n
SIOUX COUNTY JOURNAL.
CEO. D. CANON, Editor.
HARRISON', - - NEBRASKA.
REBRASKA STATE NEWS.
George Light of Juniata, who la at
tending the Hastings Business college,
was accidentally shot in the left hand
one day last week while examining a
loaded revolver.
Zeno Brigga of West Point left for
Aanapolls, Mo., last week to resume
hii studies at the Naval academy. His
next visit home will be in June, after
which be will go on a two-years' cruise
In Pacific water.
Thomas J. Majors has begun man
damus proceedings In the district court
at Auburn, Neb., to compel the rein
statement of his son as a pupil in the
Peru State Normal school. The case ia
act for Oct 9.
The new students of the Hastings
college were given a reception at tne
dormitory last Saturday nightt It was
under the auspices of the College band
and proved a most pleasant affair.
Nearly 100 new students were in at
tendance. The 12-year-old son of John Scher
wath, living seven miles northwest of
Wausa, met with a violent death last
week. While alone at home he took
down a 38-caliber revolver and foolish
ly pointed it toward him. The ball
lodged in the stomach. Death resulted
in about three hours.
The Stanley Brothers, who wer? ar
rested near Unadilla a few days ago
upon the charge of the theft of some
grain, are much in demand. The sher
riffs of Cass and Johnson counties are
after them with warrants charging
them with the theft of a bicycle at Te
cumseh and some merchandise at
Eagle.
The brick works at Louisville were
opened last week, after being closed for
about two years. The company has
been reorganized and will seek to keep
the works going winter and summer.
They will manufacture building, pac
ing, sewer and sidewalk brick. The
plant formely belonged to ex-Treasur-r
Bolln of Omaha.
Henry T. Specht, charged with a
criminal assault upon Miss Buckholts
of Berlin, was acquitted by a jury in
the district court at Nebraska City.
The parties belong to prominent Ger
man families and considerable interest
was manifested in the case on this ac
count Specht was 18 years of age and
the girl about 20.
Last evening while Dan Dovenberger
and O. 0. Moss of Brady were trying
to settle regarding some exchanged
labor a dispute arose and both men be
came angry. Moss ordered Dovenberg
er off the place and when the latter
turned to go Moss struck him across
the head wih a heavy stick, inflicting
a severe wound.
Fremont Green, a boy 9 years old,
was run over by a bicyclist during the
progress of a fire at Beatrice and seri
ously Injured. As he fell his head
truck the pavement, cutting a deep
gash In his forhead. He was carried
unconscious to the home of Dr. Al
bright, who attended him. He will re
cover. About two months ago a Mrs. Dice
of Creston, la., came to Geneva to
lslt her daughter, Mrs. A. Chapman.
Warren Stanard of Genera met the
visitor and married her the following
day, and the couple left Immediately
for the bride's home at Creston. The
couple are about eighty years of age
and Stanard is quite feeble. He and
his aged bride failed to arree and be
is now mai"-'" his way hack to his
Nebraska friends.
The project of holding a corn car
nival at Beatrice the coming month
was decided upon last week at an en
thusiastic meeting of business men. Sev
eral hundred dollars was raised for
the purpose and committees appointed.
The date will be about October 27. It
la proposed to have a flower parade
la the afternoon and the carnival prop
er In the evening. The business houses
Will be decorated within and without
with corn, as the fancy and artistic
lute of each dictates.
A rear end collision occurred at Sut
ton last week. The loeal train running
west was in two sections. The first
ectlons pulled out, leaving the other
one discharging freight. The through
Denver freight came around the curve.
As quick as Engineer Burns saw the
local he reversed his engine and he and
Fireman Charles Dean jumped off. The
engineer was not Injured, but the fire
man had his shoulder fractured . Three
ears were completely demolished, de
stroying large amounts of merchand-
1 Attorney General Smyth has written
letter to Governor Holcomb in which
he anticipates an adverse decision in
the maximum freight rate case. He
ays he believes that the state's inter
eats in the case were betrayed by those
whose sworn duty it was to protect the
state, but exonerates John L. Webster
from blame In this. The letter inti
mates that one of the principal wltnes
ee for the state really gave testimony
for the roads, and that witnesses for
the defendant were not properly cross
examined . It suggests that the state's
Interests might have fared better if it
had been without representation at the
hearing of the case.
