ENGINEERS DAMMING THE NILE.
Cairo, Egypt. especial Correspond
nee. i- Engiaad in hi lilt-vim? th niifiht-
iest engineering feat of lis sort cvei
itu-nipitrd in dam mint; the Nik-. There
re. two ways of regarding this siu
nendous phenomenon. Fn.-t, there is
.he British way. The Nile, harnessed
irxl made docile, will injure thousands
-f British, subjects against famine.
well enonnoui-ly Egypt's produce ari l
out Isold in B: Rain's coffers. The niiiuls
ii the "unprogrossive" natives, mad - to
toil for England's eiin. will be fired to
quicker intelligent e bv i .miai t wlih
me sen r.c-
-f ; of modern fii":itl i i:;g. Anl
H. monument t.i British skill will be y.t
up h re it will rival U:e p.-iamid.- i.i
onjcr
lm.cf-1 the British point to the a.". -
'-sii'iran tuiu' s t-:iiii 's. as in
symbol of sovereignty, the figures oi
io na.rat men bint inn- n er.
river with strong ropes-and sty, "B.
!ild the prophecy! The strong m.-n
who bind the river are Lord Kitchener,
ieiural, and Lord Cromer, engineer."
For to these two men is due the dam
ming cf the Nile.
Tradition lovers, on the other lu;iid
lire aid to grow sentimeiii.il in pioti-.-".-'ng
against what they consider ieono
tlasm. For the mammoth engineering
Scheme has doomed, first uf ail, Pnilao,
i.he loveliest spot In Egypt.
Philae la an island and must be sunk
beneath the Hood. The river will over
flow the temple of Isis. swamp the tem
ple of Mathor, the Koman arch buiit
n Diocletian's time and the rock of
Konosso, bearing Its sculptured stories
carved 4,KH years ago.
Palm groves and broad plateaux hav.:
had to give way to railroads, mounds of
masonry, engineering apparatus and
half-demolished rocks. The quiet of the
land of th lotus eaters is destroyed by
the shrieks of engines and the lotus
eaters' descendants are forced to toil
for the British six days in the week
and give up the seventh to the British
tiabbath.
But the English engineers insist that
their work is one of the greatest of
modern marvels, teat dams are hem
built at two spots on the Nile Assiout I
and Assouan. Ancient canals are 1. -ing
restored, ancient slui.-es rebuilt.
Water that now runs waste into the I
ueuiiei ranean win oe guarucii m tie. i n
reservoirs until the surroundint; land'sl
shall enjoy a fertility it has not known j
in auw year. ....
i ie water supply or tnrv Kgvnt
wiir he more than doubled in
e'llini
millions of unused acres a ill in
over to cultivation, and in a few
givt
the British public will bein to see ihi
return of the bread it so l.i ishl;' cast
on the waters o,f the Nile.
It was only last spring that more
than $50,0011, tfiO was advanc.-d at three
hours' notice, and without recuriiy. to
the contractors having this great work
in hand.
The largest re iervoir is near Ass u
an. There is a tremendous cataract
here which the British are busily en
gaged in subduing. This done they
will fill up and divert the torrent and
crown their efforts with a granite via
duct 70 feet high on a:i average, but in
Borne places double thiC elevation.
Along the top will be a broad roadway.
AH this is not being aeoompiiKrvil
without a deal of nemmolion. and the
sounds cf locomotives, steam cranes.
Talk About Women.
Mrs. Karl Strakosch. or.ee famous in
the musical world as Clara Louise Kel
logg, is now making ht r permanent
home in New Hartford, Conn,
Both the daught"rs of tfenatoi Mason
of Illinois. Miss Ethel, aged ti. and
Miss Ruth, aged 21. are students in a
Washineton law school.
Yonkers, N. Y.. has chosen a woman j much capital invested in such enter
as sanitary inspector. he Is Mrs. J. i prises.
Van Wagner, a trained nurse, who won : The employes of the Boston & Main
from two competitors aftir passing the ! railroad are to receive their pay every
civil service examination. The citizens) two weeks. Instead of monthly, as has
here that spitting in public convey- ! been the custom for several years. Th
atict is now to be Mrcped, it nothing j change was made with the new year,
else. A I'ittsburg company is now engaged
Miss Anna Klumpke. the legatee of
the will of the late Rosa Honheur. will
herself become a patron of the arts and
h3 decided. to set aside from her in
heritance a sum sufficient to maintain
an annual prize of $:;oo for the best
panning by any artist not yet rewarded
ty the French salon.
MiM Elizabeth Carnes. teacher of
physical culture In the Detroit public
schools, wants the teachers to discard
the use of corsets and wishes she hod
thi authority to make them do so,
he is going east. It is said, to consult
with Mrs. Richard Harding Davis, who
43 r( ported as being interested in the
ante corset movement.
Lady Francis Cook, who was Miss
Tennic Claflin of Brooklyn and a sister
of Victoria Woodhull, contemplates es
tablishing an institution where young
women may study art. finding at the
name time a home with congenial sur
roundings and a protection from some
of the dangers which usually threaten
women art students.
Many of the handsomest umbrellas
have long mother-of-pearl handles with
Bold or silver trimmings. There is a
" FRILLS OF FASHION.
