The End Approaches Protocol Signed-Fighting to be Suspended. Agreement Entered Into Along the Lines Already ForecastedPresident Issues a Proclama tionDay of History Making A . Long Stride Toward Peace. WaJHisoto. Aug., 13. With simplic ity In keeping with republican institu tions, the war w hich baa waged between Spain and the United Btates lor a period el three months and twenty-one days Came to an end yesterday afternoon, whea M. Caiuhon, for Spain, in the presence of President McKinley, signed protocol which will form the basis of a deflaite treaty of peace. It ia but simple justice to our aiater republic, France, to record the fact that to her good office tbia speedy termination of a war, that night have run on indefinitely, was brought about, and the president him elf deemed that action on the part of the French government ai worthy of special praise. TBI I'Reaiixtrr'a raocLAMATioN The president issued the following proclamation Immediately after the sig natures had been affiled to the protocol BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE GN1TED STATES, a Proclamation: Whereas, by a protocol concluded and signed August 12. 1898, by William R. (fay, secretary of state of the United States ami his excellency, Jules Cam son, ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary of the republicof France St Washington, respectively represent or for thin purpose the government of the United States snd the government af Spain, the United .States and Spain tare formally agreed up n the terms on which negotiationa for the establish ment of peace between the two countries shall be undertaken ; and Wheree", It is in said protocol agreed that upon the conclusions and signature hostilities between the two countries shall be suspended, and that notice to that effect shall be given as soon as pos lible by each government to the com manders of its military and navul forces; Now therefore, I, William McKinley, resident of the United States, do, in ac cordance with the stipulations of the protocol. drrUrn snd prodanii on the art of the United Sutes a suspension f hostilities and do hereby command that orders be immediately given through the proper channels to the commanders if the military and naval forces of the United Sutes to abs'ain from all acts Bconsictent with this proclamation. In Wilms" wnerenf, I have hereunto St toy hand xnd caused the seal of the United Stain to t affixed. Done at the city of Washington, this twelfth day of August, in the year of ur Lord one thousand eight hundred tnd ninety-eight, and of the independ !no of the United States, the on bun ire and tweuty-thlrd. (binned) Wii.uah McKinliy. By the President; William R. Day, Secretary of State. A copy of the above proclamation has been en bled to our army and navy com manders. Spain will cable her coin wanders like instructions. raovisiows or ths fkotocol. The protocol provides: First That Spain will relinquish all llaim of sovereignty over and title to Ouba. Second That Porto Rico and other Spanish island in the West Indies and n island in the Ladrone. to be select sd by the United States, thall be ceded to the latter. Third That the United States will occupy and hold the city, bay and harbor of Manila pending the conclusion of a treaty of peace, which ahal determine the control, disposition and government of ths Philippines. Foorth That Cuba, Porto Rico and Other Span ah islands In the West In dies (ball i immediately evacuated, and that eomroisi-ioners, to be appoint ed within ten days, shall, within thirty days after ths signing of the protocol, Beet at Havana and San Juan, respect ive!, to arrange and execute the details of the evacuation. Fifth That the United Stales and Spain will each appoint not more than ire commissioners to negotiate and con alads a treaty of peace. The commit rf'S tll Blight. Iwi, Aug. 13. Dr. Upponi and all the Vatican authorities eonllrm the statsv oat that the pope's illness ia slight ft doctor did not stay the night at the Vatican. The poatiff shows symptoms of gastrit iadamatlow, but he partook of rmrkhmoal Uat evening and was in osesllaol rpirits. Ho rose this morning at 149 aad celebrated mess. Dr. Lap poai vial led too peso at I o'clock this sioners are to meet at Paris not later than the first of October. Sixth On the signing of the protocol hostilities will be suspended, and notice to that effect will be given as soon af possible by each government to its mil itary and naval commanders. OROAKS bKNT TO M KBBITT. The order to General Merritt to sus pend hostilities were as follows: ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, WASHINGTON, Aug. 12, 1898 