Attorney John O. Yelser of Omaha
cored a point In his fight against the
Nebratka Telephone company last Fri
day. He went before Jurlge Scott and
attained an alternative writ of manda
mus against the telephone company,
requiring It to furnish a telephone in
Trtwr'g office In the Life building for
fS per month rental, or show cause
October ft. The usual rental Is $10 for
metallic circuit wire and $5 per
onth for a scflnod .circuit. '
STATE'S CIVIL SUIT BE6UN.
ATTORNEY - GENERAL TRYING
TO RECOVER STOLEN MONEY,
The Bondsmen Contend That Bart
ley was Not Stata Treasurer, That
His Bond was Illegal ana That They
are Not Liable.
Omaha, Neb., Oct. 2. The case of
the State of Nebraska vs. ex-Treasurer
Joseph S. Bartley and his bondsmen
to recover the sum of J555.790.C6, the
amount of the defalcation in the state
treasury, was begun in the Douglas
county district court yesterday. The
preliminaries of selecting a jury was
began a day er so earlier, but now the
real contest is on.
Attorney General Smyth made a
brief statement of the state's position.
It was in effect that the suit was
brought to recover from his bondsmen
the amount of the defalcation of the
ex-state treasurer. The embezzlement
was from two funds, the permanent
school fund and the general fund. The
contention was that the shortage
should be secured from the bondsmen,
the attorney giving no intimation in
his statement that there was any doubt
of the legality of the bond.
On the other hand the counsel for
the defendants set up as the defenso
that the bond was illegal. They main
tain that it was signed on January 3,
1895, by all the bandsmen except Thom
as Swobs, William A. Paxton, sr., and
Cadet Taylor of this city. It was pre
sented on that dy to Governor Hol
comb, who refused to approve. It is
alleged that the bond was then taken
by state officers to the office of the sec
retary of state, placed on file there and
then the names of Swobe, Taylor and
Paxton were secured. It was again pre
sented to Governor Holcomb on Jan
uary 9, four days afterward, and was
on that day acccepted.
The defense argues that the last day
upon which the bond could be approved
and filed was January 3, and, inasmuch
as this was not done by that date the
bond was illegal and that according to
law Bartley never was state treasurer
after that date. Therefore they con
tended that they can not be expected
to make good the shortage of Bartley
as an Individual, since the bond was
furnished his as state treasurer.
In addition to this defense another Is
made by Mary Fitzgerald that when
she affixed her name to the bond she
was insane, and that she never knew j
that she had done so. She alleges that
her signature was secured within an
hour after her husband's funeral, when
her mind was unbalanced by grief.
At the conclusion of these statemente
court was adjourned until this after
noon, when the introduction of evi
dence was begun. I
STATE CAPITAL NOTES.
Irrlgatlon Congress Adjourns
-Co-
Ingto Nashville.
Lincoln, Neb., Oct. 2. The National
Irrigation Congress adjourned Friday.
The next meeting will be held at Chey
enne, Wyo. It should have been lo
cated at Omaha, and held during the
Transmlssissippi Exposition.
For several days Treasurer Messerve
and others from around about the cap
ital have had to go to Omaha as wit
nesses in the case against ex-Treasurer
Bartley's bondsmen.
Governor Holcomb and staff, Senator
Allen, Mr. Bryan and others are mak
ing arrangements to attend the Nash
ville exposition on October 8, which
has been designated as "Nebraska
Day." The other members of the dis
tinguished party are General Barry,
General Bills, Colonel Maher, Major
Fretchet. The Nashville People have
shown great interest in this day, and
have been writing and telegraphing
about it. The leading newspapers
have requested the latest photographs
of the party, and are claiming that
"Nebraska Day" will easily be the big
gst day of the exposition.
NEWS NOTES
Alexander McDonald has died at San
Francisco from injuries sustained by
a fall from a train Tuesday.
Lon Agnew was defeated by Henry
Spanger, a recently graudated ama
teur, in the eighth round, at Sacra
mento, Cal. j
Fred D. Warnecke, president of the
People's bank at Kingfisher, O. T.,
hanged himself while despondent over
111 health.
The president has appointed Newton
C. Bates, U. S. N., surgeon general
and chief of the bureau of medicine and
surgery of the navy.
Fire destroyed the salt docks of Joy
Morton & Co., and the United Salt com
pany at South Chicago, 111. Loss, $62,
000. They were fully insured .
C. E. K. Rice, 65 years old, who
registered In New York at the Grand
Union hotel from San Francisco, Tues
day last, committed suicide by inhaling
fas.
