o
The Sioux . County Journal,
VOLUME VIII.
HAKKISON, NEBRASKA, THURSDAY, DEC. 5, 1895.
NUMBER 13.
A Meeancliuaette View.
According to estimate there are over
a mlllloD bicycle riders la the United
Bute to-day and the majority of them
are voters. All are Interested Id the
Improvement of our roada and thl
object la faat becoming a political Is
ue. Before the Introduction of the
bicycle, when It didn't matter ao much,
people who could afford to own horse
and carriage were willing to pay a
little higher price for their team, pro
Tided it had the lateat thing In sprlug
attached, and then. If the road waa
merely passable. It made no difference.
No apeclal thought waa taken of the
torse which drew them. He would get
long all right
Now, alnce fashion and fad and the
low price of machine have made bi
cycling ao popular, there rises a cry for
good roada. When a man la propelling
blmaelf along by hla own bone and
muscle be thinks the same roada over
which be used to drive hla hard work
ing horse are execrable and unltea
blmaelf with the highway reformer.
The new State highway law la doing
a great deal toward the Improvement
of the leading thoroughfares: between
cities and towns. The cross and con
necting streets are the ones which now
need attention. There is no reason
why a taxpayer living on one of these
streets Is not Just aa much entitled to a
respectable street In front of his house
ui the man who Uvea on Uie main ave
nue. He demands It and be should
have It.
Englishmen visiting this country are
surprised at the condition of our roads.
Some of them even go so far to say
that there is not a decent road in the
country. Compared with English roads
their assertion Is In a great measure
true. Every street there, country or
city, long or short, which comes under
the control of the authorities, is either
paved, asphalted or maeada misted.
Smoothness, hardness, neatness and
durability are Its characteristics. Driv
ing along through an English country
town an American Is surprised to see
gangs of men at work repairing what
In America would be looked upon as an
elegant piece of road. The least hol
low is quickly Oiled, the least hump
leveled, the first stone Is carted away.
This makes the country a cycler's para
dise. We need this same reform in Ameri
ca. Our people are fond of travel, on
foot, on bicycles, by horse and by rail.
We are on the eve of the abolition of
grade crossings; the next thing to fol
low Is the establishment of good roads.
This cannot fall to be accomplished In
our progressive nation. Taunton,
Mass., Gazette.
The Hapreme Wish of the East.
To keep up the house and not let the
family name be extinguished la the
supreme wish In Japan. Tills la the
Immortality of the East The house
live on; the Individuals are but frag
ments of the house.
If there be no natural heir, adoption
readily supplies the deficiency. The
magnificent scale on which adoption Is
practiced shows a foreigner at once that
the words "father," "won," can hardly
have the same depth of meaning they
have In the English language.
"Why did Washington let his bouse
die out?" waa once asked me by a Jap
anese gentleman, who couldn't con
ceive any reason fr such neglect
He thought our great general might
have adopted some one to keep his
bouse and name from perishing.
"How long has he lived there?" I
asked once concerning a certain per
son. As "he" was one of the pronouns that
had to be translated into the mental
contents of my pupil's brain, he took
It to mean "house," and replied:
"Oh, he lias been there two hundred
and Ofty years!"
"How long have you lived here?" 1
asked a merchant.
"Three buudrcd years," was the
prompt reply, with a look of satisfac
tion at the thought of his house having
passed through ten generations.
Hpool Making.
Here, for Instance, are huge stacks
of timber, and our ears are greeted
with the bum and birr so certainly as
sociated with a saw mill. This long
range of buildings Is entirely devoted
to the making of spools. The machines
employed are various. Here the wood
It being cut Into short lengths; there a
bolt la being punched through the small
round place; while yonder, a machlna
shape the rough wood Into a smooth
pool la on awlft stroke,
i It Is by maani of tha wood required
U snaka thee spools that w get soma
a capMBB) of tha Mormons output of
tMt factory. Each day then la aa
much thread finished here as would
wind round the world several titles,
and In order to produce spools for the
thread. It Is calculated that an extent
of forest planted with birch trees cover
ing five hundred and fifty acres has to
be cot down every year while, on an
average, twelve ships of large-carry lug
capacity ar employed each season In
carrying the wood across to England
from America and Canada.
A HUMAN BOMB.
