THE SPRING BOARD AND THE USE Of IT.
Science
JjfiWntion
E1TOI
THE RIGHT WAY TO DIVE.
As on as be lean bow to propel himself through the water tbe
American boy wants to dive. In till, age of physical culture there in no
better method for developing leg and arm uius.-l.-n, breathing organ, etc.
tlian s lmmlng and diving.
It U the beat to start diving from a springboard, placed on the band
and the water should be at least .even or eight feet deep. .0 that ther
will be no danger that the diver', load will strike the bottom. The board
hould be at leant two Inch.-, thick. I'.' inches wide and 1 to 11! feet long.
A good way to make a .pringlmard is shown in the accompanying illus
tration. Having finished the board and tented it thoroughly walk to the outer
end for the fir.t dive.
Stand with your te. Just over the end of the board, your band, by your
Men. and spring the l.ard (.lightly two or thrw tinies-not too violently, or
you will 1 thrown awkwardly.
Leave the iK.ard when It 1. -down," with your arm. extended outward
la a straight line fro.u the shoulder.. Hrlng tin- band, together, making a
wedge of the arm. fro.n baud, to shoulder... Just b. fore striking the water.
M"Br bo-v ,,,ve fr"m springboard straight toward the water This
J. Incorrect. Tbe expert diver makes what I, known a. the "swan dive."
ttM.-h consist In throwing him.eif f-,,,-,-, the ,..lr! forward Instead of
downward, with the b.y hodiernal, chest out, should,-,, ba.-k and arms
extended.
A he cleave, the air he make. a pretty picture. Just before reaching
the water he bring hi. hand-, together, arm. at full length, draws his chin
down chute to hi- cheat to protect il- head and stiffens the body.
With hand, forming the entering p.,lnt of the wedge he cut. the water
with scarcely a sound, and hi. bn.-k and leg. follow the line of his hand,
and do not make the .plash that I. the bane of every Instructor.
Many ! have a habit of .. milling their leg. (Yum the knee down Just
a. they strike the water, and this make, a loud .plash. To prevent thl.
the leg. .hould ! held .tiff, the f.-.-t pointing a. nearly straight a. possible
GRAVE OF KIT CARSON.
icrtmled Valley In the Heart of the
KikMm here III. Aht. Kepr.
The grave of Kit Carson, the famuli.
Icont. I. decorated each Memorial day
with tender care by the people among
whom the closing
dn. of hi. life
were .pent and
wh.-re the dust of
the great frontier,
man reposes. Hi.
grave I. In the
Tiki. Valley, New
Mexico, amid the
rugged Rockies.
The Inhabitant,
of thl. valley
KIT CAIMO.
.'hlefly M ex ban. and Indian. -form a
Jttlo world by themselves. Each gen
eration awing, around II. cycle In the
iteps of It. iiredccessor.; (111. out It. al
lotted .pan and make, way for It. sue
;oor. Empires tuny rise and fall, hut
:)iec people know naught of them. The
'ail road and the telegraph are merely
tradition, brought back by the few
Ish Hp.-akii.g neighbor.. Carson lived In
a one story adobe bouse. Here he
reared a family of children, but tiny
wandered away.
From Tao. Carson went forth to
lead John C Fremont and help him
earn the title of "Pathfinder," and
from here lie went to the conquest of
California. His home was here at the
time of hi. death, though he had gone
to Fort I,ogiin, Colorado, for treatment
by an army surgeon, ami died there.
In hi. last year" Carson was an oh.
J.-, t of Interest to the American, Mexi
can and Indian, and he received many
visitors at hi. home. He Is recalled by
the older inhabitant, of Taos as a
kindly old man who had come to be
known a. "Father Kit."
VALUE OF AN EDUCATION.
It Aroti.c. In the Poe..or a Ienlre for
Itruln Work.
Education is good for any man or
woman who accepts It simply a. In
tellectual enlightenment and ns a
means of Intellectual pleasure, says
f " 1 -; T"r '
CARSON'S OLD HOME AT TAOS, NEW MEXICO.
Vfl4
Opinions of Great Papers on Important Subjects.
-Ml 1 1 ttilMN I 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 Hill I It 44 1 1 I II 114.
Women as Wage Caraers.
T tm never been determined to the satisfac
tion of the men workera that tt la good or a
fair tblng for the women worlcere t coiupwtv
with them io tbe open labor market. The men
ontend that the women, by accepting a lower
-age, decrease tbe average wage paid to all.