The grand jury of Philadelphia Ig
nored the bill against Marlon Stuyve
sant, charged with the murder of Ma
jor W. C. Wilson, the aged librarian,
and ordered his discharge.
Bills against the mine leaders,
charged with riot and unlawful assem
bly by B. DeArmlt, as a result of the
troubles at Unity, have been Ignored by
the grand Jury at Pittsburg.
A woman and her four children were
found dead by asphyxiation In the
West Shore hotel at New York. The
woman had evidently killed her child
ren and committed Bulclde. She regis
tered as "Mrs. Caroline Razlnlus,
West Point."
In a collslon of electric car? at To
ledo, Mrs. T. J. Marlow, Mrs. James
T. Whalen, and Miss Nellie Whalcn
were seriously hurt, and Miss Mary
White, daughter of Chief Justice Walte,
sustained Injuries which may prove
fatal
ADVANTAGES
HOW OFFICIALS
A. Reasonable and Just Law,
"Held Up" A
UNITED STATES SUPREME
After Four and One-Half Years of Waiting the Court May Hand Down
an Opinion.
Within another week or ten days the Supreme Court of the United States
Is expected to announce its decision on the appeals ia what are commonly
known as the Nebraska maximum freight rate cases. It is now about four
itid one-half years since the maximum rate law was passed by the Nebraska
legislature, and yet the people have had no opportunity to try the law and,
if a good one, to reap its benefits, or, if a bad one, to have its defects rem
edied. It nas, all that time, been "hung up," so to speak. In the United
States Courts. There appears to have been ail the time a cullusion on the part
of the officers who were intrusted with its care to delay the proceedings in this
very important matter.
The history of attempted railway legislation in this state, both in the
legislative and judicial branches of our government, (In late years courts
have largely assumed legislative functions) forma an interesting chapter in
our history.
THE ENORMOUS AMOUNT PAID ON FREIGHT.
Nebraska Pays Out Millions of Dollars Annually More Than It Should
Read the Figures.
The 1890 statistics show that for the carrying of freight the people of the
United States paid to the railway companies the stupendous and almost in
comprehensible sum of $736,793,699.00. This is a sum nearly equal to one
sixth of all the capital stock of the railway companies and nearly equal toone
ixth of all the funded debt. The capital stock referred to is from three to
four time their actual vaJue. It should also be borne in mind that the construc
tion of these llnesof public highway, presumably for the"accommodationof the
people" was materially assisted by municipal, state and national subsidies,
and that it haa been held by the highest courts of the land that they are pro
per subjects of Inquiry and legislation.
But it is Nebraska rates about which we are chiefly concerned. The
railway companies have furnished to the Inter State Commerce Commission
facts and figures from their own standpoint, and In the volume of statistics of
1S90, Issued by this Commission upon such data, we find that Nebraska is
classified in a group of territory which pays a revenue of ninety per cent over
the C06t of carrying the freight.
From the statictics given out by the railroads doing business in Nebraska
and the testimony given by the railroads witnesses at the maximum freight
rale trial in the United States courts it is learned that in
1S93 that the total amount received by the railroads in
Nebraska for freight carried within the limits of the state
was $14,460,669.00. This amount is exclusive of the revenue for
like service received by the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, the Sioux
City, O'Neil & Western, Missouri Pacific, Sioux City & Pacific, Kansas
City & Beatrice and Kearney & Black Hills. If these lines were included in
the computation the amount paid for freight hauled within the limits of Ne
braska in 1893 would aggregate the sum of $20,000,000, or about $20 for
every man, woman and child In the state, or $100 for every elector In the
state.
But this Is not all that Nebraskans pay. The tillers of the soli ship their
products east, and they buy what they consume from the merchants and the
merchants receive their goods from the eastern manufacturers, so that the
oroduoers and consumers of Nebraska are made to bear their share of the
freight charges over all the railroads that pass through all the states from
the Atlantic to Nebraska. The result Is that the twenty millions above men
tioned constitutes but a small precentage of the whole amount of the freight
tax which our people are obliged to pay annually.
RATES IN NEBRASKA FORTY PER CENT HICHER
Than They Are In Adjoining States, and a Greater Profit Is Made on Our
Carrying Trade Than In Any Other Portion of the Union.
