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About The Sioux County journal. (Harrison, Nebraska) 1888-1899 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 26, 1895)
TTIi really pitiful to a thoroughly I seasoned vaaua of the world to see how very much In earnest the society do vice takes all the pleasant or unpleasant things that are said to her. Such a novice la not the girl who baa been brought up with the knowl edge that an noon aa achool day are over ahe la to take her place at her Bother' aide and be formally present d to the gay world. No, Indeed, that young woman i well versed In society's ways before the haa an opportunity to Judge them from personal experience, and when her time doea come she is quit abla to cope with all the varied types of men and women who range themselves before her. The novice of which we speak Is gen rally a young married woman, who haa been having a cramped, unevent fnl life, until someone discovers that ahe la pretty and that they would like to do something to make her days pass pleasantly. Little by little she i Into the swim, but it is a long time fitefore ahe learns that society ways an largely artificial and that she must -not take everything au serieuse. ' Many a woman discontented with the narrowness of her own lot has glad ly welcomed any change that would make it less monotonous, but many a heart ache haa been the accompaniment of thla new existence. Men in society aay all aorta of little flattering things that they do not mean at all; women are equally insincere, but only through the influence of their training, that has taught them to be diplomatic and gra ciously well-bred always. Having seen one woman and known of dozens of "Others who accepted all these speeches aaoepel truth, it behooves a kind Jbeaxted sister to raise a warning fin ger, as domestic trouble will surely fol low if the Innocent novice has an idea iui sue uag nimerio oeen unappre ciated, and has at last found sympathy and a recognition of her true merit Much unhapplness has been caused thrnilfrh fnltttalron vtnfl'lona In moan. lqgless compliments and the woman Is wery foolish who attaches any real val ue to the frothy conversation of the av erage man of the world. Philadelphia Times. 1 ' j' Women la Politic Wherever opportunities have been given them women have demonstrated their abilities for the Intelligent dis charge of the duties of public office. During the past fifteen years in Kansas women have repeatedly held the office of superintendent of public Instruction in various coun ties of the State, and now one of tbem, Miss Grace King, recently carried off the was. ir. c. stewabt. nomination ior register of deeds In Dickinson County. At present there are nineteen women In the State who hold the ositfou of county superintendent of public in struction. In Colorado the Legislature contains three women members In the lower branch, while the State superintendent of public Instruction is a woman, Mrs. A. J. Peavey. The commissioner of dairy inspection, an officer whom the Governor appoints, Is also a woman, Mrs. Anna Clemmer, while the secre tary of the Board of Horticulture is a woman, Mrs. Martha A. Shute. In North Dakota Kdna F. Bates fills the office of Stale superintendent of public Instruction and in Wyoming, where women have the full right of suf frage. Miss Kstelle Keel la State superintendent-of education. Miss Keel la a young lady of the pure American type and one of fhe new women -ah but the -bloomers, which she abhors, though she rides a wheel. "Singularly" Miss Reed haa appointed young men to all the po sitions under her. Another woman who has met with success in politics la Mrs. Helen C. Stewart, of Greene County, Mo. Her husband was sheriff of that county and ha acted as depoty sheriff. When ha 414 she assumed charge of the work ad bow she has been officially appoint ed sheriff. She Is the first woman to ecp7 that office In America. at the Taking ot the aa abeart rcidKjomtia i -- JL re it DtaMr-TsfcU. beat of all aad woaaaa who aider , tbe Ladles' Boose C rwrie m wsUap Zi Zmt fKt ttamv. aad Oe IstuwSTJ msaBea to 3 bac J nere, Sir Walter Scott said, "The bish ops and the lawyers talked better than the wits," that la, the wits talked for the sake of talking, and the church and the law had something to talk about Yet specialties and hobbies are not admissible at a dinner-table, and a wom an who can only talk on her own fad haa no business In society. She ought to write a pamphlet or go to the lec ture platform, for any conversation at the dinner-table that is a strain on