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About The Sioux County journal. (Harrison, Nebraska) 1888-1899 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 2, 1897)
BENEATH IHE CITjES TALMAOE ON THE MENACE OF j THE CRIMINAL CLASSES Tfco Dynamite that Threatens Society A Plea for Better Prison and the Reclamation of the TUiou The Menace of the Id!. Our "Weekly 8nM, la thin e;mou I'r. Tulruae iu a start ling way Fpcaks of vv dangers threaten ing our greiit town a.wl e-ies and shows how the slumbering fires &iy be put oiu His text is Psalm Ixxx, l.'S, 'The boa: out ! of the wood doth waste it, and the wild beaut of the field doth devour it." By this homely but expressive figure Iavid sets forth the bad influence which iu olden time broke in upon God' herit age, as with swine's foot tramping and as with swine's snout uprooting the vine yards of prosperity. What was true then Is true now. There have leen enough trees of righteousness planted to over shadow the whole earth had it not lwcn for the axmen who hewed them down. The temple of truth would long ago have been completed bad it not been for the iconoclasts who defaced the walls and battered down the pillars. The whole earth would have beeu an Kscbol of rip eued clusters had it not been ihat "the boar has wasted it and the wild beast of the field devoured it." I propone to point out to you those whom I consider to be the destructive classes of toeiety. First, the public criminals. You ought not to be surprised that these peo ple make up a large proportion of many communities. In 1S!) of the 40,01 Hi peo ple who were incarcerated in the prisons of the country .!2,0(t were of fore'gn birth. Many of them were the very des peradoes of society, oozing into the slums of our cities, waiting for an opportunity to riot f-nd steal and debauch, joining the large gang of American thugs and cut throats. There are in our cities -ople whose entire business in life is to commit crime. That is as much their business as jurisprudence or medicine or merchandise is your bustntiis. To it they bring all their energies of body, mind and soul, and they look upon the iutt-rreguuui which they upend in prison as so much unfortu nate loss of time, just as you look upon au attack of influenza or rheumatism which fastens yon in the house for a few days. It is their lifetime business to pick pockets, ajid blow np s-t'es, and shoplift, and ply the panel rat::'-, and they have as dun Is pride of skii", in their business as you have in yours when you upset the ar gument of an epposint- counsel, or cure a gunshot fra-lure which other surgeons have given up. or foresee a turn in the market so you buy goods just ltefore they go up 20 per cent. It is their business to oouituit crime, and I do not suppose that slice iu a year the thought of the immor ality strikes them. Addeil to these pro fessional criminals. American and for eign, there is a large class of men who are more or less industrious in crime. Druhkenness is responsible for much of the theft; since it confuses a rami's ideas rf property, and he gets his hands on things that do not belong to him. Hum is responsible for much of the assault and battery, inspiring men to sudden bravery, which they must demonstrate, though it be on the face of the next gentleman. Reclaim the Criminal. You help to pay the board of every luminal, from the sneak thief who natche & spool of cotton up to some man who enacts a "Brack Friday." More than hat, It touches your heart in the moral 4eprelon of the community. Yon might M veil h:nk to stand in .1 'osclr confined room where there arc fb'iy eople ami yet not breathe the vitiated air as to stand in a community where then- are so many of t die depraved without somewhat being .wtnrvmiiettott Wtvit !: tile tire tllflt lnim your store down inmtiared with the con flagration which cons tices your mortis? What is the theft of the gold and silver from voi'." money safe compared with the 'heft of "our children's virtue V We -ire nil rea?y to armtgn criminal. f shoal st thr lop of our voi e. "Stop tint':" and when the police get on the track 've come our lint less and in our slippers and assist in the arrest. We ioiio- round the hnwl wig ruffian mid husi'e- li m off to justice, nd w hen he gets iu p. is. 01 what do we do for him ? With greu gii-ro we putsu the handcuffs and the hopples, but what nie parat!on nrc