Ksrrisca Press-Journal Q. A. rHIPPi. Fabltaba. HARRISON, NEBRASKA The Cur of Russia la a cigaratu motor. He rolls his own cigarette from tobacco especially imported from Syria. When bad men combine the good must associate, else they will fall one by one an unpitied sacrifice in a con temptible struggle. Japan sent 63 ships through the Sues canal last year, or more than Spain (34) or Denmark (27), and near ly as many as Italy (82). Jackson, Ont, has made a record foi municipal economy. Of the $2,000 vot ed for decorations for the reception oi the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and 1'ork $300 was not spent Instead of being a modern notion, the plan of preventing destructive storms by exploding bombs among the clouds was suggested nearly 100 yeart ago by Prof. Parrot, of Riga, in Rus sia. The Burmese soung Is a harp, the body being modeled like a boat, with a long, high prow. The instrument has a scale from low A in the base clef to F in the G clef. It is used to accompany vocal music. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph H. Ormsby, oi Chicago, 111., have been married seven years, and during that time she has twice given birth to twins, or.ee to triplets, and on September 29 of th present year she added quadruplets tc her family. In the seven years she has had fourteen children. The most valuable kitchen in th world belongs to the Shah of Persia With its outfit of cooking utensils and dishes it is said to be worth about $5, 000,000. Even the cooking pots are lined with gold, and the plates and dishes used at the royal table are ol solid gold, encrusted with preeloui stones. Tests in the cultivation of potatoes made last year, show that, whether planted whole or cut. the large pota toes gave the biggest yields in every case; but when the financial results were looked into, it was found that the biggest profit was made by planting whole large potatoes, and the next largest profit, from whole small ones. ! . ; The people of Spencer, Mass., are proud of the fact that it was the birth place of Elias Howe, Jr. Passengers on the Boston and Albany Railroad, passing through that town, can see a buge sign, eighteen feet square, bear ing these words: "Down In the valley tbelow Elias Howe, Jr., Inventor of the isewing machine, and an illustriom son of Spencer, was born in 1819." Alaskan dogs are called malamutes, and are a cross between a dog and s wolf. About two months after birth they are trained to draw little wagons, and soon become very useful. They do not bark, but utter a melancholy howl. They have long hair, and can Ieep in the open air with the ther mometer sixty degrees below zero. Their usual food is fish and seal blub ber. They are fed once a day, usually at night. A Carbondale (Col.) man is on his way to Holland to find three or four hundred families who will go to Colo rado, settle down in the irrigated sec tions, and build up the sugar-beet rais ing Industry, hia belief being that the Hollanders, who are thoroughly ac quainted with the use of ditches for the purpose of keeping water off the farming lands of their own country, will be particularly useful in the use of ditches used for irrigation purposes. ' Ex-Governor Leedy has engaged in the practice of law in Alaska, and in o letter to his old frierd, Dr. Pllcher of Win field, he says his prospects are good. He is buildirg a house in the town of Valdez, and already he is on of the foremost citizens of the town. He likes Alaska be':ter every day, and the town of Valdez he predicts will be the biggest seaport on that coast. Its harbor Is open the year round, and the town is on what is called the "all American" route to the gold country. A wealthy business man who runs a farm for pleasure, but on business principles, refused to buy a corn-reaper that left a tall stubble. The Maine Farmer explains that on well-grown corn the reaper that leaves six Inches of stalk standing wastes at least a ton to the acre of valuable fodder, one tenth of the crop. Beside this lllumln tire Incident we place the brief but pointed speech Mr. Schwab made when he assumed the presidency of the United States Steel company: "There must be a constant effort to look after the little things." That Is "business," whether a man controls a billion-dollar corporation or a ten-acre farm.. The deepest borehole known, made by the Prussian government, Is at ParuschowiU. near Ratlbor, In upper Silesia, The total depth Is about 6,67? feet, the diameter decreases from t.9 Inches down to 3.7 Inches. The npper half of the hole Is tubed. Ta American shipyards where ataai Tassel are bailt hare orders which will keep tarn busy for the act twtlTa month and tome longer. Tlia aroa to rards on the great fcag aa ws3 'a 'host m the saa tra . ROGERS ON TRUSTS. SEES THEIR EVILS BUT NAMES NO REMEDY. Ha Pratably Know That Gwmmit OvMnhlp b tka Principal