KPUCATION AL NOTF.3.
The averare. attendance at the public
schools f.f Chimin Jurirns fv ptcniifi
was 194, 83t, tin in. reu of 12.M0 In a
year.
Philadelphia la short of school mom.
yet the authorities are paying JJ k day
each l thirty men am five nurnen to
drum up truants.
The ucce.i of the textile schools In
the nearby towna haa led New Bedford,
Mass., to appropriate t-j.M) fur the es
tablishment of one within its rondnen.
Another fc5,000 will be received from the
state.
The public school children of Wash
ington are to celebrate "Admission tiay"
on Thursday. November 11, that date
being the eighth anniversary of th- ad
mission of the Evergreen state, en they
tyle it into the union.
It will cost the city of St Louis 1100,000
this year to supply all its schools with
free text books, and being reluctant to
expend as much money at once, the city
will only make a beginning of it, la
tending to make the supply complt te in
time.
The Philadelphia Record says tht
thia year's students in the University
f Pennsylvania are "particularly full
of deviltry. Fights, rushes, sign -stealing,
and all sorts of mischief have been
rife, and the police have certainly had
their hands full.
The announcement is made that the
University of Virginia will hereafter be
kept open all year. The year will be di
vided into four quarters, or terms, be
ginning the 1st days of January, April
July and October. No students or in
structor will be expected to work at
the university more than nine months
I tne twelve unless ne so uesires.
The University of Missouri receives
$23,023 from the estate of the late John
C. Conley, under the operation of a law
recently passed by the legislature,
which provides that if a man dies leav
ing no father, mother or direct lineal
descendants, a certain per cent of his
estate, excluding any amount left lor
Charities or religious purposes, must
go to the state university.
Prof. Thurston of Cornell university
announces that hereafter graduates
coming to Cornell from the best tech
nical schools must begin the senior
year, instead of ranking as graduate
students, while the graduates at the
average technical college can rank
only with those beginning the junior
year, instead of ranking as seniors. This
action Is based upon the claim that the
Sibley college of mechanical engineer
ing outclasses all other engineering
Schools by a full year's work.
The effects of bad hearing, says
Oscar Christman In the Northwestern
Monthly, are quite disastrous to Ihe
school room. One can almost with cer
tainty say that every dull child, every
vicious child, every stupid, staring
child has defective hearing in light or
Strong degree. One very careful in
vestigator is so impressed with the re
sults of his investigations that he de
mands that "every Inattentive child
Should have his ears examined." To
show that I am not overstating thia
some of the results will be given, re
ported prior to 1893, so no one can say
that these are overdrawn pictures of
child-study enthusiasts. Saxton, in
New York, four seventy-eight defective
hearing pupils among 570 examined,
only one of whom was known to be deaf
by his teacher.
On His Uncle's Account.
He didn't look like a man with money
to buy luxuries, but, nevertheless, as he
entered the fur store, he was received
with the usual smile and usual query.
"You could make me a pair of bear
skin gloves, I presume?" he said, as ha
looked about.
"Oh, certainly. I have one of the fin
est skins here I ever handled. Bearskin
gloveo are going to be all the rage this
winter. ,
"I do not care for style," said the
stranger as he smoothed down the lur
before him. "1 want the gloves more for
memory's sake than anything else. I
I. Please excuse my emotion will you?
I never see a bearskin without bavin?
the tears spring to my eyes. Poor
Uncle John! Will you think It woman
ish of me to weep?"
"Oh, no. sir. Was your Uncle John
nd a black bear somehow connected?"
"They were. He was one of nature's
noblemen, sir, and I was his pet ne
phew. Have you an hour to spare this
morning to listen to my story?"
"Well, hardly. I can make you a pair
Of bearskin gloves for about $25."
"My Uncle John my noblest and
dearest of all uncles, was killed and
eaten by a black bear," said the stran
ger, as his eyes filled again. "You see
why I want the gloves as a souvenir
of a departed relative. Kvery time I
held out my hands I should think of
poor Uncle John. He was eaten up so
clean that they only found a leg bone.
Kxcuse me, while 1 weep. It may seem
Childish, but I can't help it."
"Do you want a pair of gloves?"
asked the furrier, after giving the
stranger a full minute to control his
feelings.
"Not at $25." was the reply. "While
my Uncle John was noble and dear. I
couldn't pay that price. Perhaps if I
carried a piece of bearskin in my pocket
it would do just as well. Poor Uncle
John! No one knows what he suffered
before he was devoured. How big a
piece would you sell me for $1?"
"I'll sell you this bit here. If your
only object is to remember your uncle
John, it will answer as well as a whole
bear. Shall I cut it off?"
"My dear friend." said the stranger,
as he turned on him with brimming
eyes, "a thought has just entered my
bead. Perhaps you may feel like giving
me something to remember my Uncle
John by? It need not necessarly be a
piece of bearskin."
