SLAVERY IN THE PHILIPPINES.
4
By FRANK C.
IJav&u, Island of Mindanao, April 20.
I was offered four slaves here to Jay
for tltjr tpii dollan. They were own
ed by a. woman who claim! ehe is a
ChriKtian, and not by one of the Ma
haramcJan Moros. I went Into the
woisan'a hou? and chatted with her
for time about the human flesh on sale,
and later on persuaded her to bring the
: out In the yard that I might
make a photograph of them. Three of
tbera were boys, ranging In age from
11 to fc. The other was a girl of 12,
the age at which girls are sometimes
marred down here on the edge of the
, equator. The smallest boy had noth
ing on but a shirt, which barely reach
ed to his waist, and the other two
wore only coarse pantaloons extending
from the waist to the knees. The girl
was half naked, her only garment be
In a wide strip o fdlrty cotton wrap
ped about her waist and fastened In a
knot. I bad a photograph made with
myself standing beside her, and she
rear bed Just to my shoulder. As 1
Blood thus the slave owner thought I
wanted the girl and said "mucho bu
eno," or very good, and told me that If
I bought only her she would have to
charge me more In proportion than she
asked for the Job lot. She said the lit
tle irlrl should be worth at least $15,
and aeerned surprised when I did not
Jump aX the bargain.
I asked her where the slaves came
from. She replied that they had been
brought In from the mountains, hav
ing been captured by one of the savage
tribes In a recent war with Us neigh
bors. She said they were Aetas. or
aiind.inao Negritoes, and as I looked
tit their black skins, thick noses and
oensuous eyes 1 could see traces of
African blood. I talked with the slaves
through an Interpreter, but could not
Kt any evidence of their being ill
lined. They seemed Indifferent as to
whether they were to be sold or not,
and evidently hud no Idea that they
-ould possibly object. Had I bought
them I am told I would have had, ac
cording to the custom which prevails
In the country about here, power of
life and death over them, and that 1
could have killed them without risk of
. criminal Investigation.
4U-AVEIIT IN MINDANAO AND SULU
Slavery i common among the people
of Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago,
nd I am led to believe thai there Is
a form of debt slavery In some of the
J-tla-nds farther north. Here In Min
danao there are not only debt slaves,
but slaves by birth and by conquest. 1
liave been told at every place I have
toppvd that slavery Is common, and
that women especially are bought and
eold. All of the Moro duttoes have nu
merous stoves, and the richer of their
subject have as many as they can
support.
The Vtnayans of this Island, at least,
bave slaves, although It Is nominally
.against the Spanish law. Htill human
being are being bought and sold, and
;ven the officials have been accustomed
to own them. I met this afternoon the
x-preilente of the town of Duvao. He i
is a rich Vlsayan, who has a large
farm not far from here. He owns a
number of slaves and keeps several In
bis family as servants. 1 have been
told that the Christians seldom sell
.slaves, although they buy them, and
hat It Is common for a man to pur
ha children to bring them up to
work about the house.
Nearly all of the savages, of whom
there are many, have their slaves cap
Cured in war. It Is not an uncommon
thing to kill the men captives and to
CROWN JEWELS OF EUROPE.
The imperial family of Russia pos
esse the most valuable collection of
treckm stones of any reigning house
in the world. The treasure houses of
.Asia have given the choicest gems to
hla collection. The value of them is
Inestimable.
The finest diamond In the world, the
Orloff. la owned by the czar. It was
(bought for Catherine II by Prince OrlofT
Jn 1778 at Amsterdam, and now adorns
the acejjtcr of the czar. It cost the em
press an annuity of 4,000 roubles. In
ready money 450,000 roubles and a pat
ent of nobility. The empress of Russia
wears the npxt largest diamond In the
world, and alio owns the finest emer
alds. The Jewels In the possession of the
Oreek church are worth more than the
olleclions of all the crowned heads of
Europe. The church has been accu
mulating these treasures for many
yemxn. The figures and pictures as well
mm tbe tKly books In the Greek churches
aue studded with gem of Immense
value, and tbe church plate is so costly
thai It Is impossible to estimate It
value.
