DDNKER HILL BATTLE
EMORABLE EVENT IN THE
STRUGGLE FOR LIBERTY.
th American Patriot's Mettle
M Teated -Gallant lfi-uc in
Which the Hevolationarv Heroes
hawed Their Courage and Daring.
Fht on Breed' Hill.
ONK of those engagement in
she revolutionary war which
.-ted well the mettle whereof
American were uiade wa the
fatkt on lireed's Hill, which by common
asafe is known a the battle of Hunker
HilL To courage, heroism auJ bravery
f those raw au.l comparatively untried
troopa when facing uieu who had won
great victories over the bent drilled armies
f Kurope, i ouiethiUj to marvel at. A
fee story of it w a laie which can never
grow oW, it is beeomiug to tell it now.
! the summer ot In-J Hie nnuoa oi
Her uerc stationed in Boston under
Genu Ilatfe, while the American force
were mostly gaihercd at Cambridge. Near
the former city were two small height
eanne-cted by a ridge and known a
Breeds Hill "and Bunker Hill. The latter
f these eminences, the Americana learn
ed, the British intended to capture on the
strht of June and afterward build a
fort there, which should serve as a strong
kold and a iost of general observation.
This design of the British the Ameri
cana determined to frustrate, and on the
irht of June 15 a party of l.oou men
were sent to seize
and fortify Bunker
Hill under Co!. Pres
cott. Ueti. Israel
Putnam with hi
force joined them,
and. after some de
liberation, it was de
cided to fortify
Breed' Hill rather
than the other
mound. This they
determined to do be
cause Breed's Hill
was nearer Boston.
All that night the
I American soldier
I toiled, but when daj
' light came their
Saw tiT-. C work was still un-
TK-s5jZ-l,.,,mi,(.t(d. of course
uaKKBHiLl. MoNL--,h(, first jawn reveal
MF.XT. lnt.ir w,)rk to the
eeuv and as soon as their design was
discovered the British vessel lately open
ed fire upon them. The other British
hipping joined the Lively, the enemy'
land forces were aroused and it wa de
termined to give the Americans battle.
Prewport was not alarmed, but kept his
ten diligently at work on their redoubt
and dispatched a messenger to Cambridge
for the rest of the American forces, soon
all the soldiery came up, but their num
ber was pitiably mall, not exceeding
1500, which was little when compared
with the British.
In order to surprise the Americana
Gens. Howe and Pigot embarked their
awn on the Mystic river, intending to come
Bp behind. In this he was foiled, for the
Americans caught sight of him and imme
diately threw up breastworks, utilizing a
atone wall and rail fence which were
there, between which was packed a lot of
ew-mown hay. The enemy advanced up
Breed's Hill, pouring a heavy fire as they
came; the Americans, however, bad re
ceived orders not to fire until they could
ewe the whites of the British eyes and o
lay behind their defense.
Repnlsinsc the British.
Up came the British in two wings and
when they had gotten near the Ameri
cana the latter opened fire on them. Volley
after volley was poured into their ranks,
eaosing the greatest confusion. They
pressed on; but still the Americans emp
tied their gun barrels, and finally th
British became hopelessly discomfited and
were forced to retreat Howe rallied hi
anen at once and bis force, reinforced by
400 marines, pressed forward for a sec
ond attack. As before the Americans
reserved their fire until the British were
dose npon them and then let it forth with
the same deadly effect as at first. A third
attack was made by Gen. Howe, now re
inforced by Clinton, and the British press
ad eagerly forward. The ammunition of
the Americans was almost used up before
this last attack, and now, after the Brit
iah bad come upon them for the third
time, they found their supplies quite ex
hausted. Still the British moved on once more to
where the Americans were lying behind
their ambuscade. Nothing daunted, the
little band of patriots rushed out upon the
enemy, using their muskets as clubs, and
a band-to-hand fight ensued. Bravely
they fought and desperately, bnt the odds
were too great, so, overcome by numbers,
the Americans were compelled to retreat.
Thi w-as done in good order. Warren,
ne of the brave commanders on the
eMXEKALS PCTSAM AND WARREJf.
