fla aV.JL A. -J
TOPICS OF THE TJ M KS.
A CHOICE PCLECTION OF INTER
ESTING ITEMS.
Comment yml Critiriamit Kased Upon
the Huiiruni nf the Histori
cal awl New- .ou-.
Germany and France have decided to
twist the of the American hog.
The utter vanity of worldly omp Is j
again rcn-ae-!. Tin queen regent of ,
s-pain ha- measles, j
Anna Could should uot i.,..k upon her
;:,.imiiii)i m ftiii--iit a a total loss;
perhaps some of it may conn; back as
alimony.
Mrs. Morgan once paid Slv for a
I-io lil. low ase, but Willie Iv. Vauder
biit's family jar is said to have cost
Lim $:;.im !.! i.
I' seems lliat nowadays the cheerful
Imlweile who cannot get a joh as a
parachute jumper becomes a ""ujau
target" wilh ! Sit- same result
Cuba Is having a revolution or her I
own which will keep things interesting ;
iiuiil some of the Central American. :
republics catch tin infection again. !
The whole Could Castellane match
was epitomized in the cable inquiry
of the Count's careful mamma: "What
settlement?" That is all here is of it.
Probably Captain Howgate now feels
like kicking himself for lodging tin' '
police authorities for thirteen years, j
AVill he now Hue for false imprison- I
ineut?
desire to call the attention of
Miss Helen Could to the fact that It Is
l ot absolutely necessary for an Ameri
can gir! to go outside of this country
lor first-class matrimonial materia!.
A New York man says he caught a
)' oitiito In the South Kiel on Satur
day. That's the best place to catch a
mosquito; unlike a wasp, the south
nd of a mosquito is the harmless end.
A St. Louis boy who is IT years old
voted live times at the last general
election "bei iAise he was asked to do
It." That young man has all the oblig
ing qualities which characterize the
fcln.ves.sf til politician.
Harvard College faculty has voted
against professional foot ball. This )
may !. due to the work of the Inter- !
national Peace Assiwiatioti. whit'h sug- j
g -ts fiat henceforth foot ball matches I
should be settled by arbitration.
Ai.lioiigh great munis think alike, it
is provoking that the very day Ameri
ca's wonderful new naval armor van
described came the announcement that
the Krupp works, in Cermauy, had
turned out some remarkable fievv
process armor plates.
A Montana bank cashier who is un
ler arrest for defalcation stoutly avers
that his accounts are correct to a
penny. He admits, however, that as i
an official of the bank he lias loaned j
lie self about S.sii.iMiii. There is truly
.oleonic as well as Chesterfieldian.
Pennsylvania proposes to publish un
illustrated book on the birds and ani
mals of the State and proposes to fur
nish a copy for every school and public
library In tiie commonwealth. Such a
book will, of course. Is' useful In many
ways, and w e may look for other States
to follow the example
Germany, having placed restrictions
on our beef, the Secretary of Agricul
ture favors a more rigid inspection of
German wine, beer, etc., coming to this
country', and excluding the articles not
found to be pure. This Is well; but the
exclusion should be made to cover al
leged olive oil and a number of other
food products.
If the Btage only can hold out a little
while longer it will be all right Mrs.
George O. Ford, who as Miss Florence
Wickes recently eloped and married a
"Wisconsin skating rink manager whom
fche had known only one week, an
nounces that she Is now ready to apply
ioT a divorce and that after she gets
It she proposes to go upon the stage.
That should settle It about a foot
The cosmopolitan Chicago EveDlng
Tost In Its description of the trium
phant return of a Chicago survivor of
the disaster which did not happen to
La Gascogne called attention to the
fact that "the first to embrace him with
true French demonstratlveness were
P. Fallon and Albert S. Loeb." This
becomes more characteristically French
when it Is known that the P. in Mr.
Fallon's Dame stands for Tatay.
If there are Americans who want to
annex something, Newfoundland pre
sent! Just the subject and the present
stte of affairs there the opportunity.
The country Is anxious for annexation.
It baa a trade we want It Is divided
from our continent by only a narrow
trip of water. Its position, at the
mouth of the St Lawrence, make 1U
acquisition highly desirable. It Invites
rational Jingoism.