the attention or the patience soon becomes a bore; Indeed, one of the chief elements of pleasant company is a readiness to talk, or to be talked to, on any rational subject Mre. Cleveland' Clothe. One thing which makes Mrs. Cleve land' greatly liked is her simplicity. But In nothing does she show her un pretending nature more than In her dress. Her attire in these days Is very simple, writes a correspondent from Buzzard's Bay, and consists of a tailor made gown of very light brown, of an unfigured cheviot firmly and closely woven. It is cut rather short and loose ly fitting, except across the shoulders, and the sleeves are not noticeably large. At the throat is a plain knot that Is fre quently utilized by Mrs. Cleveland In her personal adornment and which is very becoming to her. The deep line of black brings out the delicate white of the throat and gives MRS. CLEVELA5Q. a finish which few women who wear simple black at the neck succeed in obtaining. Mrs. Cleveland Is said to be well by those who know her actual health. Mrs. Cleveland shows her real self In her selection of a hat Gown and gown decoration may be the decree of her dressmaker and her maid, but her hats are of her own selection, and she al ways Indulges a taste for individual 'effects" In these. Her first choice for summer wear at Buzzard's Bay for nine years, or since she began coming to these shores, has always been a sailor hat of white, usually Canton, or a fine white or yellow straw braid with a white ribbon band. This year she has well-nigh discarded the favorite sailor. This week, on her evening drives over to the village, she has been wearing a new hat It is of black, coarse straw, the crown of medium height wide and rather flat, the rim somewhat wide and silt and bent In places uptilted and again gently drooping. The under side of the rim Is trimmed with Nile green silk and a bit of a feather and silk trim ming on the crowu's side in the same shade. It Is exceedingly becoming. Bedroom Sets. The ambitious chatelaine has taken to embroidering ledroom nets. Thcso may consist if her courage holds out, of a formidable array of pieces, includ ing. If the whole set Is desired, bed spread and canopy, a table cover, cur tains for every window and usually two portieres. The art linens are the popular materials. A woman who has taken away materials for such a set to be evolved from the leisure of the summer piazza Is putting on a cream white, soft-finished sateen a lovely de sign of large grape leaves. The leaves are done in shaded greens In flax, which haa the double merit of working effec tively and of wearing Indefinitely. A few straying tendrils connect the leaves. The design was copied from a pair of old Ei0iisli curtains worked over a hundred years ago. Another pretty design Is loosely strewn bunches of clover. The all-over designs of thesj bedroom sets are not to be commended, as at a little distance they too much re semble the printed cloth, an effect much to be regretted by the Industrious needle woman who has spent days of labor In their execution. Mias Hear at Chautaaqna. Mwer Lfttoa amanr giuyoaii a tarl ta aboert ttt anfbn REALKUKAL READING WILL BE FOUND IN THIS PARTMENT. DE- Wonderfal Effect of Foreign Pollen on Plaate Home-Made Device fur Keeping Milk Cool-Advantages of a Low-Hung Farm Wagon. F. fleet a of Arti6cial Pollination. The most Important plants showing the effects of foreign pollen are the pea, kidney bean, American corn and possibly the orange. W. N. Munsun, of the Maine experiment station states that sweet corn shows the effects of foreign pollen more fre quently than other varieties, but plants In the cucumber, potato and rose families frequently show the ef fects of foreign pollen to a wonderful extent The most Important examples of agamic development of fruits result in the egg plant and the English forc ing cucumber. The latter Is usually deformed by the production of seeds TOMATOES WITH MITH AND LITTI.K POLLER, aud the consequent enlargement of the apex, though the amount of pollen does not usually determine the extent of the deformity. The amount of fruit pro duced by certain varieties of strawber ries appears to vary in some Instances with the amount of pollen supplied by the variety used as fertilizer. The form and size of tomatoes are directly de IH'iident on the amount of pollen fur nished, as shown In the Illustration. But not alone In garden vegetables are the effects of artificial or of cross fertilization apparent Prof. Walte, of the L". R. Department of Agriculture, a few years ago clearly demonstrated