: THE BASOTOS OF SOUTH AFRICA.
British and Boers are charging each
ther with having stirred up the lia
uto chiefs to threatened participation
In the war In the Transvaal.
"In the event of a Boer violation of
Basutolaml," says Spencer Wilkinson
an expert who la writing on the South
African situation, "compelling the Brlt-
ish agent to give the Basuto chiefs a
free hand. It is to be hoped that the
imperial government will lay before the
governments of the great, power the
ruw history of ihls liellcnte nhjft "
At the Bar. moment, a though In
refutation of the claims made by the
British, an uprising of the Aahantl
tribes Is reported, the occasion being
the endeavor of the British governor,
Kir Frederick Mitchell Hodgson to take
possession of the "Golden Stool of
Ajhantl." One hundred Hussars have
been tolled oft from, the Transvaal to
protect the British governor.
Baeutoland is highly Important to
both Britisher and Boer Just now. it
Ilea across the river from Bloemfonteln
south of Natal and southeast of the
Orange Free State. It Is a mountain
ous territory at the headwaters of the
Garlep branch of the Orange river, on
the Inward slope of the Drakenburg
range. It was seized by the British in
ISO, and has since been vicariously
held. The' territory Includes 25.898
square miles, and hits a population of
172.978.
' The Basutos are the wealthiest, most
powerful and best-armed tribe of the
Kechuana race. In 1879 they possessed
from 15,000 to 20,000 stands of arms.
Strong In the sense of their power, they
withheld their taxes in that year from
the Cape government, and the result
ing war ended practically In the tri
umph of the Basutos.
The Basuto is a vigorous, enterpris
ing mountaineer, conspicuous among
all the African tribes for his industry.
!n appearance he has the snfter, gen
tler stamp of the Kaffir type. His bod
ily forms are less massive and sharp
than the Kaffir; his stature Is on the
average lens, and he carries himself
wit hsomething of a stoop.The strength
of the Basutos lies In their occupations
of peace. They have provided the mis
sionaries with their most tractable
scholars, even though their subsequent
performances did not always corre
spond to the expectation aroused by
their capacity for learning. They are
much fonder than the Zulus of acting
as hired laborers for the colonists and
often delight In wearing cast-off Buro
pean clothes. They are cunning and on
the lookout for easy a-nd sometimes
dishonest ways of making money. Inno
cent social games seldom cease among
them.
Among the Bechuanas, which Include
HOME LIFE OF
New York (Special.) Mrs. Martha
Van der Valk, wife of ' the ,Jler. Dr.
Mtrcnonus 11. a. van der valk, was a
guest at No. 314 Hudson street, Hobo
ken, iHst week. She received much so
clal attention from prominent residents
of that city. She had Just returned
from the Transvaal, where during four
years she, her husband and two chll
dren had formed part of the household
of President Kruger. She is a handsome
woman of about 30, with soft brown
hair and expressive features. She
speaks Kngtish as well as she does her
naUve Dutch. She talked Interestingly
before she left for Muskegon, regard
ing her experiences In President Kru
gers home.
"One of the marked traits of the
great Boer leader Is his hospitality,"
she said. "My husband, children and
myself have had great proof of this.
We went from Delft, Holland, at the
Invitation of President Kruger early in
I09J. He had been a personal friend of
my husband's father, and he Invited
my husband to become tutor to his
three children to finish their educa
tion. "When we arrived at Durban we were
met by two officers of the president's
army, who had been delegated by him
to escort us to his home. He and his
J were a,t the railroad station at
Vfetoria to meet us when the train ar
rived. Ho almost embraced my hus-
band and gave me and my children a
warm Welcome.
"We were charmed by his cheery.
, simple manner, absolutely free from
ail ostentation. The cariiuge he led us
to was an ordinary landau. There was
only the driver on the box, and he wore
a very simple livery. When we arrived
at the presidential mansion we found
a substantial supper awultlng us. The
home of the president Is Just as unpre
tentious as his own clothing and man
ner of life. It reminds one much of the
villas one sees at New Hocholla, or
along the New Jersey coast.