It la not strange that Emperor Will
lam should be indignant and chagrined
that a Carman crew should have saved
only one woman In a shipwreck when
they managed to save so many of them
selves A court must deal unflinching
ly with the Elbe crew. There la no
longer, don bt or room for doubt that the
gMD did not care for the safety of any
bat tbemselre. The poor girl east
back by tk warea waa nearly poshed
srtaf apar by os acta bearv
less felluWa, while other cried "pu--ti
her oft'." Win-n the fishing smack
picked up the Ix'at, in the bottom of
which Anna Hi acker lay more deal
than alive, the captain had to upix-al
to the one englishman, the pilot, to help
bt-r aboard the -.mack, the other mca
Lot being willing. The Herman steam
ship company cannot afford to lie under
the foul reproach of the conduct of such
men.
That the arid region, if reclaimed,
would Itself till up in the l;.pse of time
Is. of course, obvious, but Judge Kliiorv.
of Kansas. suggests a relieving l'eat:,'e
In the fact that the b.ml I eel.-, iined in
this way would Is- taken up by sir ill
land owners holding many homes The
millions who would work their way
into the new laud would be land-owners
and not wage-earner. The large
f:yms which in the more fertile rcgi. as
huve.ls-en made to assume almost the
nature of agricultural monopolies play
their own part in destroying the eci
nomic welfare of the masses. W ere it
possible to reclaim arid America anl
give It over to the small but prossTo is
farmer the r suit would not only ! a
temporary relief of the crowded labor
market, but a permanent Itcnctit in
the : ; ot bnibliiig up a large jiopulu
tiou of independent laud holders.
That Is a remarkable showing which
Is made by the cigarmakers' Interna
tlonal I'nloti, whose officials have just
reported that luring the year ls'.'4 'lie
union paid out JUMi in strike bone
tits. $lini,T."s in sick beneti's, $t"J.l."s
in deatli U-ti.-tits. and !17 4.."17 for tiie
lieilclit of those out of work. The
whole sum f Is'iielits p'iid out Is $t.'!".
rsV.. It Is to Ik- noied that ot the vari
ous Is'lietils mentioned that which is
credited to strikes is the I. ist. and the
President of the union reports that in
addition to these payments the society
successfully protected the rale of " ages
throughout the great lina.i ial deprc
sioti of :i4. The figures ire -vortli
perusal, not only a 1111 exhliil'h.n of
the beneficial workings ..f mnie .alior
unions, but as au illustration that the
Institution of the labor uui n entirely
apart from tiie Institution of he strike
has Its reasons for being and its func
tions to perform. The labor union
properly operated does more to obvi
ate strikes than to instigate them.
The Pnited States is alone among the
nations of the earth in one particular.
When a member of Parliament dies
his surviving colleagues go oti with
their work and his Interment is left to
his Immediate friends. The nation does
not concern Itself about the dropping
out of one member of its national as
sembly. His work is done. There an
end. In the 1'ntted States, however,
w he:: any member of Congress dies, no
mat! r whether he was worthy or
wor 'il -ss. Congress sets aside a day
whe i 'iiombers who delight to indulge
In elegiac oratory inflict their verbal
dirges upon an empty house. All busi
ness i;' the country, however pressing,
is brought to a standstill while this
luguieions and in many cases bombas
tic :l!l I lleiecorolis service proceeds.
Nor i this all. The speeches delivered
upon an occasion called melancholy are
prinle. i and disseminated al die ex
pense of the 1 'lilted States. Wiio is
there that In tiie course of a long life
has not received some half dozen of
these, and who i there that lias ever
given a moment's perusal to them?
Tills memorial day Is subsequent to the
funeral itself, which is conducted at
the public expense. Members of Con
gress eagerly seek position llKin the
funeral committees because they take
an excursion, sometime across the con
tinent at the public expense an ex
cursion which Is generally turned into
a Junket. The country would do well
to amend Its practices In this regard.
T he grief of the occasion is perfunctory
as a rule and the expense Is enormous.
Keating the Rounds.
In several places In England at Ox
ford and some of the Iymdon parishes,
for Ir: t'mce a singular procession may
be sc:'t: every Ascension Hay. A num
ber of men and boys carrying white
willow wands walk round the bounda
ries of the parish and afterwards dine
together. This custom is called "beat
ing the bounds," and arose In olden
times, when parish or village boun
daries were not so accurately marked
out as they are nowadays. It was once
a great ceremony In country districts.
