ILLITERACY AND SOLDIERS.
mm to Wkftker UwatlM
MakM a Flsbtor.
Military men, and especially military
of a higher rank twin common
liers and subaltern, do not agree
rery much better on disputed points
han doctor or lawyer. One point
Of aerious difference between soldiers
arises over the question whether, an a
rule, well-educated soldiers make bet
ter fighters than those who are either
Illiterate or have only the rudiments
of education. Recently some official
figures have been published by the
War Department In St Petersburg
bowing that more than 75 per cent, of
the Russian conscripts are Illiterate.
Out of men drafted Into the
army each year 2o0,0oo are unable to
read or write. On entering the army
they are taught to do both. Hence the
Bussian War Minister claims for the
conscriptive system the credit of beins
n adjunct to rudimentary public in
struction. Russia has always ranked lowest
among the countries of Europe in re
spect to the education of its soldier,
and in the same category with Russia,
though a little above it, are the Dauu
biau States, Servia and Uoumania.
Above Russia, but below the other Eu
ropean countries In which educational
advantages are most generally dif
fused, are Italy, Hungary, Portugal,
Spain, and Greece, forming, so to speak,
an Intermediate group. Of the Italian
conscripts of 1WW. before the Vene
tian provinces secured their Independ
ence or before the unification of Italy
was established, only 30 per cent, were
able to read, and the standard of edu
cation was lower at that time among
the soldiers than among the general
population of Italy, for 40 per cent of
the men who married were able at that
time to sign the marriage register.
In 1871, the year following the estab
lishment of Rome as the political cap
ital of Italy, the number of conscripts
able to read had risen to 43 per cent
In 1SS1 It wag 52 per cent., in 187
It was m per cent, and In ls!)5 per
cent., the present average. In Hungary
the ratio of conscripts able to read and
write is the same as In Italy, 00 per
cent, but It varies very much through
out the Austrian Empire, being 20 per
cent in Poland, 55 per cent in Tyrol,
85 per cent in Bohemia, and 90 ier
cent In Austria proper. In Spain It
Is 50 per cent; In Greece It Is 55.
Above these figures of percentages
come those European countries where,
as In the United States, there Is an edu
cational test for admission to the army.
In Norway, Sweden and Denmark all
soldiers a full 100 per cent must be
able to read and write. In Germany
the percentage Is nearly as high, M
ner cent In Switzerland it is 18, and
in Holland, France, England, and Scot
land it is 00. In Belgium It is 83.
Some military authorities declare
that soldiers familiar with reading and
writing and Inspired by the ambition
which comes from education, make
alert and ambitious soldiers, and can
be deiended upon for taking the ini
tiative where illiterate soldiers would
not know, or might not know, what
V) do. That's what some of the mili
tary authorities say, but there are
others, claiming to speak with similar
authority, who say that the observa
tions of Generals In modern warfare
prove the contrary of this proposition..
The first duty of a soldier, it is a
well-established proposition, is to com
ply with the regulations and conform
to the discipline of the service in
other words, to obey orders. Literary
accomplishments or even a rudimental
knowledge of the requirements of edu
cation do not help a soldier in firing
a gun or aiming at an enemy or per
forming sentry duty or making a long
march. For officers, perhaps, writing,
and arithmetic may be a very good
thing, but for actual service on the
battle-field or in trenches, physical
strength and a willingness to olicy im
plicitly the orders of commanders are
much more Important than general
knowledge.
It Is certainly a fact that Scandina
vian soldiers, with whom the standard
of education is now highest have not.
In modern times, shown any superior
efficiency. In fact they have kept out
of war as much as possible, except
jlnrlni? the Danish-Prussian war of
1864, In which certainly the Danes did
Bot conscpicuously distinguish them
selves as formidable adversaries to the
better trained, If not better educated.
Germans.
Perpetual Motion?
Perpetual motion has been the dream
f the Inventor almost ever since the
first invention of any kind was per
fected. PHny says that in his time
there were machine wblch the Inven
tors claimed would work, without stop
ping, for an Indefinite length of time,
and in tne patent omce oi every gov
icrnment of the world there are nun
dreda of devices for securing this end.