"We found that a wing of this house
bad been reserved for our use. and we
discovered In them evidences that much
thought and care had been bestowed
on our comfort. Our supposed tastes
In literature, for Instance, had evidently
lin closely considered, for we found
book there that my husband knew
were often read by my father.
"My husband found the two sons and
daughter of President Kruger very
highly educated. Indeed, he discovered
that his main duties were to Instruct
litem In biblical lore, although they had
received much religious Instruction
from their father. Never have I spent
M pleasant a four years as when I was
member of President Kruger's house
hold. Wt found him always the same
the Basutos, there Is never the startling
nudity of the Zulus; they modestly cov
er themselves with a leather band fast
ened back and front to a broad belt
The women cover themselves with
aprons to the knees, fore and aft, the
outer apron having a fringe of glass
beads. Poor people wear simply a hide;
richer persons wear furs of Jackals, or
Iwld cats carefully sewn together; rich
women wear those of the silver Jackal;
the chiefs wear leopard skins. Fortun
ate hunters alone clothe tbemselJ
the skin of a gnu, with the tall die
played behind as a trophy. '
The Basuto native weapons are a
madlfleatlon of those of the Kafflr.the
principal being the throwing spear sup
ported by the battle-ax, and the two
edged dagger-knife. Their shield is
short, of scalloped form and usually
made of ox hide.
It is reported in a late work by Prof.
Frledrlch Ratzel that In originality, el
egance and flnenes sof work the Basuto
wood carvings exceed the best done by
Bechuana or Kaffir people. Their per
formances In earthenware, too, are re.
markable, among which may be men
tioned the paunchy store vessel, on
three low feet, towering up higher than
a man and covered with an Inverted
dish. Regular huts are built over these
store vessels, and the entire harvest of
millet of maize is stored In them. The
tribe Is squally skilled in weaving and
making pretty mats and baskets.
Their devotion to peaceful Industries
Is so Inborn and1 bred that great pro
vocation of much money would be re
quired to drive them Into war, , but
when onoe thua driven they will give
an account of themselves, as when they
have been compelled to Join the Mata
beles in some of the historic conflicts
of Bechuanaland.
The "Golden Stool of Ashantl" which
has caused the uprising; of that tribe,
Is Raid to be an Immense throne of
solid gold, absolutely pure. In 1836 an
expedition against King Prempeh was
sent by Great Britain to Ashanti, In
order to punish this king for various
outrages committed against British sub
jects. He had usurped much British
terirtory, and had refused to allow the
presence at Coomasste, the capital of
Ashantl, of a British commissioner. The
expedition was In charge of Sir Francis
Scott, and on January 18 CoomasKle
was entered. The king submitted to all
the British demands, but as he was un
able to pay the Indemnity the treasures
In his palace were seised. The chief
of thee, the Golden Stool, could not
be found, and It was alleged that
Prempeh had- burled it. The other
treasures were taken to London and
publicly exhibited, being much admired
for their artistic workmanship.
00M PAUL.
whole-souled man, a real man among
men.
"He has no housekeeper, except his
wife. He could not have a better one,
by the way. She is the typical, care
ful, thrifty, cleanly Dutch housevrow.
She oversees the kitchen and the mar
keting and keeps few servants. Al
though the Krugers are wealthy, there
Is no waste anywhere about the house.
They give lavishly to the poor, indeed,
I cannot say enough about their char
ity. The family Is really fairly Idol
ized by their neighbors and by resi
dents of Pretoria. Rich and poor are
proud of them.
"President Kruger is extremely punc
tilious in regard to religious services.
Before each meal there Is a short cere
mony, and Immediately after breakfast
come family prayers and a short ser
mon by him to his little household.
Frequently neighbors come In topar
tioipate In these family prayers.