The choir sang hymns, the parson rea 1
the Gospel for the day under a tree
hence styled the Gospel Tree and oc
casionally boys were whipped, or
thrown Into a river, or bumped against
trees at certain spots, the better to Im
press upon their memories the exact
position of a boundary. This was nil
done In good part, for the lads were re
warded, and during the procession mon
ey and other gifts were distributed
among the poor.
His Real Meaning.
"Poppa, w'at did Jeff'son Hmlf mean,
w'en he tole sister Celestlne she looked
'romantic,' slttin' out dar on de back
po'ch?" asked little Clay Peters.
"Out dar on de back po'ch, las eben
In'?" inquired Mr. Peters, looking in the
direction Indicated, as if for Inspira
tion. "Yeseah." replied little Clay, tils face
alert with curiosity.
"Well," said Mr. Peters, rubbing his
chin thoughtfully; "Jeff'son am younj
an' foolish, an' dere's no telliu' exactly
w'at he meant But w'at he moa' likely
war lutendin' to say war, dat destine
looked rheumatic. Dat," continued Mr.
Peters, raising bis voice, as he caught
sight of the flutter of a pink calico skirt
In the next room, "dat, my son, am
nachelly de way a young female pusson
w'at alts oat on 4e back po'ch ob a cool
ebenln' will look mighty quick, ef she
don' look It already."
woman will aay her boy la bad.
kt she will not allow others to
NOTES OX EDUCATION.
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO PU
PIL AND TEACHER.
How the Voice of the Teachrr Maj
1'rovoht St lu ol room Dituirjrr and
Disobedience -State I niforniitj in
Text liooka Not AIwiom lcirl.lr.
"Tiie fcst-hcMilriWiiu Voice.'
There is no do.ibt whatever that in
many insiaucei the teacher herself
creates in the sclnsd risen the inatleu
tiou. disorder and rebellion which she
is constantly endeavoring to pre-.ent
or remedy What may !e termed the
"school-room voice" Is more provoca
tive of disorder and di.solwdieuce than
all other causes combined.
We are all susceptible to the influ
etice of voiees. Occasionally we hear
one that roust's every element of our
nature into the most violent, and what
often seems the most Jiir-asniable,
antagonism to the speaker. "I itm
never hear that woman speak," said
a bright young college student of one
of her instructors; "that I don't Just
long to cuff her ears; yet she Is otic
of the loveliest ineuilsTS of the fac
ulty." We are all famlllur with that quality
of voice whose effect Is described In
the significant words, "setting one's
tft!i on edge " and really the meta
phorical expression is often l lie literal
truth. We generally eom-elve, too, a
dislike for the person wh se voice Is
not agreeable to us. and are obliged to
Teacher (as a mouse runs across the
1 here's no cause for alarm.
go through an elaborated 'oglcal proc
ess of mind in order to free ourselves
from the prejudice so engendered
fortunate If we can succeed in our en
deavors. Children are even more tutfeejrtlble
to voices than are adults. They are
quickly woj or repelled by them, and
although they are theniselv.-s probably
Ignorant of the cause certain tones
arouse in them an obstinate, sullen
and rebellious spir.t Contempt, too,
for the speak'.r Is sometimes excited,
as in the case of the bad boy tvho whis
pered to his neighbor w hile he pointed
to his "esteemed principal," "Jest hear
her! You might know we'd got com
pany. She's got her dressy tone on."
Tones make far more Impressions
than words. Try to cull a child to you.
aud uo matter what hard words you
use to him if the tone Is a caress'ng one
he readily responds to It Call him
the most endearing terms in a harsh
tone and he !s effectually repelled.
We hear persons talking in un adjoin
ing room. Perhaps not a word of their
conversation is Intelligible to us, yet
we confidently assert, "They are very
angry," or, "They are very much
amused," or, "Somebody is in trouble."
A good voice Is "an excellent thing"
In either man or woman, but to the
teacher It seems to be one of the essen
tial elements of success. The sus
ceptibility to Its influence uion the
part of the child, the fact that he can
not escape from It no matter how irri
tating It may be, and the necessity for
the teacher to be talking during the
greater part of the time, nil emphasize
the necessity for the tone to be au
agreeable at any rate, not a disagree
able one.