The flnwrt pearl necklace In the world
la owned by th Countess llenckel, and,
constats f three famous necklaces com
bined. It is valued at half a million
lolls.ru. One of the necklaces formerly
belonged to the ex-Queen of Naples, an
other adorned the Virgin of Alakha.
AniAher beautiful pearl necklace is
owned wy the Duchess f Cumberland,
It formerly belonged to the crown Jew
ess of Hanover. It Is a string of penrls
Ix feet In length, all exactly matched
In shape. z and color.
One wf the finest collections of pearls
known Is ttiat ot the Queen of Italy. It
Is so targe that she cannot wear all of
the re we be owns, and as they lose
their entor if not always In the light
gases ef t-hem adorn her dadies la wait
CARPENTER.
makes slaves of the women and chil
dren. In four trlb-s which Inhabit the
mountains near here slaves are said to
be used for human sacrifices. These
tribes are the IJagobas, Aetas, Guian
gus and Tagacolas, who live on or near
the slopes of Mount Apo. I have seen
much of the IJagobas and the Guian
gas In Davao and will describe them
more fully hereafter.
The Chinese merchants who do most
of the business in the smaller towriB of
the Philippines usually own one or more
women whom they have bought. They
do not marry them, but treat them well
as wives, taking good care of their
children.
The chief slave owners, however, are
the moros. They have the right to
slaves by their religion and have held
them for centuries. In the past they
have carried on a great business in
kidnaping men, women and children
and taking them to Borneo and else
where for sale. There are white men
still living. who have been Moro slaves,
having been captured by the Moros in
their wars with the Spaniards. Accord
ing to the Moro laws the father has
the right to sell his children. He can
sell his wife, and it he gets Into debt
he can sell himself to pay It. The debts
of fathers entail the slavery of the
children, who agree to work for their
creditors until the debt is paid.
Dean Worcester, one of the commis
sioners sent by the president to ex
amine into the Philippines, quotes the
prices of Moro slaves in the Island of
Tawl Tawl at fifteen bushels of rice,
and states that he was offered a girl
of 15 for $3. My investigations are
that these prices are too low. Some
of the slaves 1 have seen here are es
timated as high as $20 In gold, and $10
is thought to be very little for a grown
up woman.
Captain Hagadorn told me that he
bought a slave girl for twenty Mex
ican dollars and gave her her freedom.
It was a case of sentiment on the part
of the captain. It Is said that "all the
world loves a lover," and this is especi
ally so when the lover Is of the femin
ine gender. This slave girl was In love
with a young man of the village, but
the man was poor, and as her master
was needing money, he was about to
sell the girl to a hated rival, an old
Moro. The girl said she would rather
die than serve him. Captain Haga
dorn's heart was touched. He bought
her and made her free, and she has
since married the lover of her choice.
The Idea that love does not exist
among the slaves of the Moros Is a
mistake. Cupid does not restrict his
darts to any race, color or condition of
servitude, and even the sultan of Sulu
is powerless to restrain him. The sul
tan has, you know, the right of life
and death over all his subjects. They
are really his slaves. He commands
them and they obey. He has the right
to seize any of the women, and he has
a goodly number of slave girls in his
harem. Not long ago a female slave
connected with his household fell In
love with one of his warriors. She was
neither wife nor concubine, but merely
a servant of the harem, and the war
rior asked his majesty that she be
given him as a wife. The sultan refus
ed, and the two ran away and got mar
ried. They were captured and brought
back, and the sultan then said that the
man mu.t die. The girl thereupon
threw herself at the feet of the sultan
anil begged that she be allowed to die
with her lover. The sultan consented
and the same campllan sliced off the
two heads.
ing. The King of Italy gave his wife
a row of these pearls on the birth of
their son, and every year since has add
ed a fresh row, as the crown prince Is
now 30 years old, the value of this col
lection can be readily Imagined.