"The president aims to act absolutely
according to the dictates of his con
science, as he believes God wants him
to act. My husband I, knowing him'
as well as we do, can see In every
move made by hlra during the present
war evidences that ha Is directing Its
conduct from religious motives. That
is the chief reason why I do not believe
the British will defeat the Boors, even
though they have a hundred soldiers
to the Boers' one.
"Paul Kruger, by the way, conducts
his armies with the same absence of
show and formality that he docs his
household. He Is the most approachable
man Imaginable. He deprecates any
bowing or scraping to him. He wants
to be treated Just as one gentleman
treats another. He despises any one
who cringes.
"President Kruger, or Paul, as he
prefers to be called by his friends, has
but one ambition in life. That Is to
lead his people into Independence and
freedom and enable them to live a life
of simplicity In tho fear of God and
doing reverence to Him."
When Lady Pauncefote leaves Wash
ington she will, It Is said, receive as s
sift a diamond sunburst to cost 126,
000, the money to be raised by her so
ciety friends as a mark of esteem in
which she Is held. Kach contributor
Is expected to subscribe $25. The dia
monds will not be as large nor the sun
burst as brilliant as would be the case
had there been no South African war.
Madame Caroline Bertlllon has been
chosen as doctor of the administration
posts and telegraph In Peris. This li
the first time a woman has been nam.
ed for an official position of this char
acter In France.
TENT DWELLERS IN MISSOURI.
Twelve thousand people in the Missouri-Kansas
mineral district live . 1.1
tents the year round.
In Joplin, the metropolis of the dis
trict, out of a population estimated at
30,000, 10 per cent dwell in tents. In
the outlying camps the percentage cf
tenters is larger than in town, but the
ratio is decreasing. While there are
more people in Joplin and the mining
district at this time whose only roof
tree is a sheet of 12-ounce ducking
xn at the same tlmo a year ago, the
Increase has not kept pace with the
total growth of population.
Caste finds its way among tenters as
certain as it exists anywhere, and the
lines of demarcation are usually drawn
on- moral grounda No matter how
straitened the circumstances of a tent
ing family Is, If they be decent and
show a disposition to be fair and fcnnest
In their dealings with neighbors, they
wiH find plenty of sympathy and as
sistance. Not all people live In tents
because they cannot afford to rent a
house. Instances are known where,
since the boom set in, men have rented
their houses and moved their families
Into tents. Others have chosen tenting
in order to save exorbitant rents, while
wtlll others endure this mode of habita
tion so that the family may be near
the work of the breadwinner. Some
few, and they are very few, compel
their families to live In tents so they
can have more money with which to
gamble and" drink.
An instance of this kind is called to
mind of a man whose services com
manded 115 per week, whether he work
ed all the time or not. When his hab
its and condition became known the
other tenters in the locality made It so
uncomfortable for him that he left Had
the fellow only expended half his in
come on llqor and crap tables, and the
other half In prospecting while the
wife took in washing to keep the fam
ily going, no violence would have been
done the ethical code of the tenting
community.
The foregoing relates more to the
prosperous side of tent life In the min
ing district. There are slums even in
A NEW AFRICAN MAHDI.
England Is getting worked up over
the tidings that a new African Mahdl is
preparing his 10,000,000 followers for a
holy war which may break out this
year. The successor of him who fell
In the Soudan is Senusst, and he lives
just now In JofTo, south of Tripoli.
The cloud on the North African hori
zon has been gathering for seme time.
It Is by no means generally known
that at any moment a cyclone of Mos
lem fanaticism may sweep over Egypt,
Algeria and Tunis.
This Is in the north. And further
south in the tragto continent, owing to
the same cause, civilization In Nigeria
and the French Soudan may be piit
back for another generation. The rapid
expansion of a Mahometan secret so
ciety, with Us Inevitable Jehad, or holy
war, anion r? the Arabic, Berber and ne
groid races of the Western and Central
Soudan, is a factor in current life In
the Dark Continent which at any mo
ment may assume a terrible Import
ance. The year that Gordons' life went out
at Khnrtoum, in 188B, the followers of
Senissdl were est I bated at about 3,000,
000. Since then the movement has grown
so enormously that probably over 10,
OOO.OOe sons of the Prophet are sworn
members' of this torganlxation. Far
away from (he White Man's Africa."
burled tn the heart of the long sandy
wastes that spread in endless silence
from Tripoli to Lake Tchad, is being
accumulated vast sores of the most
modern war material, without the pos
sibility of Interference by the Christian
powers most concerned ITngland and
France.