Hardly anything is too fine in the way
sf linen and laces for the table now
adays. Centerpieces . and individual
doylies are made of the finest linen
lawn and trimmed with beautiful Brus
sels point, point de Venice and point
de Bruges.
For pretty midwinter gowns for deb
utantes afternoon wear are charming
models of Scotch blue-bell cloth, re
lieved with white vicuna, or finest cam
el's hair accessories, finished with lit
tle button loops of gold braid and tiny
gold buttons.
Glace groves, In tan, mouse gray and
dark red. In heavy silk stitching, either
in black or Its own colors, and of win
ter weight, are the preferred street
gloves for dally wear. The suede and
'very soft, pliable dressed gants. In
'white, delicate pearl and mauve tints,
lead In favor for full-dress uses.
A handsome and becoming style of
Jresa hat Is In toque shape made of
Lyons velvet In pansy color, Russian
green or dark ruby red, with a brim of
table fur and a steading trimming of
real lace and sable tails and a cluster
f pink crush roses set at one side
, tnd partly falling on the hair.
It Is hardly to be believed, but the
-Id-fashioned jersey waist Is In again,
(t looks very familiar and the styles
Utve changed so that It comes In In
much the same shape that It went out.
!t Is made in a abort, pointed basque,
jraided with a standing collar and, of
iourse, the same old plain-topped sleeve
which it showed when last on view.
A heliotrope gown with a plain cloth
Iklrt has a double-breasted Jacket of
rtlvet to match. There Is a collar and
apels of chinchilla to this coat also.
Che lapels, however, only reach to the
twt line, Isavlns; a pointed vest and
Itralght choker Inside. This Is made
nry attractive with steel embroidery,
trhlch matches the double row of steel
rattoM.
smiths' forr s nitre--::!vcerlt:e :
pl-soons eont.nu" i:nint -. : u-; i. Sev
en thou.-and no n ur employ 1 and t; .
w-irk is cartl'.d on Light and i!ay. U hfii
th-; moon in hi.JJeit it:s ii e u la&?i.
by electric light. Tr.o grants wall wii.
it Is believed, he high cnouih whet,
completed, to be safe above Hie fie re eat
Nile flood.
Two hundred miles down the river is
the subsidiary reservoir, at Assiout,
where 11, IV) men are employed. Tin:
uoik is only one-fourth do: -, y-:-t con
side! ablv mo!" than a million dollars
tas been sne-u Th i .m will hold u:,
! more than t-n feet of wan-, f-.-.t l iv. i
I h-re bvinsr more than a half mil.- wld
Thre will be 111 aicho or -jeiiiius
! .-ach fifteen 1-"t wide, til pi" v: i-l w.th
f s:ui: -.-. open to allow tr..- mud Jy
;C. water fne v-r.t. tor vl-r Mond
iii,:.. m..;t i....
Hi Irti!.::ifi; pr
,.-liles. Th-re will I).
rial, with Kat.-.-, for ti.
i xiensive Hade that g
x ravi'MOle ta
pa.ssjie of the
.s u;i ami down
the river.
Now and then, in s-.it f the tr-m.-ndous
Abyssinian sno.v mountains
whi' h hel; to swell the volum of the
Nile, the overlow of the gnat rive:
fails, as happened last rpring.
The earliest record of such a tilsap
pointment is fi.ijuil : .-ar:i old and la en
graved on the walls near the catara.i
of Assouan.
Again, in the time of Jos 'ph, the
overflow failed, as the nible records,
and famine followed. . This y-ar, h"
catiK of the enitini erln'? already ai
cnmplished at Assiout and the strenu
ous exertions of the irrl"ation depart
ment, th,, hitherto unavoidable seque'
of the failure to overflow famine was
averted.
These two mammoth reservoirs, each
with its system of canals, weirs and
dams, represent only two-thirds of thr
great work whose object Is to fertilize
Kgypt. The remaining one-third is the
Cairo barrage, the idoneer of ail Nik
dams. ,
The barrare i" rr.oie than a mil' In
U ngth. a handsome peved roadway
i with emtxitiied walls. Slimes stem th-
urrent and hold up at the pro'ier Ke.i
o a wall of water twenty to thirty
t high. I he manipulation t ties.,
ices i so dever that a h:'d by
vi:.g a lever i an regulate a i!ia.s id
1 support:)'.:? the i,i-f.su!v of thi-
Tio- idea cf this barrage is dt.e ft
i v, ,. o,.. i.-,.v-.,
in lTi'ti saw unii pointed on! that where
the t ranches of the Nile part to form
the n,.ta was the spot to erect a bar
rier which should ini 'ate, by ralMHB
the h-vel of the river, the low lilll'i.l be
tween the arms.
Since then one ruler after another ha;
tried to carry out Napoleon's Idea. Tin
great structure, faultily built, was rap
idly suffering luin until in Lord
Duffelln advised the work r.ow being
carried out.
This dam does more to uphold Brit
ain in Egypt than ten regiments of red
coated soldiers.
As it stands the barrage Is the most
oisiiiil'-d, useful anil picture!-oue er.gi
lieertnjr work In the wi Id. Kvei
means Is offered to travels to ,et in
adequate view of this beautiful stiur--une,
with its slim towers and embat
tled gates, spanning the historic Nile
Labor and Industry.
Within a year eight beet rugar fac
tories have been built In Michigan.
