The Sioux County journal. (Harrison, Nebraska) 1888-1899, April 12, 1894, Image 7
Tbs) discovery of Iodine was inril!i tally made by Courtoii, a French so; maker, who found lite new subsUi.ca. In the aah of seaweed. Mr. McCorkle was showing some vis itor! over the bouse. Arriving at Hie nursery, be remarked, "This, gentle men, ii the bawlroora." Emperor William of German? hat approved the design of a new decora tion of the royal protector of Prussian Freetnaaoot. Tbe design consists of a red cross with an eye in each corner. 29 Cannot Say Enough IS Praise of Hood's "C.I Hood A Co . Maat.! "ientlemen: I leel that Ic-innot writ words which will aprak highly enough of llood'a Sr aaparllla. 1 ran tell my f rlaml what It did for me a good deal better than 1 can write It. Hut 1 wili limply atate that It cured me of a very w-vi re cae of catarrh after the phynlrlaii (tiled to help me Italao cured nijf huaiiand of rheutnatlim of wrloua na'tire a year ago. Four bottlea of Hood'iHamaparllla eileclcd. A Perfect Cure In Ilia cane. 1 think llood'a Karaparllla 1 the leat uprliig medicine that can pe found. We have nwl It In our family five reara, and would Dot do without It. I am very thankful Hood's5 Cures to ou fir the blutmllnr thli nillclnr had bnen to Ui. Every Kittle la worth ll wclghtlx! gold. "jj nra. J.n. uuikax. ai aia.ia Ave . Detroit, M ch. H are to Rat Ho da. llood'a Pllla are pmmpt and efficient, yet eay In action. Sold by all druggtuta. '.'.V. ELY'S CATARH CREAM BALM f LVS W1 -1 Cleanara th Nasal l'nMa(p, Allaya Pain and inflammation, Heals the Sores. Restores the Senses of Tame and Smell. .L 4 HEADS TRY THE CUBE. H AY'FEVER A particle In applied into rowh nostril and n agreeable. I'rlm l renl nt f iniirtrl.ui. or by mail. KLV HKDTIIKUS. Hi Warruu St.. Mow Yurk. It will, perhaps, require a little stretch of toe imagination on Uw part of the reader to reoscBisa tbe fact that tbe two portrait at th baad of this article are of the same in dividual ; and yet they are truthful sketches made from photographs, taken only a few months apart, of a vary much eateemed citi stn of Ullnola Mr. C. H. Harris, whose ad drsai is Mo. 1,914 Second Avenue, Rock Ialaad. ILL Tbe following extract from a let ter written by Mr. Harris explains the mar. vtlous cbann in his personal aprnarance. H e write i " rr. Pierce's Ooldm Medical Dia oovery saved my life and has made me a man. My bom ph vsiclan says I am good for forty years yat You will remember that I was just between life and death, and all of tcy friends ware sure it was a esse of death, until 1 commenced taking a secaud bottle of ' Uolden Medical Diaoovery,' when I became able to sit up and the oough was very much Voter, and th binding from my lung slopped, and before I bad taken sis bottles of tba " Ooldeo Medical Discovery1 my ooagh seAaed and I was a new man and ready for business. I now feel that It la a duty that I owe to mv feUow-enen to recommend to them the fJolrlao Metueal DUcoverv 1 which saved my ife when doctor and all other medicines failed to de toe any good. I send to yon with Ms Iswer two of my p jotogrsphs ; om taken a few weak before I wastakMi down sick la bed, and the other r im take after I waa wall." These two pho tigraphs are faithfully re-produced at tbe bad of that article. Mr. Harris's i parlance in the use of " Gkild sa Madisal Oiseeverv" la not an exceptional ne. Thousands of atnlnant people in all airts of the world tsattfr, in just a emphatic ingaaga, to its marvalons curative powers, ,er all ofarooie bronchial, throat and lung ssasss, ohronle nasal catarrh, asthma, and kiedred ssasss. nslnsnt pkrsioUns prescribe "Oolden MsdUal Oissersry" when any of their dear sW sVres are Inipsrilled by that dread dis ease. flosMSaawtaoa. Under swofa eircum- staiMssf only most reliable remedy would he dfBsaaiB rUaotns. I 1 tmoa. The roliowlng letter is to It la from an eminent phy ststan of Ussraj, Ufaywtto Co., a.k " t. : ul lmmjwwu sv.a s a. ua wmj MtMMon Is bersdJUry In my wife's r fosse have already died with the dhv "r Mr wife has a slater, Mrs. Iketii Zid Pr. Pierce's Ooklen Medical DleooT- i, ta the svpnse ot ner many trunos, wsat My wife has also bad hem from the lungs, and her sister In- oa hir using tbe ' Oolden Hoillcal Dit- 1) J rCiZjy vrS.J.H.G "in x v r ruasj r, j m sav- irruEnsii . Do not approach