Joffo, the headquarters at the new
Mahometan Messiah, is 600 miles west
of the Nile and about 700 from the
NAVY SHORT
e
Wanhlngton, D. C (Special.) The
navy department was under the neces
sity today-of ordering the United
States crulcer Detroit to the Ports
mouth navy yard, New Hampshire, to
ko out of commission. In addition to
thin, orders have been prepared to put
tho Marblchend out of commission at
Mare Island, ard telegraph orders have
been sent to Admiral Watson to send
the gunbonts Bennington and Concord,
now at Manila, home to San Francisco,
where they will also be put out of com
mission. The big battleships Indiana
and Museachupetts, which have Just
been overhauled at the Now York navy
yard, are aao to be sent to League
Island about the first of tho month to
be laid up In ordinary Instead of being
commissioned.
This remarkable reduction of the
number of ships In commission Is as
cribed at the navy department to the
lack of a sufficient number of officers
to furnish complements for the ships
absolutely required for naval purposes.
The battleship Kearsarga has Just been
put In commission and the Illinois on
the Atlantlo side and the Wisconsin on
the Pacific side also must be commis
sioned Immediately In order that the
hips can be taken from the hands of
the contractors. Then there are some
these cotton-cloth communities. One of
these lies ecst of Joplin, beyond the
mines. Us tienlzciiB setrn to be related
to the nomads of Turkestan, albeit it
19 plain , they have degenerated. They
stop in certain places for certain peri
ods cf time and then move on to an
other locality, never getting far away,
and In the course of a year return two
or three times to the first camping
r'ace.
All the remnants, ragtag and bobtail,
the lame, halt and blind of the eqiiine
creation seem to have descended to
these people after being cast oft by
the poverty-stricken wood haulers of
Shoal Creek. If these latter are the
veritable hewers of wood of the min
ing district, their legatees are drawers
o fwater, for about the only employ
ment that is ever known to engage
their attention Is the distribution of
water for domestic uses to their more
provident and worthy fellow tenters.
They are ragged, dirty, Iay and almost
wholly abandoned. On the banks of
the streams, particularly along Turkey
creek, Just north of Joplin, and seques
tered In the timber, Is one of the places
where morals are none too strict. Yet
In this place certain unwritten laws are
respected, one in particular being a
sanitary measure relating to keeping
the stream as wholesome as possible.
It might be imagined that life In these
tents is hard to endure In the winter.
It Is undoubtedly hard enough, but it
Is likely the heat of summer, with its
decaying vegetation and tainted water,
causes more suffering and disease in
the tents than In the winter. In the
winter season the tents are. made tight,
and as fuel Is cheap, a Are keeps them
so warm that flaps have to be thrown
back for ventilation. Being built on
the ground and banked up around the
sides, tents are more comfortable in
winter than the most of the little rough
pine cabins that are built up off the
ground, and where the biting winds
come up through looee floors, giving
their Inmates colds and pneumonia.
There are many kinda of foolishness,
but the meanest kind Is selfishness.
North African littoral. It lies at a point
due south of Tripoli and a little to the
east of the caravan route to Bornou.
There is reason to believe that at the
front in South Africa, among the In
dian bearers, there are several repre
sentatlves of the new Mahdl, who have
enlisted to report upon the events of
the war. The most extraordinary fea
ture of this conspiracy is that some of
its members declare they have acquir
ed the strange secret of brain teleg
raphy, whereby they are enabled to
send messages over vast distances.