r e making for the day wtoa the I.E.vieuff end hopple come off? So ciety seems o say t; these criminal. "Villain, go in there and rot!" when it ought to ay"Yon .ire an offender against the law. but we mean to give you nn op portunity 'repent; we meri to help you. Here are I Sables and tracts ir:d Christian influences, Christ il-Yd for ,,'ou. Look and live." Va -t Improvements have been made by introducing industry into 'he prison, but we- want something more than hammer at:d shoe lasts to reclaim the le(ij(le. Aye. ,uc want more thjn ennoiis ou Iho Sabbath day. Society must impress tle-se men with the fact that it does not enjoy their sufl'ciinz and that it is attempting o reform and elevate them. The majority of cHinimils suppose that society has a grc L-e against them, sod they in turn bait.- a grudge against society, Whr Ho Man - (io Buck. They are harder iu .. -'.rt ami inor- mi mate when they com,- out of jail thnr. when tbey went in. Many people ho go to prison go again and again .and ag iin. Some years ago. of l,."(lli prisoners wan during he yenrbad leen in Sing fling 1"i had been there 'before. In a house ef correction to the country, where during n rertnia reach of time there had been r.isKi people, more than o,(nwi had been tine ler.",re. So, in one case the prim and in the other case the bouse of correction left them jut as hUdr)(they were liefore. 1 have no sympathy with that executive clemency which won Id let crime run loose or which would nit in the gallery of court room weeping because aonte hnrrl hearted wrrteb is brought to justice. Inn I ilo say that the safety and life of the community deniarel more potential influ ence In behalf of these offenders. I atepped Into one of the prison of one of oar great citie and the air wm like thai of tbe Black link? of Calcutta. As Oa air awept through the wicket it a I Mat knocked me down. No annligbt. Voting men who had committed their first erinte crowded In among old offender. I aaw ther one wotaan. with a child almost Oad. who had been s treated for the crime , f potertjr, who was waiting until the ' aiaw law lawM tak her t ;be aito.houe. . Ctf tttfwlly Moagad. but ahe w,m f a lawnr jfkm aer eaiM. answ. 'f ig itaf 'anH wrttekeaaf ifce ton. f.tZXXlH jiHa aUad lie thai t - ivl. to Mite ik- . . ,-1. 1 ..-.(.' .. M'-; J'. V . , 1 i ::iri!t:z.: i I inll iimu the judite of our eoHM to ipone the infamy. I demand, iu behalf of those incarcerated prisoner, fresh air and clear sunlight, and. in the name or him who had not where to lay hi bead, a couch to rest ou at night. Had Men in Place of Vower. Id this class of uprooting and devouring population sre untrustworthy nnVinls. "Woe unto thee. () land. when th.- king is a child and thy prime drnk in the iiiortitiJti -' It is a great calamity to a city when bad men get into public authority. Why was H that in New York there was such unparalleled crime between l''i and ls"l? It was b'i ause the judges of police in that city for the most part were as cor rupt as the vagabonds that came More them for trial. Those were the days of high carnival for election frauds, assassi nation and forgery. We had the "w hisky riiic," and the "Tatninany riuK," and the "Erie ring" There wan one man during those years that got $12S,0tM) in oue year for serving the public. In a few year it was estimated that there were $."),l,X. fNH) of -public treasure squandered. In those times the criminal bad only to wink to the judge, or his lawyer would wink for him. and the question wag decided for the defendant. Cf the 8,1 Ml people ar rested in that city in one year only ,'5.tHMJ were punished. These little matters were 'fixed up," wtr.'o the interests of society were ' fixed down." Let it be known in thin country that crime will have no quarter; that the detectives are after it; that the police club is being brandished; that the iron door of the pris on is being opened; that the judge in ready to call the case. Too great leniency to criminals is too great severity to society. The Menace of th'c Idle. Among the uprooting and devouring classes in our midst are the idle. Of course I do not refer to the people who are getting old or to the sick or to those who cannot get work, but I tell you to look out for those athletic men and wom en who will not work. When the French nobleman was asked why he kept busy w hen he bad so large a property, he said: "I