The unmarried women who have no one to
work for tlji maintain that the woman who baa a hus
band for her Wad-winner is an unfair competitor. Then,
again, there are those, generally old-fashioned folk that
have, like Webster's veterans, comedown to ns from former
generations, who devoutly believe that the woman's sphere
of labor, as wife and mother, 1. In her own home, where
useful, helpful work for the world may be found to en
gage much of her time, energy and intelligence. These
ancient people contend that the rearing aright of children,
the making of good men and noble women. Is the very
twst and the most profitable work to which married wom
en can put their hands or minds.
I.osipo-tlng the merit., or demerits of any of these three
contentions we do not pretend to decide, a. we are past
master, in neither political economy nor nociology. What
we do know on the subject pretty thoroughly 1 that tbe
right kind of lalxir Is a good and beneticetrt thing for wom
mi as well as for men. and that day by day recognition of
that fact i. becoming more general. What else Is being
recognized Is rhat the woman who works for a wage or
utlary loses no dignity nor prestige, but rather gains both
by her willingness and ability either to work and nupiort
herself In Womanly Independence or to ns-iist In the sup
port of her family who need her assistance. Philadelphia
I-edger.
Savinq Niagara.
"JJIDVKIiMili OI.EI.I.S veto has, for the time
M being, saved Niagara Falls from spoliation by
utilitarian enterprise. He rightly considers
- , that sentiment u love for the grand and beau
jrtjJJ tiful In nature has claims upon the law-mak-
illi' nnWer which cnmmt w-is.-lv lie lftioro.t In
behalf of money-making propositions. It will
be easy to find elsewhere the power necessary to run the
machinery of a population five or ten times as great as
that of the T'nlted States to-day. Hut we cannot llnd an
other Niagara. So the New York statesman has the ap
proval of the nation at large, whatever the disappointed
Niagara corporation and Its tools In the State Legislature
may think of his veto.
But (Jovernors and Legislatures come and go, and if
Niagara is to How on forever It Is not well that the fate of
tbe Falls should depend on the bargainings of lobbyists and
politicians. Neither should It depend on the chance that
there may never be a (Jovernor of New York to whom
sentiment limy be mere silliness, ami Niagara a mere waste
of water which should be set to turning mill-wheels. Tbe
Jurisdiction of New York State over a river which forms
part of an international boundary is subject to the treaty
making power of the Federal C.overnment. That govern
ment, in conjunction with Canada, can make the destruction
of the cataract forever Impossible through a treaty prohib
iting any further diversion of the waters of the river. As
both countries are now using the water in about equal quan
tities the prohibition would be fair to both, and would pre
serve to Canada and New York the glorious central attrac
tion about which Mich has created, at vast expense, a mag
nificent riverside park. St. Paul Pioneer Press.
Cupid in the School Houses.
fcltOM time ilnniemoHitl fix ciOinol Iiaia k
F. - . . ... ... nun
liven a favorite resort for sly Cupid. Thou
sands of charming young women have found
uie sniuui uouse uie xuresuoiu or niatrlmon v,
and countless young men have met their fate
while eking out an educational existence by
teaching witvters and "boardlm; round " TTnw
these circumstances none but the most hard-hearted educa
tional autocrat would have the temerity to seek to banish
Cupid and to Ray that no female teacher could rise In love
and marry the man of her choice without losing her posi
tion In the public schools.
The New York Board of Education sought to banish
all married women from wicked Gotham's public schools,
and forthwith an Incipient revolution was started. A come
ly young teacher named Kate S. Murphy, who fell a rl
Urn to Cupid's wiles, determined to make a test case in
behalf of herself as well aa of ber suffering 6isters, and she
brought action against the superintendent for the purpose
of preventing the enforcement of the by-law providing that
"No woman principle, bead of department or memier of
the teaching or supervising staff shall marry while In th
employ of the Board of Education.
The ease was carried to the Court of Appeal, whera
a victory was won for the matrimonial liberty of the fe
male teacher. Following this defeat the New York Board
of Education has now amended its by-laws by striking
out the clause which permits charges to be made against
a teacher-bride, but it reitaina the prohibitive feature, mere
ly to demonstrate its continued belief that female teacher
ought not to wed and still retain their portions.
In the meantime Kate S. Murphy lias won a victory
in bebalf of her sei in connection with the public schools
which will unquestionably be appreciated by her teaching
sisters everywhere, and as a token of ber good faith
she will continue to tech in gay Gotham even though she
has fallen a victim to clever Cupid. Burlington Free I'ress.
w
Brazil, Peru and Rubber.