Haaaedy, Bat Balaf a Yala Pro'aaaor, Ha Daraa Tat Say So. Heary Wade Rogers, lately president of Northwestern university, made a de parture from recent practice in Tale by delivering an inaugural address on as suming his chair in the law school in that institution. A dispatch from New Haven states that Prof. Rogers surprised his audi ence, consisting of leading members of the Connecticut bar. Including most ot the conspicuous corporation lawyers and members of the supreme court, by insisting upon the necessity of curbing the power of corporations, especially the corporations commonly known as trusts. The professor admitted that these aggregations may result in a saving of the wastes of competition and that so far as they do they are beneficial. But he pointed out what be regarded as countervailing evils ot great magni tude, among which he mentioned stock watering, high prices to consumers low prices to producers of materials, low wages to employes "and, above all powerful if not corrupting influence which may be exerted over political organizations and over every depart ment of government, the executive, the legislative and the judicial." Prof. Rogers admits that thus far statutes have had little effect to de stroy or control existing industrial combinations or to prevent the forma tion of new ones. He states that twenty-seven states and territories have passed such statutes, and that tbey have had very little practical effect. It does not appear from the report given ot his address that Prof. Rogers was explicit in prescribing a remedy for the evils be described. It is mere ly stated in the most general terms that he set forth "the need of restrain ing corporations by every constitu tional limitation and the need of pre venting corrupt influence by corpora tions on legislation and on industrial life." In the absence of anything more ex plicit than this the admitted fact that congress and so many states and terrl -tories have legislated in vain does not hold out much hope that they will leg islate successfully hereafter in the di rection Indicated. It cannot be pre tended that in Georgia, Texas. Mis souri, Kansas and other states legisla tion has been dictated by corporations or their attorneys. The anti-trust peo ple have had things their own way and exercised all their ingenuity in fram ing anti-trust legislation. Their ad mitted failure suggests a suspicion that they have been working on wrong lines. It is the national legislature that must take the initiative govern ment ownership step. Perhaps upon mature consideration Prof. Rogers may conclude, if he has not already done so, that attempts by statutory prohibitions and penalties and hindrances to prevent the massing of capital in great combinations are neither practicable nor necessary. He may conclude that the only thing in the way of discouragement or prohibi tion which is really needed is a cessa tion ot encouragement. Our tariff laws hold out tbertrong est possible inducement to the organi zation of great monopoly combines. They naturally suggest the combine to the beneficiaries of the various protec tive schedules as soon as they begin to compete against one another and cut prices from the limit assigned by the duties which shut out foreign com petition. Remove the duties which enable home producers to maintain prices from 20 to 100 per cent or more above the level which would result from open, world-wide competition, and you remove the motive to the formation of most combines by taking away nearly all of the profit to be derived from their formation. Next to complete government ownership of the princi pal monopolies a reduction of the tariff Is the best remedy. By repealing tariff and other laws under which trusts are able to aecumu late millions we can impose much re itralnt upon those organizations that Is much needed for the protection of society. PASIC IS THREATESKD. Secretary Gage has recently un bosomed himself to a gathering of bankers, as follows: "Permit me to summarize Into sev eral brief propositions an expression of my own financial convictions: "I believe It to be the most desir able that the demand liabilities of the government known as legal tender notes should be put in the way of re tirement and cancellation. "I believe that our system of bank not circulation can be and ought to be so modified as to make It more re sponsive to commercial and Industrial requirement, without any Increase of risk to the bill holder. I believe that beyond acting as a guardian and trustee for the people In relation to national banks the govern ment guaranty to bank note Issues ihould cease. "I believe that public moneys In ex cess of reasonable working balance (or dally ae should be deposited in national banks. That a simple and lata system of distribution of funds :aa ha devised I have no dcibt, "I believe that In periods of