ki-ep on engraving so I may not hang myself." I do not care who the man is, ho cannot afford to be idle. It is from the idle elates that the criminal clause are made ui. Character, like water, gets pu trid if it stands Mill too long. Who can wonder that in this world, w here there is so much to do and all the host of earth and heaven and hell are plunging into the conflict and angels are Hying and ed is at work and the nnivi re is a (juakc w ith the Marching and countermarching, God lets his indignation fall upon a man who choose Idleness' I have watched the-do-llothrtigs who spend their time stroking their beard and retouching their toilet and eritic;slng industrious people and pass their days and nights in barrooms ami club houses, lounging and smoking and chewing and card playing. They are not only useless, but they are dangerous. How hard it is for them to while away the hours! Alas, for them! If they do not know how to while away au hour, what will they do when they have all eternity on their bauds? These men for awhile smoke the best, cigars and wear the best broad cloth and move in the highest spheres, but I have noticed that very noon 'they come down to the prison, the almshouse or stop at the gallows. The police statiotm of two of our cities furnish annually 2U0 lodging. For the most part, these 2ix),J00 lodgings are furnished to able-bodied men ami women people as able to work as ydu and I are. When they are received no longer at one polb r-tation. because they are "repeat ers," they e to wane other station, and so they keep moving around. They get their food at house doors, Mealing what they can lay their hands on in the front bn semen t while the servant is spreading ivill not work. Time and again, in the country districts, they have wanted hun dreds and thousand of laborers. Those men will not go. They do not want to work. I have tried them. I have wt them to sawing wood in my cellar, to ssj wheth er they wanted to ork. I offered to pay them well for it. I have heard the saw going for about three minut-s. and then 1 -went downand lo. the wood, but no sa w!. Two Million Loafers. They iire the pest of society, ind they stand in the way of the Ird's poor, who nn'M V; !-e heli-d, and will lie helped While there thousands of industrious men who cannot get any work, these men who do not want any work come in and make that plea at night at public expeiiv in the station house; during the day, get fing their food at yvur doorstop. Impris onment do-s not scare Chora. They would like it. Blackwell's Island or Moyamen sing prison would le a comfortable home for them. They would have no objection i ,. the almshouse, for tbev like thin soun. if they cannot get mock turtle. I like for that class of people the scant bill of fare that Paul wrote out for the Tbessalonytn loafers. "If any work not. neither sbojOd he (-at." By what law of Cod or i:::iii Is it right that you and I should toil day in and day out until our. hands are blistered and our arms m hearid our brain gets numb, and then be ciilled njmu to support what in the United States are about 2.NU"0 loafers? They are a very dangerous class. Let the public an Iboritie keep their eyes on tlioni. Among the uprooting classes I plio-e the oppressed poor. Poverty to a certain ex .tttit is iha. filing. But after flint, whi it drive n man to the wall and he beur bis children cry in vain for bread, it some time make him desis-rate. I thiat there are thousand of honest men laeer a'ttl into vagabondism. '1'here are ii-n crushed under btirdi ti for which they are twd half paid. While there is no excusw for criminality, own iu oppression, I state it as n simple fact that much of the-seoun-drelism of the community i consequent iiMn ill trt-titnient. There are many men' ami women ha tiered nnd bruiaed and stung until the hour of despair haa come! and they stand with the ferocity of a wild beust which, pursued until it can run no longer, turns round, fiwiming and bleed ing, to light the hounds. There is a vast underground city life that is appalling and shameful. It wallow and steams with putrefaction. You go down the stairs, which are wet and de cayed with filth, and at the bottom you find the p""' victims on the floor cold, sick, three-fourth dead, slinking into a still darker corner under the gleam of the lantern of the poliep. There ha not been n bren'.h of fn-h air in that room for fire year literally. There they are men, women, children; btacki. whiten; Mary MagriaJaa wlthont her rej-ntance and Ijixaraa wHhont hi floti. These are the "dire" Into which fh pickpocket and Hh thlerea go. a we. u a greai many ito waw 11. j direr Mfa. imi caawot get it. These p!a-i tr ahe aanm mt th city which blevd p is-tosl corruption. They are the underl.