The Sioux County journal. (Harrison, Nebraska) 1888-1899, May 02, 1895, Image 1
fcwf The Sioux County Journal. VOLUME VII. HARKISON, NEBRASKA, THURSDAY, MAY 2. 1895. NUMBER U. n m m m m m awv. 1 AGRICULTURAL NEWS THINGS PERTAINING TO THE FARM AND HOME. It la I'nwlM to Incur Much Debt to Htock and Toot the Farm-Amount of Fertiliaer to Be Ueed-Dlrectione (or Spraying Treea. Beginning Farming. It does not seem wise to Incur much debt to stock and tool the farm. A team Is a necessity, but a serviceable one may be purchased very cheap. Certalu tools are ludlicnsable, but It Is better to get ouly these at first ami add to them afterwards, oue at a time. Home cows way be purchased, and -others added or raised. It Is most prof liable sometimes to bcglu small an J Increase as experience and results geem to warrant. The same Is true of poultry, small fruits, etc. The farm may be gradually Improved, buildings repaired, and needed Improvements made without being burdensome. Warm, comfortable stables are a neces- alty to profitable dairying, and a silo la a great help to cheaper feeding. Oil!' hould 1m! careful about making Invest ments that do not tend, directly or In- -directly, to pay for themselves and In crease the naming capacity of the farm. Much may be learned by n tudy of the methods of successful farmers In the neighborhood. In selling the products, the middle man should bp dispensed with so far as possible, and business done with the consumer. If the farmer Intends to cater to a summer hotel or similar trade, he must have a variety of prod ucts. What these shall be he must Judge for himself, and be Influenced by the demands. All dairy and poultry product!) will be wanted. Chickens, fresh and plump, will And a great market. All choice fruits will spII well and be profitable to grow, as well as fresh vegetables. Those maturing dur ing the season when summer boarders abound must be chosen. The claim Is sometimes made that the summer hotels and boarding-houses get most of their supplies from the city. This In often true, but It Is because they are forced to do so. They must have cer tain continuous and regular supplies, and In many nolghlsirhoods these can not be obtained from the farmers. There Is good money and genuine sat isfaction In furnishing these choice products. Often city people who are well fed direct from the farm during "their summer outings, desire a contln nance of these same products In their city honies, and thus the market may bo extended. The summer Imarder Is a profitable field for cultivation. Country Gentleman. Small Drcaalnge of Fertilizer. A professor In one of the experiment stations ridicules the farmers who use ouly XT) to 'JX) pounds of phosphate per acre, saying that this quantity Is not enough to give the manure a fair chance. It all depends upon the crop to which the fertilizer Is applied. It Is fair to presume that the farmers who use this small quantity per acre know what they are about. One hundred and fifty to ') pounds of phosphate per ere, drilled In with wheat, barley or oats, produces large Increase of the crops of all these grains. These amounts are for such crops all that are needed on good land, and will produce better results than more would do. We have known farmers to apply 400 to 500 pounds of phosphate to grain, causing too rank a growth, giving sometimes a poorer yield of grain than the smaller amount. The phosphate with the seed grain gave It a start and probably made some of the soil In contact with It give up more of It plant food than It otherwise would. But If phosphate Is own broadcast Instead of being drilled wltL tli seed a larger amount Is needed to produce any effect , More mineral manures should also be applied to po tato and vegetable crops, but the mount that can be used In the hill with potatoes Is not more than MO to "J00 pounds per acre. If broadcasted, 600 to 800 pounds per acre can be used with profit. Where these large amounts are used much of the phosphate remains for dss the second year. The small dressing of phosphate with grain shows Its effects In the clover which follows It Tar for Wounde on Treea. Some kinds of fruit trees have such delicate bark that their trunks and In some cases their branches have their bark scaled and cracked by exposure to the sun. The Twenty-ounce apple Is especially liable to this Injury. It Is a very valuable and productive va riety and this Is Its only fault Henry Iteynolds of North Carolina says that the application of tar to bark that Is scalded and cracked enables it to heal perfectly. lie finds It very valuable to cure Injuries made by the peach tree borer, taking care to first kill the borer. The application of the tar to the trun of peach trees near the ground he finds t be the cheapest and easiest way to prevent the deposit of the peach borers' eggs. i Spraying. As to spraying apple trees, all de pends on what they are to be sprayed for. If for the Scab, watch of late baa proved go damaging to the apple crop, they shoold be prayed twice before Um tecf bote opto, tad with Bordawn mixture. If they are to be epi ayes' to destroy the codling moth, this should be done soou after the blossoms fall and with Bordeaux mixture, adding