HEN Brazil and Bolivia entered into a treaty
concerning the territory of Acre last fall, it
was thought that the long standing disputes
over the region bad finally been brought to an
end. Now it appears, however, that Peru Ii
still to be reckoned with. A battle has been
fought between Peruvian and Brazilian troops
on the Piver Cran.lless, the result being, according to Bra
zilian reports, a complete rout of the Peruvians.
The Ministers of both countries at Washington hava
thought it important to hid for American sympathy by issu
ing statements as to their respective claims and rights.
Formally considered, these statements have little in them
of interest. They deal simply with vague treaties and
vaguer boundaries in an exceedingly thinly settled region.
Actually the dispute has great Importance to both coun
tries, because the prize at stake is the control of some of
the richest rubber forests In the world. Brazilian com
panies have begun to work the forests in the course of thell
progress up the tributaries of the Amazon, while Peruvian
companies have entered them since the denudation of tha
forests In Mantana, which is recognized Peruvian territory.
It is reported from Itio Janeiro that no war will result
from the frontier battle since both countries desire arbitra
tion. Brazil demands, however, that Peru withdraw all
her troops from the disputed country before arbitration be
gins, while Peru Insists that the presence of her troops is
not In the slightest degree derogatory of "good faun and
fraternal sentiment." Certainly if the desire for arbitration
Is genuine a provisional arrangement should be easy to
make. Chicago Uerord-Herald.
Industrial Changes in China.
IX)W as is the progress of civilization In China.
gS I compared with Japan, which, in a period cov
k I ered by the memory of men now living, had
I eiirunn' frnto q fi it wl i t i nr. n tin i-r.nu a l"fir.c.I
to her present place among nations, yet indus
trially at least the "Celestial" Empire does
move, and that in a manner which cannot be
neglected in any computation of future trade with thai
country. The report of the Inspector General of Customs
of the empire shows that China Is rapidly getting into a
condition to supply herself with certain urticles for which
she has depended heretofore almost entirely upon other
countries. Those who have not kept themselves well in
formed in regard to the industrial changes which have
been taking place in the empire will be surprised to learn
from the report that the nation whicn for so many years
relied almost entirely upon England and the United States
for Its cotton goods, now manufactures 50 per cent of all
the goods of this kind supplied to the home market. In a
year China's Imports of flour have fallen off one;fourth,
not that the Chinese are eating less of it than formerly
In fact, the consumption of flour is Increasing In the em
pire but because the deficiency In Imports was more than
made good by the recently established Chinese flour mills
grinding Chinese wheat
These would seem to be signs that, In spite of a cor
rupt and Incompetent Government, China is beginning to
awake from her sleep of centuries. New York Press.
DESTRUCTION OF DALNY'S DOCKSi
' :',; !-.:-.;,.- -v:::;.K.H:i-'.::0:', y.AyvM-Sim
ONE OF DALNY'S PRINCIPAL STREETS.
The necessities of war produce strange conditions. For five years the
Russians had been engaged lu erecting the commercial port of Dalny, situ
ated on Talienwan Bay to the east and north of Port Arthur. It was to
be an open port, without a custom house, and free to the commerce of the
world. Largo government buildings were erected, streets were laid out,'
bouses built and great docks constructed, the entire outlay being in the
neighborhood of $'J5,O00,(HK). Then came the war, with Russian unpre-.
pa redness on land and sea. The defeat of the Russians at Kln-Chou com
pelled their evacuation of Iialny. Before abandoning the place, however,;
they destroyed the larger docks and many of the utilities which Japan might;
find useful, thus wiping out in a few hour, works which In times of peace
they bad created at large outlay of tltne and money.
lentureRome spirits who dare the
aiouiitaln defiles. .
This valley, now unknown to the av
rage American, has been the m t-ne of
aiany stirring pvent.. History ha.
inown It for nearly M) years, having
found It In possession of a village of
Pueblo. In 1"12. Befoie history stray
nl this way there bad Ih-cu another
ace aud civilization there. The ruined
walls standing to-day point to a great
:lty, and half-tilled irrigation ditches
prove considerable engineering ability,
tut tbe ancient people have not left a
tradition.
Tbe Pueblo, of this valley led the re
'olt of 1H0. which drove the Spaniard,
from New Mexico for Vi years. Pope,
Jie Ran Juan Indian w ho was the chief
of the red rebels, made his headquar
ters In this valley, and hero wa. the
:apltal of New Mexico during the life
f the great Pueblo Confederacy. The
tbortglues of this mountain region were
llways brave and lovers of freedom.
They Joined In many revolts against
their Spanish oppressor.. When the
Mexicans rose against their own cor
rupt olllclals In 1K17 the Pueblos of the
Taos Valley aided them, and one of
these Indians, Gonzales, wa. Installed
tn the historic palace at Kanta Fe a.