Many of the precious stones now own
ed by Queen Victoria formerly belonged
to Indian princes. The famous Kohl
noor came Into her possession on the
annexation of the Punjuab In 1849. This
stone can be traced with accuracy to
the year 1304, when It was acquired by
the Sultan Aladdin from the Rajah
Malwa, In whose family It had been
for many generations. In 1520 It passed
by conquest to Humaimu, the son of
the Sultan Babu, and later was used as
the eye of a peacock In the marvelous
peacock throne of Aurungebe.
One of the rarest gems In Queen Vlc
torla'B collection Is a green diamond o(
marvelous beauty. It has never been
set. She owns three crowns. The
most artistic one, which was made over
forty years ago, is of gold, literally cov
ered with diamonds. It Is composed of
2,763 white diamonds and 529 rubles, be
sides many smaller stones. Before this
crown was made the queen wore a gokJ
band studded with precious stones.
THE ROUND AND THR SQUARE.
The large, imposing woman founi
her husband In the last saloon but one
"Well, I've rounded you up at last!'
she hissed.
"Oh, I can square mysplf all right!"
exclaimed the man, with a thin affec
tation of nonchalance.
He even affected to laugh, which ren
dered him a more pitiful spectacle than
ever. Detroit Journal.
Rev. Charles M. Sheldon of Topeka,
who Is now In Great Britain, Is In great
demand there as a preacher aj,i
speaker.
MECKLENBERG DECLARATION
OF INDEPENDENCE.
Charlotte, N. C, has Just been cele
'jiatiiig the 125th anniversary of the
signing of the Mecklenburg declaration
tl independence. This famous docu
ment preceded by many months the
ne drawn up at Philadelphia, and In
or.sequence U the first formal expres
sion against England formulated by
the colonies. The old log court-house
in which the band of resolute men met
to assert their rights and the rights of
their fellow citizens tl.(-n, stood, in
Independence Square, and the site Is
marked by a heavy iron plate recording
the fact.
Charlotte Is proud of Its distinction,
and its school children are told again
and again of the daring of the fore
lathers which started them on the road
to citizenship in an American republic.
It was these Mecklenburg resolutions,
framed May 20, 1775, that Jefferson de
nied ever having heard of. John Ad
ams also pleaded Ignorance of them.
The latter wrote of them to William
Bentley in August, 1819: "I was on
social friendly terms with Caswell,
Hooper and Howes, delegates from
North Carolina to the continental con
gress every moment of their existence
in congress; with Hooper, a Bostonlan,
a son of Harvard, intimate and famil
iar, yt-t from neither of them did the
slightest hint of these resolutions ever
escape." To Jefferson he wrote: "You
know that if I had possessed such a
paper I would have made the walls of
congress echo and re-echo with It fif
teen months before your Declaration
of Independence."
In spite of this lack of knowledge of
these Important writings on the part of
eminent statesmen close to the stirring
days of the revolution, the document
did exist, and it is due to the legislature
of North Caroljna that It was ferreted
out. The committee appointed by It
for the purpose eventually got trace of
an abridged copy of the original reso
lution. Peter Force, compiling his
American archives, was another Instru
ment in making their existence known,
and In 1847 Dr. Joseph Johnson found
the set Intact In the South Carolina Ga
zette of June, 1775, and George Ban
croft afterward found them capled in
the state papers office of Lendon.
The remarkable point In connection
with these resolutions is that North
Carolina, remote from the Boston tea
party and one month away from news
of the battle of Iexlngton, took It upon
Itself to openly assert Its scorn of Brit
ish rule. The night preceding the sign
ing wa san anxious one for the general
committee gathered In the little log
house perched upon stilts. The crowd
outside waited patiently for results. It
know Abrlham Alexander had called
the meeting to order and that Dr. Eph-
ralm Bevard was clerk. Rev. H. J.
