i
The,. Sioux County Journal,
VOLUME IX.
HAKhTSOX, NEBRASKA THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1890.
NUMBER 4.
Ceavlot Road Builder.
The plan o' building better roads by
mean of cor.rlet labor will probably be
generally adopted In Canada, In con
nection therewith a novel proposition la
advocated. It la suggested that the
'convicts be paid remunerative wage,
and that this money be used for the
' aupport of convk-ta' wives and fam
ilies. We Trow Not.
Von whom the wheel in giving
A world of perfect bliss.
Would life be worth the living
Were all the roadi like thin?
Good Roada In Michigan.
The question of good roads is receiv
ing .niuvh attention In south western
Michigan this season, and In ma re
places more road work la being clone
than before In many yours. In the
fruit belt the growers are awakening
to the fact tfU it la much money in
theirpockcts to be able to deliver their
. products In good condition at the ship
ping stations, wlrile farmers in geuernl
are taking much more Interest In the
manner In which the road taxes are ex
pended. Berrien Springs resident have
found flie Iniprovetnent of the bigh
waya to the lake ahore a profitable In
vestment. The original Intention wan
to. attract more trade to the village
from- the neighboring fanners, but it
lms also resulted In making a favorite
route for parties of Chicago wheelmen,
who ride up from Benton Harbor and
give the village an apearance of life,
whi4i haa been largely atent educe, the
removal of the county sent.
Good Roada Hecan in Ky
It would be Interesting to kuo iow
many of tlxjse that clamor for good
roads know the history of road build
ing. Good roada and the desire for them
legan with civilization anl have kept
pace one with the other ever since.
It whs recognized long ago that good
roadK meant the life of a nation, for
once then- were no means of traiwpor
tatJon other than througli the medium
Of good roada.
For one of the good roada of the olden
times the world 1h Indebted to Clwona,
one of the greatest of Egyptian kings.
He, with others of his time, believed
that 3.0W years after he died he would
return to earth again In the flesh. He
therefore begun the construction of the
' Pyramid of Glzeh, which l 450 fi1
wide and stands lntiu.1 to-day.
The pyramid was constructed of great
blocks of stone, which had to be trans
ported from a distance. To faHlltate
fbelr transportation Obeopg built a road
of polWhed stone from the quarrlea, on
the Nile, to the pyramid.
. , In the construction of that road 100,
"' 000 men were busily engaged for ten
years. They dragged the great blocks
of atone over the polished road by
fastening ropes about the blocks and
hauling on them. The road of polished
stone was twelve miles long. That was
the beginning of the good roads move
ment, which has continued ever since
with more or loss ardor, but always ad
vancing. The Romans were famous road build
ers, and the Grecians vied with them.
They built roada to make easier the
transportation of their armies. The
system of roads under the power of the
Romans, and particularly at the time
when Julius Caesar made history, was
extended Into Franc and Germany,
and the foundations for the good roads
for which Prance la famous i-day
were laM by the Romans. The Romans
'extended a system Into England and
1ml rt roads there the foundation of
"which remain to the present time.
In the building of roads the Romans
do not seem to have gone about It much
differently than we do to-day. Their
roads -were from four to seven feet
thk'kiuid were made up of rocks of dif
ferent sites, the lower layer being
blocks of stone fitted together by hand.
Smaller atones succeeded and the to))
' layer was, of fine stone rolled down to
a smooth surface.
With the advent of the locomotive
.ghway were neglected and doterlo--nrtsd-
gradually until the appearance
"tit Mcychv The wheel revived in
teract ttr amtnhV necessity for good
roada, and Imparted an impetus which
; lias,,. already , wrpught , wonderful
kajajrea. '
Zlbe djoague.of American Wheelmen,
-t-wheh credit 1 doe for ttts ton rove
men t on public roads, baa been'rery tc
ttre In bringing . alk inieresietl io 1.
realisation of the situation.
Matters bars progressed so far that
within a comparatively abort tlma pood
mads will be as common as were poor
ones heretofore. The result will be
tliat the total value of property, farm
ing land In particular, will be increas
ed many millions of dollars.
A STRANGE PEOPLE OF OLD.
Marco Polo Deecrlbea One of the Peo
ple He Met In Hla Travels.
Badashan Is a Province Inhabited by
people who worship M a ho m met, and
have a peculiar language. It forms a
very great kingdom, and the royalty I
hereditary. All those of the royal blood
are descended from King Alexander
und the daughter of King Darius, who
was lord of the vast empire of Persia.
nd all these kings call themselves In
the rtaraeeu tongue Zulcarnialn, which
Is as much as to say "Alexander;" and
this out of regard for Alexander the
Great.