Qmear Actios of a Wonld-Be Bnlctae
In the French Capital.
The Parisian police are now In charg
of an unexploded bomb which la a
source of much speculation and won
derment among the members of tba
force. It walked Into one of the police
stations the other day, and Is In the
form of a man. Thla bnman bomb
bear the name of Balthazar, Is a chem
ist by trade, and, being anxious to de
stroy himself on original and scientific
lines, and, remembering that chloride
of potash and brimstone on coming In
to collision explode, swallowed first the
one Ingredient and then the other, In
large quantities. He then waited for
the explosion that was to take place In
bis stomach, and to blow him Into very
little pieces. Indeed. This did not, bow
ever, take place aa ho had anticipated,
and with a view of compelling the two
recalcitrant drugs to recognize one an
other, be drank a quantity of water.
Still there was no explosion, and, re
garding himself In his unexploded state
as a menace to public safety and to the
life of his fellow citizens, he walked
over to the police station and asked the
authorities to take charge of him. They
are now waiting for him to "go off"
with as much patience as they cau mus
ter under such particularly trying cir
cumstances. Transformation of Motion.
Let us suppose a stretched cord ot
wire fixed at both ends, and let a sharp
blow be given to It The hand or other
Instrument which Imparted the blow
was set In motion in order to do so and
Its motion was one of translation; but
the cord which has received the blow,
and to which some of the motion has
consequently been transferred, cannot
change Its place, for It Is fixed. We
know well enough what will happen.
It win commence vibrating, more or
less strongly, and rapidly according to
the strength of the blow It has receiv
ed.- We have, therefore, here seen mo
tion of translation changed into m
tlon of vibration; but a similar and
quite as famlilnr transformation takes
place which Is Invisible.
Let us take a coin, or any small piece
of metal, and rub It well with a cloth
or handkerchief; In a short time it will
become warm, and If the friction be still
continued, even unpleasantly hot The
visible motion of the hand has been
transformed Into the Invisible intermo
lecular vibration Which we call heat
That heat Is a form of motion has now
become a scientific truism, but K was
not so at the commencement of the
present century, when It was still sup
posed by many to tie some intangible
kind of sulwtanee named "caloric,"
proofs to the contrary lielug almost
simultaneously given by Davy and
Hum ford at the end of the last century,
that of the former consisting In melting
two pieces of ice, carefully Insulated
from external heat, by rubbing them
together; that of the latter In causing
water to boll by the sole means of keep
ing it In continual motion.
"It is hardly necessary to add," says
Rumford, "that anything which any in
sulated body, or system of bodies, can
continue to furnish without limitation,
cannot possibly be a material substance;
and It appears to me exceedingly diffi
cult, If not quite impossible, to form
any distinct Idea of anything capabl
of being excited and communicated, In
the manner heat was excited and com
municated In these experiments, except
It be motion."
Persia's Small Navy.
Tersla does not occupy a very prom
inent position among the naval power
of the world. In fact. It will be new to
most people that h possesses a navy
at all. She has, however, a fleet, which
constats of one solitary ship, called the
Persepolls, and Is now lying at anchor
In the port of Bombay, proudly flying
the Hag of the Rhah. For many year
the rersepoll was a tramp steamer
famed for the extraordinary number
of mlshniis which It had encountered.
But since the Persian Government baa
acquired It and fitted It with guns aud
with a ram, which, being only Inse
curely fixed to Its bow, has a knack of
slipping Its moorings and diving down
ward, It has become a very powerful
and magnificent man-of-war that la to
say, In the eyes of patriotic Persians.
New York Tribune.
Will Bny Rabbit Wholesale.
Report some time ago bad It that the
effort to exterminate tha rabbit plague
In Australia through an epidemic Intro
duced by inoculation with a deadly ser
um promised success. But H may be
just aa wall If It' a partial failure. A
London firm propose to take annually
not lew than ISO tons of dried rabbit
at a reasonable price. By and by dried
rabbit may ba aa common aa dried flat.
It lan't tha working for a llrtef
that prorok aa; H la tha kind of liv
ing wa fat for oar work.
FACTS FOR FARMERS.
HELPFUL SUGGESTIONS FOR
THE AGRICULTURISTS.
Plan for n Frame Farmhouse Which
la a Model ia Polotaof Convenience
Tha strawberry Onave The Houaa
Cellar.