Americas ide whose influence and cour
age were Instrumental in carrying on the
sfefense, fell shot through the head while
m retreat. Gen. Putnam endeavored to
tally the retreiting army, but In vain. The
retreat continued across Charlestown
neck, and many were killed by a heavy
It from the (hipping and batteries; but
the British did not continue their pursuit
beyond this point. The loss on both sides
waa extremely unequal. Of the Ameri
cana but 1B were killed and missing, and
MM -imnd, while the Fritih numbered
their killed and wounded a l.OuO.
A picture hi (riven of the Bunker Hill
Monument which now stand tin Breed'
Hill, a splendid memorial of thi heroic
struggle. It Is a gr.nite obelisk 221 feet
. kick aad can be seen from far and near.
Lafayette laid the corner stone of It June
IT, 1825, the anniversary of the battle,
ad DaaM Webster delivered one of bia
scat eloquent orations on that occasion.
The nun assent waa finished In 1&42 and
&m DMt fear waa dedicated, the Prest
4m. wf fc UaJta SUte aad hi eab
timing preeeat. On thi occaaioi alae
VaWter wttwrnj the ration.
Cici to aortas word for
CT3 tart
11
In,
AN OLD
THE NATION'S BIRTHDAY.
Coluuiba. gem of the west.
Peerless thou art, alone doth stand,
A continent by freedom blest,
Bright banners float o'er all thy land.
From mountain peak to peaceful vale.
From ocean depth to bubbling rill.
We ever hear tie same sweet tale
Of peace on earth, to man good will.
Of all the nations of the earth,
What one can uch a record show
Of purity and sterling worth
Among her men of year ago?
On history's page forevermore
Their names shall blend harmoniously
A those who opened wide the door.
Freedom for all posterity.
Unfurl our gloriou flag once more.
King out in clarion tone again.
Amid the glare of cannon' roar,
The nation's yearly grand amen.
Thi day of days, alone It stand
A priceleaa gem of lustrous hoe.
Secured to us by patriot hands,
A loyal band to right e'er true.
The Stars and Stripes, long may they
wave.
Grand emblem of a land that' free.
Might and oppression found one grave;
Thereon was reared sweet liberty.
And while the golden sunset ray
In radiance flash across the earth
We'd offer up to God all praise
For noble deeds that gave our Fourth.
E. Clifford Wadsworth.
AHOME-MADEFOURTH
HE boy in and
about Barton expect
ed every season to
.J have a good time at
vi Folly Farm, where
. , . ' ZJ iur; "liv .JH lu
Slw 3) congregate on the
.aSnVfca. & Fourth of July to be
Ernest Folly were
more than ordinary
it boy, and the saying
f':'t went the rounds that
" What they could not
' .invent In the way of
amusement was not
worth seeing. These
two farm boys prided themselves in do
ing very original things, and not infre
quently they produced very astonishing
results, especially to the young city board
era in the region. The last Independence
show they gave the visitors decided was
the best of all. It wa a fine Fourth of
July night, and everybody was In the best
of spirits.
After it had become quite dark the old
er brother, Joe, announced that the firt
display uxm the program for the evening
would be a balloon ascension and a show
er of dewdrops. Krnest brought out an
armful of tissue paper of various colors,
which proved to be a home-made balloon.
They inilated it by means of a ball of
candle wickiup saturated with coal oil.
The burning ball was held in a light wire
frame and the flume kept from spreading
by means of cardboard tube that hud been
thoroughly saturated with a strong solu
tion of alum to make it noncoinbtistible.
The great paper sack soon filled with hot
air by means of the tube, and began to
get uneasy and anxious for an upward
flight. "Let 'er go," cried Joe; and as
he did so it was noticed that he placed
a string which hung loose in contact with
the flame. Away went the balloon and all
the company watched it It had reached
an altitude of perhaps 200 feet when
there came the so-called shower of dew
drop. The air beneath the ascending ob
ject became suddenly filled with flashing,
sputtering, glowing lights.
Thi display continued for several min
utes, a portion of the scintillating dew
drops rising with the balloon and others
floating slowly toward the earth. "Splen
did! Good! Beautiful!" were the ex
pressions of the spectator.