It is Lu this province that those fine
and valuable gems, the Palag rubles,
are found. They are got in certain
rocks among the mountains, and In the
search for them the people dig great
caves underground, just as is done by
miners for silver. There is but one spe
cial mountain that produces them, and
't is called Syghlunn. The stones are
lug on the King's account, and no one
else dares dig in that mountain on pain
of forfeiture of life as well as goods;
ror n ay any one carry the stones out
of the kingdom. But the King amasses
them all, and sends them to other kings
when he tins a tribute to render, or
when he dilres to offer a friendly
present; nnd such only as he please he
causes to be sold. Thus he acts In order
to keep the Halas at a high value; for If
he were to allow everybody to dig. they
would extract so ninny that the world
would be glutted with them, and they
would cease to bear any value. Hence
it is that he allows so few to le taken
out, hjhI Is so strict In t lie matter.
There Is also In the same country an
other mountain. In which azure la
found; 'tis the finest in the world, and Is
got In a vein like silver. There are also
other mountains which contain a great
amount of sliver ore, so that the coun
try Is a very rich one; but it is also (H
must be said) a very cold one. It pro
duces numbers of excellent horses, re
markable for their sieed. They are
not rhod at all. although constantly
used in mountainous country, and on
very laid roads. They go at a great
paeo even down steep descents, where
other horses neither would nor could do
the like. And Messcr Marco' was told
1 hat not long ago they possessed I' that
pn.-'.'vcc breed of hort.- descended
from AicAJimler's burse E-.i'cpli,, '
or which naa rroin tneir mrtn a partic
ular mark on the forehead. This breed
was entirely In the hands of an uncle
of the King's; and in consequence of
his refusing to let the King have any of
them, the latter put him to death. The
widow then, In despite, destroyed the
whoh) breed, and It Is now extinct. '.
In the mountains there are vast num
bers of sheep 400, 500 or tXK) In a single
dock, and all of them wild; and though
many of them are token, they never
ieem to get aught the scarcer.
Those mountains are so lofty that 'tis
a ha nl day's work, from morning till
evening, to get to the top of thein. On
setting up, you find an extensive plain,
with great abundance of grass and
tree, and copious springs of pure
water running down through rocks and
a vines. In those brooks are found
fout and many other fish of dainty
kinds; and the air In those regions Is so
pure, and residence there so healthful,
that when the men who dwell In the
towns, and In the valleys and plains,
1nd themselves attacked by any kind
of fever or other ailment that may hap,
they lose no time In goLng to the hills;
and after abiding there two or three
days, they quite recover their health
through the excellence of that air. Atid
Mess or Marco said he had proved this
by experience; for when In those parts
tie had been 111 for about a year, but as
soon as he was advised to visit that
mountain he did so and got well at
once. '
In this kingdom there are many strait
and perilous passes, so difficult to force
that the people have uo fear of Invasion.
Their towns and villages also ar?pn
lofty hills, and In very strong positions.
They are excellent archers, and miirh
gives to the chase; indeed, most of
them are dependent for clothing on the
skins of beasts, for stuffs are very dear
among them. The greet Indies, how
evsf, rs arrayed In staffs, and I will
tall rem the style of thslf dress, They
ll eat troueers made of oorroa cloth,
nud Ins the msklnjr of rite some will
put Hxty, eighty or ctwi JO0 ells of
fctuff.-St. Nicholas.
Bad Tempered Bulla.
Every year we hear of so-called acci
dents where men have Iteeu killed by
bulls that they supposed were jterfeet
ly docile. Ther Is never any depend
ence on a bull. Even those a year old
have been known to suddenly turn and
attack those attending them. When
the bull Is a calf a stout ring should be
Inserted In hla nose that will last him
through life. .-Then with a cord tying
the ring to a stout stick the attendant
can always have the bull under control
an that no matter what hts will may he
he will be powerless to effect harm.
', ; i H '. ; ......
Ceilings "which hart become black
ened by the smoke from lamps ,or gas
may be easily cleansed by washing
them with cloths wrong out of watar
In which tome soda hat been dissolved.
ALL ABOUT THE FARM
SUBJECTS INTERESTING
RURAL READERS.
TO
Dairy Department Equipment In an
Experiment Station A Homemade
Windmill that Anawera All, tie
qnlrementa. Dairy Department.