Governor of New Mexico. Even It)
renrs later, when called on by their
Mexican neighbors to redeem their
pledge as allies, these Pueblos did not
hesitate to make war even agnlnst the
United States.
It was Into this quaint and romantic
nook, high op on the backbone of the
continent that an "American Invasion"
brought a band of trappers like Car
ton and traders like Charles Bent of
bent's Fort fame. Carson and others
married Mexican women, and here,
among tbe simple, hospitable Mexi
can, In the erjr heart of the Itocklcs,
they bad a safe and convenient haven
(or tbclr families during their perilous
wandaHnga. Like his bumble, 8pan-
the San Francisco Bulletin. But edu
cation has an economical as well hs
an intellectual aspect. It gives a man
or woman appetites R. well hs pleas
ures. It creates In the Individual a
need and desire for brain work and a
distaste for manual lalnir. It arouses
a w!h for luxuries and social posi
tion that only wealth can bring. It
drive, men anil women Into those few
occupations which social prejudice
leave, open to educated persons.
There I. no room in these professions
for the crowd. Consequently, a multi
tude of the less competent among col
lege graduates fall In their work and
become dissatisfied.
It would le well If the higher edu
cation were confined to those only
who through superior powers of mind
seem fitted for It and give promise of
being able to employ it in tbo intel
lectual professions. Every graduating
class at every university contains a
large percentage of students who bare
ly pus. the tests and who have no
natural aptitude for Intellectual occu
pation. These are dumped upon the
market with lofty Ideas and Insufficient
ability to back them up. Education
to them Is a curse instead of a bless
ing. It makes them take up work at
which they cannot succeed, and despise
and shun the work for which God
made them. Even if they find out
their mistake after leaving college, It
I. commonly too late to mend. The
year. Ip which they might have leen
learning a trade or a business aro
gone. They can do everything in gen
eral, but nothing In particular; and
the man that succeeds today is the
one who can do something In particu
lar and do it especially well.
The Moon (to the Huu Don't you
ever get tired?
The Sun To tell tbe truth, I don't
know; I've never stopped to think of
It Detroit Free I'res.
The Ambidextral Culture Society of
England seeks to increase tbe ability
to use the left band, but without aim
ing to add to production In the arts by
the simultaneous use of both bands.
Monthly balloon ascents in tbe In
terest of meteorology are now made at
about 14 stations lu France, Germany,
Russia, Austria, Switzerland, Spain
aud Italy. Kites are sent up In Massa
chusetts and In England.
Radium promises to fill a need of the
Paris municipal laboratory. Measure
ment of tbe electricity of the air has
depended uion water, which gives trou
ble by freezing In wluter, but radium
offers a means of measurement unaf
fected by cold.
Rivers seem to have played a con
siderable part In limiting the distribu
tion of animal.. A notable instance
of many noted by W. L. Distant, a
British zoologist. Is that of the vls-ca.-ha.
a rabbit -like rodent of South
America, which is abundant south of
Fruguay. but Is unknown to the north,
where the country seems quite as well
adapted to its habits.
Leprosy has been investigated by
Jonathan Hutchinson, the great Eng
lish pathologist, in all parts of the
globe where It prevails. He finds noth
ing to justify the Idea of contagion, as
attendants in leper hospitals do not
contract the disease, nothing like an
epidemic Is ever known, and even
transmission from husband to wife Is
rare. He attributes tbe disease to de
cayed or badly cured fish not to any
excessive use of fish in good condi
tion. Two large and swift transatlantic
steamships, to be built for the Cunard
line, are to be propelled by steam
turbines. This fact is of great Interest
for shipbuilders and engineers, because
the turbines required will be far larger
than any now lu use. The largest tur
bines at present In marine use are
those of the steamship Queen, which
plies between Dover and Calais. A
new French type of steam-turbine, re
cently applied for the propulsion of a
first-class torpedo boat, gives a speed
of more than knots.
All- diamonds do not shine in the
dark after exposure to sunlight or elec
tric light, but some do to a remarkable
degree. A diamond rubbed with a
woolen clotil. or against a hard surface,
will sometimes shine brilliantly. The
emission of light Is n property belong
ing to many, if not all, kinds of crys
tals. A variety of white marble found
at Hastliigs-on-IIudson gives out a
tiame colored glow when pounded, and
bright flashes when scratched with
steel. In Northern New York is found
a kind of stone, known locally as "hell
fire rock," which exhibits bright sulphur-colored
streaks when scratched
in the dark. Pieces of rose quartz
rubbed together exhibit brilliant flash
es, sometimes bright enough to illumi
nate the bands of the person holding
them. Smoked quartz and other va
rieties sometimes show a similar phenomenon.