One authority states that In the patent
jeOce at Washington there are over
VUUU aucn apiiancea, lor eacn oi which
the Inventor hoped success. The per
petual motion machine, however, have
asver succeeded, and never will until
mi snecesa in overcoming rnction,
fcbs Inertia of matter and gravitation
LmA taw In finding material that will
jajarcr wear out
"After all" Mid the thoughtful girl.
' "ths presentation of the engagement
' rta It relic of barbarism, a remlnis-
; of obsolete conditions." That'
' ra," was the enthusiastic rejoinder. "I
f a tries It were the condition to give
XigfOM. wanningioa inr.
- "Do yon bSTe a telephone In roar
4- C Cs a sight. And tf I had a
""" :3s rt esms any wits weald eaU bm
' ) ri22 Kiambm toss tf I was
is'-i -- ' -
tAAAtohs
THE INDEBTED FARMER
DEBASE ME NT Of THE CURRENCY
WILL NOT HELP HIM.
Fw Whm to U Ubnw Waale LeaS
to m Cartmllmeut f tka raaaampUea of
Farm Jr4cW-Pric Ww14 Bala
A correspondent writes:
Amoug fa nm-n this argument Is owd:
Suppose a farmer 9us loo acres of laud,
on tilth fax uae P1. 1 bit year be b
low bushels ot wheal to se.l. lie proceed
of ahlch be iM-t to sob y u the d-bt.
t rwu( th! socst U oith 50 n-uK per
bu.tu.-l, or t--.nu bill the cut. re debt, t uder
free sliver be oui(l a-et ti p-r bubel la
5o-cent dollar, or lt mumjh lo dis
charge I be ilclt. H should ai srginieut
be luel:
The change froia he loO-cent gold dol
lar to tbe 50-eent silver dollar can lie of
no possible bench . to farmers who are out
of debt, or to farmers who are in debt
but have contracted to pay iu gold.
These two classes embrace majority
of all tbe tillers of lue toil who own.
or claim u own. lam,.
But there are many farn.ers who nave
bought laud on time, or who have bor
rowed money to slock or iniproie tue
farms they own. and have not bound
themselves to pay in gold. Before these
farmers vote tor free, .liuairc, thinking
it will aid them, they should study tbe
subject carefully.
A chauge of trie axmisru to cneap
free silver will wipe o-Jt one-half tbe
value of all tbe note-, mortgages, oe-
posits iu navmgn, uatoi.al. tate and
private bauks: stoi k of tiiiildiiig and loan
association, life insurance wiicies, aud
money iu baud. I hrrv will not tie a
transfer of wealth frf)lu one set of per
ilous to another, but a d-structiou of
wealth.
These losdes. enormous in the aggre
gate aud distributed all over the country,
necessarily will bring on a terrific panic.
whicb will paralyze all trade for a time
and throw out of employment several
millions of wage-earners. Those who do
have work will get uo more .S-ceut free
coinage dollars than they get uow ltlO
cent gold dollars. Thus the purchasing
lower of tbeir wages would tie cut Uow a
one-half.
This universal industrial collapse and
destruction of the purchasing iiow.t of
the mass of tbe community would lessen
the demand for ail farm products, and
thus depreciate their value.
This would be inevitable. Men with
no wages or with half wages cannot buy
the accustomed quantities of food. The
4.' millions living in the cities and vil
lages, belonging to the industrial classes,
would have to economize rigorously in
their food purchases. They would buy
the least possible, of the poorest quality
they could get along with.
there would not be tbe demand for
beef, veal, unitton, tsirk. eegs, batter,
cheese, milk, fruits and vegetables which
exist ordinarily. In view of this de.
creased demand the producer the farm
vr would have to lower his prices or his
products would be left on hii hands.
Thus every farminK community would
suffer. The agriculturists of tbe United
Mutes would lose hundreds of millions
owing to their inability to market their
products. J'hcy complain that prices are
low uow. 1 bey would nnd prices inucn
lower than when there was no demaud
for what they had raised.
