SPEAKERS OF
CONGRESS
Thomas Braekstt Reed's retirement
from congress not only removes from
publle life IU most picturesque figure
lacs John Junes In galls was
btewed out by the Kansas pop
ulists, but luneatf the ques
tie. What became of the former
apaakera of congress? It la eaay to
answer aa to Mr. Reed and hta Immedi
ate predecessors In the speaker's chair.
Mr. Read la to become a citizen of New
Tart, with a certainty of I6O.000
for ten years, guaranteed to him by the
iw una or WAicn ne la to become a
member, and the possibility of advanc
ing whatever presidential hopes he may
till cherish. It Is venial "Jim" Nye of
Nevada who said on assuming the sen
atorial toga from that flourishing min
ing earner "unce a senator, always
senator. It Is probably truer that
once a presidential candidate always a
presiaeniuu canojaale. Anyway Mr.
tleea will not lessen his chances of
residence and occupation.
He will And In New York Mr John
O. Carlisle, who wielded the speaker's
gavei outing (he Forty-eighth, Forty
ninth and Fiftieth congresses. As Mr.
Jteed waa the first speaker In the Fifty-
nrst congreas, Mr. Carlisle was his 1m
mediate predecessor In the office which
Mr. Heed recently declared to be with
out a peer and to have but one suner-
lor. Mr. Carlisle sat In the house of
the Fifty-first congress until he was
chosen to succeed James Beck In the
enate. Heck having fallen dead in
the Washington station of the Pennsyl-
vanla railroad. Carlisle remained In
the senate until Mr. Cleveland In his
second presidential term selected him
for secretary of the treasury. He held
this difficult position all through the
Stormy years of Cleveland's second
term years of financial panic comraer
Ctal distress and political defeat.
Mr. Heed's first term as speaker was
truly one of storm and stress. When
be retired from the chair at the close
of the Fifty-first congress the custom
ary vote of thanks was extended to him
only by a strict party vote. He was
succeeded by the late Charles Fred
crick Crisp of Georgia, who was speak
r In the Fifty-second and Fifty-third
congresses. Mr. Crisp was re-elected to
the Fifty-fourth congress, but died be
fore the end of that congress while en
gaged in making the race for United
States senator. The unexpired portion
of his term was filled out by hta young
son, Charles F. Crisp, Jr.
The very first speaker that the con
(ress, under the constitution, had wu.i
Frederick A. Muhlenburg or Pennsy1,
vanla, who was also speaker of the
Third congreas. The greatest question
before the house during his second
speakership was that to carry the Jay
treaty Into effect. The house divided
equally for and against it, Muhlen
burg gave the casting vote In favor of
It. After retiring from congress he was
receiver of the general land office.
Jonathan Trumbull of Connecticut
was speaker of the Second congress.
After leaving the chair he became
United States senator, but resigned to
become governor of Connecticut. Thin
shows the little esteem In which the
office of United States senator was held
in those days. Even some years later
United States senator resigned to b
come mayor or New York.
Jonathan Dayton of New Jersey was
speaker of the Fourth and Fifth con
tresses. He served afterward In the
United States senate and the Jersey
state senate. He was arrested on bus
plclon of complicity In the Burr con
piracy, but aa Burr waa acquitted no
further proceedings were taken against
vayton.
Theodore Sedgwick of Massachusetts
was speaker In the Sixth congress. Af-
forward he sat on the supreme bench
or ma state tin nis death. Nathaniel
Macon of North Carolina, the original
"father of the house, waa speaker of
the Seventh, Eighth and Ninth con
Tresses. Ha continued In the house un
til lHlt, when he became United States
senator for twelve years, after which
be lived retired, except for presiding
over the North Carolina constitutional
convention In 1836. Joseph B. Varnum
of Massachusetts was speaker In the
Tenth and Eleventh congresses. Then
he served In the United States senate
for a term, after which be went to the
State legislature.
Henry Clay waa speaker oftener than
any other man who ever lived. He was
Chosen speaker of the house on his first
entrance in that body, in the Twelfth
congress. He had previously been In
the senate. He was speaker In the
Thirteenth congress, but resigned to
go as one of the peace commissioners
to Ghent. lAngdon Cheeves of South
Carolina succeeded him for the rest of
the term. Clay was elected speaker in
the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Six
teenth congresses. He resigned at the
econd session of the latter congress,
and was succeeded by John W. Taylor
Of New Tork, who was elected on the
twenty-second ballot by one majority.