about two pounds of loudon purple to 300 gallons of the water: mixing the purple first In a small dish Into a tbin paBte, lefore putting it Into the tank of water. Loudon purple Is better than parls green, for the reason that when mixed Into the water it does not settle as parls green does. Once spray- lug thoroughly for the codling moth, If well done, will do, except when a rain follows the spraying very soon, In which case it should be repeated. A light spray. Just enough to wet every part of the tree, Is all sufficient Country Gentleman. Horaea in Old Age. It is a common opinion that a horse of twelve years Is too old for service, but I have one at the present time that Is thirty years old, and good for a ride of thirty miles a day yet. lie Is doing his usual work and keeps his level be side a mule only six years old In the plow or the wagon. I once bought a mule that was said to be forty-live years old, and the evi dence was certainly trustworthy that he had been worked in one family thirty-five years, as I bought him from the grandson of the man who had him ail that time. I think I am correct In saying that the noted trotting mare Goldsmith Maid went Into the breed ing stable only when twenty -six years old, and many of the best of the racers have lived over thirty years. There Is a record of a shire horse In England that reached the nge of fifty nine years, at which his teeth and eyes were still good, and he was then pen sioned off by his owner on a farm. My forty-fl vp-yen r-old mule did gooil ser vice drawing empty railroad cars Into a mine which I whs then working, to be loaded with iron ore, and I kept him at it two years, when I gave him to the person who bought out my Interest In the property. lie was still at the same work two years after that My old horse Is still able to shell his corn as well as my young mules can, and how much long er he will work I suppose depends on his ability to feed, which Just at pres ent seems to be assured for several years, as evidenced by the vigorous neigh when I go Into the stable at feeding time. And occasionally he takes a colt-like frolic with his compan ions In the pasture. Now, If It Is possible for a horse, by means of good feeding and general care, to live and work to such an age as this, how much Is the aggregate loss which occurs through neglect and mis management on all the farms In the country ? Country Gentleman. Heavy Reeding on Rich Land. The question as to whether thin seed ing or thick seeding oi grain Is pre ferable cannot be determined by any general rule. Sometimes thin seeding produces a full crop, especially If the seed be sown parly and the season be such as to Induce tilling of the plant. But on very rich land this makes too luxuriant growth of straw, which falls down and makes the grain light and shrunken. If the soil Is very rich It is better to sow the grain so thickly that the plants will slightly crowd each other from the first. About the time of heading the plants will draw so heav ily on the soli for moisture that each will check the growth of the other, and all will stand up with well-filled heads of grain. But this heavy seeding will be hard on clover or grass seed, though not so much so as will the fallen straw where the seeding has not been so heavy. Manure for Onlona. The amount of manure necessary to bring a good crop of onions depeuds on previous treatment of the land; In oth er words, on Its present state of fertil ity. It Is always safe to be liberal and to err on the side of generosity, rather than the opposite. Put on a good coat of manure If you have It No soil Is better adapted for the exclusive use of fertilizers than that which is well pro vided with organic matter, like muck and peaty lands, etc. Btlll, we would prefer the application of good, rotted stable manure, at least every second or third year. Nothing In the shape of fer tilizers for muck lands would be su perior to wood ashes and bone. On a good, rich muck, we think 100 bush els of unleached wood ashes and 100 pounds of fine bone meal an ocro would be sufficient to give an extra crop. Weeds in Clover Seed. The foulest seed sold Is that of red clover. All sorts of weed seeds may be found In It and much of the seed It self Is not sound. It Is not Inferred that such seed Is sold with the obJct of Im position, but as much of It comes from different sources It is difficult to secure clean seed. The clover seed Is a very small bean, and is easily distinguished with a large reading glass of high mag nifying powers. Advatange of Warm Feed. Giving warm feed to young animals not disposed to be thrifty will very of ten bar a happy effect These animals may suffer from weak digestion, which In tarn produces a poor appetite. The animal does not eat heartily, and what It does eat Is not well digested. A hot mess some cold morning sharpen the appstito and tones up the digestion. ' GOWNS AND GOWNING. WOMEN GIVE MUCH ATTENTION TO WHAT THEY WEAR. Brief Planum at raaelas Feminine, Frlva loaa. Mayhap, and Yet Offered In the Hope that the Beading May Pro Restful to Wearied Womankind. Ooailp from Gay Gotham. New York correspondence: EALLY stylish skirts depend for their correctness more upon their flare