contagious disease with an empty slomitch nor all between tbe sick and the lira, because the heal attracts the vapor. Preventatives ar preferable to pill or powder. Three fourths of the earths surface cannot be cultivated on account ol mountain ranges, deserts, swamps and barren ground. In southern California there is an immense mass of hardened lava that looks exactly like an inverted cap in an enormous saucer. THE EVOLUTION Of medkuinal agent is gradually relegat ing tbe old-time herbs, pill, draughts and vegetable extracts to tbe rt-ar and bring ing into general use the pleasant and ettwtive liiuiil laxative, Byrnp of Figs. To get the trne rented r ace that it is man ufactured by the California Fig Syrup Co. only. For sule by ad 1 ading druggists. Mining engineer now use photog raphy to illustrate their reports by pre senting pictures of leges and other features of the mines. A Bad Picture. The next time yon arc in a melan cliuly mood, as you are almost eeuiia to be if you become bilious or dvHpetrtio, picture to yourself the condition of a pool man who, without resources and with a family on his hand, fir.ds himself on a nick bed. Gloom obscures his narrow hori zon in every direction. L'nab.e to do any work, without means or friends capable of assisting hi , with the possible pros pect of continued ill health: with rent, perhaps, unpaid and unpayable, the out look for, him, is gloomy' indeed. How shortsighted, then, is the man of horrible means who perceiving that lit - health and strength are failing takes no precaution to avert the oncoming evil. Hostetter'i Stomach Hitters is a reliable, profession ally recommended restorative of health and vigor, and a sure means of preventing the many disabling complaints which ex posure, overwork, neglect and insuHlcient food produce. Malaria, rhenmatism, kid ney and liver complaint, dyspepsia and nervous disease always yield to it. Syrt has a single mil road, the one rail being laid on a wall of masonry. Coughs, Hoarseness, Sore Throat, etc., iiiiickly relieved by Dhows'" IfHONCiiiAL Tk'h iiks. They sin-pass all other prepa rations in removing hoarseness, and as a cough rrmtdtj arc pre-eminently the bett. Farmers in Texas, alter experiment ing four years, have at hast succeded in raising very fair tobacco. AN 11-INCH HTKAWHERKT. Who would believe it? Strawberries as large as apples -vot it is so. Salzer's catalogue is b infill of the rarest kinds of hardy, Irotu'lal fruits, such aa htrawberrlos, currants, blackborrien, raapliori-ioM, apples, punches, pears, nuts, etc. (iranei! We t-hould say so J as larg.) and luscious as tho cele j liratcd gra)K!8 on tho Ithino In (ier ! many. I . on W ill f at This Out anil HpmcI It. ! With 5"c to tho John A. S;ilzer Seed Co., Lit Crosse, Wis., you will receive their email fruit giants) Kleacrnus ljongiiios, a Giant Ktruw tjrrv, a Giant Go e berry and a Coloa al Mulberry, in all four plants all beautifully illus trated in their ma'nmoth catalogue, which is -;nt alorir for the 5oo, or cat alogue alone, So postage. C covcry.' I -oonsented to her using it, and it cured her. She has bad no symptoms of con sumption for the past six years. People having this disease can take no better rem edy. " i ours very truiy, Prom tbe Buckeye State comes tbe follow ing : " I was prooouaced to have consump tion by two of our beet doctors. I spent nearly $.100, and was no better. I concluded to try Dr. Pierce's Oolden Medical Discovery. I bought and used eight bottles and I can now say with truth that I feel lust as well to-day as I did at twenty-five, and can do just as good a day's work on the farm, although I bad not done any work for several years." Truly, your friend, Mr. Dulaney's address is Campbell, Ohio, " I bad catarrh In the head for years and trouble with my left lung at the same time. You put so much faith in your remedies that I concluded to try one bottle or two, and I derived much benefit therefrom. I used up three bottles of Dr. Hage's Catarrh Remedy, five bottles of your " Oolden Medical Discov ery," and in four months I was myself again. I could not sleep on my left side, and now I can sleep and eat heartily. 