WTe learn also from the same authority that the local rates In Nebraska
zre forty per cent higher than they are in surrounding states, and that a great
r profit is made on freight business in .Nebraska than In any other portion of
the American union; that, had the maximum freight rate law been allowed to
go Into effect. It would not have reduced the average freight charges to as low
a point as are the rates in adjoining states. In fact, there are abundant
statistics, gathered from the railway
that the rreigbt rates In the sorrounding states are In reality twenty per
cent lens than what the rales In Nebraska would have been, had the maxi
mum freight law been allowed to go into effect.
As the farmers harvest their crops
quaint themselves with the constant robbery through freight charges which
the eastern ownersofour railroads are Inflicting upon them. The rates charged
in surrounding states are reasonable and are accepted by the railway com
panies as reasonable, hence it requires nothing more than common sense for
any man to understand that the rates exacted in Nebraska which are forty
per cent higher are highly unreasonable and exorbitant
In addition to the generally exorbitant rates charged our people, there is
also flagrant and demoralizing discrimination In the arrangement of tariff
rates In favor of certain articles as against other classes of articles, one
town against another town and one class of shippers against another class
of shippers.
HOW THE LAW HAS BEEN JUGGLED.
Former Attorney-General's and State Board of Transportation's
Queer Actions.
But it Is not the purpose of this letter to discuss the merit of the law so
much, because that that Is well understood by the people of the state; but
at this time It recalls to their mind the enormous amount of Jugglery
and other sleight of hand performances which the Attorney Generals of this
state and the former State Board of Transportation have engaged In and by
which inexcusable, if not criminal, conduct have allowed this very Important
legislation to become inoperative.
The Constitution of the State confers upon the Legislature the follow
ing powers:
Railroads heretofore constructed, or that may hereafter be constructed
in this State are hereby declared public highways, and shall be free to all
persons for the transportation of their persons and property thereon, under
such regulations as may be prescribed by law. And the legislature may from
time to time pass laws establishing reasonable maximum rates of charges
for the transportation of passengers and freight on the different railroads in
this state. The liability of railroad corporations as common carriers shall
never be limited."
"The legislature shall pass laws to correct abuses and prevent unjust dis
crimination and extortion in all charges of express, telegraph and railroad
companies in this State and enforce such laws by adequate penalties totheex
tent, If necessary for that purpose, of forfeiture of their property and fran
chises." Under the authority conferred by this constitution the legislature of 1893
passed an act, being House Roll No. 33, "to regulate railroads, to classify
freights, to fix reasonable maximum rates to be charged for the transporta
tion of freights upon each of the railroads in the State of Nebraska, and
to provide penalties for the violation of this act." This act was approved by
the Governor April 12th, 1893, and as the title Just quoted indicates attempted
to classify freights and to fix the maximum or highest rate that could be
charged by the roads for the transportation of freight within this state. This
law was attacked by the railroads Interested by an Injunction Issued by the
circuit court of the United States for the District of Nebraska against the
then Board of Transportation of the state, enjoining them from putting the
law Ino effect pr In any way Interfering with the roads In the matter of rates.
SELECTING A PREJUDICED JUDGE.
The Corporations Need tha Court--In Order to Know What the Law Is
Must KnowJudges who Administer It Sullivan Six Yeare Ago.
For the i.lal of these cases the law officers of the state consented that Mr.
Jusice Brewer might come here to bear and determine the prayer of the rail
roads for the Injunctions. This, they did In the face of the well known view
entertained by Judge Brewer in the matter of the regulation of railroads or
other corporations by legislative enactment Judge Brewer's views of all laws
of this character wers not at that time In doubt or a matter of speculation on
the part of any lawyer in the United States at all familiar with the position
taken by htm on many occasions. His views on questions of this character
had been very forcibly expressed many times In dissenting opinions which
INTERESTING EXPERIMENTS.
How long !oes it take a man to
think? Prof. Ric'iet. at the recent
meeting of the JJritlsh Association,
gave the results A his Investigations
Into this subject He found that by
mentally running up the notes of the
musical scale for one or more octaves,
and then dlvidlig the total time by
the total n urn be of notes thought of,
the time taken I r each note was one
eleventh of a a'cond. .
There are vr .lous ways of arriving
at conclusions as to the amount of
OF A GOOD
WHO ARE DISPOSED TO ENGAGE IN
HAVE DEFRAUDED THE PEOPLE.
the Enforcement of Which Means Millions of Dollars Saved to the People Eaoh Year, ii
Chapter in the Laws of Freight Rate Making Which Every Good and Loyal
Nebraskan Should Study and Familiarize Himself With.