"It could be something else, eh?"
queried the furrier, who caught on at
last.
"It could, sir. I have told you of my
trade's fate. You know what my feel
ings are. Whatever you wish to give
will always be gratefully considered a
double souvenir."
"Yes, I see. This way, please. Yes,
I will give you something, and here it
Is. Take that and that and that!"
"Were those kicks In memory of my
Uncle?" asked the man. as he stood on
the curbstone and looked back.
"They were, sir!"
"Then I thank you, sir. It was Just
M well as if I had paid $25 for a alr
at bearskin gloves. I am ahead you
are ahead and all is well. This was a
call on Uncle John's account. I'll drop
ta this afternoon and strike you for 10
Cants for a night's lodging for myself!"
Fablberg, nearly twenty years ago,
Recovered that a sweet substance called
saccharins could be extracted from "oal
t-w. Wbea hygienic considerations ren
4 red it desirable. It could be eubstl-
J jtad (or sugar la one's food and drink,
t aoatd be easily shipped, as a pound
II said to be equal to 200 pounds of
I r. rahlberg patented his process of
t Jtafacturtng the commodity in 1883,
f t tta time It made Its appearance In
; drug bouses in tnis country and
Recently js. R. navtgny, an
baa invented a new process
I i avfacturlnc the article, at about
Jl of tfi pneo it formerly cost
r t kJa arodaet "sugarine" and
- l t t it $ M tunes as sweet at
lit tm tmrm; It ta (rat from
fj," aa4 Lajrtty found la
few aaCr;f works,
i e JJsWnJP StsMBs tttsH
WORTHY OF DANTE ANDDOBt.
Crlm Scenes In Norway, at De
scribed by Lecturer Stoddard.
An we sailed fur(hr up thus beautiful
expanse it was difficult to realize tint
we were floating on an arm of the At
lantic. It had the apiarar.-e rather
of a gloomy lake shut in ry mountains
never trodden by foot of man. un
either side was a solemn army of stu
pendous precipices sheer, awful cliffs
refusing even the companionship of
pines and heml-xks, and frequently re
sembling a long chain of icebergs
turned to stone. The silence, t o, was
most impressive. There was at times
no sign of life on sea or shore. The in
fluence of this was felt upon the boat,
for if any of us soke it was in a tone
subdued by the solemnity of our sur
roundings. As we pursued our way, sometimes
we could discern no outlet whatever;
then suddenly our course would turn,
and another glorious vista would ap
pear before us. We ?at in the prow of
the boat; and there, with nothing but
the awe-inspiring prosed to contem
plate, we sailed along in silence through
this liquid labyrinth. So close to
gether were the cliffs that when, for
the sake of experiment, I lay down on
the deck and looked directly upward, I
could at the same instant see both sides
of the fjord cutting their outlines
sharply on the sky! Mile after mile,
these grim divided mountains stood
gazing into each other's scowling faces,
yet kept apart by this enchanting bar
rier of the sea, a some fair woman ir
tervenes between two opposing rivals,
each thirsting for the other's blood. It
is such scenery as Dante might describ?
and Dore illustrate. We wonderfd
w hat such ravines would look like with
out water. They would be terrible to
gaze upon. They would resemble
gashes in a dead man's face, or chasms
on the surface of the moon, devoid of
atmosphere) and life. But water gives
to them vitality, and lights up all their
gloomy gorges with a silvery flood,
much as a smile illumines, whiles It
softens, a furrowed face.
Curious Cafe Customs.
From Tid Bits.
Tn many continental cafes of the
cheaper order it is the invariable custom
to print the daily menu on the napkin
provided for the guest, so that when
the latter desires to study the bill of
fare he has to raise his serviette from
his knee in order to do so. Most peo
ple, it is to be presumed, would prefer
tne ordinary napkin.
But perhaps the most extraordinary
custom in connection with restaurant
life is that which obtains in a certain
little cafe In the suburbs of Paris,
where every customer whose bill
amounts to 2 francs or over that sum
Is entitled to receive a kiss from the
very attractive young lady who acts as
cashier to the establishment. So used
has the damsel become to the oscula
tory routine that she goes through It
without the slightest reticence, looking
upon it purely as a matter of business
and It Is reported that the proprietor
of the restaurant is more than satisfied
with the result of his curious device for
attracting patrons.
Another enterprising restaurateur has
Instituted the practice of making
present of a box of Havana cigars every
New Year's day to those patrons who
have been pretty regular in their at
tendance to his establishment during
the preceding year. The cigars are, so
the writer is given to understand, of
excellent brands, and naturally "run"
to something, but doubtless the long
headed proprietor knows his business
very well and considers that it pays
him to reward his supporters in this
generous manner.
Corn Bread in the South.
From the Dallas (Tex.) News.