Clay was In the house of the Eight jenth
congress, and, quite as a matter of
course, was rhosen speaker. It was
the house of this congress that elected
John Qulncy Adams president, there
baring been no election by the elec
toral college. Clay, who had been a
candidate for president, but who, com
ing In fourth, could not be voted fir,
brew bis strength to John Qulncy
A lams, electing him. He then became
ecsetary of state, which Induced the
ariaaUc John Randolph of Roanoke to
denounce what he called the coalition
of the Puritan and the blackguard,
This led to a duel between Clay and
Randolph, In which neither was hurt
After leaving the state department
Clay's public life was passed tn the
senate. He was nominated for presi
dent by the whig party, whose sc
knowledged leader he waa, In 1844, but
was defeated.
Langdon Cheves left congress when
the wsr of MI2 was over. A lawyer by
profession, he became Judge of the su
preme court of South Carolina. John
W. Taylor, speaker of the Nineteenth
congress, sfterwsrd practiced law at
Ballston. N. T., and was a member of
the state senate. Philip P. Barbour of
Virginia, who was speaker of the Seven
teen th congress, Clay not beln ga mem
ber that term, became an associate
Justice of the supreme court of the
United States In 1IM, and died as such
In 141. Andrew Stevenson of Virginia
was speaker In the Twentieth, Twenty
first, Twenty-second and Twenty-third
congresses, resigning during the last
term and being succeeded by John
Bell of Tennessee, who presided over
the second session of the Twenty-third
congress. Stevenson was minister to
England from 1st to 141.
John Bell remained In congress till
president Harrison made him secre
tary of war In 1141. He resigned when
Tyler separated himself from the whig
party. Declining a proffered election
to the senate by ths Tennessee leglala.
tare, bo practiced law till 1847, when
be waa elected first, to the state and
then to the United States senate for
the term ending March I, IIM. He
headed In 1M0 the ticket of the eonstl
tational anion party, Ball and Everett.
H INI kt erst Issued, with seven
ifcers, a proclamation favoring armed
awtrajltr br Tims, but a few
days later made a public speech In
Nashville favoring standing by the
southern states. This Is ths last we
near or mm in public.
James ic Folk waa speaker In the
rwenty-rourth and Twenty-fifth con
gresses. He left congress to become
governor or Tennessee, was twice de.
reatea lor re-election and waa noml
nateq and elected president by the
aemocrats In 1844. The little national
reputation the speakership alone con
lerrea upon a man In those days Is
shown in the derisive Inquiry of the
wnigs. wno s James K. Polk?" They
discovered later. He died a few months
arier nta retirement from the presl
dency.
- i. Hunter or Virginia waa
speaker In the Twenty-sixth congress
ne was defeated for the succeeding
lerm. dui was elected for the one fol
lowing that. He waa elected to the
united states senate three times. His
last term carrying him beyond the out
break of the civil war, he abandoned
nis seat therein, and was formally ex
pelied. tie waa a member of the nro-
vlslonal confederate congress. Accord
ing to the original plan, he was to have
been president of the confederacy, with
Jefferson Davis as general In chief of
the army. This fell through. Davis
became president and Hunter acted as
secretary of state for a short time,
when be was elected to the confederate
senate, In which he opposed Davis' ad
ministration. After the war he was
state treasurer of Virelnla for a term
and in Cleveland's first term was ap-
isuiniea collector at Tappannock, Va.
iiooert c. Wlnthrop was speaker In
the Thirtieth congress. In 1850 he was
appointed United States senator to
succeed Daniel Webster when the lat
ter entered Fillmore's cabinet as secre.
tary of state. Wlnthrop was defeated
for election to the senate and never af
terwards held public office, though hs
ran ror governor as the whig candidate
mis aereat, though he had a plurality
of the votes, led. to a change In the
constitution, whereby a plurality would
eieci, instead or reaulrina a maioritv
Mr. Wlnthrop was one of the great ora
tors of his time. He delivered the ora
tion at the laying of the corner stone
or the Washington monument, and aUc
inai at its completion, nearly forty
years later, as well as that at York
town, Va., upon the celebration of tha
100th anniversary of the surrender of
Cornwallls.
Howell Cobb of Georgia was speaker
in me inirty-nrsi congress, bene
elected after sixty-three ballots, nine
teen days after assembling. He sup
ported Clay's compromise measures of
1850. and was elected governor of
Georgia In 18ol as the candidate of the
union party. On the expiration of his
term as governor, he was re-elected to
congress. In 1867 ho entered President
Buchanan's cabinet as secretary of the
treasury. He resigned on December
10, 1860, and went back to Georgia,
wnere ne urgea on the secession move
ment. He presided over the nrovisional
conreaerate congress. He was oo
posed to Davis, but at the demand of
the Georgia delegation was appointed
brigadier and afterward major general.
lie eaw little military service. He on
posed the reconstruction measures, and
aiea in rew xoric city in 1888.