The cotton planters would not suffer
as much by the free coinage panic as the
Northern producer of foodstuffs. Nor
would the tobacco growers of the border
states. But they would not escape alto
gether, for it ia impossible to injure the
ortr-nve millions of town people with
out all the rural part of the population
uttering more or less.
J he farmers must know that the city
people are their best and chiefest cus
tomers and that when they are id dis
tress and cannot buy the farmers can
not sell, and consequently suffer.
farmers who are in debt and who
vote for Ki to 1 .rS)-ceut money will find
to their disappointment, if they elect
Bryan and a ropoerat Congress, that
hey have overreached themselves, and
have made tbe payment of their mort
gages still more ditticnlt. lor the panic
will reduce consumption, and they will
get no more cheap dollars than than they
get now good dollars.
No debasement of the currency which
brings on a widespread panic of unprece
dented severity, which may last for
ears, can lie of any benefit to any farm
er, though he he in debt. His mortgage
will be due in five years at the farthest.
and the hojM'd-for double prices to be
paid in cheap dollars with which he can
heat his creditor win not materialize in
time to help him. Chicago 'i'inics-IIer-
ald.
DELUSIVE PROMISES.
frilling with the Currency Should Xot
be Tolerated by Workingmen,
The silver orator of the vacant lot tells
his audience that free coinage would
make money plenty, that if we had more
money prices would rise and that it
prices should rise there would be a great
demand for labor at higher wages.
As to that, iu the first place, free coin
age would not make ruouey more plenty
for a considerable time, lhe hrst enect
would be to drive every dollar of gold
we have out of use, and that would leave
us with about one third less of what
passes for money than we now nave.
All exericiice, as well as reason, proves
that this would lie the first effect, even
if silver and other currency shonld fall
no more than 1 per cent, below gold.
But suppose free coinage should give
us more money, bow would the man who
works for wages got any more of it?
He has no silver bullion costing him 01
cents per ounce to take to the mint and
get made into dollars for his own use at
the rate of 11.40 to the ounce
Tbe mine owner can rake off that fine
profit of til cents an ounce, but no man
who works lor wages can oo it. no not
even the man who digs out the ore in
the mine or labors in the smelting works.
Prices would go up. unquestionably, if
we had more and cheaper money. If
money gets cheaper people will not give
so much sugar or cloth or lumber for a
dollar of the money. In other words, it
will take more money to buy the same
Quantity of sugar, cloth, etc.
How is the workingman going to get
the increased sums of money that he will
have to pay for his groceries and cloth
in? He has nothing toSsell but his la
bor. tie cannot sit down in the evening
and mark op his labor and go out and
ell it for 10, 20, GO or 100 per cent,
more the next dar.
The chances are that he will get no
more for his labor until long after be
has been paying more for moat of tbe
things be has to buy, and then only af
ter be baa been subjected to tbe farther
loss and the wearing Irritation of
strike.
While the mine owners and others on
the iron mi floor of this silver deal are
raking in their nice advance of 86 to (W
t cent, on duiiiob tne nan woo woras
For wages will hare hard scratching to
get enough more to cover half bis loss
from the rise la prices.
"Bat" says tbe stiver orator, "when
prists begin to boom everybody will pro
dsee aaore so as to stake swaey on tbe
rise: worfcswn aisst be hind to de the
predoeimg, and wages moat as as."
The asset rhsroagh sad careful statis
tical iaveetkfatioss prove that wbeorver
new mto (one an snoer toe ptscsas oi
making ansnsy efeean they Kv Always
.warr was
f i rove that whenever pnxi union ass
s-en stimulated by the inflation of prices
it has invariably been overdone. Cuilapoe
has always folowrd, usually tteuled
by panic, and multitudes have suddenly
been thrown out ot employment to stay
out until at a snail's pace eonttuuiirtioa
has overtaken production once mwe.
I bese tia sin ot urudtu-tlou WHO in
tervals of stagnation are alsiut the worst
thing possihW for labor. The bet thing
is the utmost steadiness compatible wiih
industrial progress, and that is attain
able only under a stable monetary
staudard aud system.