that certain varieties of pears and ap ples were unprofitable to plant unless grafted with some fertile variety or planted among trees whose pollen was fertile. The same rule applies to many of our best strawberries, notably the Crescent, and flowers partake of the same peculiarity In nature to a remark able degree. Farm and Home. - An Effective Well Creamery. Over a well of etnA water I erected a suitable covering to protect It from the hot sun, and the dairy operator and his appliances from inclement weather as well. A three-block fall and tackle Is fastened In the roof over the center of the well. Two pieces of wood 2x(i Inches, are nailed one end to the well curb and the other end to the roof frame; these are set parallel feet apart and have holes of, suitable size Into which are inserted the ends of an iron pipe 2'4 Inches In diameter and three feet in length. To one end of the pipe is attached an old cutting lox bal ance wheel with handle. The rope from the pulley block Is secured to the Iron pipe. and. turning the wheel, very easily lowers or raises the cage, which Is fastened to one of the pulleys. The cage or elevator is constructed of wood 'galvanized iron would be let ter), as follows: To a 4x1 timber, four feet long, are attached two circular platforms three feet in diameter; these platforms are twenty-two Inches apart. On the lower one the cans containing milk and cream are placed, ou the up per one crocks of butter or other ar ticles that one desires to keep cool. The cans are made of heaviest tin Wl4 Inches In diameter and 20 In height To them are secured handles five Inches from the top; on these handles set the can covers, which are nine Inches In dlam- DEVICE FOB COOI.IXO MILK. eter at the closed end, flaring to ten Inches at the other end. These covers are six inches deep, and when In prop er place ou the cans there Is consider able air space over and around the top of the cans, allowing the gas and odors to escape, but preventing the water from entering when all are submerged in the welL Milk' Is set for twenty four hours. Each morning and even ing the cage Is raised, new milk Is put on, and that wblcb has been on for twenty-four hours is skimmed. This skimmed milk Is always sweet J. 8. Fowler, In American Agriculturist Ornbe at Btre wbarry Boot. Alexander MacLellan, In the Florists' Exchange, says: "1 have found nitrate of soda a sure rare, or, rather, a pre ventive of destruction to strawberry plants by the larvae ef the May beetle. My piaa la to aire a light application, owing just before rata. Of coarse, It Maid be applied la aotatloa. I hare alee aoda ea asters where the grabs wrk witk like gaed effect. Of course, tbls could be used ou any garden crop, but dou't give to much at time; rather reeai the doe In the course of three or four weeks. As the soda induces a rank vegetable growth. It will be well to use It sparing ly where flowers are wanted, such sweet peas." Economy la Weed Deetractton. There are some fanners bo still think that there Is nothing lost in si ' lowing weeds to gr w on land that has no crop, provided the weeds are cut down before going to seed. It is true that the weed contains all the mineral and nitrogenous plant food that it has taken from the soil. When it decays, as it lies, most of this is returned to the soli. But there Is always some waste, and If It were otherwise the plant food In the weed Is not available fertility as that which It took from the soli dur ing Its growth. The time when a weed can be destroyed with greatest bene fit to the soil Is immediately after It has germinated. This Is also the easl est time to kill It The worst weeds, like the perennial Canada thistle, foi example, are, when first germinated, as easily killed as are any of the an nual weeds. The slightest brush with a hoe will destroy tbem. Leave them a few weeks, and these perennial weedi begin to form their underground sys tem of roots, and it takes a long time to accomplish what could so easily have been done at first Bllpahod Poultry. Fanners, as a rule, pay but little at tention to poultry. Most of them, how ever, have a few running about the barnyard, but give them little or no care, says the New England Farmer. Possibly, a pailful of grain hi thrown out to them once or, at most twice a week. If you ask the general run of farmers whether they give any of their time to poultry, the answer usually Is, "WeH, no; the woman folks gather what eggs there are, and raise a few young ones, but they don't pay." No, of course they don't pay when not looked after. Would their cattle, their