In discussing the possibilities of a
vast corn trade with Europe in the fu
ture, it might be well to notice that corn
as a breadstuff Is rapidly losing Its
popularity at home. Many Americans
40 years of age and older remember well
when corn bread was a portion of their
diet six days in the week. Especially
was this true in the Southern states.
The art of cooking hoecake. corndod
ger and egg bread reached a high stand
ard of excellence, and wheat flour came
in for use only once or twice a week. All
this has been changed. Even the south
ern negroes have largely deserted corn
bread for flour bread and the hoecake.
corndodger and corn muffin now exist
chiefly in our songs and literature. Not
one cook in a thousand now knows how
to make the corn bread of the olden
time, and this fact In connection with
the more abundant wheat has reduced
the consumption of corn bread to a
mere trifle, comparatively. While we
are educating Europe, then, as to the
delights of corn bread, we might learn
the same lessons, which we seem well
nigh to havj forgotten. Good corn
bread is hard to beat, and it would cer
tainly be wife not to turn over entirely
to our hogs and cattle, nor yet to the
poor of Europe, the life-giving elements
of the American corn crop.
The First to Wear Trousers.
From the Pittsburg Dispatch.
Tetricus. the barbarian, was the first
gentleman to wear trousers. He had no
heart in the inauguration of the new
fashion; he simply had to do it. Aure
lian, the Roman, had captured Tetricus
on one of his raids and determined to
carry him In triumph to Rome as one
of the spoils of conquest. To make the
captive appear as ridiculous as possible,
he was arrayed in a two-part garment,
which In Boston might have been called
pants. Instead of appearing ridiculous,
Tetricus seeris to have made a hit, for
the garment he wore slowly grew In
favor with the people of Rome. We
might find the origin of many customs
in the same way. It Is known that
Charlea VI I of France wore a long coat
to conceal his crooked lefs. Not all the
French had crooked legs, but coats be
came fashionable nevertheless. The
process by which Peter the Great put
civilized clothes on his uncivilized sub
jects had more method In It. The gates
of the towns were hung with garments
of the new fashion, and the people were
obliged to adopt them or be pub
licly punished.
Why the Bell Rang.
The citizens of a Georgia town were
greatly annoyed by the Incessant ring
ing of the bc of a school house where
eolored chlloren were taught. A com
mittee waited on the principal and en
tered a vigorous protest.
"Is It absolutely necessary that you
should ring that bell all day long?"
asked the spokesman of the committee.
"Dat's whst it Is, sir," replied the
principal; "hit's one er der regulation
er de school." .
"Will you please explain?"
"Certainly, sir. You see, when a new
pupil comes In we rings de bell accord
In' ter his age. Ef he's years old we
rings her nine, times; ef he's 20, she
rings twenty, en so on up ter sixty.
Den, when a scholar gits up ter spell
his lesson we rings his age fer to en
tourage Mm. en ef he doan' make a
miss wo rings her twice de number of
his age (or to celebrate h(m. Yes, sir,
hit's one or do regulations of de school,
ta, as you ory, alt's absolutely neces
sary. , Oood mawslaV
The Ponies of Iceland.
From the I-ondon Globe.
If td iimi-1 m the ship of the desert,
the Iceland (Hiny i the cub, train, om
nibus an J Irani car of the wonderful
country to uhith he heloriK. To
begin with, he is a misnomer. He Is not
a pony, in the ordinary sense of the
word; he is a Imrse: In bone and sinew,
in strength and endurance, in man
ners and deportment a horse In every
thing, in fact, except Inches; and a so
ber, steady, hard-working horse, too.
He is very "multum in parvo." a "con
centrated essence'' of horseflesh. He
can swim like a fish, climb like a goat
and Jump like a deer. He sticks at
nothing, and takes every variety of
travel bog, lava bed, sand, boulders
and grass mounds with undisturbed
equanimity. If he has to ford one or
two rivers rith fctrong currents flow
ing girth-deep, it is all in the day's
work. Only give him time and peri
odical halts for refreshments, and he
will do his fifty miles per day, and
thrive upon it.
Iceland ponies are bred in hundreds
In the large grass plains in the south
ern districts of the island. Little or no
care is taken in selection, so the breed
remains unaltered and unimproved, the
average pony standing from eleven and
a halt to twelve and a half hands.
though here and there one will reach
nearly thirteen hands. Every variety
of color is seen, but skewbalds of many
shades are the commonest. The chest
nuts, as a rule, are the finest, and the
browns the hardiest. Beautiful cream
colors, with light points, are not in
frequent; blnok is verv rare, and roan
also. Their naees are fast, considering
the size of the animal, a Journey of
thirty-two miles being cften done in
six hours or less, with heavy baggage,
They trot, canter and gallop, but the
pace that Is most esteemed by the na
tives is the amble or "skeid," in which
the fore and hind legs on a side are
advanced simultaneously, giving a run
ning action, very smooth to the rider.