The City of I'ittiiburg is to manufac
ture Its own patrol wagons, hose car
riages, buggies and other equipment.
Never in the history of North Caro
lina have so many charters for cottor
mills been taken out as in IW, nor si
in an order for fitting up the palace o!
the Mikado in Japan with everything
in the bath and sanitary lines. Ship
ments have also been made to Austra
lia, Fouth America. China and Japan.
A recent report by the bureau of sta
tistics in New Jersey shows that trior',
than $20.0o,MiO of capital Is now Invest
ed in the silk industry in that state
giving employment to over ati.ooo per
sons, who received in wages last yeai
tl0.8.'i0.TX8.
A Minnesota woman has designed a
fire escape apparatus which lowers per
sons automatically, having a pair ol
breeches suspended on the rope, tht
latter being wound on a drum, with a
governing device which applies a brake
when the drum revolves too fast.
Hamburg, Germany's greatest sea
port, adopted the American overhead
trolley system for street can and tht
Improvement is extending throughout
Germany. In many cities the horst i
car lines aie being converted Into elec
trie lines and more than eighty oltiet
are now supplied with them
The Glass trust will have a hard
time to freese out the three po-ojwra
tlve factories at Marshall, Ind. Thev
are making arrangements, if there It
another cut In prices, to reduce theli
market money from $20 to $10 a week
They declare they will work for market
money alone If the trust reduces thf
price that low.
Costa Rica now Imports merchandise
to the extent of over 4,000,000 a yeai
and of this amount the percentage from
the United States has recently increas
ed from 45 to 67. The most important
imports from this country are flour
machinery, oils, wire fencing. Iron
pipe and furniture. The call for cotton
prints and drills is increasing.
American factories have manufactur
ed 2.473 locomotives this year, the
largest number they ever turned out In
one year and 59H more than 'were made
in 1898. More than 25 per cent of the
number, or BJ4, were made for rail
road companies In other countries
Large aa the output was and It was
fully equal to the capacity of the works
it waa little or no more than sufficient
to retrace those that were worn out
and discarded. There are about 27,000
locomotives In the United State. If
the average life of a locomotive Is flf
teen years It would take about 2,506
new locomotives annually to keep the
number In use up to the present figure,
PERSONAL AND OTHKRWI8K.
We are up against another ktckin
spell. The geographical board Insists
that It should be spelled Puerto Rico.
Down In Bt. Louis an industrious
burglar threw up his Job and fled at
h sight of a newspaper ireporter.
Naturally. People who work In the
dark have a wholesome fear of a
searchlight.
A New Jersey patriot Is organising a
brigade of 600 cats for service in the
Philippines. Notwithstanding sneers
to the contrary, New Jersey is keeping
step to the music of the administration.
miOUT IC T 1 T II I7 l song-e nter is .Mm I.'-jwcrd Payne, lb
1 11UU1 JU 1 J. V II 1,3, writer cf "Home, Sv..-t Home. ' whos
I'itl.FiT IS PATIKNX'K. I
!: An! Cite. Cai 'i'heie ure .tne
ne ,.ly ma le biillii naires out her It,
the (outhwest who lis nowadan the
talk o feve.-y mi.-.ii.y camp of the tcr-I'I-im-
i a.-.u the t acitic coast, land
i . e uoi.icventi-nt of riches in the ;ast
few ; at? are Illustrations of the ,ii
uer.'i.l char.aes thu the whirligig of
tofturie 1.1,'igs t- tr.e.t w here tteaJlli is
dog from the earth. The recent ex
l.ae ii.-j-. .;, rite in tr.e value of cot per
s Making half a t,z. n men in Arixona
m.iii.i.iui.'es, and twke as many men
who v, e: - suuggih. with inurtg.ige
diht.i and a Blow On. and f,,r cf.r.nei- at
low r.t t " few i agu are gettait,
Ir.to the :-"veiu '-hui.J:1. i-thousand-dol-li-r
roltunri.
r r icMiince, t.f re is Jacob Kliner,
wi-.o p a t ,p;-er a r: i g , 1 king of Aii
;. :... i,.i:d j;.ra, ...( x. After twer.iy-f-;ur
y a.r.: of aii i.ianner of advert ty,
1 -.ti-.Mit, piadd-.rig h;a;ch for luck Iti
pio;;. c:s. a:.d titer a tremendous lot
of er.dur. r.: e in hi at and cold, he in
enjoying an in o-ue of about $U6;
month ar.d owns property that he
sen .iiniosi any nay lor about ll.Iijo.v.iij.
He was bom in lytiban. l'russia, foity
six yfais at-. and came to America
with Ji in his pocket. He was employ
od in a New York brewery for two
years at 7'J c -nts a day. Having a friend
at 'fiicsim Anz.. he came west In 1S7S
to do anything he could to keep alive.
He riaa boon a ho: tier for the Arizona
Stage comiany, a c.uard for Wilis,
Fargo & Co., and a lailroud brakeman.