horses or their swine pay if they were attended to in such a slipshod and ridiculous fashion? Poultry will not pay unless properly cared for and at tended to. Lime in the Food. While we believe fowls should have lime given them to eat at will It Is gen erally better to give them food that Is Itself rich In this mineral. Chopped clover is an excellent feed to make hens lay, as It contains both lime and nitro genous matter. Peas are also rich In lime and excellent for laying hens. Whole or cracked wheat is also a lime food, and can lie given freely, though It should follow a feed of chopped clover, so that the food may not be too con centrated and fatten the fowls Instead of making them lay. Ex. Low-Hong Wagon. iow-huiig farm wagons are a great convenience and save lots of lifting. A simple, home-made device of this kind Is Illustrated. The rail about the A 1.0W-ia.V WAflOX. shies can le removed or nut into place In a moment, or light chains can be used in place of It. Several styles of low down milk wagons, hay carts, etc., are also manufactured and have a wide sale and growing popularity. Kcmcdr for I'ear-Illlght. This disease Is most apt to nff'-ct the Hurtiett. Seekel and winter varieties trees that are strong, vigorous growers. The disease Is uot very well under stood, but It Is supposed to be produced by an excess of sap. It always breaks out during a hot. sultry and very dump season, like we are having at the pres ent time. Sometimes only a single branch will be affected, ihen again sev eral In different parts of the tree, and at rare Instances the entire tree will be scorched, as If by lightning. Tin leaves will turn, at first a dark-brown, then black, and. If the branch Is cut Into, the wood will be found discolored. Hurbed Wire with Hedgea. The chief difficulty In making barbel wire a safe and effective fence Is that the wires strung on jiosls are not easily seen. Animals running loose In pas ture do not avoid the barbs until they have been severely Injured. But when the same wires are strung through a hedge It Is different The animal puiii es until It feels the sharp barbs and then desists. Two or three barbed wires put through a hedge and con nected with It at Intervals of a few feet will make an effective protection against most animals. Btormy Pave on the Farm. If storms prevail, muster every hand to a bee for cleaning the bums, car riage bouse and sheds, and preparing the stables for winter occupancy. Sweep down all the dust and cobwebs, take out the window sashes, wash ev ery part clean, and after it lias dried put In r.ew glass and putty wherever It Is needed. Then palut each sash care fully, and you will be surprised to see how much more light a single pane will admit Feed for Growing Hogs. Millers, during tbe grain season, waut all the room In their bins for grain and will sell bran and middlings much cheaper than later. There Is nothing better than fine wheat middlings with skim- Bilk to make pigs grow. Tbe amount of feed can be greatly Increas ed by cooking tbe wheat middlings with small potatoes, refuse apples aad the wast vegetables front tbe garden, an ef which whea eeoked are eager! eat- ea ay pig EDUCATIONS LCOLUMN NOTES ABOUT SCHOOLS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT. Cramming aa an Educational Method Old cat Li Ting Graduate of Vale College The Mtndr of Children Flrat bar Hints to Teacher a. "Cramming." For want of a better name for an educational method In common use, I call It "Cramming." This Is usual ly applied to packing the mind with facts In order to pass an examina tion. I would apply it more widely so as to include all reception of forma) statements of facta or prin ciples without a clear perception of their meaning and an understanding of their relations. This method assumes that the chief end of education Is knowledge, and so stores tbe mind with statements and counts the one a scholar who can repro duce them on demand. Judged by this standard, the valedictorians of a dec ade ago, who have since been busy with other things, are failures; for few of them could on demand pass ex amination In algebra, chemistry, or calculus. But the chief end of educa tion Is not knowledge, but training and power and character. Memory Is only one faculty of the mind and needs no more training than every other fac ulty. Perceiving, Investigating, dis covering, classifying, combining, reach ing conclusions these should all enter Into education, higher and lower, and if they do not In proper proportion, then tbe method must savor of cram ming. Tbe man who Is taught to