-iiig volcano that threatens ua with a Caracas earthitiake. It rolls Hi, roars and surge and heaven and rocks and blaspheme and die. And there are only two outlet for it the po lice court and the tter'i field. In other words, they must either go to priw.u or to bell. Oh, you never saw it, you aay! You never will see it until on the day when these staggering wretches shall come up in the light of the judgment throne and while all heart are being revealed God will ask ou what you did to help them. The Koneat Poor. There is another layer of poverty ani d-stitution- -not so squalid, but aduiost al helpless You hear their incessant wail ing for tread and clothes and tire. Their eyes are sunken. Their cheek bones stand out. Their hands are damp with slow con sumption. Their flesh i puffed up with dropsies. Their breath is like that of a charnel house. They hear the roar of the w bills of fashion overhead md the gay laughter of men and maidens and wonder why (iod gave to others so much anu .0 them so little; some of them thrust into an infidelity like thttt of the poor German girl who. when told in the midst of her wretchedness that God was g'ssl, she said: "No; no go) God. Just look at ni". No good God." Iu thtsie American cities, whose cry of want I interpret, there ate hundreds and thousands of honest poor who are dc)'nd ent upon individual, city and State chari ties. If all their voices could come up at once, it would be a groan that would shake the foundations of the city and bring all earth and heaven to the rescue. But. for the most part, it suffers unex pressed. It sits in silence, gnashing its teeth and incking the blood of its own ar teries, writing for the judgment day. Oh. I should mil wonder if on that day it would be found e" that some of us h.ni some things that belonged to them, some extra garment which might have made them comfortable on cold days; some bread thrust into the ash barrel thac might have appeased their hunger for u little while; some wasted candle or gas jet that might have kindled up their sick ness; some fresco on the ceiling that would have given them a roof; some jewel which, brought to that orphan girl in time, might have kept her from being crowded off the precipice of an unclean life; some New Testament that would have told them of him n ho "came to seek and to save that which was lost!" Oh. this wave of vagrancy and hunger and nakedness that dashes against our front doorstep. 1 wonder if you hear it and see it as much as I hear it and ee it! I have teen al most frenzied with the fs'ns'tual cry for he!, from all classes and from all nations, knocking, knocking, ringing, ringing. If the roofs of nil the houses of destitution could bo lifted so we could look down into them just as God look, whose tu nes would be strong enough to stand !t?g And yet there they are. The Highest Seats. 'I he sewing women, some of them in hunger and cold, working night after night, until sometimes the blood spilrU from noHtriland lip-how well their grief was voiced by that despairing woman who stood by her invalid husband ci valid child and aid to the ciry mission ary: "I am downhearted. Everything' against us, and then there are other ' things." "What other things?" wiid the ft ty missionary , "Oh," she replied, "my Rin." ,"nnt 'o yu mean by that?'; "Well,"! she said, "I ever hear or -e any thin? good. It's work from Monday morning to Saturday night, and then when Sunday come I can't go out, and I walk the floor, and it make me tte.mhle to think that I have got to meet God. Oh. sir, it's so hard for us. We have to work so. and then we hare so much trouble, art then we are getting along so, imhZ, and see this wee little thing gTowixg weaker and w eaker, and then to tKes; we are get ting no nearer to God, but floating away from him oh, sir, I do wish I wa readv to die!" . 