Balch, accustomed to writing, was nam
ed to draw up resolutions, and he had
for assistant William Kennon. The
crowd never deserted the square. All
night It stood within call of the narrow
3oor. Knowing neither fatigue nor hun
ger, It hailed with a mighty shout the
announcement that the final word had
been agreed to.
The news came at 2 o'clock In the
morning. The resolutions were Imme
diately read to the excited throng out
side. They were as follows:
"Resolved, That whosoever directly or
Indirectly abets, or In any way, form
or manner, countenances the Invasion
GIRL ELOPES WITH A PAINTER.
Fltchburg, Mass. (Special.) One
would have thought that William F,
Ruderhan was handicapped for win.
nlng the love of a society girl. He was
In overalls and they were spattered
with paint. So were his shoes. There
were specks of paint even in his hair
and moustache. He was painting her
father's house.
Miss Alice N. Snow was the daughtet
of Charles W. Snow, paying teller ot
the Boylston National bank, Boston.
The family home Is at Newton. In sum.
mer they occupy a house at Rlndge,
N. H. It was there two summers ago
that this romance of the ladder and
scaffold had Its beginning.
The daughter of the house looked up
from her books and flowers to see a
paint-bespattered man whipping . his
brush to and fro over the window
frame. She bade him "good morning,"
and noticed that he blushed as he re
turned the salutation.
Conversation strengthened these Im
pressions. Miss Snow discovered that
the young painter had mental gifts. He
knew nothing about her little world of
society, but a great deal about the big
world of which hers, ahe now saw, wi
an Insignificant part.
Thev fell In love. When Mr .and
Mrs. Snow learned of thli they hurried
their daughter back to Newton. Ru
derhan went there, too. ' He and Miss
Snow had many clandestine meetings.
Once or twice he made bold to call at
the house, but was not cordially re
ceived. On the last of these occasions
he proposed formally for the hand ot
hi! sweetheart.
"Never!" said Mr. Snow, and "Nev.
erf he repeated to his daughter, and
Never, never, never!" reiterated Mrs.
Snow with all the emphasis that nn
angry mother could weight the word
withal.
Ruderhan continued to communicate
With hli sweetheart as often ai he
could and struggled hard to Improve
his condition. He came to Fltchburg a
of our rights as attempted by the par
liament of Great Britain, is an enemy
to his country, to America and to the
rights of men.
"Resolved, That we, the citizens of
of Mecklenburg county, do hereby dis
solve the political bonds which have
conected u with the mother country,
and absolve ourselves from all allegi
ance to the British crown, abjuring all
political connections with a nation that
has wantonly trampled our rights and
liberties and inhumanly shed the in
nocent blood of Americans at Lexing
ton. , ,
"Resolved, That we do hereby declare
ourselves a free and independent peo.
pie; that we are and of right ought to
be a sovereign and self-governing peo
ple, under the power of God and the
general congress; to the maintenance
of which we solemnly pledge to each
other our mutual co-operation, our lives
our fortunes and our most sacred honor.
"Resolved, That we do hereby ordain
and adopt as rules of conduct all and
each of our former laws, and the crown
of Great Britain cannot be considered
hereafter as holding any rights, privi
leges or immunities among us.
"Resolved, That all officers, both civil
and military. In this country, be enti
tled to exercise the same powers and
authorities as heretofore; that every
member of the delegation shall hence
forth, be a civil officer and exercise the
powers of Justice of the peace, issue
process of law and determine contro
versies according to law, preserve peace
union and harmony In the country, and
use every exertion to spread the love
of liberty and of country until a more
general and bette rorganlzed system
of government be established.
"Resolved, That a copy of these reso
lutions be transmitted by express to
the president of the continental con
greps, assembled in Philadelphia, to be
laid before that body."