think and keeps at It grows stronger and stronger for any Intellectual work with passing time, though he leaves out of his thought the subjects of the school curriculum. We find the mem ory very receptive and retentive be fore the other faculties have received much training; bnt It was evidently Intended that the power to think should relieve the memory of much of Its burden. The evidences of thecrammlngmethod are sometimes very Interesting. I once found a class nearly prepared for col lege who supposed that there was some Inflexible necessity for the deci mal system of notation. It had never occurred to them that a system of eights aud twelves would be In some respects better. A young man natural ly bright, who had completed arith metic and algebra, cotid give no rea son for the process of multiplying one fraction by another, and was confound ed when asked why In dividing one fraction by another the terms of the divisor are Inverted, though he could repeat all rules and perform all exam plea correctly. Of a large class In phy sics, not one could tell what we mean by fire, and all seemed greatly helped, not by looking for a definition In tin dictionary, but by Investigating and discussing the subject until they agreed that fire is uot a substance, but the phe nomena which we call heat and light attending UHn combustion. A dasa in chemistry did not know why a light ed lamp ceased smoking or where the smoke went when the chimney was put on, or that a rusty nail and a rot ten apple result from the same cause. A class In economics did not suppose that It could even cost the Government anything to make and Issue paper money except the cost for papfrr and printing; but this was not so strange; for I heard Wendell Phillips say the same thing to an audience of students more than twenty years ago. I have seen students so taught that they did not think It possible to discover any thing In Cicero or Virgil which could not be explained according to the statements of Andrews am! Stoddard's Latin grammar. They felt, although they never heard It expressed in this absurd form, that the grammar aute dated the text The crude and half false statements we sometimes hear from platform and pulpit would indicate that many stu dents of ethics, jMdltieal economy and sociology do little more than accept the statement of principles which they can neither Interpret nor upply. Only a few days ago 1 heard a prominent speaker describing trusts as If they were almighty, aud declaring that they ought to le killed. It was a relief to some of his hearers to feel that monop olies have natural and necessary limi tations, and that In tiiis country liiey tend to correct themselves. The at tempt to make systems has many times forced men beyond their depth In the ology, and It Is not strange that there Is some tlotuidcrlug iu attempting to apply the principles of sociology, widen is still a new subject for American students. Along all lines the real trouble Is that many college graduates, so-called educated men, always take their knowl edge of any subject by the handle as they would a Jug, and the handle Is, as nearly a they can remember, the exact form cf words in which the knowledge came to them. No man has made such attainment In his knowl edge of anything, until be can state It In language different from that In which It came to him. The effect li to put men who are so educated out of joint wltb practical life. An article In one of the popular magazines says that Henry Clews will not employ a college-bred man, and that not one of tbe lieutenants of James Cordon Bennett In his great newspaper enterprise has had college training. The aversion of bard-headed, practical business men to college trained men la dne to tbe fact that educated men are often crammed with facta and scientific statements, the meaning of which they aerer understand, and so their judg ment la weak through lack of exercise, aad they are Inefficient In real life. But there are some very en con rag lag tendencies In educational methods. The adoption of tbe laboratory atetbed Is a real limplratlon to a tru student a real teat of a teacher's sb.lliy slid a rl victory for true education. Tbe coosultatlou of every available source of authority will tend to abolish cram ming as an educational method. Prac tical education In which the practice of an art is learned in connection with the knowledge of a science, as In chem istry and eleciiictl ea'ieerlng. h done much to correct the evil of cram ming, because the student Is subjected to tests of his practical knowledge at every step. The