Linn Boyd, speaker in the Thlrtv
secona ana TMrty-thlrd congresses,
subsequently became lieutenant gov
ernor of Kentucky, after which he lived
in retirement.
Nathaniel P. Banks was sneaker In
the Thirty-fourth congress, being
elected after a contest of nine ween
on the 133d ballot. This session, from
uecemner a, 155, to August 18, lsl
waa the stormiest ever held. The
second (a called or "extra") session
waa the shortest ever held. lasMng ten
days, from August 21 to 30. Banks con
tinued in congress till 1857, when he
was elected governor of Maasachusetrc,
being re-elected In 1858 and 1808. In
1860 he accepted the presidency of the
Illinois Central railway, but resigned
when tbe civil war broke out. He was
promptly commissioned major general.
His military success was not con
splcuous. After the civil war he was
re-elected to congress. He "Greeley-
tzea in 1872. and was beaten for con
gress. Me servea several years as
United States marshal, and finally
ciosea nis public career as a membe
of the house over which he had once
presided.
James L. Orr of South Carolina was
speaker of the Thirty-fifth congress,
mis Deing nis last service in that body.
He opposed secession In the state con
vention, but when outvoted yielded.
He was chosen giwcrnor of South Car
olina under President Johnson's plan,
and served until 1868. In 186 he at
tended the union convention at Phila
delphia. In 1872 he attended the repub
lican national convention as a delegate.
He was elected a circuit Judge of his
state In 1870 and tn 1872 he was ap
pointed minister to Russia, dying in
St. Petersburg within two months of
presenting his credentials to the im
perial government.
William Pennington of New Jersey
was speaker of the Thirty-sixth con
gress his first and only term In con
gress. He was selected after eight
weeks' balloting, John Sherman, the
republican candidate, withdrawing.
Galusha A- Grow of Pennsylvania
was speaker of the Thirty-seventh con
gress. He was not re-elected to con
gress Immediately not. In fact, till
more than thirty years later, In 1894.
He was engaged principally In railroad
ing while he was out of public life.
Apparently he Is destined to end his
days a member of the body over which
he once wielded the gavel of authority.
Schuyler Colfax of Indiana, speaker
In the Thirty-eighth. Thirty-ninth and
Fortieth congresses, waa elected vice
president In 1888, but, not being renom
inated, abandoned public life and be
took himself to the lecture platform,
and died while on a lecturing tour in
the northwest.
James O, Blaine of Maine was
speaker In the Forty-first, Forty-second
and Forty-third congresses. It is
needless to tell In detail his after
story, how he became senator, presi
dential nominee, and twice secretary of
state, as it Is familiar to all. Michael
C Kerr of Indiana was speaker In the
Forty-fourth congress, and died while
holding that office. Samuel J. Randall
of Pennsylvania evas chosen speaker
for the remainder of the Forty-fourth
and also for the Forty-fifth and Forty
sixth congresses. He remained a mem
ber of congress till his death. J. War
ren Kclfer of Ohio waa speaker of tbe
Forty-seventh congress. He was re
elected to the Forty-eighth, after which
he resumed the practice of law at
Springfield, his Ohio home. He was
commissioned major general of vol
unteers during the late war with
Spain,
Fifty-five congresses have come and
gone, and the Fifty-sixth is standing
on the threshold of history. During
these fifty-live congresses thirty-two
different men have been elected
speaker for periods varying from one
session or a term to several full terms
of congress, This does not Include ths
members elected speaker pro tempore,
who have usually served only one day,
the longest periods of service of these
temporary speakers being those filled
by Samuel $). Cox of New Tork and
Milton O. Baylor of Ohio taring the
nini oc spsaasr arr at
the first session of the Forty-fourth
congress Henry Clay was chosen
speaker oftener than any other ner
son. six times. Andrew Stevenson of
Virginia comes next, four times.
Both resigned the speakership,
Clay twice, bievenson once. They ai
the only ones who have resigned th
speakership. Four Mason, Colfax,
Blaine and Carlisle each served a
speaker during three successive terms
Reed has served three terms, but two
congresses intervened between his first
and second speakerships. Two others
have served as speaker of two cot.
greases not consecutive, Muhlenbur?
and Taylor. The speakers who served
tfo complete terms are Muhlenburg.
Varnund, Dayton, Polk, Boyd an
Crisp. Randall served two complete
terms and one session, while Taylor
served one complete lerm and one ses
sion.
The thirty-two speakers were divided
among fourteen states, as follows: Con
neetlcut, 1; Georgia, 2; Indians. 8; Ken.
tucay ; Maine, z; Massachusetts
New Jersey, 2; New York, 1: North Car
ollna, 1; Ohio, 1; Pennsylvania 2; South
uaronna, x; Tennessee, Zr Virginia,
Four of the thirteen original states
have never furnished a speaker: Del
aware, Maryland, New Hampshire and
unnat isiana.