Modern Farmhonae Plan.
The cost of this frame farmhouse will
range anywhere from $1,500 to 13,000,
according to location, the kind of Inte
rior decoration or finish, and the
amount of work the farmer can per
sonally perform in It construction. In
this case all the lime, stone for cellar
wall, and some of the lumber, were
procured on the farm. The excavating
for cellar, building of wall and chlm-
EXTERIOR Or MODEBX VABIf HOUSE.
neys, all the plumbing, laying of sewer
and water pipes, roofing, painting and
laying of stone walks, were all done by
myself and sons, hiring skilled labor
to frame and Inclose the building and
to plaster the Interior. The house
stands on a knoll about 800 yards from
the river; the natural drainage is per
fect, the ground sloping away from
the front and both sides, the rear be
ing nearly level. It Is not necessary tc
rely on natural drainage, as there is a
Bystem of underground sewerage which
takes all the waste from the roof, laun
dry, kitchen, bath tub, water closet and
washstauds to a safe distance from the
house, where It Is carried away by a
small water course. The kitchen,
laundry, bath room and lavatory in the
lobby at foot of back stairs are all sup
plied with hot and cold water.
The kitchen range Is set in a recess
of the chimney, the smoke pipe going
into one due, while a second acts as a
ventilator for the vegetable cellar. " A
third central flue Is directly over the
range, and serves as ventilator to the
kitchen, carrying all the cooking odors,
Pots
1
Dinim TJoom
ifnf
I 3 j i
LI9RAKV
ft IS'
FIRST FI.OOB PLAN.
steam, and In summer the heat from
the house away above the roof. In
cold weather this flue can be closed by
a sheet iron trap door, controlled by
means of a small brass chain and pul
ley. The sink is supplied with an abun
dance of hot and cold water, perfect
drainage and traps. The door leading
from the kitchen to the pantry is hung
on a double hinge, which allows It to
swing either way. The pantry Is fitted
with shelves which are closed In with
light panel doors, thus keeping canned
fruits, etc., in a cool, dark place. Be
low are bins and drawers for flour and
groceries." The parlor Is connected
with the hall by large, folding doors,
which can be thrown open, thus form
ing a large or double parlor. The win
dows throughout are fitted with weights
and pulleys. The parlor and library
have slate, mantels, the dining room
hardwood mantel. The bath room Is
pToTTTESr"-'
CM
If if
"Roof
' CHAMBER
ii'IS'
Hail
CHAM W
I SI It' CJ
CHanacn
r'r it'
Roor
SECOND FI.OOB PLA.
furnished with bath tub, inside water
eloaat and stationary waabstand, prop
erly trapped and drained. Tha entir
honae la baa ted by a hot water beater,
mm
TCHlN
10' II'
located In the cellar, with radiator in
all rooms, but open grates are used is
the library and dining room, on ac
count of the cheerfulness. The reser
voir which supplies the house, barn
and garden with water Is situated on a
bill about 1,000 feet to the rear, giving
a fail of 60 feet, and Is fed by two
springs, water being carried to the
house In two-inch iron pipes. Orang
Judd Farmer.
The Bouse Cellar.
Whether you conclude to build a large
or small cellar, the advice of a contrib
utor to the Country Gentleman la to
dig it shallow, and then make the depth
by filling up to the walls. If I were
building a bouse, now, on level land,
where It would take a long drain to
take the water from the cellar, I would
only dig two or three feet deep, and
would then plow and scrape and fill up
to the wall until I had a uniform grade
from a point not more than 100 feet dis
tant, which I would make low enough
for an outlet to a drain, up to the house.
I doubt If this would cost any more
probably not as much on many soils
than to dig a deep cellar, and It would
give the house and yard a much better
appearance. It would be best not to
fill to the top of the wall, but have two
or three steps to get down from the
level of the house to the ground, except
at the rear, where the coal, wood and
water are to be carried in, and here the
fill could be made higher, so as to have
but one step. I am quite sure that by
thus digging shallow and grading a
cellar could be secured against water
entering possibly without a drain at
all, and If a drain was required, a short
and inexpensive one would answer.
The Strawberry Guars.