8o long as I have your meiUdnes on hand I have no need of a doctor : I do not think my bouse in order without them. Yours truly, Marlow, Baldwin Co., Ala. If It would be any more convincing, we could easily fill the columns of this paper with letUm testifying to the cure of too severest disomies of the throat, bronchia and Imngs, by tbe use of " Uoldeu Medical Diaoovery To build up uUd JUtk and ntrength after the grip, pneumonia, ("lung fever";, eshausing fevers, and other prostrating diseases, it has no equal. It dose not make fat like cod liver oil and Its nasty compounds, but solid, whole sorns leak. A complete treatise on Throat, Bronchial, maladies, will be mailed to any address by the World's Datmnsary Medical Association of Buffalo, If. T., on receipt of sis osnta in stamps, to pay postage AGRICULTURAL NEWS A FEW SUGGESTIONS FOR OUR RURAL READERS. Bow Poor Lauid Star Be Improved-Well Ammcaxi ttovaea Hlow-feeding- Max fur Veroctoa llor-To Make Icbm I'oala Umrabla farm Mota. Feeding Box for Vorarlona Rone. Many horses are such rapid eater that much of tbe oats and other grain enters the stomach without being Lrokeo, and a osequently pas es oft undigested. The feed box llus trated herewith, obvlats this dilB culty. Tbe Improvement coQsisU in simply attaching a small box, c to the outside of a common feed box, a slot being cut into the feed 1 ox prop er, at a. It Is plain that grain placed In the box c will follow the inclined bottom of the box, and gradually fall Into the feed box, but only as fast as It is removed from the aperture a by the animal feeding. It Is a simple and very effective ar rangement, and hhould find a lace In many stables. It saves grain by causing the animal to feed slowly, without throw ng the grain, m many horses da Improving; Foor Land. If a man understands the methods necessary to accomplish it, and has the time and capital to devote to that purpose, there Is profit In buy iDg worn lands at a low price and bringing them up to a state of pro ductiveness at which they can be cropped. One way of helping run down land so that profitable crops can be raised Is by applying com mercial fertilizers. These, If prop erly used, will very often materially Increase the growth and yield of crops, but It Is questionable if they add any appreciable ermanent fer tility to '.he soil. There is one way, however, by which the use of this class of fertilizers can be made an ad vantage, and that is by Increasing the yield of the crop for which It is especially applied. A larger amount of feed may thug be procured, and t,n 8 afford i an opportunity for mak ing more manure, and the more ani mal manure that can be procured the better Is tbe chance for the perma- Lnent upbuilding of the solL Clover is one of the best materials that caa be used to Improve the land, and where this can be grown the soil Is not past redemption, but some soils will not grow clover. It has become so devoid of vegetable matter that the clover plant will starve out, and In thH case either of two plans can be followed one i to use n rnmercial Icrtlli.crs and tho other is to seed to rye, and as soon as a reasonably good growtn i-ei ured j.low under and sow to buckwheat. It Is not to be expected mat land so poor that it will not grow clover will have suffi cient available plant food to grow evi'n a fair crop of rye, but the plow ing In ol even a light growth will supply some vegetable matter, arid generally suilicient to make a crop of buckwheat procure a fair growth. l ulladelphia inquirer. Well A'-'i anifcd Hoiim4. In independent bouses there Is ab solutely no Bi'iie in being obliged to go through any room to get Into an other. Only the most fauliy archi tecture makes this possible. With suilicient ground . ace the hall should be so planned that every room is ac cesslb.e ironi it, and under no cir cumstances should angles and ru -board.; be permitted to shut off the easy entrance from this main artery or the dwelling. As plans now nr It Is quite the usual thing to go through tbe dining room from kitchen to sitting room, and in some cases the bath room Is reached only by pas-ing through a kitchen or sitting room, This is among the most awkward of arrangements, and can only be ac counted for on the theory that who ever planned the place( must have been an amateur of the' most ama teurish sort In a case In po nt the hath room opens out nf the kitchen, all travel to It must be from parlor through sitting room and dining room The changing of a single