The next scene on the program w as the
firing of a cannon by means of a teapot of
water. The cannon itself had been made
by the Folly hoys. A two-inch anger holp
was bored into a curly maple block; the
wood had been cut Into the shape of an
iron gun, then some iron bands from the
hub of an old wagon heated red hot were
driven on and suddenly cooled. The ex
panded hot iron ihronk down ao aa to
Mad the wood firmly, and after they bad
applied a coat or two of black paint they
had fine home-made cannon, but, of
roaraa, they had to be careful about over
loading the piece. The Improvised gun
had been charged with powder and wad
ding, and lay opor. the ground all ready
for Mrviea, Jo took an old teapot, tarned
K war and kit It with a stick to ihow
that H waa empty, than attend It beneath
tkw pamp apont and Iliad h t tk aria
with wata. After taking a awafiwsy frwa
- TIME FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATION.
the spout he placed it near the cannon. His
w and a piece of broomstick w as passed
several time over the tin vessel while
a jargon of senseless words wa spoken.
Kruest meantime lighted a match and
applied it to the water. Instantly a flame
shot up, and placing a fuse from the tea
pot to the piece of artillery, the boys
stepped back. A flash was followed by a
loud report, and the assemblage shouted
with wonder.
The third display was what the rural
lads termed the "fiery erent." Joe
produced a long, ragged cloth object that
looked something like a huge black snake
with a wooden head and two irregular
wings. After holding it up so that all
could see it, he passed out upon the lawn
into the darkness, followed by Ernest.
Presently the sjiectators saw a glow of
light; a crackling sound, and a peculiar
whizzing followed; then a stream of fire
mounted the air with marvelous speed.
The fiery serpent flew skyward higher
and higher, throwing out a brilliance that
made the lookers on hold their breath.
The sputtering, squirming reptile formed
an arc, and after a long flight came bis
ing down to the earth.
The visitors were really amazed. "Three
cheer for the Folly boys," cried Ben
Klade, swinging hi hat The cheers were
given right heartily, followed by a tiger.
Ki planation.
"Now, tell us bow it was all done," they
begged, and Joe explained.
"The shower of dewdrop," he began,
"wa produced by attaching a lot of long
fine thread to a wire rim at the base of
the balloon, to which were fastened thf
strings taken from a lot of firecracker,
interspersed with little roll of tissue pa
per containing wet and dry powder. Some
of these became detached while burniDg
and floated earthward, while other wen
carried on. A slow fuse kept those upon
the thread from Igniting until the bal
loon was well up from the earth."
"But the firing of the cannon with a
teapot of water?"
"The old teapot contained a little coal
oil, which I wa careful not to turn out
when upsetting the vessel. Of course It
arose to the top when the water wa put
In. and wa easily Ignited."
The boy laughed heartily. "That was
a good one. Now what of the fiery ser
pent?" "That was a mass of rags and cotton,
very slightly dampened with benzine, and
rolled into the form of a nake, but it
contained also a lot of wet and dry pow
der. The serpent was attached to a
crotched stick, the end of which formed
the reptile' head, and the branches the
two wing. A stiff spring-pole wa set
firmly in the ground and then bent over
and held by a catch. The crotch waa set
aside the spring-pole at an angle of about
45 degrees, the serpent lighted and the
spring-pole set loose. That threw the hiss
ing reptile high in the air." j
"Bully! cried impetuous Fred Brnster.
Shout after shout sounded out on the
night air as the large company of boys
left Folly Farm thoroughly delighted with
their home-made Fourth of July enter
tainment Fun at the K'gninfr. .
When John Hancock affixed his, under
and other circumstances, preposterous
signature to the Declaration of Independ
ence, he laughingly pushed the paper
aside, saying: "There, John Bull may read
my name without spectacles." Again,
when Hancock reminded the members of
the necessity of hanging together, Dr.
Franklin dryly remarked, "Yes, we must
indeed all hang together, or else most as
suredly we shall all hang separately !"
And stout Mr. Harrison remarked to little
Klbridge Gerry that when the hanging
came he would have the advantage of him,
for he should be dead while little Gerry
would be dangling around slowly choking.