This fruit is one of the best of the
guavas and Is readily cultivated In
Florida, Arizona, New Merlco and
California. The
tree or shrub at
tains a maximum
growth of 15 to
20 feet, Is of com
pact form, with
dense, glossy, ev
ergreen foliage,
which makes It a
very ornamental
tree, especially
when loaded with
euAvx fruit. Jlg rich-colored
fruit Produces early, bearing when a
year old and an abundance at 2 to 3
years. It Is considered hardy In Eng
land, but requires protection In the
northern United States, where It is
gaining In favor as an ornamental
greenhouse plant. The fruit Is of a
dark red or purplish ruby red color In
the common variety, one to two inches
in diameter, of firm texture, will stand
transportation well aud Always meets
with a ready saie as a fresh fruit or
for jelly making.
Protect! ob Roaebnahea.
While the hardy perpetual roses us
ually endure our winters pretty well,
they do not always do so, especially
when the wood 1s not ripened. It Is a
good plan, says the Philadelphia Press,
to prune the new wood rather severe
ly at this time of the year, and to
shelter the bushes by sticking evergreen
boughs into the ground around them,
so as to shelter them from the wind and
sun; this Is better than trying to cover
with earth, which Is not easily done
when the bushes are stiff. The same
sort of covering is also well adapted
to rhodondendrons and other half
hardy shrubs that are sometimes In
jured by our winters.
Hlnta on Stock FerdinK.
Buckwheat should not be fed alone
to hogs, but nxed with other foods.
Bean vines are rich in nitrogenous
substances, says the Massachusetts
Ploughman. They are especially val
uable for a4ieep. There Is no better
way to economize food than to make
the quarters of the farm animals com
fortable. Don't get discouraged, and
quit raising stock or grain because they
sometimes get low. Profits come to
those who stick. It requires just as
much care and more feed to make the
same weight with comb stock that It
does with pure-lireds. and the price Is
never n high for the first as for the
last.
The Hnfl" Leghorn.
The buff Icghorn Is a comparatively
new breed, so uew, indeed, that a really
good specimen is a rara avis. But you
Just wait a few years until the breed
becomes accustomed to Its character
istics, and It will be one of the most
profitable, and, consequently, popular
fowls named in the standard. Buff
Leghorn breeders, like others of the
fraternity, claim untold excellence for
the new buffs. We rather like them.
Lettuce Under Oluaa.
As briefly stated by Prof. L. H. Bai
ley, the requisites for growing celery
under glass are a low temperature,
solid beds, or at least, no bottom heat
a soil free of silt and clay, but liberally
supplied with sand, and careful atten
tion to watering. Hot and leaf burn
are prevented by a proper soli and
temperature and care In watering and
ventilation.
Feed More Oat.
Prof. Plumb, of tba Indiana experi
ment station, baa Issued a bulletin In
which be advise farmer to feed nvtre
oats, rather than sell tbem at a Uw
price and buy bran at 70 cent per 100
pound.
EDUCATIONALCOLUMN
NOTES ABOUT SCHOOLS AND
THEIR MANAGEMENT.
A System of Physical Education Nec
essaryThe fcboolma'am la Acquir
ing Ground Erery where Waaea of
Teachers in Scotland.
What Ia DelearteT
Before answering this question, let
us consider for a moment who was
Delsarte. He was a Frenchman, born
la Paris in 1811, in extreme poverty.
Bambini, discovering hla genius as a
musician, took him and gave blm les
son. He soon became the first singer
of Paris. His early association with
children was one of the causes which
led him In later life to study Jhera and
humanity In general, to understand the
philosophy of expression. His greatest
discovery was that the soul, in its cov
ering of flesh, called the body, moves
to universal law; that It Is restricted
by three conditions, viz., space, time,
and motion; i. e.r to have expression we
must have motion; that we must have
space In which to produce that motion,
and time in which to produce it; that
the motive power is the psychic, or
oul, within us. He noticed that the
Infant was the embodiment of grace;
but, as it grew older, It became more
or less awkward, caused partly by con
sciousness of self. As the body Is only
the servant of the soul within the soul
being spiritual and the body tangible
the channels of communication, the
muscles, must be free that the soul
may have perfect freedom In express
ing Itself through its medium, the body.
These muscles must be strong and
healthy to be fortified against disease.
For these purposes, Delsarte arranged
relaxing and freeing exercises.