As a military force his followers are
Infinitely superior to the Ill-armed Sou
danese whom the Anglo-Egyptian army
defeated at the Atbara and Omdurman.
Twenty thousand Manitcher rifl?s, It Is
said, have been bought at Liege, Bel
gium, for the new Mahdi. Every one
of these weapons was landed at Tripoli
and carried on camel back to Joffo.
The Italian war office has lately been
offering for sale a number of its dis
used field guns. Several have been
bought and, curiously enough, shipped
to Tripoli. Always Tripoli, for there
the Sultan of Turkey reigns supremo
and that astute monarch Is too wise to
run foul of the Irader of 10.000,000 of
the moFt reckless fanatics that islam
has enrolled.
What Is the policy, what are the aims
of this truculent Moslem? In a word,
to revive a great militant Mahometan
empire In North and Central Africa and
Incidentally to turn out the two unbe
lieving powera It Is one of the quali
fications of a great leader to bide hi?
time. Scnussi has waited for a quarter
of a century.
'srnam UN)q aeeqi eje jCoq ((mm
b jo aj aqj u spojjad is5ao( aqj.
OF OFFICERS.
smaller craft, like the Strlngham and
tho Chesapeake, al!w calling for com
missions and crews.
The extent of the shortage may b
surrgestcd by the fuet that for all of
the four great guns In the double tur
rets of the new battleship Kearsarge.
but one officer could be spared, Involv
ing undue risk, even In times of peace.
The navigation bureau Is authority for
hte statement that there ore fully 1CH
vacancies In the line of the navy, and
the total number of officers Is really
less thun It was fifteen years apo, not
withstanding the great Increase In the
number of ships. The projected short
ening of the course at Annapolis pro
vided for In the landing naval bill
would not substantially relieve the sit
uation In less than fifteen years, so tho
otflclnlh are striving to find some meth
od for temporary relief, such, perhaps,
us the graduation of the Annnpolla
classes for the next two years one year
In advance of the usual time, or an
authorization for the Immediate ap
pointment to Annapolis of about 100
extra cadets,
"I regard Miss Helen Hay," said Wil
liam Dean Howells recently, "as one of
the most promising women now writing
verse."
FARM NEWS NOTES.
DAIRY FEEDING. '
One of the most Important subjects
for study by the dairyman is that cf
feed stuffs and the compounding of ra
tions from them suited to dairy pro
duction, and so far as possible grown on
the farm. A good deal is yet to be
learned in regard to feeding, but many
general principles are already well es
tablished. Every cow's ration should
have succulence; it should be appetiz
ing, so as to tempt large consumption;
it should be well balanced so that the
food fed will be expended in milk pro
duction rather than In the making of
fat; it should consist to a large extent
of coarse forage for the sake of cheap
ness, and it should be of a kind that
produces no evil' effect upon milk OY he
products. During the pasture season
nothing Is better than good grasses for
succulence, appetizing quality or suit
ableness to milk production. On hlph
prlced lands there may of course be
cheaper foods, such, for example, as en.
silage, but there are none better. A
difficulty In connection with pfmturaare.
however. Is that over large areas the
season for good pasturage Is short and
Is interrupted by drouth. To secure a
properly balanced ration nitrogenous
feed stuffs are greatly needed, so that
the relatively narrow ration required
may be cheaply made. In the west we
have a splendid coarse forage of the ni
trogenous kind In clover of various
ports, but nitrogenous concentrated
feeds are scarce. In many parts of the
wet the cow pea and the field pea fur
nish a feed stuff rich in nitrogen, and
so, too, does the soy bean, but outside
of these where a nitrogenous concen
trated feed Is wanted it must generally
be found in a by-product of some kind,
such an bran, shorts, oil meal, gluten
meal, and the like, and this means that
It must be purchased, which violates
that principle In good farm economy
which dictates that the feed stuffs
should be grown at home. Of course It
Is better to buy these nitrogenous feeds
than not to have them, but it will be
still better to endeavor to find some
that can be grown on the farm. We
think that more dairymen every year
are trying to grow mixed peas and
oats, and where this can be done the
dairyman can hardly do better. For
succulence, for coarse forage and for
cheapness ensilage can hardly be sur
passed. There are two or three facts In
regard to the silo that will bear think
lng about. One of them is that crltl
clsm of the ailo almost Invariably
comes from people who either do not
have one. or who have not learned
how to use It. Another Is that while
every year we hear of more people
availing themselves of the advantages
of the alio, we very rarely hear of a
deserter from the ranks. In the dairy
man's study of the subject of feeding
the silo Is one of the leading means for
coarse forage preservation to be con
pldered. It has the advantage of fur
nishing succulent food of good quality
during the dry feeding period, and it
will also help through the midsummer
when pastures are of but little value
and when the milk flow of so many
cows shrinks.