And thus on that hot morning of the
Fourth of July, 177. amid the livery sta
ble's buzzing fliea, which the honorable
gentlemen were vainly fighting with wav
ing handkerchiefs, waa given to the world
the immortal Declaration of Independ-
A Fourth of July Htate.
There was a small boy once living In
Texas,
Who bought a small cannon on purpose to
vex ua.
He poured in the powder, and aald,
"They'll be lucky
If soon they don't hear from ma there In
Kentucky."
But the small cannon bnat with anch terri
ble fury
That pieces not penes raignad from
Main to MlswoarL
And Johnny waa blown, with other small
boys.
To Htata wie soma para nroaonace
lamina.
rJX mt,- V XjT r
WHEN WE WERE BOYS.
A Picture of an Old-Time Celebratioa
In the Country.
"Now, Biy, don't go near them anvils."
"Sammy, will you stand back, or do yoa
want to get Mowed up?" And a strange
to boys and to the custom would have con
eluded that Sammy certainly did want t
get "Mowed up," for it was the regular
complaint of the men in charge that than
"wouldn't be a speck of danger if It
weren't for the derned boys crowdln' la
so."
This was at 4 o'clock In the morning of
a Fourth of July, years ago, In a country
village. The boys were hurrying toward
the public square, where the anvils war
located, barefooted and clad for the moat
part only in low linen shirts and jean pant
alootis and buttoning the latter as they
ran, for the affair waa too important to be
missed on account of a little informality
in toilet And close after them came two
or three mothers with nervous warning
of caution.
The rising sun showed the whole popo
lation up, and iu the country aa far as
boom of cannon or ringing of bells could
be beard there was great excitement
among the boys, each eager to get his
breakfast and be off for the village. Hi
men and women came In later If it wasn't
a "good harvest day."
By 10 o'clock all the town wa out and
so many from the country that the vlllaga
contained 3,000 or 4,000 people. If ths
season had been very early "down on ths
sand barren," a few watermelon war
for sale, but not often. Of home-mad
beer, ginger cakes, currant pies, striped
candy and the like, the sale wa wonderful
a tand under every big tree. In th
village grocery the big cheese wa cut and
regular customers invited to taste It
"Cuba six" cigars (six for 5 cents) were
so plentiful that every boy could have ona,
The men gave way to unwonted gener
osity and whisky they bad always with
them "20 cents a gallon, and that that'
good." Shutting up the "groceries"
they were not called "saloons" till near
the war would have provoked a riot
The speaker gave "old England" a few
vigorous whacks, pitied the "subjects of
foreign despotisms," congratulated bis fal
low citizens on their glorious freedom,
and generally wound up with a statement
that "but for our noble forefathers, whs
on this day so many years ago declared
tltti colonies free and independent, wa,
fellow citizens, would have been the sub
ject of a despotism, perhaps trodden into
the mire of slavery and compelled to give
one-third of all we possessed to the king
and bis soldiers." Boston Tost
Valuable Souvenirs.
Wo1 t
sTY
afSl
Visitor Are you planting potatoes on
the old battle field, farmer?
Farmer These ain't polaters; I'm Jus'
scstterin' a few bullet for th' Fourth of
July excursionists.
The Prophecy of John Adam.
The approach of another anniversary
of our national birthday finds the whole
country resounding with the note of pre
paration for its celebration. The pro
phecy of John Adams that the day would
he ushered In by sound of cannon and
ringing of bell and blazing of fireworks
has been realized ever since that suspici
ous day when the old bell in Independence
If all first pealed in Joyous tonea ths birth
of a nation. Change Incident to ovjr ad
vanced age have brought a change In th
modes of celebrating this great dsy, but
rlic Hfiine patriotic spirit lives snd breathes
In all parts of the country and finds It
own mode of testifying that patriotism.
His Musy Day.
Cobble I called on Dr. Probe to-day
and the servsnt said unless it was very
important he couldn't see me.
Klone Why not?
Cobble He Is resting np for th Fourth
of July.
Hit the Mark.
Brlggs While I wa on the plassa with
Mlaa Llngerly mat night her little brother I
threw a firecracker right Into her lap. I
Orlggs Ha waa aiming ai as, I saj
nnsn.