There are many teachers who con
tend that pleasant tones ire Impossi
ble In the school room; not that they
are not desirable, but that the large
ness or the noisiness of the room, the
Inattention or disorder of the pupil,
make the use of them out of the ques
tion. Such teachers believe and main
tain that It Is only loud, hard and sharp
tones that can have the effect of secur
ing the attention or quelling the dis
order of a room full of children, and
regulated their voices on that assjmp
tlon. There could not be a greater mis
take made.
Moreover, no bad quality of voice
can be constantly nsed without Its
having a bad physical effect upon the
speaker. A natural tone la always sn
agreeable tone. Natural voices can
ever, at least, give offense, although
some possess far more sweetness than
others. A hard, sharp or nasal ton
Is tadlcatloa of a wrong use of the vo-
' . -
aod this wrong list parnst.
e.t 'n .i"duce iDcalciul le inj.iry to
l be throat an' lungs T at ners, more
than any other class of persons, are
pmne to this misuse of the vt.i.-e and
the collseqriellt physical suffering and
cisuiiilny.
"How tenele-r should till;" -.MI be
considered in a subsequent article. It
Is cei lam thai they should Is- -iHe to
talk easily, to talk agreeably, to talk
in sin h a way as to produce no iujury
to the .cal organs, aud at the same
ti'io- to do this talking - a vit amount
of which i- so in-cess iry- in a way to
sc. ire attention, command 'c n-ct.iind
qiii' t disorder. All this is a very easy
thing to do provided the te-e-her k'iow
as she should know-luw lo ui it.
The School Journal.
Old Time V h. To-day,
Tin- Maine sehoolboy w ii.) hanged
himself because his leach T scolded III IIJ
1'iilst have bis'ii extremely eiiliive.
The old way was to put iacis in tiie
teacher's chair or to lay for ' il l 1--b'nd
a woodpile with t Int. tlor.cn
waler-soaked snowballs whe;; he went
Icune from school at nigh'. lioslou
Globe.
Tent of the Teacl.tr.
The test of the teacher is eflii ieticy.
Not the showing he is able to make in
an examination, but the final result he
can produce ill the character of those
who come from under Ids hand. ThU
efficiency is not the sort that can be
counted upon always to work un in
crease of salary. Hut to leave a last
ing mark on the mind and character of
a pupil is tiie unmistakable sign of the
real teacher. And the source of
floor) Now, keep your seats, children i
this tower lies not In the teach
er's acquirements, but dis-juT In
the very liber of his character.
"Words have weight when there Is a
man behind them," said the prophet of
Concord. It Is the man or woman be
hind the Instruction that makes the
real teacher a great deal more thun a
mere Instructor. Kd ward Kgglestou.
rung of the Si hoolma'mn.
Talk. talk. talk.
To your Tommy and Harry and flick.
"Mural suasion" thpm till
You could wish with a w ill
For the reign of the old-fashioned stick.
Talk, talk, talk,
And endeavor to vocally prod, 31 -
To the virtuous way. "
The bad boys that each dny
Need a dose of the old-fashioned rod.
Talk, talk, talk.
Hut the boy of tiMlay is uo fool, -
And "suspension" ' a jest
A vacation a rest
From the arduous duties of beliool.
Talk, tulk, talk,
As they struggle with needle and threni'
How to hem and to fell
And to back stitch you tell,
Though to seamstress' trade you're not
bred. . -
-
Talk, talk, talk.
With a class of but twenty or less,
One with fingers and mind
I'nto sewing inclined
Might secure a good lesson, I guest
Talk, talk, talk.
With a roomful of sixty or more,
Such a lesson that might - " t.
He a source of delight
Just becomes a detestable bore.
Talk, talk, talk,
We are patching old garments with nsw.
It is really too bad,
Hut to match this new fad
All our schools should be changed through
and through.
Talk, talk, talk.
But oh, where on the face of the globe,
Tell me where I can find
Me s new-fangled mind, "
And the patience ascribed unto Job.'
Talk, talk, talk,
And tben read the new rules of tha board.
If you venture to kick
You'll be dropped, oh, so quick-
Ly, and that you can hardly afford.
A curiosity arrived In Baltimore on a
ship Just from Hong Kong. It was a
"chow" dog said to be the kind the
Chinese raise to be eaten.