Merritt, Manila: Tun president directs all mill tary operations against the enemy be suspended. Peace ' negotiations are Hearing completion, a protocol having been just signed by representatives of the two conntries. You will inform the commandera of the Spanish forces ia the Philippines of these instructions. Further orders will follow, Acknow ledge rece'pt. By order of the secretary of war. ii. C. C'ohbik, Adjutant-General. Theordir sent to General Miles and General S.hafier were identical with the above, save as to names. As the order states further orders will be ent to each general. General Merritt hats been directed to confer with the Spanish commandant at Manila to carry out the terms of the protocol and to occupy Manda immediately. General Miles will put himself in cominuni at'on with the chief authority in Porto Rico for the purpose of having Spanish forces ..wm toAa. Wa rt loan aatt n(HP IMiinlfl tj him preparatory to evacuation. Owing to conditions in Cuba the orders to Gen- eral Shaffer, to lie sent hereafter, will be much different than those to other generals. Tbe navy department is also prepar- Ing orders to ail commanders on lines similar to the war department order. When Ambassador Cambon reached the White house it was just 3:55 o'clock, five minutes in advance of the appointed hour. The rain was still violent, and the ambassador abandoned bis uaual , custom of alighting at the outer gates of the executive grennds. He was driven under the porta cochere, passing through cordon of newspai er men before he and Secretary Thiehaut were ushered inside. Tney went direct to the library, adjoining the cabinet room on the upper floor. At 4:05 they were announced to tbe waiting pirty in the cabinet room, ana were ushered into their presence. After an exchange oi aipiomatic courtesies, unnecessary loss of time did not occur, and Assistant Secretary of Mate Urtdier, on tbe I art o( tt e United States, and First Secretary Thiehaut, on the part of Spain, r tired to a window, where there wus a critical formal examination of the protocol. OIVI DUX IMPOKTASCK. This inspection had all the outward formalities due a document of this Im portance. It wax prepared in duplicate! at the state department, one copy to bo retained by the United States and the other to I ec .me the property of Spain. The text is handsomely engrossed in a running old English script, The protocol sent toSpaiu was accom panied by the credentials issued by Prei- ident McKinley especially empowering the seer- tary of state to affix his signa ture to this document. The authorisa tion was brief and in typewilting, save for the president's characteristic bold signature. I-ater the American copy of the protocol w ill be accompanied by the written credentials of the Spanish gov ernment sent to M. Camboa and bear ing the signature of Queen Christina, The cable dispatch received by him to day conferred full authority to sign the procotol and stated that tne written authorisation would follow, signal by the queen regent In the name of the king. Prior to the ceremony of today, M. Talebaut showed the erble dispatch to Secretary Day, and it was accepted aufflcicnt to enable the ambassador to sign in behalf of Spain. TMlr BoeaSle a Draw. Foot Wtns, Ind., Aug., IS -Engon Beoanah of Cincinnati and Johnny Vai Heoat of New York fought twenty rounds to a draw last night at Princess rink Both men wars fresh at ths cad. Ths boat wm proasded by what was to have boon a K-round go between Denny Row an aod Eagoao Lota, both of Cincinnati. Lata wm knokad oat ia tke eleventh Dsiaosli took the plaoa of Tommy Mat boll, who wm atom, SENEN THOUSAND CAPTURED Vwj't OMclal Jtrport of Capiur Ht Detailed Washinotok, D. C.,Aug. 18. Admiral Dewey's official announcement of the bombardment and surrender of Manila has been received as follows : Manila, Aug, 13. To Secretary of Navy, Washington: Manila surrendered t-day to the American land ami naval forces after a combined attack. . A divi sion of the squadron shelled the forts and entrenchments at Malaie on the south side of the city, driving I ack the enemy, our army advancing from that side at the same time. The city sur rendered about 5 o'clock, the American flag being hoisted by Lieutenant ISrum by. About 7,000 prisoners were taken. The squadron bad bo casualties. None of the vessels were injured. August 7 General Merritt and I form ally deman led the surrender of the city, which the Spanish governor refused. Dkwky. Amerlrans to Kule. Washington, Aug. 18. The two American commanders at Manila, Ad miral George Dewey and Major-General Wesley Merritt, united in a joint dis patch which was received here