Aio::g with thousands of other moil
Jake Kliner became a mining prospec
tor. 1j h- a mining prospector In the
nriet ronsf of the words one must have
rupr. ni" pat:e:v abnormal hope and
conSOm t; urllavging zeal, and a
wealth of rnt'iuxiasm. Jake Kliner
stuck to prorpi ctlng year in and year
was ilr
l;nw ni-::' a:
for,'- Fa id he r.
f vi i y mot;rt!:ir
way from Kl
i:..i in. X. M
yi ai s before I ev-n
of rock l hud to loci:
Inly. He tramped over
n t fie i. rntory, all the
as i to Colorado, front
l,."S' k to Albu'im i cjuc
to Yuma, fioin Mii
Juke Kliner mil h;
::!ff were kiittwn all
u. d Khmr's pei'.iuilai
is .-oon going to stnk.
'! n Toi.-.l.-:--t.. n.
to : hio; id.-,
I ,:r-:.;,tn ( . !.
over A: ,z aa, ai
hi a- f tnrit f v..i!
II rich le . I! e i u
I the ;esi3 ol u.ll:-
u:
At I
I a !:" ICiiier found a copper
i i 'ila count y I hat hn.k -i
-II. He had rt.t.ui $; that le- had
ide he on:::;: d.iy hi!, or in the co; pel
,'ies at I;':!.-;V-e, and, !,et:ling down in
j ; i:l vi;h nil his fifthly ps.-es-;t,
i -j.i islis.'f of a Iryinif pan, it
t! a coffee pot. two blank-is and
f , nilum:; teds, he w eiit to work
c; ci his eopp- i claim. He worse, i
i.;. :i it for eleven u k In I'.'J.!.
, when fo-.o..r mi ;,t its louist market
vaiu- end ca;otai v:sr a source ariirie
hi the ten i I or!' s. Alts r months of vain
i' 'k:::g for seme one to conn" and looh
t! hi copper ledge K!l!il l" trudged oVe
the meuntair.s and alkali desert across
the ,-up. istltlon mountains and th"
Klta mountains, down into Sonora.
M.:o. v. I ere he rot work at day v.'.-ii:.!.
in .'t !;...! ::tr.r. He still owntd the
cc:.f r p". po t" and had don,- enough
w. r. a it lo hi 1.1 the claim for a ye::r.
Affr ''ad s-ved t" he went to
pio'jutirg again. He tiavebd along
wnh his 'ai l a; a some lieu miles alto
gether, siefplni', out of doors, r-atinr;
vtle iood and wr.tchin ", out for hostile
Yaiiulr. And now his luek was due.
lie lound two calms hi two months.
O'.'u- Wi.os a ha-e ore mire---! eomhipa
tion :' tf"l an! stiver -ar.d the other
was id or" than ran about $14 to the
t n. l e met at Hermosillo, Mex., b
man wh i bought the base oro!ei ty for
M.(t'). That was Jake Kliner's flist
real iu'ltal afi.-r his years of poverty
and hr.iiishiTi. V.'lth that sum he be
fean the development of his gold mln".
and In a year he cot out and shippeu
or? that brought him lO.OOu clear profit
A week later he sold half the mine for
liOoOO. That was In March, isa.1.
Kliner's fortune began to grow rap
Idly from that time. The Armadtjo
mine has paid some $120,000 in profits
sinep then, and it Is still yielding fiom
43.00) to 4.000 a monf.i. f our years
ago Kilner returned with ample means
to his topper mine in Gllu county, Arl-
Kor.a. He put in the best machinery
he rouid buy, sunk shafts, and drilled
and drilled and eronseut into the ledge
Copier was not profitable then and
many copper mines were Idle. It took
much hope and confidence to put li.Oiio
into machinery and get out eopier ore
thrt had no buyers at living prices. In
1SK7. howvvtr. copper rose from 8 cents
to 12 cents. The Kliner mine began to
make more money. Extra laborers wer
hlr 'd and the mine was deepened and
explored the more. In lv.Oi the prl-
of cc'p-'f advanced to 14, In and even
17 cents a iound. Last winter it touch
ed 19 cents. It has since varied from li
to 'S cents.
He lives well nowadays, but he clings
to his old clothes and his clay pipe 11
smiles when he speaks of the fact that
he sleeps In a 10 brass bed now, In
stead of a blanket.
"STAR SPANGLKD BANNER."
"The Star Spangled Banner"was com
posed during the war of 1M2 by Francis
Scott Key, then a young lawyer of
Baltimore. In the latter part of Au
gtst, 1X14. Dr. Williams Barnes, an
old resident of Maryland, was captured
by the British and held as a prisoner
In the admiral's flagship, the Surprise.
Key went to the Kngllsh fleet in Ches
apeake bay to intercede for Dr. Barnes
but was detained on board the Surprise,
as the British were about to make an
attack on Fort Henry.
All during that eventful night, the
13th of September, the great guns of
the fleet poured a blazing shower of
shot snd shell upon the fortress. Key,
standing on the deck of the Kngllsh
ship, could see at intervals by the
glare of the rocket and the flash of
the cannon, the American flag waving
victoriously. In the stirring enthusi
asm of that supreme moment, and at
the dawn's early light, when the Stars
and Stripes rose above the smoke ol
the conflict. Key WTote the song that
should be as deathless as the flag it
self. BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC.
It was In December, 1831, that Mrs.