A good "pacer" is considered very val
uable, and often sold for a high figure.
Some of these ponies amble so fast that
they keep ahead of another going at a
hand-gallop, and they maintain the
pace for a day's Journey under a weight
of eleven to fourteen stone. Icland po
nies are steady and fast in harness,
though wheels are a comparatively new
departure In their country. They travel
mostly In strings, often tied head and
tail. Hay. baggage and household
goods are thus transported, and build
ing materials also. You meet a "tum
burlestur." or timber team, of from
eight to ten ponies, one carrying planks
trailing on eich side, another bundlt l
of tools; a certain number of spare an
imals running loose, and not infrequent
ly a foal or two.
It is as rare to see a dead Iceland
pony as a dead donkey, though their
skulls are often visible, half trodden
into the miry ways surrounding the
farms. The pony begins to work at six
or seven years hard work, that is to
say. He Is early apprenticed to his
trade by following his mother at her
avocations, and when he is footsore Is
strapped upon her back. He works
well up to twenty years and over, and
often remaips fairly sound to a ripe old
age. He feeds on the fat of the land
In summer, and In winter, if his owner
is poor, must live on his wits and his
stored cond'tlon. Farmers who are
fairly well off keep their animals In
during winter and feed them on hay;
but, notwithstanding, many of the po
nies have a hard time of it. The Ice
landers, however, keep their steeds as
well as their means allow, and treat
them altogether in a brotherly fashion,
and the S. F. C. A. would seldom find
scope for It; activity, except, possibly,
in the improvement of bitting and gear
ing. Taking it all around, the Iceland
pony Is certainly not less happy very
often far happier than his bigger
brothers in the south; and his endur
ance, placidity and docility make him
a favorite In other lands besides his
own, while fitting him for his home du
ties in a manner which could not be
surpassed, and must be tested to be
fully understood.
Effect of High Altitude on Man.
Paul Bert discovered tbit the blood
of animals living in high cltitudes ab
sorbed more oxygen than that of sim
ilar animals at ordinary elevations, and
in this observation he was eoon con
firmed by Muntz. who removed rabbits
from Tarbes to the Pic du Midi de Bl
gorre in the Pryenees (2,377 meters),
where they remained close to the ob
servatory on the summit of the moun
tain and bred naturally. That was In
18S3, and in 1890 Muntz compared the
blood of rabbits born on the mountains
with that of rabbits of the plain, and
found that the former was richer In
haemoglobin, and absorbed more oxy
gen than the latter. Viault found that
at high altitudes the red corpuscles of
the blood increased rapidly in number
end out of proportion to the increase 1 1
haemogioblr. The work was taken U'
by Edgar and Mercler of Arosa and
Prof. Miersilier of Bale, and no doubt
was left thPt the red blood corpuscles
notably Increased soon after residence
In places of high altitude. Egger found
that the haemoglobin was likewise not
ably Increased, but not relatively so
much as the number of red corpuscles.
When residents of the mountains de
scended to live in the plain he found
that the number of their red corpuscles
fell to the normal. Mercler considered
that the degree of increase in the num
ber of corpuscles varied with the
altitude. Pelller tried the effect on an
imals of an atmosphere abnormally rich
In oxygen. His results were doubtful,
but the carpfully conducted experi
ments of Regtnard himself seem to es
tablish the fact that when animals are
kept for a considerable time in an at
mosphere containing too much oxygen,
their red corpuscles decrease In num
ber. High Prices at Skaguay.
From Harper's Weekly.
Money goes like water through a
sieve. It costs $1 to look a man In the
face. Men are like wolves: they liter
ally feed upon one another. Wages for
packers any one who can carry 70 t
100 pounds ( n his back and work ten
hours are $7.50 a day and upward.
"Experienced" horse packers are get
ting as high as in one instance I know
$20 a day. The teamsters are mak
ing more than that. One was hears"
growling because he had only made
$r.0 that day. Sometimes they make
$100. Horse shoe nails are $1 a pound
tt Skaguay. At the foot of the hill they
have fetched 10 cents apiece; a slnglo
horseshoe at the foot of the hill, hni
cost $2.50. Rubber boots that cost $"i
sell for $9. A shoemaker, a black
smith, a watchmaker also have set up
shop. A constant surprise is the num
ber of women. Some of these are at
the dance house, but the majority are
the wives of miners. There Is but on
child In the whole place. It is a town
of grown-up people. The women dress,
some of them, In short skirts, with
leather leggings or rubber boots, or else
In out-and-out men's trousers.
I stop and ask a man what is the
name of the main street. "O, don't ask
me," he replies. "I've been here a
week and I come up here every day and
I get lost." All is movement and
action. There Is nothing fixed. The
tent of yesterday Is a wooden building
today. Where a tent stood yesterday
there Is a smooth spot aad soma tent
pin bolta oaly.
bCIENTIFIC JOTTINC9.