national sac aad prosperity the public rtre iae shovld be sdmawhat In excess of public expenditure and that the sur plus revenue should be applied to the reduction of the public debt." Mr. Gage wants the greenbacks re tired, because when that is done, there will be room for more national bank notes. He wants the government to withdraw the requirement that the banker shall secure his notes unques tionably by a deposit of bonds. When that is done. the wild cat era will again be close at hand, says tie Centra! Farmer. The second and third paragraphs of his "beliefs" above show that he ia a past master in "diplomacy" (which is the art of using words to conceal ideas) for the gist of those Items of his creed. Is that the banks should be allowed to conduct their business with only a perfunctory supervision or guardianship, but without compelling security to bill holders. There is now no actual security to depositors, and if we remove the requirements of se curity to note holders, chaos will soon appear. Now add to those brilliant ideas the other one that follows, of depositing all excess treasury funds in the pet "national banks." It will be seen that the scheme involves all the uncertainty and weakness that caused Jackson to overthrow the U. S. bank and withdraw government deposits from banks that were not sound. As a national wrecker Mr. Gage is en titled to fron,t rank. GOVERNMENT RAILROADS. New Zealand builds her own rail roads. The number of miles now in operation is about 22,000. The pay on the railroads average about 30 per cent higher than the wages on our American roads. The railway hands have an eight-hour work-day. You can ride thirty miles for ten cents, and first-class service is rendered the people. The annual net profit of the New Zealand railroads is an average of $2,250,000. There are 6,000 men employed, and the government con tinues to extend the system. The men elect tbclr own foreman. Workmen engaged on public works secure a 25 per cent reduction in rates for them selves and families when away from home. An employe can never procure em ployment through preference, nor can he be discharged. Every one is un der civil service regulations rigidly enforced. No rebates to any persons with a "pull;" no free passes. For twenty years the government has owned and operated railways. The profits go to the public treasury and building extensions and improving the present system. The roads have been built and equipped for 139,000 a mile, though it is a mountainous country, and wages and materials are both very high. Work on the railways is carried on by co-operative groups of workmen, who tak3 a section together and divide the contract payments (which are liberal) equally among the members of the group. The daily wage for eight hours' work is 11.75 to 2. PII1LIC OWNERSHIP. The following is proof that "all" the people are getting interested in meth ods wherein "all" the people receive benefits. This method ot extending the function of government to include the benefits to "all" the people Is rap idly growing. Our public schools are the best illustration of the practical working of public ownership, says the Central Farmer of Omaha, The sub ject of furnishing free books in our free schools has been receiving atten tion. We are glad to note the results, which are very encouraging in favor ot public ownership. Ten states of the union have com pulsory free text book laws, while seventeen out of twenty-eight large cities in the United States provide free text books. In Philadelphia this idea has prevailed since 1818. New York has had it for fifty or sixty years. Nine out of fourteen cities of less than 100,000 population have adopted it From all places where the system has been tried come reports of increased attendance and a great saving in the total expenditure for text books. This steady and widely extended growth indicates that the free text book system has Intrinsic merit in It, and that it is indorsed by leading edu cators. It is in harmony with the underlying principles of the free school system. It further indicates the grow ing popularity of the co-operative plan of conducting the affairs o govern ment In matters wbere the people bave a common interest. IX FAB NEW ZEALAND. Frank G. Carpenter has this to say of New Zealand: ''One of the chief customers for ma chinery In New Zealand Is the govern ment. It owns the railroads and It will eventually control all the street car plants and electric light plants. It builds bridges and it is thinklnc of operating coal mines. "Tbe railroads have cost the govern ment of New Zealand $80,000,000, but they are paying good dividends to the government, and are giving much bet ter service than any of our rail roads giving free transportation In many cases lo encourage settlement of the government lands. -The govern ment Is a large employer of