late yes terday afternoon, asking for instructions an to the manner of dealing with the various elements, particularly tbe insur gents, now that the city was occupied by the American forces After a conference at the White house In which Secretary Alger and Acting Secretary Allen, participated, instruc tions were sent to the two American commanders. Tbe text of tbe request for inmructions, and of the answer was not made public, but Secretary Alger summed up instructions as sub-tantially es follows: The instructions are to en force law and order, and to treat all law abiding citizens alike. The instructions are practically the same as those sent last night to General Lawton. The latter order specifically stated that the insurgents must recog nize the mil tary occupation and author ity of the United States, and the cessa tion of hoetilities proclaimed by this gov ernment, l oubtless t' e same rule is being applied to the insurgents under Aguinaldo, although it was not officially stated that such specific orders were made. It had been thought in some quarters here that the showings made heretofore by the insurgents would lead to their receiving a certain amount of recognition in the wsv of joint action between the Unite! States foreei anil those of thein surg nts, when the city was occupied, hut the infractions sent tonigtit are bated n occupation by the United States alone, and a" a high administration offi- j cial summed up the situation, "there .shall be no joint action except between Merritt and I ewey. J hey will maintain law and order and will treat insurgents j snd Spaniards alike, requir ng all to ob- ' serve peace and order." me oniy owier woru receivru irom Manila during the day in the brief dis- patch from Admiral Dewey announcing the surrender of the city last Saturday, No dispatch came from General Merritt up to the close of office hours tonight, except the one in winch lie joins witn Admiral Dewey in asking tor instruc tions. Secretary Alger concluded Irom this that the casualties could not have been heavy, as he felt sure General Merritt would promptly report any con siderable loss. It was noted that neither the first dis patch ot Admiral Dewey nor the joint dispatch of Dewey and Merritt made any reference w hatever to the part w hich the German cruiser Kaiserin Augusta took in removing Captain-General Augusli from Manila to Hong Kong. From this the officials believe that the American commanders do not attach serious signi ficance to the course of tbe German naval authorities. The incident con tinues to cause some irrita Ion here, but it is practically c-rtain that no official cognizmce w ill be taken of it. There is no disposition in any official quarter at present to carry the incident to the point of considering it a breacli of neutrality as has been suggested in some British newspapers. French Sugur Bounty. I'akis, Aug. 18. In conformity with the law passed April 7, 18!)7, M. Fame, the president, has decreed that after September 1, a bounty shall he granted on refined French native and colonial sugars intended for export as follows, per h ii nd re J kilos: Fiist grade, 2.42 frames; second grade, 2.77, and third grade, 3.11. A huiiib In CliW-Mgo. Chicago, Aug. 18. Ar, attempt was made Tuesday bight to take the lives of John Hill jr., his wife and two children by exploding a heavy charge of dyna mite against Mr. Hill's residence in Bel ment, a suburb of this city. None of the family suffered injury. The perpetra ors plai-ed the missle by means of a pole of mflicient length to reach the second story window The crime Is believed to have fit en inspired if not executed by race track men against wboin Mr. Hill, as an officer to the civic federation, has conducted a crusade. Mr. Hill is a well known board of trade operator. Fop as Usual Asala. Ron a, Ang. IS. The Vatican asserts, despite the reports to the contrary, that the recent illness of the pope was a merely transitory indisposition, from which he has entirely recovered. Hia holiness has reeuined hia customary duties and Is daily receiving deputation, wale rtafii Aala. Bombay, Ang. 18. The bobonio plague la again epidemic Then wore 103 deaths offlciallv reported last aeek. MANILA SURRENDERS TREATY TOO LATE TO 8 AVE THE CITY FROM DEWEY- Aac-natl 8ld to Have Been DImUed and Krplai ed by General Jaudemaa Before Murnder. Hoso Kong, Au. 17. It was 10 o'clock Saturday when Dewey signalled the advance on Manila, previously hav ing received a refusal of surrender. The Olympia iu the lead, signalled the city again to surrender. The Olympia then commenced the bombardment with eight-inch shells. The report of the gun was the