than any thing else, but thle can be aceom' plisbed in various ways and the ac companying pic tures show sev eral methods of bringing it about In all of them it will be noticed ;h 1 that In spite of ' the skirt's side flare. It swings toward the back, so that as the wearer stands at ease her toes are close to the hetn In front and a long way from back and sides. This Is characteristic of all the best skirts, this matter of "swing" being as Important as that of "hang" and cut. Oh, the ambitious woman who thinks she can be all right with a hastily selected garment must consider more things than Its price and Its being lined throughout With these points In mind. It will be well to see that, while skirt and bodice do uot hiatch In an old-fashioned way, they are planned with reference to each other. This, of course, leaves entirely out of the calculations the faucy waist that will go with any old skirt and ap plies exclusively to brand new outllta. COMBINING SOLID AND OPEN WORK OOOD8 First to be considered Is the Initial pic ture's gown, which is especially suited to the combination of solid and all-over-open goods. It Is equally well adapted to wash goods, to wool and perforated cloth or to solid and per forated silk. The skirt hangs In a wide front pleat that flares at the foot, three narrower pleats stand out on either side, and at the back three others fall at either side of a top mid dle pleat that lies flat to correspond with the front These pleats are all the result of cut and shape and there Is not a tape or a "tack" on the under side. A deep band of the open-work material Is set along the hem of the skirt and Is at Its widest at the round of each pleat It is In the presence of this band and It shaping that the new ness and style of the skirt Is expressed. A modification or elaboration of this Is a skirt having the front pleat not quite so wide and three pleats on each side that swing a little more fully to the front and round more gently Into each other. This model appears In the second picture. At the back are seven pleats of one sire, three at either side of a central outstanding one. Like the first example, this employs lace, per forated or open-work goods with plain material. A novel use Is made of the latter by slashing the front pleat as ruATS tut coHSTiTtrrt acomphomisi high as the knw and Inserting a van dyke, Mt point tip. This la tag touch to proT that tho skirt It planned to h amenta with a certain bodies. The I beauty of the skirts that "go with any thing Is Dy no means lost forever, only In an entirely new gown It Is better to let the skirt proclaim that It is really made for Just one bodice and not to do back duty for many. Every skirt sketched here shows In some degreebut the third more clear ly, perhaps, than the others that stif fened linings are a compromise. Not long ago -the coming of hoops was her alded, and womankind gave to the prophecy a reception that made Its ful filment hopeless. But the spread of folds was not to be avoided, even If the hated wire trellis was downed, and It brought with It an Item of cost that makes a serious Inroad upon light purses. "Haircloth $5" is the item oft repeated In current dressmaking bills A MARVEL AND BRAM -VKW. that shows how dearly women bought their Independence of lumps. This third skirt spreads as widely and al most as stiffly as if hoops filled It out, but Judged by present standards It could hardly be improved upon. Of glace silk, Its skirt has three pleats on each side of the plain front and four more in back. At the top there are small fitted panniers of guipure. The bodice has an 18,'tO yoke of guipure with draped fronts that are gathered Into points at the collar, and the back is made to match, except that the pieces are undraped. The full sleeve puffs end In long lace cuffs. But little short of a marvel of con struction Is the skirt that follows In the artist's depiction. It Is made with a boxpleat In front with one at either side, the aiders are In three single pleats, and the back Is set In boxpleats to cor respond with the front Each box pleat is gored to shape, all unnecessary material is cut away on the under side and each boxpleat widens towards the foot to suit the flare of the skirt This means transcendent skill on the part of the cutter, and for the wearer that serenity of mind that only a clear con science can bring. Such a skirt can never make over Into any other style AS NOVEL AND LIGHTER. and that Is one thing that lends to the wearer the lasting peace that a very long pocketbook devoted to the de mands of dress permit. What If such a skirt Is horribly heavy! Will not tho thought that each boxpleat appears to be caught under a buckle at the waist band suffice to give the wearer strength to bear the weight? Of course It will! What If yards and yards of material are necessary! Will not the fact that the design necessitates the cutting of priceless lace for a band on the hem counteract that misery by a greater one, and the combination create perfect happiness? To be sure! Now for the prettiest design In the world for a skirt of soft silk or any delicate fluffy summer material. It Is almost wicked to stretch dainty lawn, Dresden or Japanese silk