1 nuing with the standard is something
that no Workibgmao should counte-
nauce for a moment. Tbe toilers of
Kugland learned that long ago, and tie
day they warn their American brethren
agaiut the seductive wiles of the sil-
verites who seek to degrade the stand
ard. Chicago Chronicle.
THE SILVER QUESTION.
Kv. Theodora L. Cayler IMaeoarses oa
lta Mural Aapefts.
Unless I mistake the signs of the
times, the priiicijjb. of universal suf-
Irage will l- subjected to a more severe
strain this year than at any previous
time during the present generation. The
Civil war iinijosed but a slight strain;
slavery was a sectional institution, which
weut down under tbe sujs-rior fon-es of
the free states: and the preservation of
the nation's life a"alfd to all classes,
rich or sir, educated or ignorant. The
humblest bmlcamer in an Kastern city,
and the roughest miner in a Western
camp, could understand why tbe Hag
should ie fought for and the Itcbcllion
suppressed. The issues then were plain,
dixtinct aud simple.
the great, burning question which is
to lie submitted to the suffrages of thir
teen millions of voters this year is one
that requires some study and intelligence
to comprehend it, and an honest con
science to decide the moral issues in
volved. The currency question is far
more vital than high or low tariff, or any
policy towards foreign nations. It bxe
tbe value of every dollar that the shop-
kecsr puts into his till, every dollar
that the housewife carries to market.
aud every dollar that is put into tbe
contribution Isn on the Sabbath. Dis
honesty in the currency tamts every
business transaction in the hind. I'n
happily there is no question on which
there are more plausible sophistries cur
rent and more demagogueisb apis-als to
unreasoning prejudice. lhe silver in
terest, also, is immensely powerful, and
Its propaganda have sown its specious
liteiature broadcast. There is hardly a
barroom or grocery in thciKouth. or a
saloon in the vast West, in which tracts
or iiaisTs cannot Is- found in advocacy
of "cheap money," or "tbe dollar of
our fathers." or "the poor man's coin."
or some kindred financial farrago. It is
not surprising that the free silver lun
acy is widely extended and deeply seat
ed.
Politics and finance Ix-long to the do
main of ethics, and there are some moral
asis-cts of this free silver agitation for
all good citizens. One of them is the
current delusion that there can lie a dou
ble standard of values. This is as ab
surd and as immoral as the use of two
yard sticks In a dry goods store, or two
kinds of a miiltiulicatioii table in a count
ing room. Vet thousands of ignorant
voters in every Houlbcrn and Western
state are mude to believe that botn
gold and a silver standard are possible
and are desirable.
(21 Another immorality connected with
this free silver crusade is the temptation
which it offers to the debtor class to dis
charge their debts in a "cheap" currency.
It is a very attractive idea to a man who
is heavily iu debt that he may pay off
bis obligations in a dollar that is only
worth .50 or '10 cents. That the same
sort of depreciated currency may be
passed off on to himself does not seem
to enter his thick skull. An unstable
standard of values is a constant incen
tive to dishonesty. It buses tbe credit
system ou a quicksand.
I.'t) One of the worst features of free
silver demngoguery is its attcmiits to el
cite hostility between classes. According
to the l,!ig) of these crossropds poli
ticians, (cold is the money of tin- rich,
the silvtr is the money of the pisir la
liorer; therefore, silver should be thrown
into the aiosl enormous circulation, wbst-
ver lie its value. vt nereas uie din
rio-l fijrt connected with this delusion
K, lln'l iinner a uejiri'CiHieo enrreuej uini
n a t .n-.e of li nam nil ppuic or depression.