Ami'iii !h noteworthy announce-fi-!i!
iiiMie at the ren-iit medical ooti-gr-
Mt .Moik'ow was that the lungs hail
iefijti tu'di i peratcd on succ-H"f ully.
The strain power of the world :iay
be rrckniit'd on as equivalent to tho
strength of 1.ii.ihi.ihii rneo. w I'll h is
more tar twice the nuintx-r of work
men existinc.
A null employing fifty men Is now
engag'-d in making pai-r from the Dag
asse, or sutar cune refuse, which was
once the greatest nuisance to the sugar
grower.
The commercial and scientific expedi
tion to the south polar regions, under
the conduct of Ir. lorchgrevinek, the
Antarctic explorer, will start from Eng
land about July next.
Prof. Uur-tgen says that if X rays
could be rendered visible the appear
ance would be that of a room tilled
with smoke and lighted by a caniie.
They emanate in all directions from the
air irradiated by them.
Eight houses in Denmark are supplied
with oil. which is pumped on the waves
during a storm. This explains the (act
that two of three vessels are alwajs to
be seen around each light house in
rough weather.
A Bridgeport, Conn., foundry recent
ly ca.t several thousand aluminum
mouthpieces for gtaphophones. Thes-j
were formeily made of rubber, but ,t
has been found that aluminum, beinif
more resonant, gives better results.
Some time ago the experiment was
made of letting loose at Cornpeigne a
swallow belonging to Antwerp in com
pany with a number of pigeons. The
wallow immediately made a bee line
for home, and arrived there In one hour.
w hile the pigeons required three hours,
llrr Schultze of the Berlin AcadvMiiy
of Sclnces has taken upon himself the
formidable task of preparing a work de
scribing all animals that exist now or
have existed within historic times. The
academy allows him $7,000 to cover the
expenses of his undertaking.
The assertion of eminent French as
tronomers that the moon Is Inhabited
has been disproved by Professors Bar
nard and Wadsworth of the J erkes ob
servatory at Williams' Bay, Wis. The
new telescope has show n that there are
no traces of air nor vegetable life on
the planet.
The latest use for glass Is Instead of
gold as a material for stopping decay
ing teeth. It answers splendidly, and is
far less conspicuous than the yellow
metal. Of course, it is not ordinary
glass, but Is prepared by some new
patented process which renders it joft
and malleable.
The surface of the sea Is estimated at
150,000,000 square miles, taking the
whole surface of the globe at 197,000.000,
and its greatest depth supposedly
equals the height of the highest moun
tain, or four miles. The Pad He ocean
covers 7S.0'X),000 square miles, the At
lantic 25,000,000, the Mediterranean 1,
000.000. During Health Commissioner Stark
loff's term of office l.ooo samples f
water from as many of St. Louis' 5.149
wells, have been analyzed by the city
chemist. About 200 of the samples were
found to contain Impure substances to
an amount beyond the limit set by the
board of health. These wells have been
condemned.
Krushlte, the new abrasive, is made
of the best quality of steel, tempered
by a new process. It is claimed to be
tough and unbreakable under saws and
rubbers. It does not crumble to pow
der as ordinary steel does, nor split like
ordinary shot. It is round and evenly
graded, cuts fast and scratches but
little. It Is used for sawing and polish
ing stone.
Dr. Sanarelil, who has been experi
menting for some time past with ye'
low fever germs, affirms that the serum
he has obtained from animals with
which he has been experimenting is as
effective against yellow fever as horse
serum, and he added that it will very
probably cure spontaneous yellow fever
in human beings.
Broken glass and the waste from ela"
furnaces are heaped together and cut
Into beautiful slabs, forming an arti
ficial marble of decorative design. De
signs in relief can be obtained while the
material is still warm and soft. Every
year a couple of thousand tons of bro
ken glass are collected in the streets of
London.
Prof. Cushlng has Just made an exam
ination of the Pine island keys, in Flor
ida, and discovered the remains of vil
lages and numerous relics of ancient
lake dwellers, whose racial affinities are
still unknown. Judging from their steel
and copper implements or weapons,
their pottery, masks and modes of
sculpture, they appear to be akin to
the ancient Mexican people.
The electric third rail, according to
the annual report of the New England
railroad company, has made an excel
lent reeord on the steam railroad where
it has been applied between two or three
stations. Half-hourly trains were put
on and the passenger traffic was quad
rupled. The record of passengers car
ried in sixteen weeks was 300,000,
against 75,000 under the old system of
fewer trains run by steam. One reason
for the increase is the reduction of fares
one-half, but the convenience Is equally
a factor. The third rail will be extended
to other stations next year. It is con
sidered the best resource for competing
with t.-olley roads.
The "trouille canard," as it Is popu
larly called by the French farmers 'if
Mauritius, is a parasite which abounds
In the damp regions of the Islands, ly
ing hidden during the day under moss
and stones. Its noxious properties are
so well known that the breeding of poul
try has been given up where It is found.