In the accompanying engraving the
first shows the floor plan of the new
creamc-ry, and the second presents a
perspective view of the new dairy barn,
which have recently been added to the
equipment of the Maryland Experi
ment (Station. This addition has been
okoi'nii n.AS or cbkamkkv.
made in order to keep pace with chang
ing conditions of the agriculture of the
State. .Many sections that were but a
few years ago grain-producing are now
becoming dairy centers. In 1KS8 there
were lens than six creameries In-the
State, but now there are eighty In oper
ation. The work at present of the sta
tion will be to Illustrate the best meth
ods of work with the average condi
tions as they exist In the Suite. Illus
trations how to go about selecting and
rearing a profitable butter herd will be
a prominent feature a herd that will
produce :',)Hl Kuuds or over per cow,
instead of the present low State aver
age of Hki pound per cow. It will also
be the aim of the station In Its ever)-,
day work, and by means of accounts, to
show how Jl is possible to carry a cow
per1 acre Instead of using four or Ave
A1
PKU&l'KCTlVR- .VIEW OF DAIRY BAltN.
acves as Is usually done. The more
technical work will Iw with feeds and
Improved methods of hnndllng and cure
of products.'' .The dairy barn is fitted,
up with a numls'r of kinds of stan
chions, Newtou cow tics, Bldwell stalls
and the old-fashioned mangers, and
many onvenlences for preparing and
handling feeds. American Agricultur
ist. Good Advice.
The habit of Killing attention to de
fects alsmt Iioiim-s, by apologizing foF
them, is a bad ofie, and one that-no self
respecting woman should follow. The
following advice given to a young mar
ried woman who was visited by an
other older and wore experienced one
may be helpful to some of our readers.
When the visitor rose to go the hostess
came with her to the door, and out upon
the piazza, which, however, looked a
little dusty in the corners. "Oh, dear!"
said the yonug wife, "how provoking
the servants are! I told Mary.tonweep
the iilazza thoroughly, and now look
how dusty It Is." "Grace," said the
older woman, looking into the disturbed
young face with kindly, humorous eyes,
"I am an old housekeeper. Iet me give
you a bit' of advice: Never -direct, peo
ple's attention to defects. - Unless you
do so they will rarely see them. Now,
If I had been In your place and noticed
the dirt, I should have snld, 'How blue
the sky Is!' or 'How beautiful the clouds
areT or 'How bracing the air is!' Then
I should have looked up at that as I
spoke, and should have gotten you
down the steps, and out of sight with
out, your seeing the dust!". There Is a
good lesson here for many of us.
Feneflta of Karly Fall Plowing.
In all our cxix-rlence we have never
seen any- but -the best ri'sults from
early fall plowing, while on the other
hand we have often seen the 111 effects
of late' plowing on' the next 'crop. At
one time we began the plowing of a
field containing eighty acresMwhlle still
engaged In stacking, the wejf "weather
having Interfered with the latter work,
says a writer In the '"Ho'inesfMd."
Plowing was continued at odd. times. till
late In the fall, and the following yeift
the entire field was planted In corn;
During the summer' the growing corn
told unerringly of the difference in
time of plowing, the crop being the
best on the early plowed ground and
the poorest on the late plowed, With
our experience In plowing stubble
ground for a crop of corn we would
much prefer spring plowlng'to that of
the late fall, the only thing to be said
in, favor of the latter being that work
si not usually so pressing In the fall a
la the spring, but sarly fall plowing
Is far better than either, whether for
corn or mall grain, and' If the surface
1 - .
of the soil does become packed all th
better for the crop. It will show Its
appreciation as soon as it secures a
foothold.
Ponltry Pointers,
When hens lay thin-shelled eggs they
are in need of lime.
The roosts should be low, especially
for large, heavy fowls.
Build the house ten by ten feet for
ten fowls, and the yard ten times
larger.
Ducklings are marketed at five
pounds weight, which they attain In ten
weeks.
Placing an old cock bird In a run of
cockerels will prevent the latter from
lighting.
Ten dozen eggs a year is the aver
age estimate given as the production of
the hen.
Thirteen eggs are considered a set
ting, though many breeders are now
giving fifteen.
Better for the wife to earn her pin
money with 'poultry than to take In
washing or sewing.
In shipping live poultry It is poor
economy to ship the best witu the poor
est. Grade them.
Don't forget to clean out the nests
and put In new litter, for the lice are
still with us. Better strew a handful
of Insect powder In the nest to help
drive the enemy out. )
Attention to poultry Jiuys on the farm,
and during theae times, when country
produce is selling at euch low prices,
there Is no product ou the farm that
brings cash so reodlly as poultry and
eggs.