Delsarte, then, is a system of physi
cal education by which the body may
reach its highest development
Many people suffer ill health because
they allow themselves to stand Incor
rectly and breathe incorrectly. How
can you be healthy with some organs
cramped, others stretched, with but half
the lungs filled? With the body In
correct equilibrium, the internal organs
have their natural position; but with
the chest lowered and hips forward,
these organs have to adapt themselves
accordingly. Your bad habits do not
Improve nature. Man may assist na
ture in many ways, but her wisdom sur
passes his. When standing Incorrectly
and breathing with the chest muscles
and shoulders, only the upper part of
the lungs can be supplied with oxygen,
while the lower part has no room for
Inflation, and consequently becomes
diseased. The exterior can but affect
the interior.
Delsarte takes you back to nature.
Your wanderings from nature's heart
have led you into the wilderness of dis
ease, where you may be lost, and may
never see Canaan, even from Plsgah's
top.
Health and development should go
hand in hand. Delsarte accomplishes
this If taught correctly. Physical cul
ture should be taken for health's sake
and not for show or abnormal develop
ment. There Is something more the Ameri
can people especially need, and that is
control. You may be able to take
heavy gymnastic work and not have
control. Control may lie best and most
easily gained by the simplest exercises.
What Is the secret of all control? Con
trol of breath, which leads to control
of nerves, which Is control of body.
Every physical effort Is first a mental
one; therefore, all correct physical de
velopment must first be through the
mental. Exercises for control lead to
grace. Some people object to many
Delsarte exercises leading to grace, be
cause they see no need of them too
ethereal; not practical enough. Awk
wardness Is not practical, because It Is
a needless expenditure of energy. The
practical deals with economy; there
fore, grace, being economical, is prac
tical. The great trouble lies in not
knowing what Delwarte really Is.
Not the least of all the benefits to be
j gained is learning power through re
pose. We wish to rest, but frequently
wake as tired as when we lay down.
We wish to do the most things with
the least amount of strength. As It is,
we are rushing headlong to our graves,
heedless of our duty to nature and to
ourselves. Does it surprise you when I
say yon use energy In sleeping and In
sitting? You wonder why you are
wakeful. If tired and abused nature
conquers enough for you to lose con
sciousness for awhile, you awaken as
weary as when you lay down. Why?
Notice to see If your muscles are not
tense, you are not giving them a chance
to rest Tenseness is a waste of energy.
Keserve your energies! There are wom
en who think it an unpardonable sin
to sit when In the kitchen. Women
of the nineteenth century, stop for a
moment, and see what a slave you are
incoming to yourself. It Is not selfish
ness to consider your own health.
Let u take pleasure in living; make
life longer, mora happy for other,
more pleasant for self. Weatern School
Journal.
Hints on Teaching; Geography.
Among the so-called common braach
ea no other on aaama to ba receiving
ao much attention from person Inter
ested In education as geography.
is a widespread feeling that this ant
ject is not generally taught 1b sank
way as to be either interesting or frura
f uL Now, we are thoroughly con
vinced that no subject of school stud
Is better calculated to awaken deep i
terest In the pupils and to bear frulfj
than this, if It be lightly taught One
reason is that it deal with thing aa
intimately connected with dally life?
even from the earliest year. Anotbae
is that It furnishes the mind with vivid
pictures more readily than any other of
the common studies. : 'Q
He who teaches geography well moat
never lose sight of the two thougbta
just suggested. In any stage of tha
study, whatever is brought before tba
pupil for his consideration and acquisi
tion, must be set in it relation to mail,
to his pleasure, bis comfort, hi prog
ress, and the supplying of hi waabr
As Prof. Guyot pointed out year ago,'
geography Includes a knowledge of tha
earth and man that la, In their relation
to each other. Now, it is the easiest
thing In the world to get a child, in hla
early years, to see and to feel some of
the most Important of these relation.
He walks upon the earth from the first,1
be notes the features of land and
water, he feels the effect of the weather
and of the seasons, he sees th- develop
mnt of plant life and animal life. He'
is also born Into the political, economic,
and social relations of which geography
takes account Hence, from start to
finish, if the right course be taken with
him, the pupil is vividly conscious of
a personal relation to the matter of hla
study. Such a consciousness la sure to
beget an abiding Interest, such as Her
bart so persistently pleads for. --Educational
News.