Birds are covered with feathers be
cause those combine the highest degree
of warmth with the least weight
HELPFUL FARM HINTS
SUGGESTIONS FOR THE AGRI
CULTURIST AND STOCKMaN.
A Farmer' Refutation for Honesty
I Worth Kvt r) thing Komi of
Churn tljat I Ktremcl- Popular
Hundy Hoisting It-vice.
Atioe the Aerune.
Th-- fat liter w ho Is content w Ith aver
ii ge crop- -old in the average condition
must ac-t pt oi ly average price-. He
who pri"!'!'v ati.'. thing and puts It on
tie market in pri.iie condition is 1he
oi.e who i going to make sales first
and get top prices. The aveiage man
cuiiies ali-iie 1 1 ! .-r. No matter what you
I. live to -ell put it in tiie best possible
coiidiu ui for market and -co to it that
you can adopt H.e same raiio thai we
oin-e saw in a barrel of apples in the
Last. When the l.ead was taken out
of tint barrel tie re was exposed a
printed slip wl.ii h said: "This package
was ptoilueii! ai. d packed by John
inith, wlio guarantees that when you
see the top you see the whole." The
commissi..!! man told us he never had
any trouble with anything that man
sent 'n. for Ids repiiiutioii l ad lieen
made. He not only packed his fruit and
vegetables ill the let lllllllller. but Sot t
ed the sizes, an. I when the package was
opened the buyer knew Just w hat to ex
poet from top to bottom. We know a
f irmer w ho takes his grain to market
and dumps it wherever the buyer tells
him to. niid is then asked how uiauy
bushels he has. His grain is never look
ed al nor weighed by the man who has
bought it for years; If it Is not In good
condition he Insists on Inspection, but ,
if he knows It is all right he unloads j
i .. , H 1 1
and get- hi- pay. A reputation of that ,
kind is worth more than a good farm,
for it brings a greater return. Honesty
is not only the best pi lley, but It Is ab
solutely necessary to linal success.
Carelessness Is the costliest habit a far
mer can fall into, and trickery, while
It may seem to succeed for a lime, must
cost more than it comes to lu t lie end.
Tartu News
A Hiirrel Churn.
The Illustration from 'in exchange
shows a favoilte form of churn where
the work Is all done at home by hand.
Nobody who Is anybody now uses the
old fashioned dasher churn. It Is too
b.n k breaking. It explains Itself. t
THK llAlini.l. (Ht lt.v.
swings and oscillates and brings the
butter. Whether one Is a believer or
disbeliever ill washing butter, lie Will
stop churning when the butter Is lu the
granular state, the size of grains of
wheat. Then the buttermilk is drawn
carefully off. Some good butter makers
dash water cooled to (!2 degrees upon
the grains of butter and then turn the
barrel claim over a dozen times more.
Although i lie churns usually do lot
provide for it it is well to have a
strainer of somewhat coarse wire be
neath the buttermilk vent to cat eh the
lumps of butter that would .ith ;r wise
go out with the milk.
WindlaHtt for l)roHinic Href.
When cat tie are killed on the farm
It is usually a diflleult matter to hoist
the carcass in order to skin and dress
It proM'ily. lilock and tackle are
often not at hand, and even when
readily obtainable, the place where the
bi-ef must be killed frequently does
not have u Hiipiort high enough or
strong enough to hold the heavy ani
mal clear of the ground. The hoisting
device shown In the accompanying
illustration from the American Agri
culturist Is unexcelled for simplicity,
cheapness and adaptation to farm
butchering. Where other devices use
HAXDV HOISTING DKVH K.
complicated windlasses or long levers
for hoisting, this differs from all of
them in simply using the gambrel
stick for a windlass, and the hock
Joints for the bearings In which it
revolves. As the supiortliig ropes may
be fastened to any strong, hifh object,
the plan may be used with any gam
brel stick by Imring holes and Insert
ing short lever arms. The illustration
shows It used with an ordinary der
rick of three legs bolted together at
the top. The supporting roiiea are
fastened to the two outer legs, thus
suspending the carcass, and are wound
around the gambrel stick windlass.
Early Tomatoes.
Esrly tomatoes bring high prices.
One way to get them Is to begin now,
and sow the seed In a boi, keeping the
box In a suitable place In the bouse.