COURT OPINION EXPECTED.
companies' own statements, to prove
this season, it la their duty to ac
time necessary for realizing any phy
sical sensation or mental impression.
If the skin be touched repeatedly with
light blows from a small hammer, a
person may, according to Prof. Rlchet,
distinguish the fact that the blows
are separate and not continuous pres
sure, when they follow one another as
frequently as 1,000 a second.
The smallest Intervals of sound can
be much better distinguished with one
ear than with both. Thus the scp
arateness of the clicks of a revolving
toothed wheel waa noted by one ob
server when they did not exceed 60 to
LA17 DENIED
were a matter of record and familiar to every lawyer who had ever taken
the trouble to consult the reports of the Supreme Ct-urt tf the United Stages.
In spite ot this notorious fact the legal representatives of the State of Ne
braska consented to have him brougnt to this District to hear and determine
those cases, in which there was so much involved for the people of this
state. The decision was a foregone conclusion If the judge adhered to hie
position so often announced and reiterated by him. That he did adhere to
his former views on the question wad soon made painfully evident to all con
cerned, w hen he decided the cases on all points adversely to the state. In
connection with the trial of those cases in the Circuit Court many peculiar
things happened that are not generally known by the people. In the pe
titions or bills in equity as they are technically known, filed by the rail
road companies they allege that the law would, If put in force, reduce their
then present charges twenty per cent. This percentage it is safe to say, was
arrived at by the companies after a most careful examination of the sub
ject by their expert accountants, and it Is equaly safe to say that It is a
large as they thought it possible to make It under the facts.
GIVING THE CORPORATIONS A BIG LIFT.
State Officials Go Out of Their Way and Deliberately Falsify Facts to
Help Out the Other Side.
When the State, through its attorneys and secretaries of the Board ot
Transportation, came to present its side of the case at the trial It was rujt
content with admitting the charge that the maximum ratee, if put Into
force, would reduce the charges of the railroads twenty per cent, but went far
beyond that claim and proved that It would reduce the charges 29 per cent,
or nearly ten per cent more than the railroads themselves claimed it would
reduce their charges. The state would have been far bettpr off upon that
point if It had no representation at the trial. After this ileoe of testimony
was given by the State's chief witness the railroad companies discharged their
experts and tried the case from that point onward, so far as rates were con
cerned, upon the testimony of the state's witnesses.
Another bright piece of management Is Bhown by the record. At the re
quest of counsel for the roads this same witness for the State prepared
a table which Is a part of the record. This table purports to show the
amount of business-done by each railroad In the State during the years 1891,
1892 and 1893, and the precentage of expenses to e&rnlngs. In making up
this table for the benefit of the railroad companies the State's expert was
not content with taking Into consideration the amount of local freight haul
ed and the earnings and expenses of the companies In hauling It. If he
had considered only it, the precentage of expenses to earnings would have
been of value In determining whether or not the cut which would be made
by the maximum law would leave anything for profit to the railway com
panies, but instead of doing so he took Into consideration all of the business
done by each company and then ascertained the percentage of expenses of
all business to the earnings of all business. At a glance It will appear that such
a percentage could be of no value In determining whether or not the rates fix
ed by the Maximum law for hauling local freight would produce any profit.
The unfairness to the State of this method of calculation Is disclosed by this
illustration: In 1891 the Elkhorn road hauled 141.056 tons of local freight.
The percentage of expenses to earnings was about 50 per cent In 1892 the
same road hauled 158,350 tons or nearly 20,000 tone more than In 1891, yet. the
percentage of expenses to earnings was about 71 per cent. In other words,
the year In which they hauled little freight, under this method of calculation,
waa a year In which they made more profit by about 20 per cent than the
year In which they hauled a great deal of freight. The record of the trial of
the case may be searched In vain for any effort on the part of counsel for
the State to point out the worthlessness of this table and the great Injustice
which it would work to the State. Yet, the decision of Judge Brewer waa
based on that table, and right or wrong that was the evidence that went before
the Supreme Court of the United States and upon which they will review the
finding of Judge Brewer.
ONE WAY OF CORRECTING TESTIMONY.
A Little Mistake of a Quarter Million of Dollars Made In the Figures
Is Corrected.
Mr. Randall the freight Auditor of the Burlington testified that the earn
ings of his road in Nebraska for the year 1892 were $1,853,036.57 and that
the operating expenses including taxes for the same year were $972,183.70. Mr.