1 should not wondr if they had a good deal better time than we in tbe future to uiiike up for the fact that they had such a bud time here. It wnuld be just like ,IeuS to ay. "(Viiii.. up and take the highest s.iits. You sufferd with me on earth. Now be glorified with me in henven." () thou w.s-ping One f Bethany! O thou dying One of the cross! Have mercy ou the starving, freezing, homcle tsMr ol these great cities! A Holier l!r. pt ism. I want yon to knot? who are the up rooting clasps of society. I want you t lie more discriminating in your charities. I want your heart open with genenwity aud your hands t.ion with charity. I want to be made the sworn friends of all city evanwlJitn, "and all newsboya lodg. ing houses, and all children's aid societies Aye, I want you to send the Dorcas Sis ciety all the cant -tiff clothing, (hat undef the skillful manipulation of the wives and mother and sister and daughter the garments may lie fitted on the cold, bare fst and on the shivering limbs of the de titute. I should not wonder If that hat that you give should come back a jeweled coronet, or that garment that yon th's week band out from your w ardrobe should mysteriously be wbiteinsl and somehow wrought into the Saviour's own roU-. so in tbe last day be would run his hand over it and say, "I was naked and ye clothed me." That would U- putting your gar ment to glorious uses. l-tesides all this, 1 want you lo appreci ate in'tbe contrast how ery kindly God has dealt with yon in your eorrorta ble home, at your well filled table and at the warm register, and to have yon look al the round face of your children and then at the review of God's gwslnes to yon go to your room awl lock ihe dor and knee! down and say: "O Lord, I hare beer auingrate! Make mp thy child. O Ixwd, there are o many hungry and unclad and unsheltered to-day, I thank thee that all my life thou hast taken atich good care of me! O I.ord. there are no many ick and crippled children to-day, I thank thee mtn are well, some of them on earth, some of them in heaven! Thy goodiwew, O Lord, break me down! Take aae once and for ever. Sprinkled a I w many year ago at the altar, while my mother held ma, now I consecrate my soul to f,, a holier baptism of repenting tear. "For i inier. Ixird, thon cam'at to bleed, And I'm a sinner vile ind.-ed. Iird, I believe thy grace la frea. Oh. magnify that grace In me!' Copyright. Ihii7. The Crowd.-Id tbe rural population the Individual la the chief factor, ll the city "Ihe crowd." Ther nd ba no conflict between the two eltaMU If there be alncere efforta to ncogalaa them. Indeed, there ran not bo, tm the .Individual la alao a pari of "tiMr crowd, or of aonio crowd.-K. Tf. U I Uwnonr, HajMlat, Cblccg. tJL EUROPE'S Pt ACE MONARCH. sar( Kin of Rwtdrn, Who Htaeul Kim Feet Three. In clLaiuin the mountain and irithing the pure Halt brceaea of tbe lea, were a spleielld preparation for lur sumerat H p. ti. We hurrieI aotue hat, as there was to be a soiree at ::0, at wliicb the King was expected o be present. I had never tei n the Kin and was wry anxious to dee hi Majesty, of whom I knew aud had beard so much. We succeeded in KH iing good p'tlees ol) the gallery atil in t few niiiiutes bis Majesty. Kiu Oscar, iiree members of the Cabinet iiml oth ?r ilistjj;tiislie(l guests w alktd iuto the m'.'.. Kit? Oscar U tbe peace inoimrch t Europe. His re!;4ti wi'.l 1m- twetity 3ve years of duration next tiioiith nnd ibat periml o.' tiu.e has lif'ti one of row lb. de t loptiietit anil ltK-reHstsl prosperity for Swdeti, but nut by arum it war. but by more vigorotts luilus tries. Increased pi pul.ir e.hieatiou, ami bi.siiiess rlrineipics Hpp'.ieil to evcry iay life. Tie Kit: is th" most '.earned titoiurc-h living, au cmmiucui sic:iker, most cDtertainiti con ve ra t'.on.-C.ibt. a poet of uote, but ali a uipi.miai ana astute lminf mau. Hut he Is soinethlax more. He is tbe nearest and dearest friend of his leo p!e. It seems lbnt be has not au enemy I !n Swislen. No nibllUts In that Luther- en and educated country. The Kind's ear is ojien to everjlxuly. that Is tbe reason. Reforms and progress and de- m MVO 10 A II. ve.opnienl by M-acefti! means are the order of 1 be day. Yon. some wanted matters to move faster, but sure is let ter than fast. There be stands, "every Inch a king." Oscar II. is six feet three tail, ! in good Hib, W yt-ar obi. but bis gait is that of a young, man. He wears a full gray beard, trimmed ijuiit abort, and looks very tinich like bis portraits. He was (lresfsscd In dark colored sack coat, a white vest, and carried