signal fur the American advance on the land. The fighting lasted two hours. Then tbe Spanish surrendered and our troops later marched into the c ty. Augusti escaped at dusk. A fast cruiser from Dewey ia expected every moment with full details. These were given by the German consul. AUGUSTI DISMISSED. BkhIjIN, Aug 17. General Augusti, according to a dispatch from Hong Kong, dated Monday, was dismissed from his post as captain general of the Philip I ines on Augusts. General Jaudemea was ordered to take over the command tat Manila. The dispatch says : Tbe Americans no tified the authorities at Manila that a bombardment by sea and land would commence on August 9. The city sur rendered on the 13th, and tbe American flag was hoisted forthwith. The Span ish officers were allowed their freedom on parole. The judiciary and tbe ad ministrative offices are to remain tempo rarily in the hands of the Spaniards. The insurgents remain outside of the town. orriciAixr announced. Loneon, Aug. 17. A special dispatch from Madrid says: The surrender of Manila on Saturday by General Jaude- mes is officially announced. The United States troops immedia ely occupied the city. The government has been notified by the Spanish consul at Hong Kong of the surrender of Manila, It is not yet aware of the manner in which the surrender was effected. Washington, Aug. 17. Up to 9:30 yesterday morning no advices had reached the state, war or navy depart ments regarding the fall of Manila, ex cept the cablegram from Consul Wild man briefly announcing an uncondition al surrender. Dispatcher giving fuller information are expected momentarily. Hohg Kong, Aug. 17. The officials of the Manila cable are anxiously awaiting permission to repair, and a cable steam er is now at Singapore awaiting instruc tions. MURDER AND SUICIDE- ShooiaHIa Wife for Unknown Can mi and Hinuoir. San Fsancisco, Aug. 17. Patrick J. Corbett, father of James J. Corbett, the pugilist, shot and killed his wife at an early hour yesterday morning. He then turned the revolver upon himself and committed suicide. The hypothesis is ssserted by the family, and by the inti mate acquaintances and friends of the household is that Mr. Corbett was labor under the effects of temporary insanity. The terrible tragedy occurred at the Corbett home, 520 Hayes street, over the livery stable occupied by the elder Corbi tt. As near as the time can be fixed the shots rang out at 4:50 o'clock a. in., Mrs. Corbett being killed as she was lying asleep in her bed. So far as can be ascertained, there was not the slightest reason why the husband should have nought to wreak such awful ven geance upon Ids wife, as for nearly half a century the couple have lived happily and in iierfect contentment together. With Mr. arid Mrs. Corbett lived their two unmarried daughters, Caroline and Ksther, and a mar. ied daughter Mrs. Charles A. King, with her husband. There is little doubt that Mr. Corbett was insane when he committed his hor rible deed and that he inherited the mania from bis ancestors. His sister, Margaret Griffin, is now an inmate of the Nape insane asylum. Both the o!d peop:e were natives of Ireland, Mr. Corliett being sixty-six years of age, and bis wife four years younger. New Yokk, Aug. 17. Jim Corbett said that his parents were each about si xty tAree years of age, and that the family relation were always p'easant. He re ceived letters on Saturday informing him that his father's mind had become unbalanced and he therefore thinks that while suffering mentally his father com mitted the terrible crime. Blanco Must Stay. Madrid, Aug. 17. The cabinet has decided to order General Blanco and all other Spanish commander! in the An tilles to fill their respective posts until the evacuation is completed. Another tirnu HIHIii. RocxroaD, III., Ang. 17. George En nett.while in a temporary fit of insanity yesterday afternoon, shot and instantly killed hit sister, Anna, aged thirty-five, then shot himself, blowing his head off. The sister wm washing at tbe time, and her life vu taken without warning. Another washerwoman in the room scaped without injury. The murderer has been ill for two years. His mother wm insane before she died a year ago. The family of tbe victims are prominent. CHRONOLOGY OF THE WAR, ; Short, Sharp and Decisive Struggle. Brief Record of Events Culminating in the Freedom of Cuba One Hundred and Fourteen Days of Actual War The Cost and the ResultsInstructive Record. War against Spain was declared by the United States when the intervention resolutions passed by congress were signed on April 20. One hundred and fourteen days later the peace protocol was approved by the respective govern ments and the war ended. The substantial fruits of the war for the United States are the freedom of Cuba under American protectorate, American ownership of Porto Rico, of one of the Ladrone islands and of so much of the Philippine grcup as may be determined by the peace commissioners. The loss of life in battle on the Ameri can side was 274; including tbe Maine disaster. 