labor, so that no person Is without good wages at least from 18 to 1 12 per week. This has emptied the jails, and a tramp Is as rare as a millionaire. "These conditions have practically been brought about by tbe votes of organised labor--In fact, labor unions dominate everything In New Zealand. Forty-eight hours constitute a week In almost every kind of labor, and a violation of this Is severely punished, A weekly half-holiday Is as generally observed hero as Sunday la la the Uatted States.", THE THING TO DO. NEW ZEALAND THE EXPERIMENT STATION FOR DEMOCRACY. He ran I pon Earth for People- Bonod hj liumaa Tta to do Into Other aa Thrr Would Bo !obo bj Tho Graat Mt Good tor tho Gmlnl Naatbor." In New Zealand no children under 18 are allowed in factories unless they can show an education certificate, and none under 16 are allowed to be em ployed In factories. In New Zealand the government has postal savings banks, insuring safe de posits, and carries parcels for one juarter what it costs here. No matter how far the farmer is from market, the same charge for car rying produce to market, thus insur ing a stable price all over the island. Then think of a land where there are no tramps, no unemployed men and no paupers, and hence, it is un necessary to say, monopolists. The government here makes it a :rime to be found without visible means of support. In New Zealand the unemployed is found work by some of :he 200 agencies, and Is not only given work at 2 per day by tho government in road or roadways, but is given land, which he may have thirty-six years to pay for. Every year he pays 6 per sent of the assessed value, and of this VA per cent or 4 per cent is interest, the remainder going Into a sinking fund that pays for the land in thirty six years. Government is crazy enough to loan money to farmers at 4 per eent up to 60 per cent of the assessed value, which interest goes to pay expenses of government, lessening taxes so much. Here we insist on borrowing of private capitalists at high interest and pay heavy taxes to state besides. In spite of all their new-fangled and socialistic reforms, New Zealand fairly hums with prosperity, exporting per capita almost four times as much as this country. But how sad it is that in New Zea land old people are pensioned instead nf sent to the poor house! To be sure they can afford to do this by turning the income from railroads, telegraphs, telephones and interest money from private capitalists to the government treasury, but how dreadful it would be here In America to deprive the Mor gans, Rockefellers, Carnegies et al. of their surplus billions In order that the 70,000,000 poor paupers might actually be sure of having a Jiving. How inconsiderate this would be to Morgan et al. thus to attempt to bring into practice the theory of "the great est good for the greatest number." That such reforms will eventually prevail cannot be doubted, but think of the misery now, here, all around us, and do for heaven's sake help to hasten the day, dear madame, for I am sure your, heart is with the people. E. W. Robbins. TRADE BALANCE THEORIES. Ex-Senator Pettigrew has lately ex pressed the opinion that an excess of exports over imports of merchandise Is an evidence of impoverishment, not of prosperity, and he cites the case of Irjdia In support of this view. India exports, usually, a greater value of merchandise than It imports and it Is notoriously a poor country. There is nothing new in the opinion and much that is true. The rule which It suggests for determining whether or not a country is prosperous must be applied intelligently. The dominant principle is that no nation will long carry on a losing foreign trade, be cause there is no motive to its con tinuance, but a powerful motive to its discontinuance. In accordance with this dominant principle It Is pretty safe to conclude that an increasing foreign trade Is profitable no matter on which side the "balance" may be found, and that tbe existence of the balance is susceptible of an explanation consistent with the assumption that the trade is profitable. It Is therefore foolish to bono if trouble about "the balance of trade." As a general statement it is true tint not only tbe cost of an exported cargo but most of the profit realized on Its sale abroad Is Invested in foreign mer chandise to be brought Into this coun try. We bring homo the profit in tbe form not of money but of merchan dise. , In such case we should expect to find an excess of aggregate Imports equal to the profits on the aggregate exports. This Is equivalent to saying that the excess In vatpe of merchandise Im ports Is the measure of the profits on exports or of the prosperity due to for eign trade. In practice, however, we cannot often accept this as the true measure. In countries like ours, where there are high duties, either ad valorem or mixed, there Is