THE HORN OF A COW.
Many Cupful Things Are Mode Out
of It.
Scientists, those men who are fond
of finding out all about things, tell
ns that a cow's boru Is a combination
of phosphate of lime, gelatine and al
bumen, with these three substances
In the right proportion to make the
horn not only serviceable to the ani
mal, but useful to man. The lime
makes the horn hard, but there is just
enough to make It hard without mak
ing It brittle, and there Is Just enough
gelatine to make the horn easy to cut
and shape, says the New York Her
ald. Inside the born Is a core, which is
Nine. To get it out the horn Is soaked
in water for several weeks and when
the core conies out it Is ground up
and made into crucibles, which are
used for melting gold mid silver In.
The outer end of the horn is hard
and solid mid I. used for making knife
handles and other things. The hollow
part of the horn is soaked for half
no hour or so In boiling water, when
It becomes soft aud may easily be
split with a knife. It Is then spread
out flat and put between iron plates.
There was a time long ago wheu these
horn plates were made very thlu by
bard pressure and used In windows
and lanterns as we now use glass,
Tbe "born-books" of the olden time,
from which children learned the al
phabet, were made of the same.
When horn is heatPd It may be
molded into almost any desirable
form. That Is the way knife handles,
buttons and other articles are made.
A mold of the required shape Is used
and when the heated horn substance
Is put into It and subjected to pres
sure the material takes the shape of
the mold.
K.sy for Him.
"There's a quare thing about a
cousin o' mine," said .Barney O'Flynn.
'He has a "great habit o' walkln' In
his sleep."
"Can't he be cured of It at all?"
"Cured av it? Hhnre the mak
ln' av him. He's on the poHlss force."
Philadelphia Ledger.
Matrimonial.
"Did she have any money when he
married her?"
"No; he took her at her face value."
Detroit Free Tress.
No man need hope to pass through
the pearly gates on the strength of the
epitaph oik his tombstone.
AVOID STRAY NICKELS.
Hmntl Coin Lost in Miiil. Worries
Clerk, and Cents $1H.43.
Ordinarily no man Is rich enough to
escape that certain sense of elation
which comes from picking up a nickel
on a sidewalk, but for a railway pos
tal clerk to find such a coin in a mail
pouch where it has worked out from
Insufficient wrappings, not only does
he miss this elation, but It may pro
voke profanity.
For a nickel lost In a pouch of mull
in transit becomes a matter for na
tional concern. It comes to view, per
haps. Just as a pouch of mail is emp
tied upon n sorting table, and when
It has broken nwny from the bunches
of letters, and cards, and circulars,
rolled to an open space on the table,
and there settled down, heads or tails,
with a noisy spinning dance, tbe clerk
who first sees it is It.
A necromancer could have no more
Idea than the man In the moon ns to
what particular package It rolled out
of, and If he hnd and should tell the
postal clerk, tbe clerk wouldn't dare
try to restore the coin to the original
package. That-would be too easy al
together. No, It is a lost nickel from the mo
ment the clerk has to see It Rplnnlng
there before bis eyes and according to
the tender governmental conscience the
clerk has to get ready for the Inaugu
ration of about f 18.43 worth of fuss
over It.
For himself he doesn't dnre go to
bed for a short imp until he has got
rid of his 5 cents' worth of responsi
bility to the government for the action
of the fool person from whom the
nickel waf parted. He digs up his
printed form for such occasions, print
ed and provided, ami at once fills out a
long blank, describing the coin, tell
ing the circumstances of Its being
found, and whether It landed beads or
tails on the table, naming the pouch
from which It was emptied, the num
ber of the train carrying It, the date,
and a few other little details any one
of which In hot weather would have
cost a mug of beer.
This report with the nickel goes to
the headquarters of the postal division
In which the car was operated, and
from these bonded officials, by the
same general red tape route, the small
coin finds Its way to the seat of na
tional government and to the fund
representing that great constituency of
the I'ostofflce Department which per
sist La sending money In envelopes
through the unregistered mails of the
service.
The Way of Servants.
Subbubs I see ('ashman has an
nounced himself as a candidate for
governor.
Cltlman Yes, he declares It Is hla
"great ambition to be the servant of
the people."
Subbubs Servant? What! Doesn't
he mean to keep the place If he geta
It? Philadelphia Ledger.
Home men belong to church and
some others seem to think tbe church)
belongs to them.