Even children, who have put their fin
gers In their mouths after havInT
touched it. have become affected with
an exceedingly painful swelling of the
tongue and pharynx. M. Megnln pro
nounces the parasite the holothyrus eoc-
cinella of Gervais.
A French physician claims to have
discovered a "simpler and safer means
than alcohol for promoting a mood of
cheerful exaltation. His prescription
appears to consist mainly of hypoder
mic Injections of sea water, which he
claims to be far more exhilarating
w hen taken In this way than when ap
plied externally. Under the suggested
treatment, it appears, the patient is
raised to a proper degree of normal
excitation, end exchanges the melan
choly Induced by nervous exhaustion
for a hilarious appreciation of the "Joy
Of life."
The fish commission has issued Its
report on the oyster. The "fattening"
process Is not a fattening process at all,
but Is a device to give the oyster an p
peararce of plumpness. It Injures Its
flavor and extracts certain of It nutri
tive Ingredients. "Plumping" consists
In changing the oyster from denser to
less dense water, causing the fluids In
the tissues to pass slowly outward, and
the less saline water in which the an
imal Is now Immersed to pass more rap
idly Inward. The tissues swell by an In
crease of the fluid contents. Chemical
experiments show that the oyster loses
with the dense fluids that pass out 1.1
per cent of Its nutritious tubstanos,
protein, fats, carbohydrates and min
eral salts, The total weight however,
Increases from 12 to 20 per cent. The
same result may be attained by plac
ing oysters In fresh water after remov
ing the shell. Cases of typhoid ftver
traced to oysters have been caused by
disease germs In the water to which
they have been removed (or so-oalled
tettoaln
THE WARDEN'S BABY.
By Charles II. Lewis,
As assistant or deputy warden of the
roswell state prison It may not rm
becoming in me to criticise inv superior
cittli er, and 1 should not do a If his acts
hud not called forth public condemn!
lion, and eventually led to a truiedy
which resulted in his death. Men who
exercise the arbitrary power of a war
den should be selected for other than
personal reasons. There should be a
mingling of sternness and sentiment
they should be students of human na
ture they should know when to over
look and when to punish. Mr. James
secured his position through a political
pull. lie was by nature an impulsive,
domineering man. His word was law In
his own family it was law with every
one else who did not wish a quarr !
with him. He took charge of the prison
with a tixed determination to "boss
things. The Idea that a convict was a
loan or had any rights was an absurdity
to him. o argument could make him
realize that misfortune sometimes made
criminals, or that a kind word to a con
vict would often produce better results
than bulldozing methods. The state
law allowed several kinds of punish
inent, at the discretion of the warden.
and the nev man was determined to
exercise all his privi'ges to the fullest
extent. 1 had been there for .three
years under other wardens when lie
came, ai,d In making me his deputy, he
gain:
"I understand that this prison has
been run for some time past on the lea-
and-toast principle. I shall have none
of that. The men are here to be run
lshed for crimes committed, and each
and every one has cot to walk the line.'
Under the old warden discipline had
been i good, punishment rare and no
escapes had been effected. His policy
was kind, but firm. Each convict who
proved himself a man was treated like
a man. No one w as bulldozed or nagged
and a system of merit marks brought
rewards to those who made extra efforts
In the right direction. All this was to
be changed and was changed. Within
a day after entering upon his duties,
the new warden had put his policy In
force and almost changed the natures
of 950 men. No convict ever complains
of a fair warden. By that I mean a
warden who will punish or reward, as
deserved. P.ules and regulations are
always cheerfully obeyed by the great
majority, but begin to brow-beat and
threaten a convict and he hardens up
at once ana becomes obstinate. V hen
it was known throughout the prison
that the new warden was "down" on
the policy of humanity, and that a new
order of things was to be pBtabllsh-jd,
every officer realized that there Was
trouble ahead. We got it and in plenty
on the second day. In nearly all prisons
where convicts work for contractors,
each man or gang has a certain stint
or amount set for him for a day's work.
In the chair department, for instance, a
convict puts together or paints a cer
tain number, and if he works briskly
and finishes up, he is allowed to sit
down and rest until the gang Is
marched In to supper. Warden James
decided to abolish this time-honored
privilege throughout the prison, and a
general growl broke forth, and three or
four men were sent to the punishment
room. That "Ight at midnight 950 con
victs began shouting and yelling and
groaning to show their contempt for
Mr. James, and it was half an hour be
fore silence could be restored. That
was a warning he should not have neg
lected, but In his anger he vowed that
every man under sentence should be
punished In rotation for the insult to
him. He began hauling them out at
once, but after five men had been given
a dozen strokes each, the remainder
were so near revolt that operations had
to be stopped. To get even with the
men, the warden ordered that no break
fast should be prepared, and all
marched to the shops without having
tasted food.