Julia Ward Howe, author of the "Bat
tle Hymn of the Republic," In com
pany with her husband, Governor and
Mrs. Andnews, and other friends, visit
ed Washington. On their Journey
thither the "watch-fires of a hundred
circling camps" gleamed In the dark
ness, the railroad being patrolled by
pickets. To beguile the tedium of their
slow progress Mrs. Howe and her
friends sang army songs, among others,
"John Brown's Body." She slept qui
etly that night, but, waking before the
dawn, found herself weaving together
the lines of a poem, capable of being
sung to the "John Brown" tune. Line
after line and verse afte verse fell
Into place, and Mrs. Howe, fearing that
they would fade from her mind, sprang
out of bed, and in the gray half-light
wrote down her verses, went back to
bed and fell asleep again. It may In
terest practical people to learn that
Mrs. Howe received (5 for her poem,
"HOME, SWEET HOME."
Perhaps the most revered American
checkticl career was fill of sadros
but whose S'-iiK brought th's origin
publishers a pioiii of Jpi.de'j. and in
cured for Miss ?1 Tr. t vbo w as th
tirBt person to sing it. a husband and i
mansion tilled with pienty. When Jen
ny Lind vi.-lted tr.e t 'lilted rHates I;
she, loo, sang Home, twee
Home."
It was the great National Ila 11 of Ho
City of Washington, where the ro
distinguished audience that had eve.
been seen in the capital of the repua
lie was as.--emb.ed. The matchless sing
er entrained the vi.st throng with lie,
most ex,uiiie melodies "Casta I'iva.'
the "Flute ! ng." the "Hird Song," am
"Greeting to America." Hut the grea
feature of the oce-.sion re med to be at
act of hispliation. The sictr-r sudden
ly turned her fai " to the pi.rt of tie
audituiiu.n w here l'ayn was sittlnt
and sang "Home, i-.'.e.-t Home" Mil!
such pathos and power that a whirl
wind of excitement and enthusiasm
sw,.pt through the vast, audi -nee. Han
i. I Webster himself almo't hu-t his self-
!(o-.tr... and one might readily imag-
"jine that Payne thrilled with rapture at
this umxpocted and magnificent renui
Hon of his own immortal lyric.
"1'AXKIiK DOODLR."
The tune of "yankee Doodle" wa
brought to this country In ITrvr., when
the British were engaged In a war with
the French and Indians. The story
goes that the militia which were called
to aid the British army were strangely
clad In many colors, some wearing long
coats, some short ones, and many hav
ing none of any kind to wear. In th
British army was one Iir. Richard
.Shaekburg, who was somewhat of a
musician. One day he thought to play
a Joke upon the mllitta because of their
grotesque figure and awkward manner,
and with much mock solemnity he pre
sented them the words and music of
"Yankee Doodle."
'Hie Joke greatly pleased th" well
dressed British olfic rs. but as a Joke It
roved a stupendous failure, for th
tune soon became the brittle march of
the Revolution.
"MY Cfil'NTHY, 'TIS OF THKK
Dr. S-'iinoie! Francis Hmlth. the author
of "America" "My Country. 'Tis of
Thee" was graduated fiou Harvard
In the s-.nie class with Dr. (d.ver Wen
doll Holmes and other c-:e!n-f.tei tnen.
Dr. Hohiie i said of him a tie rt time ho.
fore h.s Oe iih: "Now. I li i e's f-'ioilh
!li norm- uill be h nored 1 ; every
school cMld in the land w h :i ' havi
I.. -on forgot t. n a hut'rt 1 yoi--s. Hi
wrote 'My Coiintty. 'To if Thee." II
h" had said 'Our CoiintrV the hyt'oi
would not have le-eu Imrnort.il. but
that 'My' was masieroi ' e. Kvery
one who siogs the hymn at once feels
a ji-rsor,;il owner s-ip in Ins native land.
Tile hymn will la.u as long as the eoiin
trv." In U7.2 Wllliatn ". Woodhridge,
fliend of It. Smith':, who had le-en
vo-iting C-errniiny and the tJerinan
chuils, l.-rought home with him a lot of
'lerman music books.
"Turning th" leaves of the rooks
one gloomy day In February, ls.'ii," said
Dr. Smith, many yearn afterward, "!
crime across Ihe air, lod Save the
King.' 1 llled !h- music. I ghinced at
the Ocrrom woids Ot th.- foot of th i
pftfti- I ndi r the Inspiration of the mo
ment 1 to n-.-k and In la If n;
hour 'Amende Tu1.. the result."
SMOKING WOMF.N IN LONDON.
Mrs.'f 'orriMlus Robinson of New York
has erg.'igi-d in a crusade against tin
practice of smoking by women In Don
don society.
She instances what sh" siw at tin
Pioneer club as- proof that British wo
men are inveterate smokers.
Bui this is not the cose at the nth":
women's clubs. Amont the smart set
smoking, like biking, is demode. Tliro
two years ago all society 'iwt
smoked. Just as all society women bikec
I'.attersea of In Hyde l'aik.
For the same reason llttl" smoking b
now indulged In 'at the Knioress club
for Instance, one of the smartest ami
most crowded dubs In London, or a'
the equally smart yet quieter Grosvi ism
Crescent club.
Says Mrs. Robinson: When it be
comes the custom for American wo
men to smoke I shall call It a retro
grade movement. In atlons not yet
risen to our civilization It Is usual foi
women to-smoke. English women hsv
nd ' yet advanced beyond the habit
thnt Is all. ... .