The other twenty-seven states that
have not had a speaker are Alabama,
Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida,
iaano, Illinois. Iowa, Kansas. Louis
lana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi,
Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada.
North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota
Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington,
West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyom
ing.
But one man ever speaker has yet
oeen elected president, though the ores
Identlal bee has blazed Industriously
about the chair of many a speaker since
it began with Henry Clay. That man
was James Knox Polk of Tennessee,
elected speaker. That's a pointer for the
and he was the thirteenth man to be
Thirteen club.
PROPER FOOD
FOR ALL AGES
Oliver Wendell Holmes said: "It Is
better to be young at 80 than old at
40." We want to live to a green old age.
Many things contribute to longevity,
a pleasurable occupation, freedom from
e, ease of circumstances. But the
principal element In health It the food
one eats.
Many people have an Idea that the
same diet is good for old and young
alike. Sir Henry Thompson, the noted
English authority, says: "More than
half the disease which embitters the
middle and latter part of life is due
to avoidable errors of diet: and more
rniHonier, in the form of actual disease,
of impaired vigor and of shortened life.
accrues to civilized man from erroneous
habits of eating than from the habitual
use of alcoholic drink, considerable as
I know that evil to be."
Little difference Is usually made in
diet after growth has ceased, say after
the 25th year. Habits are oBten
changed to a less active or sedentary
mode of living. Food ought to vary
according to habits and age.
Tissue-building foods ought to be
taken In youth. They consist of nitro
genous and mineral elements. Re
search has shown that tissue waste Is
not largely determined by physical
labor, and that nitrogen equilibrium is
well maintained on a less quantity of
protein than is generally supposed.
This waste has been estimated as low
as one ounce in twenty-four hours for
an average man engaged In ordinary
labor.
It would be Interesting to group facts.
snowing tne coincident increase of can
cer and other neopuasms with the
largely Increased consumption of al
buminate food. It Is well known that
poisonous ptomaines formed within the
body are nitrogenous In origin and that
pathogenic bacteria flourish In protein
soil. But the limits of this paper per
mit an Inquiry only Into the foods
which contain an excess of the lime
salts.
LI mo Is the great structural builder
of the body and phosphate of lime Is
its most abundant salt, constituting
one-half of the bone tissue. But bones
need to be built but once and fibrous
structures need litle renewal. , It la a
reasonable Inference that the continued
oversupply of lime to the system alter
the demands of growth has ceased
may cause an abnormal growth or de
generation of tissue. This Inference is
sustained by clinical experience.
Milk, eggs and cheese are three com
mon articles of food. Milk (cow's milk)
was designed by nature for the con
struct I on of growing organism. It Is
adapted to the rapid building of bones
and other less solid tissues. The salts
of cow's milk contain over 22 per cent
of pure lime. If this food is unsulted
to the growing child, how muoh mors
It la unsulted to the adult.
In eggs we have another form of so-
called "complete food," valuable like
milk for the growipg organism. The
salt of eggs contains nearly per
cent of lime, a greater quantity than
can be used In the mature system. The
yolk contains lecithin, which Is be
lieved to Itenslfy uric acid diathesis.
Kggs, are, however, less objectionable
than milk.
Cheese Is rarely consumed in large
quantities. It contains from 4 to 6 per
cent of salts and Is rich In lime. Cheese
taken In large quantities or regularly
would be far more objectionable than
either milk or eggs. Comparing these
as to their richness In lime with meat,
the salts of which contain less than 2
per cent and with many vegetables and
fruits, we can aee the difference in the
inorganic material furnished to the ays
tern. Other articles rich In lime salts,
but In a less degree, are oysters, rice,
beets, cabbage, lettuce, onions, celery,
ripe beans and peas.
Healthy adults may eat these arti
cles In a moderate way, but milk, eggs
and cheese should not enter largely
Into the adult diet, and no one after
30 years of age who has any tendency
K arteriosclerosis or similar conditions
affecting the kidneys, heart, liver, etc,
should use them at all. Furthermore,
If the pathological changes are marked.
all these articles should be excluded
frtim the dietary. It Is probable that
the excess of Inorganic food has much
to do with the most obstinate forms of
constipation. I believe I have seen two
cases of serious' Intestinal disease
which originated from the accumulated
mass of lime and other Inorganlo com
pounds In the Intestinal tract.
I believe that the habitual and free
use after maturity of food designed by
nature for the rapid growth of ths
young tends to promote hypertrophy
or degeneration of tissue, and that
nearly In proportion to such morbid
change is longevity threatened.