hin white tour ist and Bailor cap in bis baud. No sol dier, no body guard, no detective around that king. Ills Majesty walked about lu tbp hall, coke with cveryliody. It aeviued. sat down a minute here and a minute there, was all Joy and sun shine to his friends and stibjwtK, and loo kid for all tbe world like one of our own muni popular PiW.dems, only Riiore democratic, more friendly than any public man of note that I have met in America. The King ba been busy with Cabinet ineetmgs these days, but was gracious enough anyway to allow me a brief audience, which I appreciated very much. He well remembered Heihany College. His Majesty has been tbe friend of that western Institution for many years, and our gratitude, which I lrs.oual!y expressed, is deep and sin cere. Ob, bow King Oscar love dear old Sweden. lie asked many rriewtlotm I" . !'urry concerning my impression ' conditions obtaining in bis Uin-i-i.jiij in genenil, and nls-iut the grc-tt expositiou aL-Stx kholin. An expression of his Majesty I will never forget it Is so characteristic of blm nnd bin reign "Here I live In peace and joy with my iKHple." There stands ihe King, tbe peace monarch on tbe Kiinre, as our M earner leave land, waving good -by to h' three Cabinet members ou board, and to all and everyone of tbe ixiasenjfers In geaeral. Iiigllve King Oscar, and many well wishes for hla hapjiy reign and king dom. Christiana Ietler to the TojM-ktt CapKal. flees in War tare, ' On two historical occasion U-cs were employed a weniMin of war. The llrst i relaited y Appltin of the tiiege of Themiscyra In run tu In coiuiei-tion with LuetilluH, when be was engag-d In bia war afcalnut Mithridate. Tur ret were brought up, mounds were built and huge mine were made by tbe Roman. The people of Tbciniwyra dug open these mine from above, and through Ibe bole cast down uimiii the workmen bear and other wild animal and swarm of bee. In-fore whom tbe emwiy fled precipitately. The second Incident wag een at the siege of the Dane and Norwegian up on Cheater, when (hat city wa de fended by the Raxong with tbelr Gallic auxillarlcM. Tbe Kaxona threw down the bealetfcra all tbe beehive to be found In the toV n. and the bec ao mal treated tbe enemy tbat they are obliged to dealat and aoon left the city !n pence. Cat Poatac 0Utmpa la Half. "Hoinetlmea we flbd tbat ieojle have cut HtaiuM Iu half when they want one of half tbe denomination," aUl the red headed jioatal clerk In (-barge of the oddltlea of tbe malUttc matter a he entered la bla Humnallable llf egg, bacon, cucombera, an entire goose, a tata bead and aome bof poiaon. ' "Ton ffoakl expact tkat the people who do tbat aroold ba Inanlfranta with tk odor aftteatavraca alia dSaMflftff ! 66n. U U fcf ao mum Ufca km to afctrtitt:jC half of a 4-cent atariip." hois n enve!ffif addre'd iu m:-h a : : hand that It indicateil a Nrw 1 origin. "I notified Ihe Header by addreg In the comer o? :be cuvil. , that her Iotti-r was lelii? 'held uji' aud when tbe next day I saw a little, wlii haired old lady In Mack come br.sK'.y In 1 guessed correctly tbat she bud come for Ib'a letter. When 1 told her that it bad not gone because of a mu tilated stamp she looked unrhcd even when I showed br the envejope. In a sweet, gentle, but protesting way she Insisted that the stamp was not muti latedthat having no 2-cent stamp she had cut a 4 -ceii t ftauip In twoand she ad b'd reproachfully that she was sorry that there bad been any delay! " 'If you bad a $10 bill would you ex pect to tear It Into tt-ntlin and have the pieces each buy a dollar's worth of dry goods?" "She paid her 2 cents with the air of the woman forced lo keep dress goods she has soiled when she knows she can get the same thing for h-s money acr.isj the strei-t, but wild scornfully: 'Th's must be a dreadfully uiiaccoinmo datlnz poMotlice- I jiity Chicago people. Down Hast tht-y make no such fussy requirements.' "Chicago Titmti Herald. ORIGIN OF TABLE UTENSILS Even Huriim the Middle Ages People Ate with Their Finger Tbe use of the fork date liack only to the seveiKei-mh century. The old Greeks, although their civilization was much advanced, ate with tbl-ir littgej-s. as gruc-ful!y as possible. I'liitanli mentions the rules to be followed when eating with the lingers, and this Is one of the most Interest,! ng passages In li;s description of uutliue customs. In the middle ages people still ate