In quaint letterings after these come
the names of the signers, Abraham Al
exander, Thomas Polk, David Reese,
John Pflfer, Adam Alexander, William
Graham, Robert Harris, James Harris,
Era Alexander, Richard Barry, John
Davidson, John K. Alexander, Henry
Downs, Nelll Morrison, Charles Alex
ander, Walghtslde Avery and Benjamin
Pat ton.
It is to these signers that Charlotte
this year raises an imposing monument.
It is to the men whose signatures Btood
for the demands of a people bound to
be free that a beautiful granite shaft
has been reared. A bronze plate on one
side shows the list of these names,
Above the plate Is a large hornet's nest,
the county emblem, typical of Its unrest
during the period of the revolution,
The monument has been put on historic
ground, being on the spot once occupied
by Queen's college, the first in the
United States. In this ground also the
bodies of many of Cornwallls' soldiers
found a resting place after their en
counters with the patriots. All the
military companies of the state joined
In the unveiling ceremonies on May 20
for, as all of North Carolina was In
terested In the framing of the heroic
resolutions of more than a century ago,
so al lof North Carolina rejoices in the
honrs paid the men who stood for lib
erty and the right to make a standard
under which all should live free and
equal.
year ago. At first he continued to
work as a painter. Then, thinking that
a business experience might open tho
way to wider field, he became a clerk
In a grocer's store. Afterward he en
tered H. C. Deane's machine shop, but
his wages were only $ a week.
Impatient of further delay the lov.
ers a few days ago planned an elope,
ment.
One day Mr. Snow went to his Bos.
ton bank, leaving Mrs. Snow In charge
of the house. Not long after Ruderhan
drove up in a hack.
When "ne essayed to enter the house
he was met by Mrs. Snow, who warned
her daughter not to leave the house.
For the time being there was a dead
lock. Then the two women went up
stairs, and It Is understood that the
mother locked the daughter in a room.
She managed to escape, and In a few
minutes came rushing out of the back
door, jumped Into the hack, the driver
whipped up his horses and "they were
soon being driven hurriedly away.
Jt was at first planned to take a
train for Boston. But the thought of
possibly encountering Mr. Snow caused
the lovers to change their plans. They
went by trolley to Waltham, wher
they took a train for this city and went
to No. 4 Wlnster street, the home of
Herbert D. Wellington, where Mr. Ru
derhan had a room.
A messenger was sent for the Rev.
W. O. Conrad and In a few minutes the
ceremony was performed.
Mr. and Mrs. Snow reconciled them
selves to the Inevitable and extended s
blessing to the young people, They will
The consecration of the Rev. Dr.
Henry Granjou as bishop of Tucson,
Ariz., will take place In Baltimore soon
Cardinal Gibbons will be the conse
crating prelate. Bishop-elect Granjou
was selected by the pope to succeed
Bishop Bourgade In the see of Tucson,
Bishop Bourgade having been promoted
to the archbishopric of Santa Fe.
THE BOXER TROUBLE IN CHINA.
BY A CHRISTIANIZED CHINAMAN.
Ann Arbor, Mich. (Special.) A Chi
nese student at the University of Mich
igan, S. C. Yin, has wiltten, from the
native standpoint, his view of the pres
ent crisis in China. Yin is a bright,
intelligent Chinese and is manifestly
familiar with the hstory and condtions
in his far-away country. He says:
There seems to be no doubt that the
present trouble in China in connection
with the Boxers movement occupies
more of the world's attention than even
the South African war. The trouble in
China, however, is not a surprising one,
for the intelligent Chinese themselves
have fully expected such an outbreak
after the unfortunate coup d'etat In
which the young emperor was dethron
ed and the dowager empress regained
power.
The landing of German troops at
Shang-tung and the occupation of
Kleu-Chow bay by the Germans ac
counts for the first existence of the
present Boxers society. It must be ad
mitted that the Chinese are remarkable
for organizing secret societies, but it
is equally true that secret societies in
China do not live long, and they are
formed simply on the demand of the
people for self-defense or mutual bene
fit. Being human beings, the Chinese
cannot tolerate gross Injustice or injury
to their person and property, and it was
from the injury of these poor people
jf Shangtung and its neighborhood suf
fered at the hands of the new invaders
that a new society was formed with
the avowed object of revenge.