Health and vigor are likely to bo pre
served through a greater number of
years by excluding front ths diet ths
principal ussue-Duiiaing rooas. wnen
evidence of prsmatur uasos
appoar it to wwsnttal t Hr4Ur
MV 8WIBTHBART.
Whenever I play on the old guitar
Tbe songs that my swetbeart taught
me.
My thoughts go back to tbe summer
time
When first In her toils she caught me;
Ana once again I can hear the sound
Of her gleeful voice blown over
The meadow, sweet with the scent of
thyme.
And pink with tbe bloom of clover.
'The faded ribbon is hanging still
Where her dimpled fingers tied It
I used to envy It stealing round
Her neck, for she did not chide It:
And tbe Inlaid pearl that her ringlet
loucned
As she leaned above it lightly.
Glows even now with a hint of gold
That it once reflected brightly.
Whether her eyes were blue as the
skies
In a noonday in September.
Or brown like those of a startled fawn,
i can i ror the world remember;
But when she lifted them up to mine.
I know that my young heart tingled
in time to the tender tune she sang
And the airy chorda she Jingled.
Till now, though I sweep the dusty
strings
1 By her girlish spirit haunted,
Tet out of the old guitar there trips
1 A melody, blithe, enchanted.
My pulses keep on their even way
And my heart has ceased Its dancing.
For somebody else sits under the spell
or the songs and sidelong glancing,
M. E. Ward well.
A WOMAN'S WAY.
If you are a woman I cannot ncn.v
for a man, for I haven't the least Idea
now naturally foreivina- he 1 vou
have at one time or another In your
days vowed to yourself that you would
say an manner or cutting and cruel
things to somebody who had vexed you
me very next time you and that some
body should meet, and then when that
looged-rorward-to moment arrived
round, Instead of resentment, a great
lot of tenderness welling up In your
neart. you have called yourself weak
and foolish and miserable for forgiving
so freely. But I have called you di
vine, whenever I have chanced to know
of your tenderness and your shrinking
rrom wounding another, for It was only
that which held your Hps fast shut. As
the world swings on and years come
ana go, the truth of this that a poet,
who found life very much In his time
as we find it today, wrote Beems truer
ana truer: "To err Is human, to for
give is divine."
In a cottage or a palace a woman's
heart Is the same. There may be more
culture In the one place and less in the
other, but culture, after all, does not
reach as far down as the heart. Some
times It does sink deep enough, I know,
to form a sort of crust, but this Is eas
ily broken. So easily broken, Indeed,
that sometimes we are more than a lit
tle amazed at the complete surrender
to Bentlment and the tender forgive
ness of some woman we fancied had
been "cultivated" away from what we
expect to find In the woman who lives
In the cottage where life Is very simple
and "social problems" are not dis
cussed. Here Is the story of a happening In
a Yorkshire fisherman's house. There
are no simpler folk than are to be
found In such dwellings, and yet you
may easily fancy the same thing as oc-
curing In a house with stately turrets
and marble stairways, as well as In a
cottage whose only steps are the two
tittle wooden ones that lead up to the
porch from the sands. Of course, the
language would be different and the
"I forgive you" not so direct, but then
well, here Is the Yorkshire story:
One rainy day In spring an old flsher-
maa returned to his native village
after an absence of fifteen years, and
fearfully sought the house of his de
serted wife. Entering without knock
ing, he seated himself near the open
door, took a long and vigorous pull at
his pipe, and nodded Jerkily to "t'owd
woman.
Mornln' Maria," he said, with af
fected unconcern. -
She looked up from the potatoes she
was peeling, and tried to utter the
scathing tirade she had daily re
hearsed since his departure, but it
would not come.
"Ben, she said Instead, once more
resuming her work, "bring thesen to
fire, an Ah'll darn that hole I' thy
Jersey. Ah meant doln t day tha
went away, but summit put me off."
I can easily fancy cannot you? that
the old fisherman looked unhappy and
worn and the good old wife could not
for the life of her add to his woes at
that moment. Maybe later on she
'air her mind," but that Is another
story and nothing she could say or do
after that first little sign of forgive
ness would cut as would have done a
half dozen harsh words on the rainy
spring day when he was uncertain of
his welcome. What the faithful old
wife should have done and said, ac
cording to our thinking, la also another
story.
It Is beyond the ken of man Just how
forgiving a woman may be.
The truly forgiving woman Is always
the happy woman. The forgiving wo
man does not live In the past. For her
It Is always today and tomorrow. She
does not remind her children that one
day last week they disobeyed her and
that their punishment is to be ex
tended on indefinitely. She pursues
the wiser plan of letting them see how
freely she forgives their little misde
meanors because she Is quite certain
that they would not repeat for any
thing in the world. The forgiving wo
man is never arraid or tne gossip or
the Idle bodys that we all must meet
now and then. She meets them with
such a bright smile and an air of con
fidence In their sincerity that they
would find It hard to say tomorrow the
little unkind things they may have
said of her yesterday.