with their fingers. It Is inte enough that ablti' tions took plaiv Ix-fore and after a menl, but, s.;lll. that ciistotn was any thing but cb-nti. Much of the guests al a dinner was first offered a basin and a pitcher of water, and It was bad farm to help one' self to any of the viands before having carefully washed bands nnd face. (iobL-nilths finally Invented forks, 1 u 1 at first they were objects of luxury, nnd were tistsl only at time when they might just as well have Im-cii done with out. The first mention of forks in made in a document dated l.'ioo, which says that l'w-rre On vent on. the favorite of Kdward H., iMwsscd tbres' "ftircJie tes" (forks) for eating pear, cbei-si. ami sandwiches. It was more thon llmj years later Is-forc forks were used fo' lih and meat. Ailxitrt the second de'ade of the kcv entwnth century a picture of the Uoya! Prince of France show that be carried a case containing a knife, a sioon and wlwit looks very uutch like a fork. Glasses awl drinklntf cup were flrt flrnt nsade of wood or tin. In the fif teenth century Venice manufactured tbe wonderful glassware which .re placed on the table of tbe "Siegneurs" tbe heavy oaken or rntal cup foranerly iwod. ,uia were not known pre vious to the fifteenth century, nnd even lu the sixteenth century they wcie rath er scarce ami bad no distinct name. Tlwy were described a "an article In which to place and lndd an egg," or "a sever luiu to jilftce au es In." Salt cellars also date from tbe fif teenth century. Goldsmith excelled In making nrt'.t!c wilt cellars, and th one modeled for Khn? Franc m I. of France by Iteuvcnttto Cellini was a wonderful work of art. People In gen eral did not know the use of salt c;lhin atxl even among wealthy families, ii wa the ciisjtoin to br'iik a pbee o! bread and to place the salt for each individual upon the bread. I'lil'.adel. pb'.a Kisi-ord. Hlue Inside. "Why ate these cn v elopes made blue on tbe Inside'" asked a Star n-pr rtcr, looking at a siH-cirnen which a whole sale Klatloner held In bla band. "For 11 very ni tuple reason." was tbe reply. "One of the most Important re sults in making envelope Is to prevent transparency. Many white papers ar so transparent that by careful scrutiny tbe contents of envelopes, made of such matcriul. may be determined. For in stance, let us put a sheet of pni-r with writing on It Into this envelope. Lcl us also insert a bank check. W'e will now Heal ll, ami bold It lo the llgbl tbUH. There, you cannot only see the bank check, but you can also reud many of the word, on the aheet of paper. Tblsi can be prevented either by getting a very thick and hlgh-prleed eiivciojM', which is nol transparent, ot acaroelj trausjKireut, r by taking I chcapcj grade of pnjier which I blue 011 oif able. We fell thousand of packaget yearly of blue envelopes-that Is. envel opes which are blue on the outside, but moat people do not like them uu ac count of their color. So to get over tb difficulty, and Kfill make au envelop! that will bide the content and not l high-priced, the manufacturer Usea pa per which la blue on one aide nnd whit! on the other. One factory In New Yorl 1 urn out over 1,00,HJ0 of audi envel ope every day, and their anle In larft eitle I cnormou." Washington Star Her Noe Vindicated. The report of the nndlng of the big get nugget of gold yet discovered ll tbe Yukon country appear to bar! been forwarded by the flrat nawapapai correspondent of the female acx to ar rive In tbat country. The. woman la Jonrnallam thu again vindicate bei none for newa. Boston Herald. Alaakaai Inaaota. Tbe whole Yukon region la affllctet by dooda of bloodthlraty cnoaqaktoaa accotnpaalad by a TbMllotiTa aHy la tai ahapa of a poaaonan Mack if. Wa aomattataa think Ua4 paopk aV at dla 9i fts taaj watnrf aciroa atau ; I ow to Hundte the Family Wah. "The 'laundry work, one of the uiohI fmMirt,tlit of our domestic tasks, I. an t rule, left entirely fo the management of untrained household servant," write Mrs. S. T. Korer iu the Ladle' Home Journal, telling bow to do the family washing. "And being untrain ed, they naturally select tbe most dif ficult way of doing what, under proper conditions, should Ik- easy work. The person resiionslblc for the family wash should really understand a certain amount of chemistry, in order to pre serve the coloring In different fabrics. ami to understand how to remove stalrrs and