the p(.r laboring chis-es are uniformly
the severest sufferers. II the reckless
xncrm.eiit of a free coinage ot silver
should ;io carried out, and a widespread
pliriie snotild ensue. 1 a&ollld not feel halt
as niiith pity for the s!.-cnlled "goldbug
of Wall street" lis I should for the ior
negro on s cotton pln-itntion or a poor
caimnfl in the streets of St. Iouis. If
anyone wants to see the incendiary at
tempts to array one class iigsuist nil-
other, l't him rend the recent address
of tl)e Populists, issued from St. Julius
aft-' the Republican convention hud
wis.! declared for the existing gold
standard. That address mingli's its eulo
gies rn Senator I eller with the shame
less jtateiueiit that the existence of a
gold standard is "a tyranny more grind
ing tan that of czars or emM-ror. aud
that "the common people will be in no
better condition than that ot the black
slaves liefore emancipation!" During the
next four months we may eiect a del
uge f.f this mischief-breeding nonsense
anting the more ignorant classes iu all
par-Ik of the land. Universal suffrage
puts a ballot alike into the hands of the
intelligent and the ignorant, of the wise
and of the foolish, and this fact involves
the necessity of the most constant, pa
tient and thorough enlightenment of the
masws of our countrymen on the simple
A, H, C principles of honest currency.
On of the most dangerous symp
toms just now is the rspid spread of the
Pom!istie heresies In regard to the
standard of values, the functions of gov
ernment, and the sacredneas of national
honor. These immoral Ideas have in
fected many members of both the old
parties as well as become the cardinal
doctrines of the new party. We had
a melancholy exhibition of this in the
I'm test States Senate when a senator
from North Carolina Introduced a bill
that really involved the repudiation of
nailnnal obligations! This measure was
denounced by Senator Hawlcy of Con
nefiTit as the "most iniquitous snd dis
graceful measure he bad ever known to
be Introduced into that ho4y." Vet this
same disgraceful bill actually passed the
Senste. receiving the unanimous votes
of the free silverites In tne Republican,
Democratic and Populist parties! That
the highest legislative body of our land
which once echoed to the lofty patriotic
elrxiner.ee of CIst. Weoster. w riirht,
Reward. Sumner and Edmunds shonld
stoop to such sn ignoble travesty of legis
lntion is enough to make every American
blush for bis country.
Wo hear a great desl about the duties
of Christians Tn nurifying municipal gov
ernment, and about tbe application of
"Christian cltlsenship" to the role of tbe
"Kndesvor society," and not one syllable
too much In either direction. I submit
vharhur this free silver mania, which
Is overrunning the land and rupturing
evervone of the parties (not excepting
tbe Prohibitionists), onght not to be put
nnder tbe keen lens of Christian con-
aelence. and looked at squarely aa
Question of Christian ethics. An Intel-
ileent Aemocracr. ruled br reason and
I n. w h. 1m Va nf
meats. Hot universal suffrage onder
tae presssre of "bard times", and anb
ieet to the gales of popular delosion and
Um apnea Is of 4egtjrnes may send
mm aUs asrosnd." There are earns
moral oseetkms at stake this year jast
as truly as there were In the ea saga Was
for I nioa snd Kmsncipation. See,
Theodore L. Cuyler in Tbe Evangelist.
FINANCIAL DEFINITIONS.
In resnonse to msnr inquiries as to the
meaning of expresaionscommonly used in
tbe discussion of issues involved m luis
campaign, the Press has prepared the
following brief table of terma and equiv
alents:
Vrrrm Claage.
Tbe melting snd stamping Ibis
ni'iuey. attlHiut charge for the aerv
i.e. of all silver tuillva brought te
the Uiims.
aixteea to On.
The ratio sought to be maintained
by law, ai-eordiiur to which alxteen
ouuera of silver nhaji equal In value
one ounce of gold.
Conmcrrlal Ratio.
The ratio of act I'll value, the rats
at uhl'-li gold aud ailver can he ei
changed. It Is uow thirty-one ounces
of silver to one ut gold,
Soaad Moaey.
A currency o' whh-h every dollar
la eieliaiigeabl at par with the
staudard dollar of the country la
this country t gold dollar.
The Cold Standard.
The measure f valne adopted by
tbe lending nations of the aorld a
bal for their ctirrem y the i
i K-ol.il In liK-li all obugatloua an
nually redeemable.
A Fifty-Tent Hollar.
ine wabh. owing to the deprecia
tion of ollvcr. Is lutrltndc-ally worth
only this amount, snd maintains lia
face value only by rcaon of the gov
ernment's pledge lo keep it at a par
ity silh gold.
How will Tbey Vole?