over stiff hair cloth and take all the chnracter out of the goods, and It Is not Always easy to plan loose drapery. This design meets the case exactly. You may use as many yards of material as you like In this skirt There Is not a core, not a cut anywhere, and when seamed to gether the skirt Is as wide at the waist as It is at the hem, which is saying a good deal these days. Ten Vandykes of lace are set point np about the hips. Copyright, 1X. The "Trilby" straw hat for women la rather prematurely advertised. NAVAL WARFARE. Vastly Different Mow from the Time of Decatur. Tho usual spring war cloud which hovered over France and Kugland and the little quarrels of the United Suites with England and Spain served to re awaken Interest In naval development and navy tactics. While it Is not at all likely that the United States is 'n dan ger of immediate war, notwithstanding the blustering and bravado of certain of our public men, it is not an Idle thing to consider what such a war would be Ilka If with any European power but Great Britain It would be wholly a naval war and under conditions entire ly new, for since armored vessels came Into existence naval warfare has been revolutionized. That brave and Inter esting little fight in Hampton Itoads be tween the Monitor and the Merrlmao thirty-three years ago revolutionized modern war. Since that day there have be-en such vast improvements In sea fighting machines, for that Is what men-of-war are, that no oue can fore tell what the next experience will be, and It Is this uncertainty, perhaps, that keeps nations on their good be havior. If Nelson or Decatur could revisit this terrestrial globe he would not know his quarter deck, and all his seaman ship would be useless. The maneuver ing for the weather gauge is a lost art for steam has conquered the winds and the waves. Nelson used to say, when they talked to him about Napoleon, that all he wanted was "to get Bony on a wind," but that would not suit his purpose now. He must have a vessel that can carry tons and tons' of coal, besides its armament, and steam at the rate of twenty or twenty-five miles an hour. Nelson brought the art of naval war to perfection with the means he had. A battle In his days depended upon the wind, and to obtain the weather gauge was the first maneuver. The vessel were made of heart of oak, with huge masts covered with thou sands of yards of canvas, that had to be handled while in action. A ship was manned by hundreds of sailors, and carried sixty, seventy, eighty or a hun dred guns. In a battle of fleets the ves sels were laid close together, yardarms were locked, boarders dashing from one ship to the other, and hundreds of men were slain. But the ships were not Injured greatly, and were often carried off as prizes and refitted for the victor's navy. No such warfare Is possible now, for, though fleets would undoubtedly give battle to each other, there could be no band-to-hand conflict The arms they carry would be apt to settle the mat ter, and the best and most accurate gunnery would win. From the acci dents that have occurred, like the sink ing of the Victoria, It Is known that an armored vessel Injured below the water line sinks like an iron pot with but little chance for the crew. The changes made under the Influenoo of modern science make naval war fare an unknown field for the sea war rior. Naval strategy, of course, re mains unchanged, for that has relation only to the movement of fleets and ves sels of war. But naval tactics which have to elo with the actual fighting of fleets will have to bp greatly changed. All that Nelson asked or ordered was to be laid alongside of one of the enemy's ships. In the war of the future that order will not be made, for it cauuot be executed. Fighting a Gander. There are few better fighters than a goose, or a gander, Bore particularly. Those ragged white Russian geese bite like bulldogs. It is no mere peck with them; they bite and hang on. The common old farmyard gander Is a capi tal fighter when he is driven to it At a certain place In Scotland there used to be a caged golden eagle. He pre ferred to kill his own dinner, and It used to be a cruel sport to watch him dispose of any unfortunate hen or guinea fowl that was put Into his cage. They tried blm with every sort of do mestic poultry. Ducks, pea-fowl, tur keysthe eagle was master of them all. He had no trouble in finishing them off no trouble even with the "bubbly Jock." At length they tried him with a gander; but he could make nothing of It The gander crouched Into a corner, drew back bis head, presenting but a broad, spade-like bill, from whichever quarter the eagle tried to attack him. The eaglo fumed and fretted, and grew very angry; he made desperate attempts to take the gander In the flank, but the wise old bird defeated them all. In the end they had to give the gander his liberty as the reward of his courage, and to satisfy the eagle with the much more succulent dainty of a young tur key. The Klectrio Crater. Everybody knows that an arc light Is formed by causing an electric cur rent to pass between the points of two carbon rodB. Oue of these Is called the positive and the other the negative electrode, and Die