various ots. To prevent the fiannelH from shrinkage she should know the condition and character of the fllier of wool, and the difference lietweeii that and the liber of cotton. If tbe coloring matter In a colored gar ment Is acid an alkaline soap w ill dis solve or neutralize It. ami the garment will come from the wash entirely fad oil. The average housewife return lit the laundry nil articles Improperly laundered, but she fails to pin to each article a little suggestion of bow they may be made better, with the result flint the articles are returned again the next week In exactly tbe same un satisfactory condition," Flavoring Floor. Very few hotisckeotiers know how easily flour absorb the odor of limp, oil or tunny other things placed near it. It should be stored lu a dry, but cool place. Flour barrels should lie placed on a nick that lifts them a few Inches nlsive the floor. This prevent their drawing dampness to the liottom of the barrel, as they do when set on Urn floor. Flour barrels should be kept closely covered. It is not sufficient to merely cover them loosely with an or dinary wooilcu cover, though thin U lienor than nothing. Tbe wooden cov er keeps out the dust, but an airtight cover, such as are manufactured for this purpose, keeps out atmospheric odors nn well. New York Tribune. I'urincri Tomutocs. Cut the tomatoes Into halves, place tlu-iii In a baking pun skin side down, sprinkle lightly with salt and pepper ami put in the center of each a tiny bit of butter. Hake slowly until soft. IMsh, and add to the lbtior In the pan .me pint of milk. Moisten two level U blospitoiifiils of Hour with a little cold milk; add It to the pan and stir con stantly 11nt.il boiling. Add a fcasiioon ftil of Knit, a dash of pepper, and pour It over the tomatoes. Garnish with Hitiares of toast, and serve. Fruit M11 Bins. Sift together two cups of sifted flour, half a teasHonftil of salt, three level tcflsiMiiftilH of baking tiowder and two rounding tablespoouful of sugar. Beat one egg until light, add to It a acant cupful of milk, and pour them over the dry Ingredient; add two tnblesioon- fuls of melted butter. Stir Just long enough to mix. Add one cupful of dried currants, or any kind of fresh Ix-rrh'f. drop in greased gem pan and bake fifteen tnltiiitcs In a ijulck oven. Crca in Ciind j. Place over the lire a vessel containing two large cupful of granulated sugar and half a dozen tnblespoonf ills of water. Set it to Isill until, when a lit tle Is dipped Into cold water. It will harden. The moment It will do this add two ie;isHonfiis of cream of tar tar Then 1 urn It Into a buttered dish, and when cool eiioiit'li to bundle pull it until it Is while, cut. Into short length nnd set away to gel cold line Way to Look Onion. KeiiHive ibe lojis, tails nnd thin unlet skin of the onions, but no more, lest the onions cook to pieces. Spread llietn over the bottom on a pan large enough to iiojd t hem without placing one on ion tisui n not tier. Hardy cover then with salted water and let them wiue' mer gently until they are well (-(Hiked, without breaking to pieces. Then serve with melted butter For I'lcuiiliiK Marble. Try common table salt. It require no preparation, and may In1 rubbed di rectly on the discolored surface . with a pbH'c of bouse flannel. Salt will alao clean washbasin and any other dtsct.: ored crockery. Kitchen Kconomy, ' , Pastry brushes should ! washed I soon 11 used and put In a warm place, io dry, A little water In the tul or bucket will prevent (hem from falling to pieces. A iiiart of fine sand at 2 ecu is will do Ibe w ork of three hiiiikIs of scouring soap costing 5 cents each. Pieces of brown paper should , folded and put Into a Utile wall sicket oti tbe back of the miitry dsir. New Irons, such as sad Irons, frying pans or waffle Irone, should lie heated slowly or they will he likely to crack. , HrootiiH should lie rested on the han dle or hung, In order that the bristles may, remain perfectly straight; they should 0fW lie used for scrubbing. Brushes are made for this purpose. White of egglf, avi one or two at a lime, kept In a cool place, may be used for ntigel' food, cornstarch cake, whit layer cake, apple snow, or added to Ibe various fruit sponge. Old tablecloth may be - cut kilo Miiarea and hemmed, to nae over tea screen on which you turn your cakoa and bnna to cool. Tbey will alao eerra at' ! cloth. I eel'"'