AGH OF HORSES.
A correspondent writes, asking how
long horses live and how their ages
may be told. The duraticn of the life
of the horse beam, as a general rule,
a certain relation to the length of time
it continues to grow, and this is true
of all animals. The horse continues to
grow for about four years and will or
dinarily live, barring accident or dis
ease, six or seven times as long, or say
twenty-five or thirty years. Still, like
man's "three score and ten," the rule
Is not absolute, but merely a matter of
average expectation. There is on re
cord a case of a eervlceable horse that
attained the age of sixty years, and
another in the sixteenth century "
laid to have been seventy years old.
This, of course, is wholly exceptional,
however, tike the case of Thomas Parr,
the English farmer, who was married
it 120 years, continued to do a good
lay's work after he was lit, and died
t the ripe old age of lit.
As to the method of telling the age
if a home, the usual and Indeed the
only reasonably certain way is by the
teeth, although there are other marks
that are used as confirmatory of what
the teeth say, or as contradictory of
!t when there is reason to suppose that
he teeth have been tampered with by
"blshoplng." Even the teeth convey no
ertaln Indications after nine years old.
ll though they still furnish a basis for
plnlon and Judgment, especially when
ak'jn in connection with Other physi
cal signs. We cannot undertake to give
i full exposition of the method of tell
ng a horse's age by the teeth, but gen
erally the modern horseman divides the
3ge of a horse as determined by den
tition Into five periods. They are; 1,
the eruption of the Incisors or the first
lentltlon, or milk teeth, which is from
birth to eight or ten months old; 2. the
leveling, progressive use and falling oiil
of those Incisors, which Is from about
ne year to about two years old; 3, the
eruption of the permanent or adult
teeth, which Is from two or two and a
half years to between five and six
years; 4, the leveling of the permanent
Incisors, which goee on from about six
to eight years, and 6, the wearing away
of the crowns, which goes on from
about nine to nineteen years. - -
Within each of these periods certain
changes go on. In the first, for exam
ple, the plncher teeth or middle Incis
ors generally appear at six to eight
lays old; at four months there are four
teeth on the upper end four on the
lower Jaw, and at about eight or ten
months the corner Incisors and the In
termediate teeth are entirely through
;he gums. At about two and a half
rears the dental arch la complete. At
about three year and a half the middle)
temporary nippers give place to perma
nent ones, and at about five years the
corner nippers become permanent and)
the horse Is raid to have a "full mouth."
From this time on the year of the teeth
and the spots or marks in their center
are the chief guides. If one desires to
learn how to determine the age of
horses, he should In the first place get
a fair general Idea of what to look for,
as herein described, and then carefully
study the mouths of many horses of
known ase.
UP OR DOWN? -The
old Catch question, whether k
house destroyed by fire burns up or
burna down, is familiar to most of our
readers. Among the mapleTsugar mak
ers the question of whether sap flown
up or down in the spring has long
been one in regard td Which there wan
controversy. The subject does not In
terest us a great deal in the west, for
here we make most of our maple su
gar and syrup by mixing commercial
sugar with water in which corn cobs
have been boiled, and then boil the
mixture down to the proper consistency.