When the plants are large enough
transplant them to a cold frame out-
Islde which Is carefully protected and
-7- y
mm m
w-ll cov.-red. to keep out the frost. In
the prop.tr x-asoii put il- plains in the
..pt n gn.tii.d Care will have to b
iis,.i. as the plants are quickly In
jured by cold.
Ti c- ;rae A polc-OaM.
l.'verv now and then a piragMpli ap
pears 'in the papers, sajs Median's
Monthly, about a grape vine v. Inch has
wonderfully produced '.ickorv nuts!
The suppose. fact has cV II been used
to pmve that pollen has au imcie li ile
inHiience In modifying lia raepr
of a fruit! If any one would only take
the trouble to cut one a io-s. he would
see into the little i I :ie;. N the Insects
have made for themselves. The gall is
formed by a small lly of '
(Vcidomyla. It Is a remarkable fact
that each species of the gall fly family
has its own form of the gall. In some
way tills results from the varying pow
er which obstructs the growth energy.
A large rock falling Int a stream turns
a larger find differently formed current
than a smaller one. The acid deposit
ed by one Insect is more or less obstruc
tive to the formative energy than the
acid of another. T his is only the gen
eral principle. No one. so far a the
writer knows, lias workej 'l.e .natter
out lu detail.
Obi Clover Feel. i
We have sown clover seed that we
know was three years old, and it t anm
up as thickly ns seed that was of the
previous year's growth sown in the
same field. The old seed is lighter ill
color, a keeping It exposed to light for
a long time lias faded it, but its germi
nating j vers ate not impaired. We
havp no doubt flint clover seed retains
its vitality much longer than this.
Wherever a crop of clover seed IsgroiMI
the seed remains In the ground, as a
good deal of it always shells while It
Is belli" V.rv sled. Mich fields produce
. . i . my year" after without
i;g. Vc" i ' n during the
u . I. i lover seed must
' . M't with water In
t : -Uo.
tie ,-trh
;; 1 seeiil that It could
i having swollen until
ilv io germinate: hut the
facts show that the seed Is not Injured
by several repetitions of this process,
or else that the clover seed, like some
others. Is slightly oily, and 'inly germi
nates when it Is moistened near-lise
surface of the soil and under favora
ble conditions for light and warmth.
A merieiin Cultivator.
Carrot s Teed.
Carrots are highly relished by horses.
A few carrots. f.-d raw, after being
sliced, will prove a delicacy to cows,
and fed once a day they will promote
the appetite and keep the animals In
good condition when other foods may
nol be acceptable. Carrots are used
by some dairymen as a regular food
for cow:-., In order to give a deeper coin
to the b tier, and are highly esteemed
by them for that purpose. Cooked ami
thickened with bran they make au ex
cellent mess when fed warm on a cold
day.
A Stone I.atbler.
To assist In loading stones, we have
found the simple ladder shown in the
accompanying Illustration of consid
erable value, s.iys an pvhange. It
r
Hon iminvn tom s.
consists of two strong oak pules Joined
by means of a 1 Inch pin a foot from
each end. The mles are about three
Inches In diameter. Place one end of
the ladder on the ground and the other
on the wagon and It Is ready for use,
and saves lots of lifting.
Linseed Meal.
This Is recognized In stoci feeding a
a valuable food article. In protein
nutrients, those parts of greatest valuo
In a food article, It is second only to
cotton seed meal. At the same time It
Is a food that from its oleaginous nature
has a healthful effect on the digestive
organs of the animals to which It Is fed.
The large proportion of food nutrient
contained, together with the healthful
effect of the same, renders this artlela
especially desirable.
Note.
The harrow and the roller ar
among the most Important of the farm
tools. Without the liberal Use of la,th
the small grain crops can hardly b
put In properly.
Chnreoal Is almost a necessity for
hogs.. It cost Is but little, and all that
Is required Is to place a large piece
in the pen dally, as1 the hogs will easily
crush It for their use.
In some classes of farm products
overproduction ha not so much to do
with the depression of prices as has
poor quality. This applies equally
to products so widely different as
cattle and fruit.
From the time an egg dropped un
til It be consumed It loses both bulk
and weight. This process gon 0D
much more rapidly 0 hot weather
hence the difficulty of procuring fresh
eggs In summer. When this evapora,
tion can be effectually stopped the en
remains sound and good for a rnit
length of time.
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