Mighty Is the Schoolma'nm,
Bishop Spalding's diversion against
the employment of women teachers in
the schools attracted so much attention
that some recent statistics on the sub
ject may not be uninteresting. ST
A few weeks ago Harper's Weekly
published a map showing the propor
tion of men teachers in the public
schools of all the States. In the follow
ing table we have compared the Week
ly's figures with the statistics on il
literacy: . J
9 "Si
w a O n
fcTATES. ? S"
01
Alabama ..62.9 41.0: Nebraska . ..27.1 3.1
Arizona . . .3.8 2H.4 Nevada 16.3 12.8
ArkHiiHas . .08.5 20.6 N. H'pshire. 9.7 6.8
California ..21.4 4.5iNew Mexico. 03.3 44.5
Colorado ...20.2 4.8'New Jersey. 18.4 6.5
Con'ctl'ut ..13.4 S.llNew York.. 18.8 5.5
liela ware ..31.0 7.4! N. Carolina.. 56.8 85.7
Florida ....4H.1 11.3,' N. Dakota. .28.3 6.0
(Jeorifla . ...53.3 39.8;Ohlo 42.1 5.2
Idaho 33.4 5.l!Oregon 40.1 4.1
llllnol 28.7 5.2 P'nsylv'nla .32.8 6.8
Indiana ....51.1 0.3 lih.xle Isl'd.. 12.0 9.8
Iowa lit.5 3.6; S. Carolina. 47.2 45.0
Kansas 51.0 4.0'S. Dakota. . .29.0 4.2
Kentucky ..48.9
Louisiana ..41.4
Maine 10.0
Maryland . .20.6
Massch'stts 9.5
Michigan . .21.6
Minnesota .22.6
Mississippi .46.0
Missouri ...42.8
Montana ..19.1
21 .01 Tennessee . .61.5 28.6
45.81 Texas 58.1 19.7
5.5! Utah 47.4 5.6
15.7! Vermont ...12.2 6.7
6.2 Virtflula 39.2 30.2
5.U Washl'Kt'n .40.5 4.3
.0W. Virginia. 61.8 13.0
40.0 Wisconsin . .18.8 6.7
9.1; Wyoming ..21.5 8.4
5.5 J
The nine States in which the per
centage of men teachers Is over 50 have
an average percentage of Illiteracy of
20.4. The twelve States In which the
percentage of men teachers Is under.
20 show an Illiteracy of less than 7 per
cent. ;"t,t-
Of course this is not an Infallible ar.
gument In favor of women as teacher.
But It proves, generally, that in tha
States of the Union where popular ed
ucation has the firmest hold and where
it Is most widely diffused women are
held In the greatest esteem as educat
ors. Still more remarkable are the
Weekly's figures of the decrease of the
number of men teachers between 1880
and 1890. The schoolma'am Is acquir
ing ground everywhere. The doctor
may lament and the bishops denounce,
but she Is here to stay. Chicago Time
Herald. -tl
Borne Points Worth Noticing.
Are the pupils getting the power of
dong things?
Have the pupils acquired the power,
to think? .
Does the teacher put the class in a
questioning mood? ,.Jj
How do you feel on entering a suc
cessful teacher's school room? 2J0&
Do you detect the teacher's manner?
fuce, and voice in the pupils? Is tha1
teacher worthy of Imitation? -sajj
Does the teacher correlate the child
and the word? .4eJ
Does the teacher unite and co-ordln-,
ate allied subjects? "-jjj
(Jood appreciation makes a good,
school and maintains good dlscipllne.fi
Concentration and Induction are link
and connections In the great chain of
appreciation by which the mind is led
to see. ,ta
Interest Induction, and apperception
develop v 111 power.
Is your thought content too high for
the pupil? If so, you will fall to reach
the whole class. -"r
Is the theme too high for the chil
dren? If so, you will fall again. 9ajj
Is the language too difficult for tha
children? If so, another failure. Ssi
When you are capable of holding at
tention, you are capable of harlnf good
discipline.
Are you too slow In confirming the
child' opinion when It la correct? X$
A gabbler tongue rum twaaty knot;
en hnnp while hla twain nna M eJ
Southern BducaUonal Journal. ;"
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