The result of the coming election will
depend iiKin the vote of the farmers and
the wage-earners. This is as it should
Is-, for they, more than any other class,
are vitally interested in the outcome.
Tbey, therefore, should examine care
fully the proposition which the I'cmo-eralie-Populist
platform offers them, aud
they should vote on it with a full knowl
edge of its conditions and its inevitable
Consequences.
Tbe Iiemocratie platform protswi-s free
snd unlimited coinage of silver. This
means for the workihguian that the dol
lar which he receives today will purchase
only oue-hiilf of what It now pti rebuses
It means that the seller of couiiiiotjitie
will demand payment for them on a gold
basis. That is to say, be will accept sil
ver, but be will require twice as much of
it for a given article as he does today.
Moreover, he and all other employers of
labor wilr nay wages in silver, so that
no wage-earner will have as much pur
chasing siwer as he hits today. Tbb
applies to every wage-earner in the Unit
ed States, whether he be a day laltorer
a foreman, a suiierintcndcnt. a salaried
nartuer or a president of n company.
Now, how will this aff.-ct the farmer?
Since the tiny of wage-earners will I
worth in the market only half what it is
now worth, the consumption of the em
nloved class and this class forms On
great purchasing clement of our country
will lie cut down one-null. J bey win
Is- conisdled to get along on half the
Hour, half the incut and half the cl-dhes
that they now consume. There will be
no escape from this, beca-.tse their earn
ings will buy only half what tbey will
buy now. There will bo. accordingly, a
diminished demand for all fistd products,
aud every farmer knows that when there
ia no demand for wheat, com. potatoes
snd other products, he cannot sell his
crops.
1- urtherraorc. every holder of a mort
gage on a farm will either demand a
renewal of the mortgage on a gold basis
or he will foreclose at the earliest oe
porttinity. If he renews the mortgage
on a goid basis be will require twice as
much Interest In silver n lie now re
ceives, if he cannot gel this he will
foreclose and take the farm in order to
ovoid receiving s dopreeii'tod currency
in payment of interest ami principal.
The wage-earner, therefore, would re
ceive only half what he now receives.
The fanner could not sell his crops, and.
In addition, would lose bis farm.
Free ami unlimited coinage of silver
means the robbery of the wage-earner
and the farmer. Will they vote for their
own destruction or will they vote for
Protection, which will increase the de
mand for labor, and. consequently, the
demand for farm products, since men
who are employed always consume more
than men who are unable to find work?
Will they vote for a financial system
that will rob them or will they vote for
s sound currency that will give to every
mini to whom a dollar is due a full, hon
est dollar worth loo ceuts iu every mar
ket lo the world?
Campaign Pointers.
The sensible voter goes about declar
ing that tbe thing most needed is the
fn-e coinage of American muscle.
Prohibition mar be a good thing, but
what the country needs uow is the "gold
cure.
A 'St raved lioldbng writes to the
New York Sun of what he calls "the
eternal fitness of the title, the Hoy Orn-
tor of the Platte. lie explains that the
Platte is 1000 miles long and only six
inches deep.
Keware of the man or newspaper wno
seeks to win ill the present political con
test by "prejudice.
Pitch in. boys, and we will show our
silverite opponent that the Republican
nartv is made of pure gold nDU will nan
out 100 cents on the dollar.
An oratorical failure for a man who
was nominated on nis lung power is
rather a serious thing.
Mr. Hryan s speccn had the effect of
depressing American stocks in Europe.
Its principal effect, however, was the
depressing of Bryan stock in America.
I here is one gooo tning aoout tne tree
silver bubble, and that is that when it's
biggest it will burst.
Scratch a tree silver advocate and you
will find an inflationist. He is a man
who believes that wealth can be created
by act of Congress, and hard times abol
ished by a law declaring poverty a penal
offense.
Free coinage 01 silver would greatly
benefit a!! the people of this country ex
cept those who happen not to own silver
mines.
The more the people understand the
real meaning of free silver coinage the
less likely the country is to be afflicted
with that folly.
Maj. M.Kinh-y will put his record
agsinst Willie Bryan's promises and
await the verdict of the people.