current passes from the former to the latter. Particles of carbon are carried off from the positive electrode ntil Its end becomes cup-: shaped. To the little cup thus formed the nam of crater is applied, and from this crater four-fifths of the light Is emitted. The negative electrode does not become as hot as the other. Between the two a little cloud of vaporized carbon is formed, rising from the crater, and this vapor gives forth a golden yellow light But it is over powered by the light of tho crater it self, which has a violet tinge due to th incandescence of solid particles of car bon. The arc of light extending from on electrode to the other also has an axis of a violet color which Is Its most bril liant part. The fact that most of the luminosity comes from the crater explains the rea son why the light does not appear equal in all directions. It Is brightest from that point of view which shows the largest portion of the crater. A very Interesting effect is often no ticed when Hies, or other Insects, flutter about au arc light Their shadows cast on a neighboring wall appear gi gantic. The reason is that the light of the crater is concentrated in a point smaller than the bodies of the Insects, and the boundaries of the shadows consequently widen with increase of distance. Splitting Heoonda. The measurement of minute Inter vals of time is one of the most difficult subjects met with in the laboratory, and this is more especially the case as the apparatus employed is often little adapted for the use of those who lack experience in the precision gained by years of experimental work in physics. A Frenchman has recently devised a photochronograph which comprises a metallic disk, turning freely on an axis passing through Its center. The free end of a spring carries a needle point which bears against the disk; this spring Is timed to give five hundred vibrations per second. This rate is determined by timing the spring so that it vibrates between known vi brations of four hundred and ninety three and five hundred and twenty-two periods per second. Any want of extreme accuracy In the determination of the Intermediate point is uot of great Importance, as it can be shown that the difference only affects the fifth place of decimals of a single second. Of course, any variation In speed of the disk does not Influence the number of vibrations of the spring. By means of a magnesium light traces of the path of the spring are left upon a sensitive plate mounted upon the disk. The apparatus is certainly not. new In principle, but the arrangement Is one which has not been described In this particular form. The End of a Flying Machine. A sad accident has happened to a flying machine at Sydaey, New South Wales. The inventor did not accom pany the machine on its trial trip, and as no one volunteered the machine waa allowed to go alone. The following ac count of Its performance has been sent over: "Hissing and snorting, It slid along the tram for a distance of 100 feet whep, having reached the end of the rails, instead of lifting Its wings and floating gracefully across the har bor, It bumped against the rocks and toppled over onto the beach, part of it becoming submerged by the waves. Some of the hot cinders from the fur naere came In contact with the light ma terials of which it was constructed and set them on fire, and In a few moments a portion of the framework and the machinery were all that remained of this production of inventive genius. The manager explained that the trial was a failure because there was not sufficient wind to fill the sails, and no one had been placed inside to sail It" , A Hard Name. An unknown term or an unusual word often has great weight with the Ignorant Every one knows the story of the learned professor who silenced the Billingsgate fishwife by calling her a "parallelopipedon." Here Is a story of similar Import. It Is of a little color ed boy who recently ran home from school to his mother sobbing aa though his heart would break. , "What's the matter, boy?" asked tho sympathetic mother, clasping the child, to her breast "Has any one hurt you?" "Mike Flynn'sbeen calling me names," cried the boy. "Deary me! What did he call you? Lasses stick ?" "Wuss 'en that" "Blackle? Ink bottler "No." "Soot bag?" , ' "Oh, no!" "What was It then?" "He called me he called me Ethlo pean," the boy sobbed. Announcing the Engagement. An engagement should be announced first by the family of the bride-elect, writes Mrs. Burton Harrison, In tho Ladles' Home Journal. This Is dona either verbally or Informally to friends or done by note to those whom It is desired shall receive early Informa tion. The man may at the same time write to those of his friends whom ho desires to have a share in his happi ness and whom the girl's family could not so well reach. Churlish, Indeed, would be the spirit to withhold Interest In a new engagement and the telling of it by the principals almost always In spires a kindly feeling for them In thong told. Lovers have, perhaps, Um best founded claim to thinking therasolveg of tho first Interwt to a ootnstimlty of any clam of people, and are Quit antl tled to assume all the hoaora gad privi leges of the situation. U .