Thi'.yutJ) is, that not one Knglisl
woman In' ten. not one In a hundred
even among professional smokers, hai
acquired the habit with any degree o
proficiency. To blow little whiffs o:
smoke out of your mouth Is not smok
ing.
The other evening at the Berkeley 1
watched a pretty English girl pretend
ing with a elf-arelte after dinner, mu
had the smiling, happy air of a womar
w ho feels she is doing something shock
ing. You may observe most English wo
men do this! for tobacco gives them s
Utile, . si-nviation tbat they require ooulm
ftvultuice to . convince themselves they
are. snioliing. Well, our pretty youni;
la4y at the Berkeley, holding her cigar
elUt . delicately between her fingers
look a little whiff and blew It out
again between her pretty lips.
Then she fell Into animated conver
sation and presently discovered thai
the cigarette had gone out. It was re
lichteil. this time all on one side, when
knocking off the ashes with more de
termination than skill, she put It out
aaain. For a third and fourth lighting
she got two tiny puffs, perhaps. Then
she talked for so long while she rorgot
thJ enemy between her fingers, that
she suddenly gave a little scream and
droimed It onto the tablecloth.
We had an opportunity of contrasting
this Kngllsh woman s method or smog
lnr with the g'-nutne method when call
ing next day upon the beautiful "poster
irlrl" now settled in London. I found
her at her easel with a cigarette be
tween her teeth.
"You don't think it Injurious1?" I ask
ed her, while she rolled me a clgaretu
with expert fingers.
"Beneficial, on the contrary. It clear
the brain and stimulates the powen
of work."
How many do you smoke a day?"
Any number from ten to fifty, but
mv usual amount is iwenty-nve or inir.
ty. My doctor tells me mat up to nny
ther cannot nun me, out. ne auvie
me not to smoke more."
She took In a breatnrui or smnge anc
drank a cup of tea which she had lust
poured out A minute later she blew
the smoke from her mouth again 1r
thick and perfect rings, passing th
second and the succeedlngs rings thro
the first one with amazing dexterity.
The briar pipe Is not made of briar
wood at all. The word "briar" Is s
corruption of the French word "bruy
ere." meaning "heath," fine he work
used Is really that of the hesth-r. Wher
these pipes were liitrodueeii into thli
country the tradesmen fourd that thi
French word was rather tvy dime.".'.'
for the ordinary smoker to get hold of
and they soon twisted It lnti the fa
miliar briar. The supply of fhls woor
from Franre Is now almost cthausted
and Is only found In any quan'lty in th'
Alpes Maritime.
WAYS OF THE TRAMPS.
Some of Them Are Afflicted with
Fatal Bushfulness.
It Is a popular notion that tramps
have a mysterious sign language, in
which they communicate secrets to one
another in regard to professional mat
ters. It is thought, fi r Instance, ttiat
they make familiar chalk and pencil
marks on fences ana horse blocks. In
dlcating to the brotherhod such things
as whether a certain house is "good'
or not, where a ferocious dog Is kept,
at what time the police are least likely,
or most likely, to put in an appearance
how late In the mornicn a barn may
be occupied before the farmer will be
up, and about where a convenient
chicken coop li located. Elaborate ac
count have been written in newspa
tiers about the amount of information
they give to one another In this t.y,
and many persons believe that tramps
rely on a sign language In their beg
ging.
It is well to state at the outset that
this is a false concrptlon of their meth
ods. They all have Jargons and lin
goes of their own choosing; and mak
ing, and they converse in them when
among themselves, but the reported
puzzling signs and marks which are
s u posed to obviate all verbcl speech are
a fabrication, s far as the majority of
roadsters are one rned. Among the
"Banket Stifs." in the far west, and
among the "Kindle Men," "Mush Fa
kirs" and "Tumpikers" of the middle
west, the east and Canada, thre exists
a crude system of marking "good"
houses, but these vagrants do not be
long to the rank and file of the tramp
army, and are comparatively few In
numbers.
It Is, furthermore, to be said that the
marking referred to Is occasional rath
er than usual. Probably one of the main
reasons why the public has Imagined
that tramps use hieroglyphics In their
profession is thnt, when charity Is
shown to one of them, the given Is fre
quently plagued with a visitation from
a raft of beggars. This phenomenon,
however. Is easily explained without
recourse to the sign language theory,
uutside of marly ail townt of 10.000 In
habitants and more the te;mips have
little camps or "hang-outs," where they
ttirike their headquarters w hile "work-j
!ng" the community. Naturally they!
compare nob s nt. meal time, nnd If one j
l-e, gir has. discovered what he oonsid-
is a "cneroiis house he tells his pa!"
about it. ro that they may also get the
b.-nt fit of Its hosoitality. Th- finder
of i he house ceniiot viMt it himself
ngrun until his :ice has been fotgot-
ten; at sm- r.
hi
-Idolll does visit
it more tl-i.-n once dining a wck's stay
in the town, but his companions can,
so he tells them where It is and what
kind cf a story they must tell.
CLASHES IN TRAMP I.IKE.
Although li'e- hol oes do not make use
of the marks and signs with which
the po; ular f.incv has credited them,
they l i'Ve a number of Interesting th".
oij.-s nbout begg.ng and a large varie
ty rf clever ruses to deceive people.