partition would I rovide a hall quite wide enough to alTo d entry to this necessary acces so y. There Is urgent need of reform In building plans. Chimneys for winter II res are put on the outside of the house, where a great port on of the heat Is wasted on outdoor air. Chim neys for the kitchen range comes up between two of the best bedrooms, and the summer o cu pants thereof suffer tortures n conse iucnce. When people g't wise enough to make pro visions for keeping In the warmth In winter and letting It out In summer they will have learned some things or which they seem at present pro foundly ignorant New York Led ger. 1 Itoua-h Harks On Old Trem. It fruit trees are properly cared for there will tie no rough bark on them, even niter thev grow old. Thrifty growth causes the tree to slough olt the dead unused growth In which sap docs not circulate. Make the trees thrifiy by liberal feeding, and there will he no rough bark on them to furnish a harlwr for the codling moth. ' tripping the rough bark from the tiioie iiees will doubtless exoose many to FEED BOX cocoons of this insect and Insure their Ue-ir..ctloii. as tney will perish when drenched by the spring rains, as they most certainly will be If un covered from their hiding place. We do not regard this rough bark aa of much advantage for protecting tbe ' trunks of trees from cold in winter or tbe sun's rays at all seasons. If it were necessary young trees would be i easily injured, whereas they are generally more healthful than are old ! trees. In Case of Polaonlng. In poisoning by opium strong cotlee should be given, uhe victim be ing kept roused and awake, if possi ble, until medical aid may be ob tained. Tbe antidotes to arsenic are table spoon ful doses of dialyzed iron, mag nesia and castor oil. t artjolic acid: Give a taolespoon ful or Kpbom salts stirred In water, and repeat Oxalx acid: Give chalk, lime, water or raagDesla freely. ( orrosive sublimate: White of egg and milk In quantities. In poisoning by acid the use of alkalis Is Indicated, as soda, mag nesia, chalk lime, and soapsuds. When the m schief has been wrought by strong alkalis acid must be used, as vinegar, lemon juice, or bard elder. When the mucous membrane of the lonuth is much inflamed or de stroyed, give raw eggs, flour stirred in water, flaxseed tea, arrowroot, or any soothing drink. Stimulation can be applb-d by means of hot water bottles or bags to the feet, and over tbe heart, and by rubbing the ex tremetius. Alcoholic stlruulents should be administered very cau tiously. Dairymen Arouaed. The movement to perfeet a nat:onal orgam.ation of dairymen for the purpose of regulating or if possible a olishing tbe manufacture and sale of the fraudulent compounds called dairy goods, Is a commendable un dertaking and should be prosecuted with vigor. There Is no more reason for allowing the rich packers to H 1 the pure products of the farm with their cheap and filthy refuse than to permit the counterfeiter to till the gold or silver coins with a supurious metal by which to defraud the people. It does not seem possi ble that the honest producers would have quietely submitted to the rob bery during the years that are past, and If they continue it, would not complain of the ruinously low prices to which they must continue to su -mlt Did the consumers know that they were eating butterine they would rise up In rebellion. 1 ccause the stuff is natural in smell and taste there is nothing to arouse susplc on, and the i onsumption increases. (irowliiB; Peas In Orchards. I The pea cro i Is a soil renovator, with the advantage over clover for orchards that it does not drain the soil o moisture during summer, but , helps rather to keep the surface moist ana easily permeable to all t e rain that falls. '1 he pea crop gathers ' nitrogen from the atmosphere, and when the crop Is fed off by hogs, the pea vines make an excellent cheap and rich mulch. With a diet of peas and fallen apples hog-; always thrive and the pork thus made has a arger proportion of lean meat than has pork made from a corn diet Griod Seed. It is an axiom that poor seed with out costing anything is always dearer than the best at high prices. This Is especially true of the cabbage. It is easy and inexpensive to grow roor seed. Any stump from which the head has been cut will send upshoots and