551: wounded estimated at 1,580. The inception of tbe war goes back to February 24, 1895,when the insurrection broke out in three of Cuba s six prov inces. it raged with varying succesB lor three years when the United States be came involved. 1 be chiet events lead ing up to and during the war are as follows : January 24 Battleship Msine ordered to Havana on a peaceful mission. February 9 Spanish Minister De Lome's private letter, reflecting on Pres ident McKinley, published. February 10 Spanish Minister De Lome recalled. February 15 Battleship Maine blown up in Havana harbor; 2J6 lives lost. February 17 Board of inquiry into the loss of the Maine appointed. February 21 Board of inquiry begins Investigation at Havana. March 9 Emergency bill, appropriat ing 150,000,000 for national defense passed by congress. , March 19 Maine boaid of inquiry finishes its labors. March 28 Report of the board of in quiry sent to congress with a message from the president. March 29 Resolutions declaring war on Spain introduced in bo h houses of congre-s. . April 7 Representatives of European powers wait on the president in the iu ten at of peace. April 9 Consul General Lee leaves Havana, acompanied by many Ameri cans. April 11 The president sends a mes sage to congress recommending armed intervention in Cuba. April 16 War department orders regular troops to coast points. April 16 Intervention resolution passed by the senate. April 19 House of representatives agrees to the senate intervention reso lution. April 20 Intervention resolution signed by the president and an ultima tum sent to Spain ; Spanish Minister Polo y Bernabe asks for and secures his pa sports. April 21 United States Minister Woodford given hia passports at Madrid. April 22 North Atlantic squadron sails from Key West to blockade Cuban ports; first shot of the war fired by cruiser Nashville in capturing the Span ish coast trader Buena Ventura; block ade of Cuban ports proclaimed. April 23 Call issued for 125,000 vol unteers. April 25 Asiatic squadron starts for the Philippine Islands; sta'e militia ordered out, formal declara ion of war againtd Spain passed by congress ; Sec retary of Mate Sherman resigns. April 26 Spanish passenger steamer Panama captured by blockading fleet. April 27 State troops assembled at Lincoln; departure of Omaha Guards and lhuiston Kines for state rendez vous. April 27 Costly earthworks at Man tanzas shelled by American fleet. April 2S Movement of regulars to Tampa; Cabanas' forts .demolished by the crusier New York. April 29 Spanish fleet leaves Cape Verde; house jiasHes revenue bill. April 30 Commodore Dewey's fleet arr.ves at Manila; battleship Oregon arrives Rt Klo Janairo. May 1 Commodore Dewey's fleet at tacks and destroys Spanish fleet at Man ila; eleven ships sunk, two captured; 4U0 Spaniards killed, 600 wounded; six American seamen injured; Spanish fleet under Admiral Alonteto defeated and destroyed in Manila bay by United States tquadron. Commodore Dewey commanding; eleven .-paniah ships destroyed, no Americans killed. May 7 Commodore Dewey thanked by the president in tbe name of the American people. May 9 Congress tenders vote of thanks to Dewey and his men, orders commemorative medals struck, orders sword for Dewey and increases number of rear admirals: battleship Oregon ar rives at Bahia, Brr.il ; Commodore De wey promoted to rear admiral. May 11 Ensign Bagley and four men on the torpedo boat Winsl iw killed in an engagement off Cardenas. May 12 Admiral Samp on's fleet shells forts and land batteries at San Jun, Porto Rico. May 13 Flying squadron under Com modore Schley leav Fortress Mi nroe. May 16 Concentration of volunteers at Chickamaiiga begun ; Nebraska First departs for San Francisco and the Phil ippines. MrKlnlay Thank the trench. Paris, Ang. 15. After the signing of the protocol of peace between the United States and Spain at Washington Satur day President McKinley asked M. Jules Cambon the ambassador of Frame, to thank his government for its good offices In bringing about tbe reapproachment between the two nations and leading to the cessation ot hostilities. Presidsnt McKinley added that ao was pleased that the final peace negotiatoo are to be oadna4la Paris. May 19 SpanUh fleet enters harbor