None of the under officials were
asked for or gave advice. We knew
what must happen before night, Lut
the new warden had come to run things
and was a man who would brook no in
terference. At 10 o'clock in the forenoon
every convict at work had laid down
his tools, those in the halls entered their
cells, and all machinery was shut down.
The convicts had revolted. It wus a
quiet and sullen demonstration of their
power, but it needed only a spark to re
sult In tragedy. Like all men of his
class, James was frightened when he
discovered that the game was not all
in his own hands. He gathered the
men In the yard and made a pacific
speech and half apologized to them,
and in the end got them to return to
their work. An extra dinner was pre
pared, and there was a general feeling
that warden and convicts would now
get on better together. The Idea that
James was deceiving them did not en
ter their minds, but they were soon to
know It. After they had been locked
up for the night he began hauling out
the ringleaders, as he termed them, and
administered severe punishment. What
he was doing soon became known
through the prison, and every convict
began screaming and banging at his
cell door. The wardn had called on
the sheriff in the afternoon to prepare
for the emergency, and that official was
on hand with a posse of twenty men.
The fire hose was taken Into the corri
dors, and water played on the prisoners
until most of them were half drowned,
and after a time something like ord-;r
was restored. There were no ring
leaders In the revolt. The men simply
acted in concert and right was on their
side. About a dozen men were whipped
that night, but no one deserved the lash.
Among them was convict Ml, whose
name w as Thomas Burke. He had been
sent to prison four or five years previ
ously on a ten-year sentence for arson.
It was claimed by o! his friends that
he was Innocent .it ibe crime, but how
ever that was, he was certainly a model
prisoner. He had neld the position of
a trusty for two or three years, and had
the confidence of all. He was a man of
education m.d refinement, and I hnd
come to know and like him well. To
my great amazement, the warden had
No. 811 down as the ringleader of all,
and he was the first to be punished.
When I protested I was told to mind my
own business, and when I Insisted cn
learning the nature of the proofs against
the man I was asked to rejjgn my poiil
tion. I tottdered tny resignation, and
left the prlron wtii'e men were still
being whipped and played on through
the hose. The trouble at the prison be
came public, but the new warden man
aged things so that lie was praised for
the stand he had taken, and he went
ahead and carried things with a high
hand. He seemed to hae taken a great
aversion to No. 811, and within three
weeks of my leaving he had punished
the man several times and degraded
him from his condition and put him at
the meanest employment In the prison.
From a good tempered, patient and
willing man. anxious to please and ex
erting his influence for good. No. xil
became sulky, morose and dangerous.
One afternoon he made a dash for the
gates when they were opened to admit
a team, ond though fired on by five
guards and pursued by a dozen more,
he managed to escape Into the village
and secure a hiding place. There was
every probability of his being taken
nest dy, an all night the village was
surrounded by men on the watch. Tom
had but on object In escaping re
venge on thu warden. That official oc
cupied a house about eighty rods from
the prison, and had a wife and two
ehlldrea
( the children a
Ube shout a year old. The convict had
often Im-. ii sent to the h"iiw. which had
been occupied by the other warden, and
knew iU arratigt-ment ari'l the lay of
the ground His rtce was made Just
at dark, ami he made straight for the
house and hid In the wood shed. Owing
to the em-ape and the excitement among
the prisoners, the warden did not leave
the piison that nlRht. At about mid
night the wife, sleeping In a own down
stairs with the two children, with th
servant girl upstairs In a distant room,
was awakened by No. nil In the room
with a hatchet In his hand. She did not
know him a a trusty and she knew
nothing of the punishments he had un
dergone. She had heard of the escape and nat
urally believed him to be the fugitive.
The man lighted the gas and stood be
fore her an 1 told his story. The war
den had singled him out and vented his
spite on him and he thirsted for re
venge. Had he found Mr. James at
home, he would have hacked him to
pieces with ut mercy. As he was rot
there he would strike at him through
his family. If recaptured, he must go
back to priron. to be marked for a vic
tim. Rather than suffer further he
would rum, nit murder and go to the
gallows. The warden's wife w as a quiet,
sympathetic little woman, and had more
real nerve than her husband. She ar
gued that she was not to blame for
what the husband did. and yet at the
same time did not blame the convict tor
feeling a ueslre for vengeance. He
might take her life, but let that be
enough. Hnd spare the children. The
oldest child, a girl of 7, awoke, realized
the peril of the situation, and was dumb
with fear. The baby was asleep, and so
continued for an hour.
All the good and bad in the convict's
nature came to the surface by turns.