seed abundantly. Hut very little of this seed will produce good heads. The right way to grow cabbage seed Is to select the best heads and plant them with root una head attached. The seed thus grown will be plump, and will produce plants that hejd well. t'on b'inn Cheek Ite-lna. Over Ave hundred veterinary sur ueons have signed a paper condem ning t:ght check reins, t-o painful to horses, and causing distortion of the wind, ipe to such a degree as to im pede respiration. Paralysis of the muscles of the face, megrims apo plexy, coma, and inflammation are some of the res ilts. Uy holding the head upward, it puts the muscles of the neck on a constant strain, and exposes the eyes to the direct rays of the sun. Aicrloulta-'e. Plant both fruit and ornamental trees; also shrubs and vines. Fekd fowls systematically two or three times a day, summer and w:ntcr. Ir Is estimated that of the world's population, 280,000,000 are farmers, representing a capital of -.:, tmo.o k -000, with its annual production of j $20,000,000,000, ; Hkim m lk is of value in stock feed ing, but never at Its best when fed alone. Use It in combination witu bran, meal, or even whole corn, and you will get the best price for it Akkanuk the windows in stables so that the light will not fall directly Into the eyes of the stock, and tho ventilation so that the animals will at no time be exposed to a direct dra ight. Have a sepcrate room for dairy : work on the farm. A cellar which contains fruit, vegetables, etc., Is a ! poor place to keep butter, milk, and ' cheeso. All dairy products tako up foreign odors readily. Anyonk who will observe tho beauty and f avor of the strawberry would surely bo convinced that It takes abundance of rich food to (pro duce them, and that few soils contain this food in sufficient quantities, and must be or should be suppl ed by manure. Highest of all in Leavening Power. Latest U. S. Gov't Report MM I i v Absolutely pure Spoons of wood, horn, metal or stoue have been made in every country from pre-bistoric ages. Wind, which destroyes blossoms and imature fruit, is the great enemy of the coffee tree in Ceylon. There is little danger of discovering your identity if you blow your nose in the dark unless everybody knows your blow. The tifst harp was a tortoise shell with a string tied across it. Lake George bas hitherto been well protected by law in respect to lisbing but the last New York legislature passed an act perrulttinir spearing in winter and fishing through tbe ice, and it Is claimed now that the result of this will be to clean out the fish rapidly. Pimples and a muddy condition of tbe skin must be helped from interna' remedies. For the annoying small holes in tbe nose use an astringent in tbe form of a toilet vinegar eau de cologne sprinkl ed in face bath or a few drops of the tincture of benzion. Rider Haggard has taken to farming m the Waveney valley, England and he is said to be so scientillc that his crops are worth about one-quarter of what they cost him. Life-savers on the French coast are hereafter to be aided by trained dogs. About two hundred different pt-rsons handle a pair of kid gloves ere they are completely made. Three-fifths of the pneumonia and pleurisy cases among males, are due to tbe wearing of low-cut waistcoats. The green aunts of Australia make nests of leaves', which they bend to gether and unite with a kind of natural glue St. Petersburg has the largest room in the world unbroken by pillars. It is a drill hall, and measures 620 by 150 feet. m rianifold Disorders Slight impurities, if not corrected, develop into serious maladies. To CuT Scrofula, Eczema, Rheumatism and other troublesome diseases is required a safe and reliable remedy purely vegetable. Such is S. S. S. It removes all 1m puritie from the blood' and thoroughly cleanbes the system. Thousands of oaaas of the worst forms of blood diseases have been Cured by Bead for our Treatise, sent free to any Increased Appeiife is one of the first good effects felt by users of Scott's Emulsion of cod-liver oil with Ilypophos phites. Good appetite begets good health. Scott's Emulsion is a fat food that provides its own tonic Instead ot a tax up on appetite and digestion it is a wondertul help to both. Scott's Emulsion ar rests the progress of Consumption, Bron chitis,' Scrofula, and other wasting