of Santiago de Cuba: Sampson Schley's ships unite at Key West; cond regiment Nebraska volanft start for Chickamauga; 11,000 regulars and volunteers for Manila reach 8aa Francisco. May 21 Spanish fleet bottled Bp hi Santiago harbor by Commodore Schley; cruiser Charleston sails with first relief supplies for Admiral Dewey. May 22 First relief expenition aalb from San Francisco for Manila. May 25 Second call for volunteer (75,000) issued. June 3 Lieutenant Hobsonand sevem men sink the collier M err i mac ia tho entrance of Santiago harbor; the crow captured and made prisoners. June 4 Senate passes the war revonao bill ; Captain Gridley of the cruiser Olympia dies at Kobe, Japan, on hia way home. J une 7 Monitor Monterey with collier Brutus sails from San Franciaco for Manila ; forts at Caimenera bombarded and destroyed. ' June 9 Forts at Guantanamo bay destroyed. June 10 Conference report on. war revenue bill adopted by both houaat of congress. Jane 11 American marines land ai Guantanamo. June 12 American marinea attacked by Spanish gueirllsaat Gaant aaako; four killed. K ' JnriA 13f3inAiul filiB(i...J.ti.wB- of 17,000 sail from Tampa. June 15 Dynamite cruiser Veaoviua tested on Santiago forts ; second relief expedion sails for fthe Pi ill'pines. June 20 General Shatter's army ar rives off Santiago. ( June 23 General Shaffer's army lands at Biaquiri; Monitor Monadnock sails from San Francisco for Manila. , June 14 Two thousand Spanish attack 1,000 Americans, rough riders and regu lars ; Spanish repulsed ; American loss 1.6. j June 26 Third expedition for Manila' sails from San Francisco. f June 27 Commodore Watson's fleet ordered to prepare for a descent on tho! -coast of Spain ; Spanish reserve sqoad-i ron reaches Port Said. i July 1 American troops move on tho city of Santiago and capture Spanish en trenchments; great loss sustained on both sides. , . July 2 American troops capture thoi heights of San Juan and El Caney; lose in both battles (official): Killed, 231; wounded, 1,283; missinir 81 : total 1.696. July 3 Admiral Cervera's entire fleet- of four cruisers and four torpedo boat de stroyers destroyed by the 1 merica fleet under Admiral Sampson andOommodor Schley; General Shatter demands tho surren der of Santiago. July 4 Request for truce by foreign consuls at Santiago granted by General Shatter ; first relief expedition arrivea at Manila . July 7 Lieutenant Hobeon and crew of the Merrimac exchanged for Spanish prisoners. July 8 Admiral Camara's fleet or dered back from Suez canal to Spain; congress adjourns. July 10 Admiral Cervera and 63S men, prisoners ol war, landed at Ports mouth, N. H. July 13 Colonel Bryan and the Ne braska Third mustered in. July 14 General Toral formally sur renders Santiago and troops and garri sons in easterd Cuba. July 15 Commissioner settle upon tho details of the surrender. July 16 General Shafter lakes formal possession of the city of Santiago; Ne braska Third given farewell reception at the exposition. July 17 Spanish flag taken down and "Old Glcry" hoisted on the public build ing in Santiago. July 18 third Nebraska departs for Jacksonville, Fla. July 20 General Miles starts with the army of invasion for Porto Rico. July 2a-t?eneral .Brooke and staff lenve Chickatnaugua, bound for Porto Kico. July 25 General Miles' expedition lands at Ouanica, i'orto Rico. July 26 Spain sues for peace through the French minister at Washington. July 29 City of Ponce, I'orto Rico, surrenders to t-ieneral Miles. July 30 United States replies to Spain's overtures for peace. July 30-31 Two night at tacks by tho Spainiards on American entrenchments near Manila repulsed; American loss, 13 kilh d, 48 wounded. August 3 -Second conference of tho French minixter and secretary of stat respecting peace terms. August 5 Cape San Juan, Porto Rico taken by American mar s. August 6 First detachment of Amer ican soldiers leaves Santiago. August 8 Spain's answer to United States' note reaches Washington. August 10 Protocol covering peaco terms presented by the United to tho French minister representing Spain, August 12 Peace protocol signed by representatives of Spain and the United Sutes. flnod Effect of Nanltarjr Mawrarsa. Santiago db Cuba, Aug. 15.-Oeneral Leonard Wood, military governor of t hia city, and a board of inspecting physi cians have Just completed a house-to-house inspection ot Santiago. Consider able sickness.mostly malaria aad dysen tery, was found, but no authentic aaoaf of yellow fever was disclosed. Tbasaai tary precautions takes siacotba ooeapa tionot Santiago by too Unitod fftataa (ones hare had the oSortof radaais ths average dally daaAb mtafrasn kj to sr.