Jfl rm IBM
mm-
EDUCATIOXALCOLUMX
NOTES ABOUT SCHOOLS AND
THEIR MANAGEMENT.
Rapid t-tritlrs Made by the I tilvtrsitj
of l iaxiurl - Hill to I'enaiun Illinois
School TcHchcm-Cbildrcn Should Be
Taught to Think.
Mimourl I'niveraity Huildina.
No other .State uuiversity in the
rouutry ha made more rapid strides
the last year than the l uiversity of
Missouri. The faculty ha ltu
tr OKtheiied aud enlarged; new builil
luf:s have Im-cii elected aud the endow
ment has leen Increased. The seven
uew buildings ataud In the form of a
quadrangle on the campus, which, oc-L-uplcH
alwiut ihlrty acres lu the south
rn subui Its of Columbia, Mo. The in tin
building HtHuils on higher grotiud (iiarl
the subordinate structures. Though
built of plain material, and In style
neither ornute nor extravagant, it Is a
comely structure, substantially Imilt,
conveniently arranged and miflicicntly
rich and tine iu apiiearance to preside
over the two rows of smaller buildings.
Academic Hall is 320 feet long and l.TJ
fet deep. It Is three stories lilh above
the basement, with a fourth story aud
dome la the center. The highest point
of the dome Is 1S5 feet above the pave
ment In front It contains In the eat
wing an auditorium 74x114 feet, w ith a
capacity of l,4oo seats. The west winx
contains the ladles' apartments and a
library 35x114 feet, with a capacity of
33,000 volumes. There are thirty-seven
class-rooms, eight lecture-rooms, four
administration rooms, a ladies' waiting
room and a callstheulc hall. The walls.
1
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI'S NEW MAIN WILDING.
ceilings and all floors In the lecture
rooms and corridors are fireproof. The
contract price for this building was
1235,000.
Pensions for Teachers.
Among the bills which passed the
lAlnoui Legislature is one creating a
pension fund for the benefit of school
teacher and school employes lu citlej
of over 10o,0H! Inhabitants. The bill
provides for the" establishment of a
pension fund by the deduction of 1 per
cent a year from the salaries of all
school teachers and Mcbool employes lu
cities of over 1)0,000 people. This fund
In to be kept by the City Treasurer and
managed Tiy a board of trustees com
posed of the Board of Education, the
Superintendent of Schools, and two rep
resentatives elected annually by the
teachers and employes. All male teach
ers or employes who have served twenty-five
years, or females who have
served twenty years will be eligible to
retirement on a pension of one-half
their regular salary, but in no case
will a pension of over $J00 be paid. No
teacher or employe who has once been
regularly appointed by the Hoard of
Education shall be dismissed or re
moved except for cause aud tiioii an
Investigation of written charges. If as
the result of such Investigation any
teacher or employe Is discharged before
the time when a pension would be due
then the money paid Into the fund must
be returned to the discharged person.
No taxes of any kind can Ik? levied for
the use of this fund, but the acceptance
of gifts, legacies,. bequest, and dona
tions Is allowed.
The father of this beneficent measure,
the sole object of which Is to secure to
teachers and other school employes
financial Independence In their old age.
Is Charles S. Thornton, a man long and
favorably Identified with the cause of
education In many ways. Mr. Thorn
ton Is one of Chicago's representative
busy men. but lie always has time to
further the Internal of the public school
system and he does o.
Tesrhlna; to Think.
Good teaching secures good thinking.
One with limited capacity can feed
facta to children an be would swill to
swine, and th.'ii ask questions to see
what tbey retain, n be would weigh
swine to see what they have gained. It
requires both tact and talent to lead a
child to think keenly ujion a alngle
fact, aa It does , to get reliable speed
even from a blooded colt
It la not enough that the mind be ac
tive when the facta are received, which
f'HAR!.F.S S. IHOISXTON.
i the standard with too many would
be educational leader. This in-rcly
secure g'KMl uo.veiiielit. but lieitbi-r
six-e.l uoreudurauce. A child u-ust keep
dp his thinking when he Is out of the
teacher s bands. Whoever ha driven
what is kiiowu a a "door yard" horse
that prance furiously while you are
li.iibj.' to K-t Into the carriape and i
equally fens ious when you would j-t
out. but cares naught for the urj:iiitf of
v.. ice or whip hen on the road, has a
good conception of the mental aciiviiy
of children who are taught to dance
attendance ujkiu a teacher when she is
li:n in- them "observe" under her eye,
J. ut gives them no training iu rpmg or
biistaiiifd thinking.