purpose of teacher aud student with reference to any subject should be investigation, clear percep tion of facts and relations, the forma tion of Judgments. There is uothlng unduly familiar or Irreverent In find ing out what anything means, no mat ter who wrote It A single teacher who is an Investigator will sometimes fix tbe standard, aud his spirit aud meth od will spread to every department of the Institution with which he Is con nected. A student always likes to un derstand what be studies and to see vistas leading to wider truths beyond. There are some evident tests of meth ods of education. First do our students gain power to read Intelligently and rapidly, discov ering and making their own tbe salient points of a book? A man who cannot think well cannot do this. Abraham Lincoln had this power to a remark able degree, but be knew how to think. The most of his education was In this direction, although be never saw tbe Inside of a college. James A. Garfield bad tbe same power, doubtless aa tbe result of college training. This power alone Is a large Intellectual capital In any profession. Secondly, do our students become clear and strong writers? To do this a man must think clearly and vigor ously. Thirdly, do our students in fair num bers make strong and progreslve teach ers? No man who cannot think clearly can guide and correct others In their attempts to think. J. W. Ford. Flrat I Jar Hints. To a new teacher. Be In the district a few days before school opens. Secure, If possible, the record of the last teacher. Acquaint yourself with a few of the pupils In advance. If pupils can write, give each a slip of paper, upon which he la to write his name, age, father's name aud resi dence. Make your register out of school from these slips. Always speak respectfully of the for mer teacher and her work. Secure, tbe former teacher's program, If possible, and use It at first Announce no rules. Get the children to work within ten minutes. Do not take school time to "register" tbe pupils. Have a general exercise with the whole school before a lssik Is taken from the desk; it must be well han dled. Give no child a chance to 1? Idle. Have short prompt recitation the first few days. To an old teacher. Be In the district a few days before school opens. Inquire sympathetically for any pu pils whom you know to be ill, for In valid parents, etc. Go through the schoolhouse, visiting every risim once or twice before school opens., Isik well to the sauitary con dition; see that the rooms are thorough ly aired each day for several days be fore the term lieglDH. You should have made an appoint ment before school closed for t lie boys and girls to rendezvous for some gen uine work at least one half day before school opens. Unless there Is a professional Janitor, the yard will need cleaning, the weeds cutting, and many tilings will need to le done In and around the building. Journal of Education. Vale's Oldeat Graduate. The oldest living graduate of Yale College Is Hev. Samuel Blssdl, of Twiusburg, a small village uear Akron, Ohio. Itev. I!!s scll is In his tr.H !i year, but enjoys c o m par atlvely good heiiith Hud will dollbtlos reach tbe century . mark. Althoii-lt '.it la more llmn three score yeara inc he gnidua- r- ,t.... i n-n Hum mm iii- t stltution of learu- BEV. HAMl fcl, UISSKI.I.ugt Kev. lilssell Is still Its loyal friend aud delights to hear of the success of Yale studcuta Iu sports or studies. Iter. BUscll was born In Middleficld, Mass., In 17U7. He went with his fath er's family to Ohio In 1WH5, and attend ed school at Intervals and helped his father to make a home In the forests. In 1SKJ, determining on a better educa tion, ho made his way ou font and olouo to Yale College. There, with but a few dollars on which to commence bis college life, be completed tbe full course, with uo aid save his own bead and hands. He graduated wltb honor In 1S:U. Soon after returning to bis home be took charge of the Congrega tional Church at Twlnsburg, and, ex cept for a few years spent as pastor of other near by charges, Twlnsburg has since been his home. Ills aged wife is still living. Blah achool Benlora Belnatated. The llarrlsburg school board relent ed and decided to reinstate Into Iu good graces tbe six seniors of tbe high school graduating class who acted In a disor derly manner at the class farewell re ception. There was a great clamor from parents and friends, and allega tions that Principal Landon had not thoroughly laqalred lata tbe matter, aa that tbe beard thought bast to reieat aad give the reaag am their dlnloama