The sight of the Innocent and helpless
victims appealed to him. and tht
thought of how he had been unjustly
punished made him furious to do them
evil. The woman said that at times ht
shed tears and was on the point of
going away. At other times his eyes
blazed, his teeth clenched and he would
raise the hatchet to strike her. Had
she exhibited great fear or tried to es
cape or had the girl cried out, the man
would have been excited to murder. By
and by he said he would forego his in
tentions and seek to escape from the
village, but three minutes later he re
called his degradation and furiously
commanded the woman to make ready
for death. He stood before her with
the hatchet uplifted, and she believed
he was on the point of striking when
the baby awoke. A cry from the child
would have angered him, but there wai
no cry. The Infant awoke to smile aad
toss Its hands about, and the convict
threw away hiB hatchet and took tht
child from Its mother's arms into hit
own. It was a Bight the woman could
never forget an escaped convict in her
room, at dead of night a man who had
threatened murder tossing her baby In
his brawny arms and chirping to It
For ten minutes he held the baby thus,
kissing Its cheeks and hands and hand
ling It with the tenderest care. Then be
returned it to Its mother's arms and
said:
"Ii Is this baby the child of the man
who will punish me until I am driven t
death but the sight and touch hav
taken away my thirst for revenge. Clod
forgive him God bless you and youi
children."
With that he went away. In net
gratitude to him. the woman raised no
alarm. Indeed, she hoped that h
would escape, and was sorry that sht
had not thought to furnish him with s
change of clothing and money to aid
him. When morning came the watch
men around the village closed In and
began a close search, but It was nearly
noon before they found convict No. 8lL
Instead of leaving the house of the war
den when he left the bedroom, he tiad
procured a piece of rope from the wood
shed and passed down cellar, and thert
they found his dead body swinging front
a beam. Had he but known the wom
an's feelings toward him he might havt
tried to make his w ay through the Unci
In the darkness, but reasoning that sh
would tell her husband all as soon ai
possible, and that the warden would
have no mercy on him, he had taken
his own life and ended It all. Of tht
hundreds who came to know the de
tails, all pitied the man all but one.
The warden was furious with his wif
for not giving the alarm sooner, ana h
swore that had he captured the convict
alive he would have put him to death
by torture. The body was first buried In
the prison graveyard, but a few weeki
later, by permission of the authorities,
it was removed to the village cemetery,
and rests there today, and no word c-D
the headstone tells the curious that hi
who sleep" beneath the mound evei
wore the stripes of shame and disgrace.
Feline Exhibition at Crystal Palace.
London Letter In Washington Post.
Commerce may be going to the dogs,
but this week the fashionable society
of this town has been going to the cats.
There has been an exhibition of fellnei
at the Crystal palace, and it has been
largely attended. Iul ain, their
foremost cat painter, was reading to a
friend of his a capital account of thli
cat show culled from an evening con
temporary: "Think of it! A man '.an
clap his hat down over dozens of tht
animals. Cats licking their stupid faces.
CatB purring like an electric plant
Cats snicking their whiskers. Catt
chasing their idiotic tails. Cuts lapping
their milk with a noise no gentleman
no. nor any lady should make when
drinking. Cats, loads of cats, tied In
the hardest of hard knots pretending
to be asleep. Nothing but cats and
women. Cats caterwauling and women
talking. Cats fashioned by nature and
the meat chopper. Cats tailless by
birth cir conviction. Cats that are allvt
today because man was born an erring
mortal. Other cats actually with pedi
grees, although to give the majority ol
them their due, 'tis a wist
cat that knows Its father, according tc
the Crystal palace catalogue. Many
cats whose family history Is confined
to Its Individual self. Cats with Hoby
collars around their necks. Cats with
silk cushions to sleep on. Cats with
ears. Cats that have left their ears at
home. More cats. Some more cats. Gay
and festive cats, h'ad cats. Kittens,
i'es, sir; actually kittens. Kittens chap
eroned by their mothers. l'p-to-datt
kittens out without their mothers. Tom
cats. Tabby cats. Every variety et
rats. Cats In every shade. Catt buill
to suit Intending purchasers. Cats,
alas! that have still their nine lives to
tun. Cats that have starred two. Crazy
rats. Crazy-quilt cats. Blue-eyed cats.
One-eyed cats. Cats with black eye
acquired. Brindle cats that to catch
tight of would bring on an European
war. More cats than you ever saw out
side of your back garden. Cats! Katsl
Kahts! Cahtf! Kahalt! Chatze! Kha
tues Ghthquartz!
Planted the Tree For Their Coffin
Mr. and Mrs. Jarrett Ifaynes arrived
In the city Wednesday from Marshill
county. Mr. Haynet and wife are ovet
90 years of age etch. They were on th
tite now occupied by the thriving city o
Faaucan at early as 1SZ9, when tht
town wai a wilderness. Nearly fifty
years ago the aged couple planted s
walnut In the yard, from which sprung
a tree. It grew to be a large tree, ant
a ytar or two ago was cut down and
sawed Into lumber. The lumber Is now
at the Haynes home, and Is being saved
to matt me comna or tne eccentric i
pie waea they die.