Not all tramps are eliner clever or suc
cessful, the "road" Is traveled by a
great many mere amateurs than pro
fessionals, hut It Is the earnest endea-
or of all i" bast to make a living,
r.d C"ore ;ir- thousands who make
irneiM: c r,eid,M. Roughly estimated.
Ihrte ..re fr ir.i i).m t "i.Ooo tramps
tie Vi'ltid .''tntes, and probably a
fftii of i.'l me be classed as flrst-
I 'Kr fair's. There are a second and
third clis, .".ml even h fourth, but it
l ti e A Nib. 1 men. us they call thern-
Ivr-s, vho are the most Interi st Ing.
1 i.e rain distinction between these
ramps and the b-ss successful mem
i.'r of the craft 1.4 that they have com-
jl 'leiy corcuered the arnateu nqueam-
shnefs about begging. It seer is com
parative!" eas" to fro to a bac k door
ind iifI: for something to eat. and the
mere wording of the tequist Is easy, all
loo tasv, but the hard part of the
Irar.saetion Is to screw up courage
"oegh to o;en the front gate. The
rxrlnner In tramp life goes to a dozen
nt rate before he can brace him
self for the interview at the back dor,
and there are men to whom a vagrant
life Is attractive who never overcome
the tenderfoot's hashfulness.
It was once my lot to have a rathur
successful professional burglar for a
rornnanlon on a sKort tramp trip In
th" middle west. Vp had come to
gether In the haphazard sort of way
that all tramp acquaintanceships 'are
formed. v'e met at a railroad water
ing tank. The man's sojourn In tramp
dom. however, was only temporary; it
was a good hiding place until the de
tectives should give up the hunt for
him. He had "planted" his money else
where, and meantime he had to take
his chances with th" "hoes." He was
not a man who would ordinarily arouse
mi'ch pity, but a tramp could not have
he d having sympathy for him at
mev times. At every interview he had
at back doors he was seized with the
tenderfoot's bashfulness, and during
the ten days that our companionship
lasted he got but one square meal, ills
profession of robber nave 1:1m no as
sist anre.
"I can steal," he said, "go Into
hotisis at night, and take my chances
In a rhoctln' scrape, but I'll be hanged
If I can beg. 'Taln't lik swlpln'. When
ye swipe ye don't ask no questions, .in'
ye don't answer none. In this business
ye got to cough up yer whole soul Jus'
to fit a lump (handout.) I'd rathei
sw!-."
This Is the testimony of practically
all bglnners In the beggar's business;
at the start thieving seems to them a
much easier task. As the weeks and
months pass by, however, they become
hardened, and discover that their nerv
needs onl" to lie developed to assert
Itselfand the time conies when nothing
Is so valuable that they do not feel
themselves Justified In asking for it.
They then definitely Identify them
selves with the profession, and build
up reputations as first-class tramps.
EXPERIENCE IS THEIR TEACHER.
Each man's experience suggests to
him how this reputation can best be ac
quired. One man, for example, finds
that he does best with a "graft" pe
culiarly his own, and another discovers
that It Is only at a certain time of the
year, or In a particular part of the
country, that he comes out winner. The
tramp has to experiment In all kinds
of ways before he understands himself
or his public, and he makes mistakes
even after an apprenticeship extending
ever years.
In every country where he lives, how
ever, there is a common fund ot ex
perience and fact by which he regu
lates his conduct in the majority of
cases. It Is the collective testimony of
generations and generations of tramps
who have lived before him, and he acts
upon It In about the same way that
human beings In general act upon ordi
nary human experience. Emergencies
arise when his own Ingenuity alone
avails, and the average finding Is of no
use to him, and on such occasions he
makes a note on the case and reports
about It at the next hang-out conclave,.
If he has Invented something of real
value, a good begging story, for In
stance, and It Is generally accepted as
good, It Is labeled ss Shorty's gng, or
Hlim's, as the man's name may be, and i
becomes his contribution to the general
collection of gags. It Is the man who
collection of gags. It Is the man wholchecklng It and 11... rtwn ol
has memorised the greatest number of of a new reformation! " tho
gags or ghost stories, ss they are alss
called, and on nhandie them deftly, ai
circumstances suggest, that Is th mosi
successful beggar. There are other re
quirements to be observed, but unless
man has a good st'tk of stories will
w hich to fool people, he cannot expeci
to gain a foothold amng the "blwea ir
the glass stiffs." He must also kee(
continually working over his l'iC"
Ghost storie are like bonnets; tno
that were fashionable last year are
this vear out of date, and they must Df
changed to suit new tastes and conai
lions, or be supplanted by new ones
Frequently a fresh version of the oia
story has to be Improvised on the spoi
The following personal experience il
lustrates under what circumstance!
..,r. M r.-nle,l It BlSO ShoWS n
even the professionals forget thomselvei
and their pose on occasions, cme mm
ing. about eight years ago, I arrived r,
il small town in the Mohawk valley in
company with a tramp called Indianap
olis Red. V'e had ridden an mm"
a box car In the hope of reaching i
York by morning, but the freight nao
been delayed on account or a wreia,
and we were so hungry when we mu
ed the town in question that we simply
had to get off and look for something
to eat. It was not a place, as we well
knew, where tramps were welcome, but
the train would not stop again at a
town of r.ny size until lonu aftei
deci.led to take oui
chances. We had an hour at our dis
posal until the next freight was our.