If you think the forgiving woman
weak and oversentlmental, It Is be
catwe you do not know her well. Try to
Imitate r and you wllll find how
much tWider It Is to overlook slights
and shortcomings In those we have ad
mired and trusted than It Is to nurse
wounded feelings and play the part of
the deeply offended. . There la a sort
of grim pleasure, you know, to be de
rived from playing the martyr.
One finds It an impossible thing to
punish a child who comes to one smil
ing and expecting a caress. v ne wo
man or man I will Include the sterner
sex In this, because I know this to
equally apply to both will seldom
have cause to forgive the same offender
twice. One cannot find It In one's heart
W jo) oiM auo am J;U jo )tJis oj
future and present days expects only
what Is prompted by love or friendly
consideration. The past days do not
count. Forgetting goes wltlv forgiving.
Do not think you are a oetier or a
wiser woman because you are suc
ceeding, or you wllll fancy you are, in
strengthening that little light crust or
mfovglvlnitnew that I have admitted
rt Is possible to cultivate, over your
naturally for Wing woman's heart. It
will not add one bit to your happiness
r ths happiness of others to find that
row can bs ntrcely roseatftU. Jt wUI
only bring unbecoming and harsh linet
about your otherwise pretty mouth U
cultivate this thing that Is so contrarj
to a woman s nature.
Tbe unforgiving woman she exists
to be sure, though, thank fortune, stu
Is rare finds a thousand things a daj
to vex her; and think what a burdei
of woea she will have accumulated li
one short year If she does not evei
put by and forget and forgive a few
of them as they come along! Why, bj
tbe time she has reached middle age
and maybe a long while before, she will
be quite aged and worn with the weight
of them! And it does not inspire us tc
be better and more considerate in thi
future if we know that somebody keep
very clearly In mind that day a lonf
while ago, when we failed her.
All the world la the better becaust
It is a part of woman's best nature U
forgive. When she has quite come t
the conclusion that It is weak instead
of divine to forgive she will find thai
there la now when she is willing to ad
mit that she "Just cannot say unkino
things."
I have made particular note of tht
forgiving woman of late, because then
Is a notion becoming rather populai
that she Is fast passing away. But di
not be alarmed, my dear man, or wo
man, who fears that heads are being
cultivated at the expense of hearts
It is still beyond the ken of mortalt
how much a woman will forgive.
PADS OF A GREAT ACTOR.
It would take $100,000 to equal thi
earnings of William Gillette, theactor
playwright. Mr. Gillette has thre
sources of income, according to report
One as an actor, one in the shape ol
royalties, and one as a sharer In hit
manager's profits. He Is now workinf
upon a dramatization of "Sherlock
Holmes," In which he will pray hit
favorite mysterious role.
Mr. Gillette has three fads. He li
retiring to a degree. Last winter h
kept to his hotel so closely that a re.
port gained credence In New York that
he had disappeared, and search partiei
were talked of as possibilities.
He is almost an incessant smoker
He believes that smoking on the stagr
Is typical of that reserve force which
so strongly marks his acting. It is
suggested that his love of tobacco maj
have something to do with this belief
but those who recall the cigar scene
In the telegraph office in "Secret Ser
vice" will not credit this suggestion.
His third fad Is the houseboat. Mr.
Gillette's floating home is a cross be
tween a canal boat and a gypsy wa
gon. It is propelled by steam, very
slowly, and is a sight to make ordinary
sailor men auake with fear. It is lux
urlously furnished within, however, and
during the summer months it is
familiar figure on the Connecticut river
In the vicinity of his home in Hartrora
Last year Mr. Glllete Invited Charles
Frohman of theatrical fame, ana an
other friend, to come with him to New
York on the boat Instead of going by
train. Mr, Frohman had an important
business engagement the next evening
in one of his theaters.
The trip consumed five days, four ol
which were on the sound, too far from
shore for either wading or swimming,
and the Holy Terror (that was the
boat's name) had no small boats. It is
said to have been the unhapplest five
days of Mr. Frohman's busy life, in
SDlte of the company of his host and
the Inviting dishes prepared by his
French chef. The actor, however, en
joyed It to the utmost.
After a particularly stormy seer.-- De
tween the two, when Mr. Frohman with
tears In his eyes explained the neces
sity of greater haste, Mr. Gillette re
marked, drily, as is his custom: "inai
will do, Frohman. ir you say any more
I'll write a play about this trip, and
I'll produce It If I have to bring it ou
myself." Nothing more was said aboul
the delay.