Winter Rye.
An Eastern farmer writes: To those
who have never tried It I would say,
sow a Held of rye this year. How it
early, and' do not be afraid to pasture
It late. It will come up nicely In the
spring, affording pasturage long In-fore
the feraw) Is big enough to turn into,
lieep it fed down as long as possible,
bty when it begins to Joint, keep out
themtock if you want It for hay, or to
perfect the grain for threshing. In cut
ting for hay cu' before It begins to turn
yellow at lie roots, so that It will be
jcreen ;iud nice when cured., If It can
be. uid for hogs let them remain in It
,.11 ,,,..r.,- ..M1 A. ..4 t U
lousiest VA v of fattening tbeni you ever
L) it?. jivijug uium'h oyriUK figa glow
eju;fl to it, although a little ground
feed may be fed to, advantage at any
tfljne, and milk the same.
. 'i . . a r . jl
Anllt.
wliirtrntll mic.M ka - Vn-siveit
low can be made by nl1'' ingenious
farmer at a trifling expense-. For an
upright to place the windmill on, I use
0 by 6 Inch elm scantling. Cut a 2-Inch
strip four feet long from the center and
run It down on the cribbing of the well.
Two Imlts, a, a, were riveted through
upriglit: to cribbing. Two braces, b, of
2 by 4 Inch scantling make the upright
secure. To upper end of upright is bolt
ed a piece of old pump piping about two
feet long for the sucker rod c c to work
through, as well as for the windmill to
turn and face the wind. The crosaplece
upon which the windmill works, d, con-
A CHKAP PUMP.
taine a hole Just large enough to allow
It to turn easily on this pipe. The shaft
from the windmill to pitman passes
close at one side of this pipe. The tail
or vane Is rut on the opposite side of
the crossplece to the fan and balances
It. To prevent the main vane from hold
ing the fan too straight to the wind In a
storm, I placed a smaller vane, e, at the
side.' Strong winds press against the
smaller vane, turning the fan out
enough fo prevent breaking. The cross
piece Is 0 by (i Inches. At about one
third of the distance from the pipe to
pitman Is placed a standard, g, for a
lever, f, to work on. These parta were
made by el blacksmith. My windmill
has been In', operation over a year, and
since placing the smaller vane, e, on the
side, I tin re had no trouble with It;
before then, a storm would break the
leaves. It, M. B., In Farm and Home.
Horticultural Hints.
Cut out the raspberry canes that hare
borne fruit this year.
How have you been most successful
In keeping winter apples?
Cuttings Of currant or gooseberry
plants may , be made thla month.
if horticulturists want to Improve
their conditions, and the gsneral con
dition of the people, the should get lu
touch with each other.
a
TALKS ON POLITICS.
The only woman campaign speaker In
the East who addresses meetings ex
clusively of men is Mrs. Edward Mont
gomery TUlinghast, better known as
Elizabeth Sheldon. She Is a bright-
eyed little woman, who looks as though
she might better grace an evening re
ception than carry on in argument In a
political debate. As a matter of fact,
she Is a most versatile young woman,
and can with ready tact adapt herself
either to the drawing-room, the political
MKS. tUlVABD M. TILLING HAST.
speakers' platform or the studio. Mrs.
Tilllnghast has a varied experience for
a young woman. In school she was
noted for brilliuncy in debate and
rhetoric, but immediately after leaving
the high school In New Haven she be
gan the study of Interior decoration.
Her first big audience was In Chicago,
where she addressed the Woman's con
gress at the World's Fair. Her first
speech whlcn'lnight be called a political
effoi-t was made before tne Woman's
council in Washmgten. The subject of
political finance was not a new one to
her, as her father, former Judge Shel
don, had always made it a point to dis
cuss political questions In the family
circle. Having a thorough knowledge
of the political questions of the day,
and having accustomed herself to
speaking before an audience, Mrs. Till
lnghast determined to enter the cam
paign as a stump speaker and address
pollt'cal meetings through the East.
Women on a Heal Kqnolitv.
Iceland is said to be a paradise for
the woman's righter, for from the
earliest period the women of that little
Island have enjoyed a distinct iudividu
rlity, having always had an equal place
In the household with their huslwinds.
In all matters of church and jiarish wo
man has her vote, and, as the church
and state are combined, this Is really a
civic privilege. She has also full
municipal suffrage, but as yet cannot
vote upon matters pertaining to com
merce, nor for members of parliament,
though there is a strong sentiment In
favor of giving her these additional
advantages. Women take part in many
political meetings, and talk upon all
political subjects. During the althing
sessions great numbers of the Intelli
gent women of the capital city are in
constant attendance. For some years
there has existed a political society of
women, and when momentous ques
tions affecting their Interests are be
fore the legislative body, large meet
ings are called and addressed by wo
men, setting forth their claims.