an object in under valuing Imports. This may be carried so far as to change what would be an exceas of Imports on a full valuation Into an excess of exports. Again. country may be borrowing sioney abroad for the construction ot railroads, tbe development of mines r other Industrial purposes. Tbe cap tal thus borrowed Is Imported, usu ally, Iz the form of rails and machin ery, to be employed In prosecuting the new enterprises. Thus Imports may m Increased largely above the normal ind there may be a large excess of imports, which should signify pros perity, and will If the new enterprises ire profitable. After a time tbe country may no longer need to borrow. Ceasing to borrow. It must pay Interest or dlvl lends on the capital previously bor rowed and nay pay off the principal mors or lass rapidly. These payments, In turn, are made In merchandise rather than cah. and so for a tim exports may exceed I m porta. Thla too, signifies prosperity. When a country like Great BriUlf baa thousands of millions of capita, profitably invested in all parts of tbi world tbe owners of the capital tak the profit In merchandise or in drafU representing merchandise, which com to the same thing, because the coun try has no use for the cash, which 1 a mere instrument of trade rather than a store of wealth. In such a case there comes to be a chronic, very large and increasing excess of imports. This U a marked indication of great national wealth. From these Instances and illustra tions It is plain that, wh.ie we are not to accept at all the protectionist as sumption that an excess of exports is an indication of a profitable foreign trade, neither are we to accept the Pettigrew rule and apply It Indiscrimi nately as a sure test In all cases. It is based on an economic truth, indeed, but under modern conditions of In ternational credit we need to apply it intelligently where It is worth while to apply It at all. Chicago Chronicle. SENATOR LODGE'S WAB WHOOP AGAIN. Chicago Chronicle: Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts returned recently from a summer trip to Europe and he made a speech at Boston last Saturday on the national situation. It was of the same Jingo order as that which he made last June at the open ing of the Buffalo fair. What Senator Lodge might say on the subject of foreign affairs would be of little interest only but for the fact that he Is a close Intimate friend of President Roosevelt, whose views he is supposed to represent; that he Is a member of the foreign affairs senate committee and that about tbe time ot his Buffalo speech Mr. Roosevelt, then vice-president, made a speech of a similar purport. But what Mr. Roosevelt might have said when he was vice-president mere ly and what Mr. Lodge might have said then had but little weight compared to what Mr. Lodge says now on subjects of tbe gravest moment. It Is now said that Mr. Lodge will become secretary of state and have charge of tbe foreign relations of tbe government. He will not be appointed to that office unless his opinions and those of President Roosevelt are the same. Mr. Lodge sounds the war whcop on what he supposes to be the Monroe doctrine, which is not the Monroe doc trine at all as interpreted by Its au thor and by our great statesmen. He announces that even the acquisition of a naval station by a foreign power within the western hemisphere "would be the instant menace of the peace we are anxious to maintain." Thlrf Is su preme Jingo nonsense, Tbe United States are procuring naval stations in all parts of the world. The peace of the world Is not threatened by these acquisitions. We want naval stations for the use of our commerce not as a base of military operations against other countries. That Is the only purpose for which naval stations are desired by any of the great nations. Mr. Lodge advocates the enlargement of our navy to terrible dimensions. He wants "a navy so strong that no nation would dare attack us." His Idea of peace Is that it can be main tained only by threatening other na tions with war. This balderdash for it Is nothing else would be of no account if Mr. Lodge did not claim to speak for the president and if he were not to be sec retary of state. As It Is, his truculent oratory has a bad effect on the national tranquillity and may be injurious to business interests. Want Partisan Pnttniaatem .Only. Indianapolis News: Congressman Watson was guilty of a strange deliv erance at Rushvllle when he said that every postmaster should be a working force for the Republican party. This utterance may be good politics in Mr. Watson's own district, but it is not In line with advanced thought. The spoils system Is going and under the present administration It is going fast. The time when the business primar ily or secondarily of all government employes was to look after the Inter ests of the party that secured