CARE OF HORSES.
One of the most necessary adjuncts
to a good farm Is one or more good
teams of horses with which to work It,
and one of the great reasons why on
so many farms good horses are not
grown is because the farmer who car
ries on the place does not take Burn
cient pride in his team. No man is like
ly to grow really good live stock of any
kind unless he takes pleasure and pride
In the kind of stock he is growing. If
he does this in the case of horses, the
care taken of them will be good. Bui
while there Is nothing to complain ol
In the handling of the farm team or
many farms, on a great many otheri
the management is anything but wise
and adequate. In the matter of feed
a great many farmers forget that s
horse has no paunch like an ox, bul
that, as compared with his body, the
stomach Is quite small, and they make
the mistake of trying to keep him
chiefly on hay and fill up the lnterstlcet
with water. To a greater extent than
most animals he needs concentrated
feed, with considerably less hay than
Is usually fed him, and this is especially
true when work Is expected of him.
Sometimes an attempt la made to meet
the difficulty by giving a heavy feed
before going to work or before starting
on a hard drive. This Is a serious mis
take, for a heavy feed should never be
given when time for digestion Is not
also given, and the wise plan Is to feed
relatively light morning and noon, With
the heavier feed In the evening.
A serious mistake Is also made quite
habitually with regard to water, and
this Is especially true when the team
Is working in the fields. The man who
drives the team will feel the need of a
drink several times during a half day,
but he seems to forget that the horse
suffers for water during the course of
a long summer afternoon quite as much
as he himself would do If he were de
nied it. Arrangements should be made
for watering lightly but frequently,
even If It Involves hauling water to
the field.
More care la now habitually taken,
we think, than formerly to Inure or
harden the farm team as spring work
comes on. Still there are many who
neglect It and the team suffers acord
Ing J. Often before the season's work
Is much more than fairly begun, there
Is a breaking down, and sore shoulders
and necks that render the horses unfit
for work, when If pains had been taken
at the outset to do a half day's work
and take a day to do It In, seeing at
the same time that the harness, col
lars, etc., were a fit, and that the
shoulders received care Itwthe evening,
no break down would occur. Often it Is
Impossible to keep the team employed
during the winter, and they then ap
proach the spring work tender and
unfit, unless pains Is taken to condi
tion them by moderate labor to begin
with, and with frequent short rests.
One can soon tell by watching the ease
with which a horse perspires whether
he Is fit to do a day's work or not,
and until he Is It Is bad policy to
require It of him. Homestead.
A Chinaman Is speaking to himself as
he Irons a shirt. Picks up a shirt show
ing evidence of having been wall cared
for and says:
"Bachelor. Him landlady fix him."
Picks tip another, buttonless and all
fraysd at the wruta ana tmk.
"MalUed man."
MANILA HEMP.
Manila hemp, called In Spanish abaca.
s grown successfully In the Philippine
Islands only. Attempts have been
made to grow the plant elsewhere, aa,
(or example, In Saigon, China, and In
British North Boraea; but tbe results
aave not been satisfactory.
The plant from which the hemp it
nade belongs to the banana family and
esembles very much the ordinary ba
ana tree. Its leaves, however, being
larker and shorter than tbe leaves of
:hat tree. The hemp plant flourishes
best on hilly lands snd mountain sides
weher It can be well shaded by trees
sf thick foliage. Although It requires
i considerable amount of moisture, It
does not do well in swampy lands.
The province of A I bay, In the Island
f Luzon, is the greatest hemp produc
ing district In the archipelago; but ths
finest quality of hemp comes from ths
Island of Leyte, which also nearly
equals Albay in amount of output. Ths
other hemp producing districts are:
Provinces of Camarinea Sur, Oamarines
Norte, and Tayabas, In Luzon Island;
the islands of Bamar, Martnduque, Min
danao, Cebu and Negros.
Four years from the time of plant
ing the seed are needful before ths
plant leavea are ready for the knife, but
only three years If shoots be set out.
The general custom among planters,
however, is to transplant six months
old suckers. The shoots are set out
in squares, about six feet between each
shoot, and In starting a hemp planta
tion in forest lands, the large forest
trees are left standing to shade the
young shoots. After the first three or
four years of waiting a hemp planta
tion is usually a safe and profitable
Investment, as the plants are seldom
damaged by typhoons because of the
protection furnished by the forest trees;
locusts do not attack the leaves in the
way that they do almost everything
else green in the island; fires cannot
spread far among the rank foliage; no
costly machinery is required on tha
plantations, and no plowing is neces
sary, although careful weeding Is re
quired; the plants can be harvested all
the year around, as they come to ma
turity. The leaves should be cut for
the fibre, however, when the plant is
flowering; nor should the plant be al
lowed to go to seed, for If allowed to
bear fruit the fibre will be weakened.