Garbed for Climbing Mountains.
Advice for Cool Weather.
Openwork stockings and low shoes
are very appropriate for summer re
sorts and sweltering days, but at the
first touch of fall after the first drop
of 90 degrees In the thermometer they
ought to be put snugly and secnrsly
away with fans, parasols and all the
paraphernalia of spmmer time. Wo
men's shoes art, as a rule, so lightly
ISP
made that even their boots are not
much protection to their feet; but the
low shoe is purely ornamental, and If It
Is worn out of season a dozen small
woes will affect Its wearer to her con
tinued discomfort. Chilled ankles and
cold feet mean a low tone to the whole
system and a multiplicity of petticoats
will not remedy the evil. George Eliot
In her later years attributed her miser
able health to the fact that when she
was a girl at school the stoves failed to
heat the large rooms properly and her
hands' and feet were almost always
cold. If you want to keep your com
plexion good or make it better If you
want to escape the physical Ills that so
often come with October days; If you
want to feel strong and bright and com
fortable and well, see to It that your
dainty silk stockings and bewitching
ties are securely hidden out of sight and
your feet and ankles 'are clothed so
warmly that their due share of blood Is
where it belongs, and not In some other
part of your body making mischief.
Value of Bright, Attractive Homes
"The Touch of a Woman's Hand" la
the caption of an editorial in Ladles'
Home Journal, In which Edward W.
Bok makes a plea for pleasant, bright
homes in which are manifested the
evidences of the wife's good teste and
an enthusiastic Interest In her house
hold: "One reason why some men do
not get along better in this world," Mr.
Bok contends, "is because they have
not the proper stimulant in their homes.
Their homes lack those little touches of
refinement which bring the best out
of them. Neatness and taste are possi
ble In the poorest homes. Let a wo
man make that atmosphere as dainty
as her means allow, and she will raise
her husband to the same standard.
And as she elevates him the effect Is
felt upon herself, her children, her
home and her future. Some men re
spond more slowly to the touch of a
woman's hand displayed In their homes
and u-on their surroundings. The
task may seem hopeless to the wife at
times. But sooner or later the effect
will show Itself. There le somthlng In
every man Orhieh responds to a higher
and gentler f xfuence. Let his home be
r-ffch and iKv-l beSragM.'.'-sHit Ui--fuse
jnto tiat iio.d- a softening touch,
be it yes so simple, and the man feels
It even though he may not directly no
tice it. He imbibes it unconsciously,
and its effect is sure upon him.
Mrs. David R. Francla.
There will be a few women In Wash
ington society next winter who will sur
pass In beauty or spirit Mrs. David B.
MRS. FHAHCIS.
Francis, the wife of the new Secretary
of the Interior, recently appointed by
President Cleveland to take the place'
vacated by Hoke Smith. Mr. and Mrs.
Francis are Mlssourlans, and have the
hearty Western hospitality whlch
seems so usual In the trans-Mlsslsslppl
region. '
J a at Like Other Grannies.
The little daughters of a member of
the Duke of Conuaught's staff' were
recently Invited to lunch " with the
daughters of the latter at Government
house, Aldershot. After the! meal the
young people adjourned to the grounds.,
"Do you know my grandmother?"
asked rrlneess Margaret of one of her'
guests. ,, .
"No," was the reply." . ....
"I am going to stay with her at Wind
sor to-morrow," continued the princess,
"and she Is going to have a company
from London and some theatricals. I
mean to get around grannie to let me,
sit up to see them. I always have tol
go to bed."
Evidently Princess Margaret did "geti
around grannie," for the day after thej
theatrical performance, which she was,
so anxious to witness, her name was
among those of the spectators. " During
tne absence of their parents' In India-
she and her sister were so much with.
the queen that they probably know as1
well as any of the royal grandchildren'
how to coax their august grandmother
Into giving them any wlsbed-for treat.
She Repairs Bicycles.
The new woman In London has gone
Into the blcyle repairing business. She
has a long list of customers,, each of
whom she calls upon' once a week,'
With every part of the bicycle aha l,
familiar, baring studied it very care
fully at a bicycle school. She can tight
en up a pedal, repair a broken chain,,
and readjust the saddle with marrsJou
ease and great rapidity. She can alt
Instruct beginners.