Without regarding the right or Inter
est of the eople in the vicinity of Kiau
Chow bay, our new Teutonic invaders
determined to have everything accord
ing to their own way. Troops were to
be stationed; the soldiers were to have
drinks from the breweries of Bremen;
they were to haye a good time at least
once a week to wipe off that gloomy
spirit of being so far away from home.
Railroads had to be built, but no money
or compensation of whatever descrip
tion was to be given to the titled own
ers of the land through which rail
way tracks passed.
Shangtung is rich in mineral re
sources, but poor in agriculture. Every
Inch of ground is cultivated. The sur
face of the soil having been used for
aultlvation from time Immemorial, the
poor farmer has to try his best to get
manure for his farms in order that he
ind his dear ones at home may nave a
morsel to save them from starvation.
Every foot of ground counts; the loss
ot an inch of land available for rais
ing crops means the loss of a handful of
rice that can serve for one meal to that
farmer's little boy. These railroad
tracks, the sign of Christian civilla
tlon, devastated hundreds and hun
dreds of acres of land without giving
the sufferers the slightest consideration.
Sunday comes. The soldiers are enti
tled to have a time. They must not be
Jeprived of having a "happy good Jully"
with the fair sex as they used to have
at home. The native women may not
exactly suit their fancy, but still they
are better than none. Drunkenness,
debauchery, wholesale oppression brings
the people to their sense that if they
are sons of man they have to stand up
for defense. Complaints are now laid i
before the German authorities and find
their way to the pigeon holes. One or
two cases might be called up, but of
what avail? It is a case between the
conqueror and the conquered.
The Chinese regard all those who do
not wear queues the same as they do
foreigners. To them there Is just one
class of foreigners, namely, those who
do not wear long hair. Germans, Eng
lish, Americans and all are classified
under this head.
It Is hardly necessary to mention
that the common people of China are
not able to distinguish an American
TYPHOID AND
Of all the maladies which beset the
modern soldier, typhoid fever Is the
worst. The duty of seeking how best to
exclude from camps this dreaded visitor
has long been recognized by the med
ical students of military establish
ments. Two English surgeons. Prof.
A. E. Wright and Major Leishman of
the Army Medical School at Netley,
now believe that they have found the
means for waging a more successful
fight against it than was ever before
possible.
These surgeons are hopeful that vac
cination, an innovation in treating ty
phoid, may be used advantageously
against It. In support of this theory
they report a series of experiments
made with British soldiers in India.
There were selected for inoculation
2,835 men, of whom 27 were afterward
attacked by the fever. The percentage
of cases was less than 1 per cent of
the number vaccinated. Among 6,640
unvacclnated troops that were under
observation 213 cases occurred, or fully
2 per cent.
These figures are not conclusive. A
still larger number of Inoculations
might show different results. At best
the statistics Indicate not that absolute
immunity can be secured, but that
vaccination In the manner prescribed
may lessen the chances of an attack.
Hut, while It would be premature to
assume that a complete demonstration
has been afforded of the efficacy of the
treatment in question, some of the med-
ical journals point out several disad
vantages under which the experiments
were conducted such as the difficulty
of obtaining a supply of vaccine and of
preset vlng It thus suggesting tbe poa-
from a German or a German from a
Russian. The only thing they know la
that they have suffered wrongs at th
hands of the foreigners and these
wrongs have to be redressed. The so
ciety of Boxers or rather its predeces
sor was organized under the name of
"Io-Ho-Chun," meaning society of
righteousness and harmony. The word;
chun literally means "fist," but here it
Is used in a differense sense, and a too
dogmatic translation would render the
word meaningless. The society is also
known as "The Tai-Tau-Hoe" the Big
Sword society. This name is undoubt
edly given to it by the outsiders and!
not by the society itself. Such a nam
is 'Big Sword' is of common occurrence
among the different organiations whose
end has to be accomplished by force.