The average weight of dry fibre from
one plant is about ten ounces, and
the yield from a well manged planta
tion is 360 pounds of dry fibre to ths
acre.
The method of making hemp Is a
very primitive one. The leaves' that
shoot out from the trunk of the plant,
after being detached, are separated
into strips five or six Inches wide and
from five to six feet long. To separate
the fibre from the pulp, these strips or,
basts, as they are called, .are drawn
under a knife that Is fastened at one
end by a hinge to a wooden block.
A cord and treadle are attached to the
other end of the knife, and the oper
ator, by working the treadle, can reg
ulate the pressure of the knile upon
the bast. The edge of the knife should
be smooth and keen, but too often It
is serrated, as the work then Is easier
for the native at the treadle. As tha
bast Is drawn through, the fibre la
wound around a stick of wood. The
natives work in pairs, one man strip
ping the bast and the other drawing It
under the knife. In this way two men
can turn out about 200 pounds of dry
fibre in a week.
Machines to take the place of the
crude apparatus described have been
tried, but all have failed to answer the
purpose, as all of them have discolored
the fibre. Machines with metal cyl
inders and machines with glass cylin
ders, to wind the fibre on, have been
tried, but all injured the hemp. Dealers
and growers try to enforce the use of
knives without teeth or Indentations,
so that the fibre may be fine, clean
and white, but they have met with
little success.
Manila hemp for this is the name
given to the product from all of the
Philippine islands is classified by Ma
nila firms as first, second and third
qualities. The middle men, or copla
dores, in dealing with the native col
lectors of small quantities, divide the
hemp into two classes: First quality.
corriente, and second quality, Colorado.
Although there are a few hemp plants
that will give a whiter fibre than oth
ers, it Is probable that all would yield
first-class hemp, abaca corriente, if the
natives could be made to cut the plant
during the flowering season only, draw
the fibre under a toothless knife the
same day that the bast Is stripped and
sun-dry at the. first ouportunlty. The
native too, often strips the plant when
ever he needs a few dollars and leaves
the basts exposed to the rain and all
sorts of weather until they are softened
by putrefaction and the fibres weak
ened, because they are then easier to
work under the knife.
In Manila the large export houses
fix the price on corriente abaca, and
allow a proportionate price for second
and third qualities. The average price
In Manila for first quality hemp per
plcul (one picul equals 140 pounds, two
plculs to a bale) was from 1882 to 188S
as follows: - '
1882, $10.50; $1883. $10; 1884, $9; .1885,
$8.14; 1886, $7.2u; 1887, $8.69; 1888, $10;
1889, $12.85.
Very little hemp was shipped from
the archipelago prior to 1825; In 1840
from 1872 to 1889 the shipments, In
tons, were:
1872 39,077
1881 .54,306
1882 44,205
1883 46,680
1884 50,976
1885 ...52,141
1886 46,460
1887 64,372
1888 82.67$
1889 71,071
1873 32,669
1874 38,501
1875 32,864
1876 39,421
1877 39,409
1878 41,742
1879 40,497
1880 49,934
In addition to the uses to which hemp
Is put In making rope and cordage, the
natives weaves from the fine fibres,
carefully selected, a cloth called In the
Blcol dialect, lupis; from the coarser
fibres a very strong and durable cloth
called all over the archipelago slnamay,
Is made. This cloth is worn by all of
the poorer classes. From a mixture of
the fibres of the pineapple leaf and of
carefully selected hemp a cloth of much
finer quality, called Jusl, is made. This
cloth Is thought by many to be more
beautiful than the pina, made entirely
of the pineapple fibre, for which the
islands are noted.
This Is a great country, and K costs
over $2,000,000 a day to run It. It is
well to stop and think, once In a while.
of this fact. Last year, for Instance,
congress appropriated $675,000,000. Ths
largest Item was for pensions, $146,000,-
000. Then came $128,000,000 permanent
appropriations; $105,000,000 for the pos
tal service; $80,000,000 for the army; $48,-
000,000 for the navy and the sams
amount for the sundry civil services
$25,000,000 for deficiencies; $23,000,000 for
legislative; $11,000,000 for Ivers and
harbor; 128,000,000 for flscellaneous, In
cluding $20,000,000 paid to Spain, and
tbe remainder distributed among tha
expenses of ths diplomatic service, tha
Indian bureau, fortifications, and tha
District of Columbia. These nftrrw
have been printed a good many lank
In various forma, but ws put them la
concrete, shape so that he who roads
may understand them withont awea
study, although they ar wall watrtfe ,
tsdylac.-LsMla'a Wskly.