Thinking is working one's knowledge
Into K'linethlng no one else would pro
duce with the same facts ami condi
tions. The teacher who plans to have
twenty children see the ame thing In
..l,i,- i,r,.l..nt lllui think the suine
' things about It. has not ilie fainict con
ception of what thinking really is.
Thinking is making our knowledge as
unlike what that same knowledge
would be lu any other mind as our i-r-sonality.
resulting from the eating of
bread, beef ai.l bean Is unlike any
other personality.
Thinking eventuates In activity of
some kind, sooner or later. Thinking
la action. Movement creates or contin
ues movement It Is the height of folly
of talk of teaching without providing
means and opportunity for activity. It
may be thought of the hand In science,
art, and the Industries; of the eye la
estimating criticising, approving; of
the voice In reading, conversing, sc'ng
ing: of the ear In discriminating in
tone, pitch, emphasis or Inflection.
Thinking means the placing of a
trained, cultured mind behind every
b u ma ii acjivlty; it means good Judg-
mcnt, keen discrimination, sympathet
ic appreciation along nil lines of pro
gress. Journal of Education.
Learning the Letters,
Many, teachers of the word method
have overlooked the necessity of caus
ing the child to learb the names of the
letters, to recognize them at sight, Just
as they have learned to recognize
words, and to name them' letters In
their established order. I think It has
been assumed by some teachers that all
the words of the language are to be
learned Just as the first two or three
hundred are learned on simple author
ity. Chinese fashion. It should be clear
to the most Inexperienced teacher that
In the art of reading, as In that of walk
ing, the child must be helped, but all
to the end that he must finally learn the
art of self-hell).
The easiest and most direct means of
teaching the letters of the alphulet Is
by causing the pupil to print words;
for to print a word Is to break It up
Into the (dements (letters) ami from the
formation of these elemeins to the
learning of their name, the step s di
rect and easy. It Is often said, and no
doubt with much truth, that by means
of printing the child will ,.rlrn
names of the letters ulmost uncon
sciously, but here, as lu the learning of
words, the teacher should furnish sys
tematic help. As these names are pure
ly arbitrary, they must 1. learned on
mere authority.
In the line of Kjstematlc teaching
words may lie selected that contain spB.
clal letters; certain words may be print
ed on the board, and then the letters
r.nmed by the class; the letters may be
arranged In their established order'and
then told by the class; imd lastly, the
pupil being provided with boxes of hi
ters, they niny reproduce words which
have been assigned by the teacher. The
last exercise is the eh:icierlsie em
ployment of the pupil dining this
period. It Khould have been stated In
an earlier place that capital letters
should be employed wherever proper
usage requires them, so that In the
printing work here recommended, the
pupil will learn the capital torms along
with the ordinary forms.-W. H. Payne.
A Klaitlinjt Cllmai.
Admiral Sir Charles Napier once re
ceived telegraphic dispatches from
Lord Clarendon, our Ambassador In
Paris, Informing him of the great vic
tory of the allies nt the Alma, and
these, says the Westminster (jaV-efto,
were being signaled to the fleet. Every
lclescniie was fixed on the flagship aa
the news wns repealed. At the eon
elusion, while every eye wa being
strained at the bunting when It waa
run alofL In the eager expectation of
further details of the battle, fl the
flags broke the following in.-ssage,
much to the amusement of th, whole
squadron, was read: "Lady Clarence
Paget has a daughter." Lord Claren
don l.ng a friend of Lady Clarence
Paget's, had telegraphed the Informa
tion, little Imagining that the announe.
went would publicly be made to th
whole fleet It waa for that reason
that his eldest daughter, who Is ntw
married to Mr. Bentlnck, received th
name of Alma, like many other yooa
ladles who were born that autumn.
"Wrwtr,.r. -a