thern places has gone by. Reform aa lo franchlMa. New York Evening Post: The fran chise policy of the Immediate future, not merely as regards traction, but all other public service corporations, must be simple and conservative. Short-term grams, with subsequent power to re voke, adequate compensation to the municipality probably in the form partly of lower fares and partly of limitation of profits, with prescribed bookkeeping these are the fundament als of franchise reform. With the great principles established and an ultimate power of control reserved, minute In terference with business details will be neither -wise nor necessary. Aa Katlraata of Oat Addlrk. Milwaukee Free Press: This man, Addlcks. Is an adventurer In politics who, without one characteristic that recommends him for a seat In the sen ate, has spent, It Is said, f 1, 000,000 In his endeavors to force bis wsy Into that body. He was able to deadlock the state legislature last winter and so prevent tbe election of any senator where two should have been el-t.t Tbe consequence Is the state of Dela ware Is todsy without sny representa tive in the upper house of congress. An act of charity usually discounts an act of heroism. Tka ahaB It a naataattrf. Amateur photography Is a tad with the dbah of Persia, and he has become quite skillful la the use of tbe camera. He baa a positive mania for being taken In every conceivable attitude and dress, and bas even been photo graphed In bed. Uctrleliy for BtMtat Raada, The Swedish government has under consideration the substitution of elec tricity for steam on all the Swedish railraods, the abundance of water power in the country not only making the project feasible, but holding out promise of a great saving. For a flying enemy makes a silver bridge. THE BEST RESCLTS IN STARCHINO ran b obtained only bf utlns Deflanca Starch. bUlK Sfttln 4 os. mora for ama money r.o cooking required. Some men's minds are cumberel with useless memories. ARE VOIR CLOTHES MDtDf Use Red Croat Ball Blue and maka the? whiu again. Larga 2 ot. package, 6 ceuU. It avails little the unfortunate U be brave. Mr. Winnow l Boothia Tor children teett'M softens the ran, ""'"fft '" Stttuittlim, Uni (is. a. cures wluilaillc lieeOutua. Cupid makes the love matches and cupidity is responsible for the other brands. ' THOME WHO HAVE TRIED IT will use no other. Dcflnnce Cold "Water Btarch ha no equal in Quantity or Qual ity 1 oz. for 10 cei.ta, Other brand contain only 12 ot. The profundity of some people shows in their ignorance. I do not believe Plso't Cure for Conmsapttoa tiu uo equal lor couiibs and colds. Jons F Dotcu, Trinity Spring. Ind., Feb. 16. WOO, Chronic kickers give the world many an upward boost. WIIV IT I THE BEST Is because made by an entirely different jjrwes. Defiance Btarch la unlike any other, better and oue-lhiru mora lor 10 cents. A Woman's prematurely gray hair Is often the result of marrying a man to reform him. Stop" the Cough) and Works Off the Vohl Laxative BroujoQuintue Tablets. Price 25c Wise is the weather prophet wl0 predicts both ways. IS to 10 or a Chun re of Ratio, To purchasers of starch. Heretofore they have been paying 10 cents for 12 ouncrs of even much inferior goods to that turned out In Nebraska and known as Defiance starch. Now, how ever, tbe up-to-date housewife who has an eye to money saving, insists that her grocer shall give her Defiance. It costs less and goes farther than any other starch made. At your grocer's. Vlade by Magnetic Starch Co., Omaha. Neb. When a friend asketh, there Is no tomorrow. He who sows brambles must not go barefoot. WE HAVE HEARD OF IT BEFORE There Is no necessity for us to suffer palnsnder.dureu5elessae.anr. There Is remedy for li aches and pains for Rheumatism. Gout, Lurr.baro. Neutaieia. Sciatica. Pleurisy. Sore Mis, Stiffness, Headache, Backache, Pains In the Limbs and Pak.a In the Feet, that remedy Is St Jacobs Oil It norer fads. It acts Mce matte. Instantaneous relief from pain always Mkrwa. It haa cured thousands of cases which had been riven up as Incurable On trial will conrtnc tnf sufferer that St Jacobs Otl Conquers Pain Price, 35c and 50c SOLD BY ALL DEALERS M MKMCISa DON'X GET V7ET! THE OBWINAL SLICKED " rluow IWKFIOTKTa IN CATALOGUES FRtt SflOWINf full LINE or GARMCNTC AND HAT) AJTOWCB C0.,f0M0N.MA3&aa awjrsvl RgnalaSar DrsstsS Pomasa) Mia aSar nm prsweuwa M koth iMa aaS taaSM. Mao nut tuns aad afcie la laeaklrsv lasarlBf aSry asat let ruter. kaailf amsslBI ksto a snuktasansa. Bvarr saw at sw faatast wafrereaf. loom Ua . If rear aa&r tViat aa have KlaaU x V Bat Una, writs K nit. A M. & uwria k ton. uh ihmA Jj (asl CftHS. ttaav VNIVERSALISM Stmssiun Uaata. sat Seshaal atan m M bsbss. svaaraiss um tas. Irm w ni 1 iim t um Mrf SWfor. Ssiattertaw. Sl.atata taav ill. as Sat laaaaaaw WSsjaiawS aStSS, SS Smtat St., Ill ja, TQ 5 aPTNllSatas WstSfSMSl