Farmers who think they would get a
dollar a bushel (or wheat nnder free
silver coinage should remember that l3
cents' worth of silver and 47 cents
worth of wind do not make a dollar.
It will take more than Bryan's oratory
to make the people believe that the
wrong is the right.
The Intuition of women tells them
that McKinley Is the man to be Presi
dent, and woe be to the husband wbo
does not follow tneir en vice.
It Is becoming evident that Mr. Bryan
heads too many tickets.
If a silver basis Is a good thing for
a nation, why ia Russia exerting her
best effort to accamnlate a vast store of
gold in order to reach a full gold basis
as soon as nosslble? Russia Is now on
a silver basis, and desires no longer to
be classed with China, Japan, Mexico,
Argentine Republic, Brasil, Branador,
India, Afghanistan and every other in-conaeqnentedjporertr-strickeB
nation oa
the earth. The nations which are the
axore prosperous a ad aaore powerful
spars a Da-cent dollar monetary naaia.
JAMES Q. BLAINE ON SILVER,
Extract from a Speech Delivered in the United
States Senate, Feb. 7, 1878.
"I believe the struggle now going on in
this country and In other countries for a
single gold standard would, if auccessful,
produce widespread disaster In and
throughout the commercial world. The
destruction of silver as money, and estab
lishing gold aa the sole unit of valne,
must have a ruinous effect on all forms
of property except those Investments
which yield a fixed return in money.
Those would be enormously enhanced in
value, and would gain a disproportionate
and unfair advantage over every other
species of property. If. as the most relia
ble statistics affirm, there is nearly seven
billion dollars of coin or bullion in the
world, very equally divided between gold
and silver, it is impossible to strike silver
out of existence ns money without results
thst will prove distressing to millions and
utterly disastrous to tens of thousands.
"I believe gold and silver coin to be the
money of the Constitution, indeed, the
money of the American people anterior
Carlisle' Points Answered.
First. Not a free-coinage country ex
ists In the world to-day thnt hi not on
a stiver basis.
It pays them best, or they would be
on a gold basis, since both are free to
these countries.
Second. Not a gold-standard country
exists In the world to-day that does not
use silver aa money along with gold.
They have to. This proves all that the
double standard advocates contend for.
Third. Not a silver-standard country
exlsta In the world to-tlay that uses nny
gold as money along with sliver.
Tbey don't need It; they can sell It at
a profit to outsiders, whose people are
controlled by bankers.
Fourth. Not a sllver-etandard country
exists In the world to-day that ban more
tluin ot-tliird as much money In circu
lation per capita as the United States
haa.
They have all they want, nnd can get
more whenever tiiey want It, as coinage
is free. We can't get half enough gold,
and wtiat we do get won't stay here.
Fifth. Not a silver-standard country
exists In the world to-day In which the
laboring man receives fair pay for his
lay's lalwr.
There no silver-standard country In
the world In which the "laboring man"
would vote to go on a gold basis; and
there ia no gold-standa rd country In the
world In which the "laboring man'
would not vote to go onto a double
standard basis. IVenldent Dial has
Just been re-elected in Mexico by an
absolutely unanimous vote. If any
more proof le asked for, It can be fur
nished In overwhelming volume. Take
away the "umtncler" and leave the
statesmen, the people, and their prop
erty, and the whole world would be on
bimetallic basis Inside of twelve
month.-"T. W. H-," In Philadelphia
Item.
A Warning to Wealth.
There is yet In the nation plenty of
;land, plenty of labor, plenty of natural
resources. There la yet in me lana
plenty of capital seeking Investment
There Is here every clement of agricul
tural and industrial success. With all
the elements present, however, and
with Ubor waiting. Buffering, hoping,
praying for relief, asking for the oppor
tunity to earn an honest livelihood;
with ambition crushed by ever-present
aw) almost fruitless toil; with tbe in
crement of their labor going to where
It Is not earned; with future debt and
further burdens nnd more fruitless toll
and even "starv at km staring them In tbe
face, these workers of the nation are
In no mood to be cursed nnd rented.