More than thirty years ago there wan
quite a disturbance in Southern Chins,
caused by a secret society known asr
the Small Sword society. A name aa
such is certainly vulgar and must be
regarded as having no particular mean
lng attached to it indicating the aims
of the society.
From the neighborhood of Saangtnas
this hostile spirit against the foreigners)
spread north and west till It reached
the present seats of trouble. One fact,
is worth remembering, and that is that
hostile spirit was primarily against the
Germans only, but the people being ig
norant of the particular nationality ta
which a certain foreigner belongs, hos
tile acts were done to the British as
well as to any other nationality.
There is another important factor
which has added to the cause of toe
present trouble. It is too sad for u
to mention, but it is too grave for u
to omit. I mean the indiscreet acts of
some of the missionaries. The Chinese
government, like all other governments,,
hates to see people of other nations dic
tating to her what action she can oe
cannot take in dealing with her ownr
people, although the latter may hava
accepted the Christian faith. Through
a careless Investigation before adnxit-
t rur cm man t , hs ( V, , 1 r-( h a man fT
notorious character, and to the persist
ent objection of allowing him to be
handed over to the native authorities
to be dealt with as is deserved, the hat
red of many Chinese communities)'
against the missionary body is greaOy
intensifled. We do not propose to ques
tion the right of the missionaries In,
protecting their converts, but we do-'
doubt the wisdom of the apostles to.
act In such a way as to incur unnec
essary enmity .of the natives for th
mere sake of defending men who are;
deserving of punishment in any com
munity. under whatever government.
Another cause of the trouble arise
from a misunderstanding of the good)
will of the medical missionaries. In
deed, a European doctor commands the
profoundest respect such as no other
missionaries can expect to have from
the Chinese people, rich and poor alike.
And yet there has been a constant un
kind feeling towards a medical man In.
the fact that numerous ridiculous re
ports have been spread among the peo
ple bringing forth to show them that
these medical missionaries are charged
with offensive missions, such aa gath
ering the hearts of human beings to he
sent home to the scientific institution
for researcn work. The Chinese being),
superstitious to the extreme, and beinsr
strongly prejudiced against the mutila
tion of the dead body, easily submit
themselves as victims of such absurd
reports.
Bishop Potter, in a speech at
commencement exercises in New York,
told his audience that during the first
two years of his ministry he kept Sv
saddle horse on a salary of $000 a year
by doing the grooming himself.
THE SOLDIERS.
4.
t slbility that under other conditions the
showing might be more favorable.
The vaccine matter used In the anti
typhoid experiments was prepared in
accordance with the second of Haff
klne's methods. Cultures of the microbe
were made, with the object of taming;
them gradually, and then they were
killed by raising the fluid in which they
were contained to a temperature of r
centigrade, or 140 Fahrenheit. One per
cent of lysol was added to assist in
preserving the fluid. The amount used:
for Inoculation was from .5 to .75 cubic
centimeter. A slight disturbance of the
system followed this treatment, but not
enough to amount to real sickness.
Further evidence that some effect- bad
been produced was found upon exam
ination of the blood. In what Is knewn
to the profession as "Wldal's test the
admixture of a drop of the patient's
blood with a drop of fluid containing
typhoid germs the same result would
be attained, the paralysis and clotting,
of the germs.
The president has pardoned i
serving a five-year sentence in the
Georgia penitentiary for sending ob
scene lettrs through the malls. He wag
convicted on the evidence of handwrit
ing experts. Now another man has
been found guilty by the same experts
with the aid of other evidence to have
been the guilty one.
Pittuburg Chronicle: "No, Mr. Home
wood," said Miss Beachwood, firmly
but kindly, "I cannot be your wife, but
I will be a sister to you." "Very weil,
said tne young man. resignedly, "wis)
you assume my name or shall I
yours."