In Vermont, however, where they make
a good deal of maple sugar from the
real sap, the experiment station has In
vestigated the up and down question
and finds that the sap flows both up
and down and that the rate of flow Into
the tap hole is about equally rapid In
both, directions. In January the trees
consist of about 40 per cent of thell
weight in water. If a tree weighs 10,
000 pounds it has about 4,000 pounds ot
sap, and if this contains 3 per cent ot
sugar there are about 120 pounds of su
gar in solution in the sap. During
the sugar season there is probably but
'Httle movement of the sap in an unr.
tapped tree, but the pressure on a
good sap day may rise in such, a tree
to over twenty pounds to the squart
inch, as registered by steam pressure
gauges. When this pressure is reliev
ed by tapping there is a tendency U
drive the sap from all directions out
through the tap hole. Experiment
shows that the sap moves very easily
and rapidly with the grain of the woodl
but very slowly If at all across the
grain, so that while the sap flows inte
the tap hole from above and below, n
appreciable amount flows in from the
sides. Several tap holes will therefore
get more sap from a tree than one.
ITEMS OF INTEREST.
If a buttermaker wants to do hi
whole duty by his creamery and all
Its patrons, he should receive no milk
that he ought to reject. . This rejection
should be without making anybody
mad if possible, but it should be made
anyhow. ,
The wool growers of the northwest
ern states are preparing to avoid the
necessity of selling their wool Immedi
ately" after shearing or paying exorbi
tant storage prices. They will build
Immense warehouses at central points,
where each member of a company can
store his wool at cost and sell when
he pleases.
As spring approaches there is per
haps nothing which requires greater at
tention from the housekeeper than the
cellar. The wise woman will be vigi
lant in looking after decaying vegeta
ble matter in that quarter. Every
thing of the kind should be promptly
removed. Not only this, but the outer
door should be open every day front
morning to night.
In large areas on the western ranges
cattle are gradually giving , way te
sheep. On the other hand. In south
western Texas, which has long been a
great sheep district, there Is a dispo
sition to change to cattle. The reason
assigned Is that notwithstanding the
present profitableness of the sheep In
dustry,- the sheep eat off the pastures
so closely and trample them so badly
that they are ruining them, and the
live stock men think they would do bet
ter with eattle that the ranges win sup
port than they can with sheep that
have to he continually moved te
WHAT TO EAT.
Banana Short-Cake. Banana short
cake Is a good substitute for straw
berry shortcake and is made tn ex
actly the same manner. The rake la
baked, cut open and spread with but
ter. The bananas, sliced and sugared,
are put between the layers, and ore
the top if preferred. Like strawberry
short-cake, this Is much Improved U
eream is poured over it, but, " like
strawberry short-cake again, it is de
licious' without the cream.
Coffee Cream. Put two tablespoon
fuls of gelatine to soak In one-balf cup
of water. ' Then add two tablespoon
fuls of strong coffee, and ono-half cup
of 'sugar, dissolved In one-half cup of
water. Let "this mixture stand on the
Ice until It begins to harden, then beat
In one cup of whipped cream. Set It
again on ice until It hardens. '
Indian Puddlr"?. This Is an old-time
dish, and It requires one quart of warm
milk, three tablespoonfuls of corn meal,
one tablespoon of flour, one cup of mo
lassew, one egg and one cup of cold)
milk, besides salt and cinnamon and
ginger. Heat the quart of milk In thn
double boiler, and when It begins to
boll pour It over the corn meal, being
careful that no lumps form. Then stir
In the molasses, the flour, the salt and)
the spices, last of all the egg and the)
cup of cold milk. Let the pudding bake)
for three hours.
Waffles. This recipe calls for on
quart of flour and two teaspoona ot
baking powder. Add three tablespoon
of sugar and a ealtspoon of salt. AM
two tablespoons of butter. Beat few
eggs and stir them Into one pint ef
milk, add to the other Ingredients. Bent
the mixture thoroughly and cook tab
waffle Irons. .
1