Tbey art In no mood to accept from the
Atkinsons or the Plerpont Morgans the
nam of "fooL" It la a time for caution.
Thar hi such a thing aa a struggle be
tween Interests which shall transcend
the limits of election machinery. Peo
ria Journal
Cows try and Cttr Pa sera.
Aa a rale, the conn try newspaper!
art owned by ths men wbo publish
them. Tbey rarsl hart any outslda
swnora or boss as. It Is vary evident
tsday that ths bottlag of tits big city
dafilas Is tatting a very small figure la
ths pros act eampalga. Their carte
rMtmllng tas farmer, tbstr ds
to the Constitution, which the great or
ganic law recognised as quite independent
of its own existence. No power was con
ferred on Congress to declare that either
metais should be money. Congress baa,
therefore, in my Judgment, no power to
demonetize silver any more than to de
monetize gold no power to demonetise
either any more than to demonetise both.
Few persons can be found, I apprehend,
who will maintain that Congress possesses
the power to demonetise both gold and
silver, or that Omgress could be justi
fied in prohibiting the coinage of both,
and yet In logic and legal construction it
would lie difficult to show where and why
the power of Congress over silver is
greater than over gold greater over eith
er thnn over the two. If. therefore, silver
has Is-en demonetized. I am In favor of
remonetUIng it. If Its coinage has been
prohibited, I am in favor of ordering It
to lie resumed. If It has been restricted, I
am in favor of having It enlarged."
nunclatlon of him as an "anarchist,"
"demagogue," "repudlator" ond "blath
erskite," have only had the effect of
more solidly arraying him against the
gold party ami winning him over la
silver. Ilouesdnle (Pa.) Independent
President Andrews on Free Colitaa-e
People would not hoard or export
gold in the face of a movement to
cheapen gold. It seems to me rather
likely that the rehabilitation of silver
by tis would be the owislon of setting
free vast amounts of gold now hoarded
for military and otlier purposes.
Further, there would bo no Influx
of foreign silver. Undoubtedly free
coinage by us would Increase the total
amount of silver produced, but the new
silver could not be mined at so low a
marginal cost aa at present prevails.
The marginal cost would lie, on the con
trary, increased with the output, so that
all tendency from this source to lower
the gold price of silver would lie nega
tived. The very prolific silver mines
now are very few.
After a possible first shock our credit
would Improve after free coinage. It
Is our present course which must
speedily lower our credit How long
could a man or a firm continue to nave
credit who borrowed each year to pay
a large portion of tils running expenses?
Yet on a gold basis this course ia Inevit
able, and that Is at this moment the
reason why foreign lenders are shy of
our securities. There must be a change
If we would avoid bankruptcy. With
free coinage every Industry would look
up, and even If we lost our gold our
prosperity would Invite In English cap
ital. Just as Japan's prosperity now
causes It to rush there. E. Benjamin
Andrews, president of Brown Univer
sity. As to Insnraaca Policies.
It is very true that the beneficiaries
of such policies should be fairly treat
ed, and not be defrauded with "cheap"
money. But It la not proposed to de
fraud them with "cheap" money. Tbe
bub of the whole queatlon la that nnder
present conditions, with money con
stantly appreciating, Insurance policies
are now being paid with money more
valuable than the money In circulation
at tbe time the policy was Issued, an t
more valuable than that In which ths
premiums have been paid.
If tbla concerned nobody but tbe pol-
Icy bolder and the Insurance company,
tbe silver men would give themselves
no trouble about It; bat. In fact, a ris
ing measure of value concerns every
body, just as enlarging measures of!
weight, length and bulk would. While
the payee of an Insurance policy la ben-:
anted by receiving money of augment-'
ed value, other classes are ruined by
being obliged to most tbslr obligations'
in such money. Ths latter are entitled,
to much more consideration than ths
former first, because their necessities
and sufferings are greater; secondly,
because they are much mors numerous;
and, thirdly, becaoss they are tbe vic
tims of ths first wrong. Tas National
BtnwtaUist.
Grant things are sat accompllabed by
Idls dreams, bat by mars of pstient and
wisely directed itady. j
jock