Taylor, the General Auditor of the road testified that the earnings for the
same year were Just as testified to by Mr. Randall but he put the operating
expenses including taxes at el.22L.742.84, or about $250,000 more than Mr.
Randall. Mr. Randall was recalled some days afterwards and asked
whether or not the figures which he guve.when foruerly on thestand were
correct, and he said that they were with the exception of the operating ex
penses, which should be $1,221,742.84, or the same as those given by Mr.
Taylor. He made no attempt to explain his former testimony. Yet, within
a few days he Increased the operating expanses for the year mentioned over
$250,000. He was the freight auditor and therefore, his means of knowledge
were even better than those, of Mr. Taylor, yet he changed his testimony
upon this point and took the figures of Mr. Taylor without giving one word
of explanation for his conduct It would seem that the State's Attorneys,
looking out for the Interests of the State, would have at least asked Mr.
Randall how he came to make this mistake, if it was a mistake, but not
one word was asked him by the attorney general. Mr. Hastings permitted
this testimony to go before the court unchallenged and without any atiempt
to ascertain the reason for the change by cross examination. It is fair to
say that Mr. Webster was not present whfn Mr. Randall appeared to correct
his testimony. This point waa a most Important one, but the first two were
the onea upon which the case turneS. It is clear that upon each point the
State's InteresU were betrayed by those whose sworn duty it was to pro
tect them.
HOW VALUABLE TIME WAS WASTED.
Only Such a Record as Fools or Knaves Should be Proud Of Interests
of the People Trifled With.
Much valuable time was lost by a futile appeal of those cases to the
appellate court, which court was entirely without jurisdiction in the prem
ises, and nothing could be done there. ,
The legislature of 1895 passed an. act which was approved April 5, 1895,
authorizing the appeal of the cases to the Supreme Court of the United
States, and making an appropriation for the necessary expenses and extra
counsel fees. This appropriation amounted to $10,000, all of which has
been expended.
August 3rd, 1895, four months thereafter, the cases were docketed In
the Supreme Court of the United States.
On December 15tb, 1895, four months after the docketing and eight
months after the passage of the law authorizing the appeals, a motion was
filed In the Supreme Court to advance the cases and that motion was sus
tained on December 23rd, and the cases set down for bearing March 4
1896.
On March 4th and 5th, 1896, argument was had and the cases submitted
to the court.
On April 20th, the same year, the cases were, by order of the Court, re
stored to the docket and a reargument ordered.
On May 25, 1896, the Supreme Court adjourned and did not again as
semble until October 12th, the date on which the next term commenced.
NEW LIFE INJECTED INTO THE TRIAL.
A New Attorney-General and Hon. W. J, Bryan Take a Hand In the
Case In the Interests of the Feople.
November 30th, six months after the re-argument was ordered a mo
tion for the advancement of the cases waa filed and on December 7th was
overruled, with the right to renew the motion on the third Monday In Janu
ary. 1897. Attorney General Smyth first appeared In the cases In January
1897, and submitted the motion, which on the following Monday was sustain
ed and the cases set down for argument April 6th, at which time the At
torney General.wlth Mr. Webster and Hon. W. J. Bryan appeared before the
Supreme Court and finally argued and submitted the cases to the court
. A decision is exptected from the Supreme Court at the commencement
of the term in October. The present Attorney General haa exerted every ef
fort to get this matter disposed of. He was In Washington before the Su
preme Court urging the case within two weeks after he assumed his office,
and at no time since that has the matter been neglected, but as before state!
haa been In the banda of the Court since April.
the second, but using both ears he
could not distinguish them when they
occurred oftencr than 15 times a sec
ond. The sharp sound of the electric
spark of an Induction coil was dis
tinguished with one ear when the rate
was as high as 500 to the second.
Sight Is much less keen than hearing
in distinguishing differences. If a disc
half white and half black bo revolved,
It will appear gray when its revolu
tions exceed 21 per second.
It has been found that we can hear
far more rapidly than we can count,
so that If a clock-clicking movement
THE PEOPLE
DOUBLE DEALING
runs faster than ten to the second we
can only count for clicks, whllo with
twenty to the second we can only
count two of them. Fatigue and want
of nervous vigor has a marked effect
In lengthening the shortest time that
we can distinguish between different
impression.
Alcohol acted, as might be expected,
In making the subject of exjcrlroent
not able to distinguish tuch minute
Intervals of time m he was able to
do without It, and at the same time
In making him believe that he was
doing better than usual.