diseases by raising a barrier of' healthy Hesh, strength and nerve. Praparad bjhoott A Bowne. N. Y. All lnicif' Unlike the Dutch Process No Alkalies OR Other Chemicals are nscvl in tbe preparation of W. BAKER & CCS reakfastGocoa which it abtnlvtely pure and soluble. I It baa tnorethan three timet i the ttremjth it Cocoa mixed i Willi Starch. Arrowroot or ' Suirar. and ffl far more rco- Domical, costing lets than one cent a cup. It Is delicious, liouriMitnir, and kaiulT digested. Sold bytirorn ererrwhfre. W. BAKEH & C0., Eurchester, Hau. IIYlMVIFC CANNOT 8FE HOW Y0D DO !lfetW J IT AMD PA? FRtlBHT. VIA Dun mr f 4r.wr wtlnut of mi ls VrTpnivM High Am fHnfj-wtaf michlM finely ttbktierl . Market n I a ted . svdftDi4 t llrhl 4 heiTf wurki rnrmniHd for lOTsini with Nt of HliltMbsj)Uiblrrwd wbtr M ft Dtt Trial. No nniMV rnulrl la tstt-artM. H,900bow la ow World1! fftir Medal awaMd ntcblaa and attach Mania. Bay from factor and Htt Vtlr't and agent' profit. pqpp (Ml TblaOnl and aad toda for marlifna or lrpt fra ntt Uor9, testimonial ani (jmntaor Ih- WnrM' Fait. OH 0M Mf 0. CO. 3ia WHuk in. CHICAGO.ILU PATENTS sal PENSIONS leeirta No advance faa. Fitzgerald 4 Co., "ithaod G," Wanhington, 1. U i BmSrN IkSod! Cat 1 1 I I latima Solo y arawalata 1 I fal I '.'I t) mi hem I Bar Mi Tbe Western Union Telegraph com pany consumes 1,000,000,000 envelopes a year. HOW VChir DELIGHTFUL. "What cl.ai tiling weather,'' we all say in the opening days ot the eariy spring; thee off go i tie wraps the wraps and up go the windows to let the balmy air corns in with it comes in numerous things that ought to lie kept out. We feel sore from stif fened limbs, and many go toitering around with lame backs. Mr. Harry Williams, Greenville, Cat, under oath writes on this subject as follows: A lady suffered so severely with oains in the back for two days that she could not sit up. One application of St. Jacobs Oil gave the sufferer a good night's rest, and in the morning she was well." That was charming. Deafness Cannot be Cured by local applications, as thpy cannot reach tlie dirCiiscd portion of the ear. There il only one wav to cure deafness, and that it by constitutional remedies. Deafness u caused bv an inflamed condition of th nmcons lining of th- Eustachian Tube When this ube gets inflamed you have a rumbling: sound or imperlect hearing, ami when ittaentirley closed deafness is th.' result and unless the itiflamation can bii taken out aud this tube restored to its nor mal condition, hearing will be destroyed forever; nine cases out of ten are caused bv catarrh which is nothing but an inflamed condition of the mucous surfaces. We will give One Hundred Dollars 'or any case of Deafness (caused by catarrh) that cannot be cured by Hall's Catarrh Cure. Send for circulars', tree. F. J. CHENEY & CO.. Toledo, O. Bold by Drnggists, 75cts. A short absense quickens love; a long abfense kills it. Mlraban. (lilloh's Consumption Cure is sold on a guar antee. It cures Incipient Consumption. It is the best Cough Cure. '.'Scents, AO cents aud f 1.00. The telescope was discovered by the children of a lensmaker, who were playing with a couple of lenses. See "Colchester's" Spading Boot Ad. in other column. Dr. Schliemann found in the ruins of Troy pottery vessels that had been care fully turned on a wheel. wmmi An occasioned by n Impure and Im poverished condi tion of tbe Blood. S. S. 5. addraas SWIFT SPECIFIC SO., Atlanta, fii m w. t,. ioi;glas 3 SHOE equals custom work, costing from rsMfc.S to ocst value lor tne money the world. Name and price WET, stamped on the bottom. Every pair warranted. 1 ake no substi. bee local pnoers tor tult Tth description ot" our complete lines ior ladies ana gen tlemen or send lor - Iitfitrated Catalogue giving in struction 9 how to or der by mail. Potatre free. Vou can get the best bargains of dealers who push our shoes. COLCHESTER '! SPADING BOOT. BEST IN MARKET BEST IN FIT, BUST IN WX1E1NO QUALITY. The outer or tap aole extends the whole length down to the heel, protecting the hoot In digging and In otht-T hard work. ASK YOUIt ORALIS roa thsm, and don't be put off with Inferior gooda. COLCHESTER RUBBER CO. caw.... .... -3 ik ,',:, BEST LINE TO DENVER AND CALIFORNIA X. N. U. Mo. 818-15. York, Keb. 'IMIKN WKITINO TO ADVKRTIAlCli ' plreav aay jroo saw the advertisement, in thla paper.