The great ouestlon was, what story
boiiid t,.'ii and we both rummaged
through our coUectlotis for a good one.
Finally, after each of us had suggested
number of different stories nu
e.fiieti ihem in turn, on tne grouuu
that they were too old for such a hos
tile place. Red suggested tnai we hj
it... .n,.. fiom' eatr." There are
several gags of this description, and I
asked him which one he meant.
THE DEAF-AND-IH'MB LAY.
Let's work it this way." and he be-
rran to Imnrovise. "I m your ueer o
dum' brother, see? An' we're on our
way to New York, where I'm going to
get a. Job. I'm a clerk, and you're see
in' me down to the city so's't nothln" II
happen to tne. Our money's given out.
an' we've slrnplv got to ask fer assist
ance. We're ter bly hungry, a.n' you
want to know if the lady of the hv'is- II
be good enoHsh to help 'T br ther
along. See?"
I saw right enough, and accepted th"
proposition, but the dd. seemed
arainst us h-cause the town was one of
lb- most unfriendly along the line. e
picked out a house, near the fork. As
n rule, rui h hous-.-s have been begged
lout. hut. we reasoned thnt If nr mry
I would go at all It would go there, and
j itotddes the house was convenient for
I I i.tching the next freight train. As we
j approached the back door 1 was care
!lul to talk to Red on my fingers, thlnk
iing that somebody might be watching
us. A nioiheriv out niuy answeteu
knock. 1 told her Bed's story In my
best manner, filling It out with convinc
ing details. She heard me out and then
scrutinized Red in the way that we all
look at rreatures who are peculiar or
abnormal. Then she smiled and Invited
us into the dlnlng-nsim. where the rest
of the family were nt breakfast. It
mined out to be 11 Fret; Methodist
clergyman's household. v had places
at the tabl . and at as rapidly as we
could, or. rather. Red did; I was con
tinually being Interrupted by the fam
ily asking me questions about my un
fortunate brother.
"Was he born that way?" they asked
In hushed voices. "How did he learn tc
write? Can he ever get well?" and oth
er like questions which I had to an
swer In turn. By the lime I had fin
ished my meal, however, I saw by a
.O. .O. .1... .. ..II V.n, A ho Art..,.
I lot IV on tne nan toat e ,, ,,..
ir- r.uies to catch our train and gavt
Led a nudge under the table as a hlnl
that we ouk'ht to be going. V'e weru
about to get up and thank our nosiest
for her kindness when the man of the
h..use, the clergyman, suggested that
we stay to family prayers.
"Glad to have you," he said, "if you
can remain. You may get good out ol
it." 1 told him frankly that we wanted
to catch a train and had only a few
minutes to spare, but he assured me
that he would not be long and asked me
to explain the situation to Red. I did
so with my fingers and I explained to
the put'on that Red's wiggling of his
mtant that he would be delighted to
stay, but a wink of his left eye. meant
fo- nve alone, said plainly enough lo let
the prayers go.
We stood committed, however, and
thite whs nothing to do but o!n th
family In the sitting room, where I re
el tved a bible from which to read two
verses, one for Red and one for mys-lf.
This part of the progress flnlshedi, the
parson began to pray. All went well
until he came to that part of his prayer
where he referred to the "unfortunate
brother in our midst." and asked that
Red's speech and hearing be restored,
and we were both ashamed.
Just then Red heard the whistle ol
our freight. He forgot everything, all
that 1 had said, and all that he hail
tried to act out. and with a wild whnon
whoops
; back
r rat-. I
-'
follow
he sprang for the door, shouting back
to me as r.e went out:
"Hustle, Cigarette, there's our
tier.'
There was nothin? to do but follow
after him as fast as my lugs would i
u car.
ry me, and I did so In my liveliest man.
ner. I have never been In the town
since this experience, and It Is to be
hoped that the parson's family have
forgiven and forgotten both Red and
THE SIRDAR.
Kitchener's wonderful Industry, hit
un"t puled patience, his noble perse. .
v ranee, are qualities too valuable fot
a man to enjoy In this Imperfect world
without complementary defects. Th
general, who never spared himself, car.
ed little for others. He treated all men
like mat nines from the private soldlei
whose salute Tie disdained, to the su
perior officers he rigidly controlled Th
comrade who had served with him and
under him for many years In peace and
peril was flung aside Incontinently at
soon as he ceased to be of use The
Slrf-sr only looked to the soldiers who
could march and fight. The wounded
Egyptian, and latterly the wounded
British soldier, did not excite his In.
teiest, and of all the department, "t
his army the one neglected was that
fXrerdn'1 with the care of the sick and
The stern and unpltylng spirit of the
oemmander was communicated to nil
roops. snd the victories which taarked
Ihe progress of the River war weni a
rompanted by acts of barbarity, not air
way. Justified by the harsh custom, o ,
savage conflict, or the fierce
treacherous nature of the dervish
From "The River War " by WintZ
Churchill. ' Wlnstos
The
Emancipation from r, ..
movement spreads apace and her.
power In eastern Europe,
proportions which make
serious concern at the Vatican iTt- '
extended to 323 lo, all.le, iTn nj,
Lower Austria, Bohemia HlvrU
via, Corlnthla and Balibur. Ua Ut
verts are numbered by th!u-.C0'
far the church h.. t!L2!un-
