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About The American. (Omaha, Nebraska) 1891-1899 | View Entire Issue (April 22, 1898)
THE AMERICAN n i I Fact Inniijin-ates It Presenting MiaKtr KooJ farJ Ills Passport. A RfflSU TO RtCtlU UT.r.UTlM Th!a Considered Declaration War by tho Authorities at KashiagtDn. of WASHINGTON'. April 22. War be tween the 1'nited Slates and Spain is a fact, though not yet offK-'.a'ly O- j dared so by congress. The sMrrina event of Wednesday i ere succeeded yesterday With rap d-: ity of others of ejti'ial importance, cul- j minatlnc in the a::rnoon in ord ra for the departure of the North Allan- j tic squadron for Havaua. This practically is an act of war, ao . that the war between this country and ! Spain may fairly be said to date from today. April 21. 1898. Two minutes after the opening of the State department came word from minister Woodford that the Spanish government, having anticipated and prevented his Intention to present the president's ultimatum, he had asked tor his passports. The administration in a public state ment announced that It regarded the action of the Spanish government aa rendering unnecessary further diplo matic action on the part of the United States, and further stated that It re garded the course adopted by Spain a one placing upon that country the responsibility for the breach of friend ly relations. Mr. Woodford's telegram resulted In the calling of a special cabinet meeting to arrange an out line of a plan of cam paign, or rather to determine how to begin the execution of the plan of cam paign already prepared by the strat egic boards of the army and navy de partments. The immediate result waa the order for the North Atlantic aquad ' ron to begin the blockade of Havana. How much further than this the cab inet progressed in its deliberations, it la not possible to say, for the obvious reason that the time has now come when the interests of the government require that the movements of ships and troops should be guarded with the greatest tare from undue publicity in order to prevent the enemy from tak ing advantage of Information. The North Atlantic squadron, under Captain Sampson's command, makes a splendid array of fine vessels, com prising battleships such as the Iowa and Indiana, monitors like the Puritan wuu i yrrur, miuuiru ciuibtib iikc uib New York, flagship; protected cruisers like the Cincinnati, Marblehead and Montgomery, gunboats like the Vicks burg, Wilmington and Annapolis, reg ular torpedo boats such aa the Eric ceon, Cushhig Winslow and the like, and not to speak of the large number of fast yachts and other vessels that have been added to the fleet by pur chase. , Thin force is quite complete to block ade all the ports In Cuba, or at least all of the ports connecting by rail with Havana, and so I'ke'y to be used to supply that place In the event of alette with food and munitions of war. This statement Is to be taken with the understanding that it does cot con template the coming to Cuban waters of the Spanish fleet. In such ewe, however, the probable po'lcy would be to abandon the blockade and endeavor to force the Spanish fleet to battle. Minister Woodford's action during the day, aa reported to the State A- partment In a late telegram, Indicated that he was following a carefully pre pared program. A significant feature of his mesagse was the statement that the Spanish government no'lned him that It regarded its withdrawal of Min lster Polo as terminating diplomatic negotiations, showing that it was not disposed to accept the expressed inten tion of our government to continue Mr. Woodford as a medium of com munication until Saturday noon. Mr. Woodford also announced that he had instructed Consul General Bow en, at Barcelona, to cause all the American consuls in Spain to Immedi ately withdraw from the country. He further said that he had Informed the Spanish government, aftpr asking for passports, that he had placed the American legation In Madrid, and American interests in Spain generally, In the hands of the British embassy. The ambassador. Rt. Hon. Sir H. Fry Drummond Wolff, is not at pres ent in Madrid, so American Interests will be confided to the British charge, Sir George G. F. Bonham, bart. To all intents and purposes th's re lieves the State department from fcr:h - er negotiations as to Cuba, save those relating to privateering, neutrality ob servances, and the like. It was found necessary to frame a notice to the powers of the Intention of our government to establish a blockade of Havana, notification re quired by International law. WOODfORD GETS PASSPORTS. Notice Previously fiivea that Diplo matic Relations Were Ktided. MADRID. ADril 22 The ultimatum of the United States was received early j yesterday morning In English. The Spanish government Immediately broke off diplomatic relations with the j United States, notifying the United i r.. : i t,tB .ffAni cttnrt h m ' was able to present any not. Th. w.n.nor We annlaud "The f th eovernment and the en- himtaBm of the nubile at the advent of ..r" Th Liberal savs: "The gov - emment will make no replv whatever to the ultimatum." Continuing, the Mheral boints out the advantages that coin mar derive from the use of prl- vateeers. In which connection, how- ing the disorder, allowed complete llb nnthinr has vet been officially erty of action, mingling among the jpd Thee news of the rupture was received calmly. There was no excitement ap parent anywhere. Spain's action is considered a vir tual declaration of war and hostilities nav begin at once. The newspapers of this city print highly colored accounts of how Gen eral Woodford was handed his pass prts, but the circumstances in ths acre a.- rablrd f- t ApH'I Prees. TTj Ppmuh (tuvwino'.nnt hav ing received the text of th u'.ilmstura of t!n Vmted Ptsts from in on sonrr. did not v-sit f r th fnitct States minister to present th- ul'.iais turn, but tM him bin pusup rtL It Is not rxr,''d t'amt t!i"re will be any formal declsrsMon of wr ai Opsin's action tods;- is co.iii.W.'d a a'n'h anl hostilities m bt;in Im mediately. Both na"otn, however, may wake to their own pcip! ami to all neutrals tt la term! "toe noti ttrstion of wr." A semi-of t:o!e jnt issued savs the Spanl'h Government considers the ultimatum of United States consti tute a dVe'iT'"on of asr. The se-ai-orvia! note ad i that the Spanish fi t U alreaHv on it way to meet the W of the i'nited St ite. Minister '-"'ford left Madrid at 4 i o'clock this afternoon. THE flffT STAR r0R mvAMi Bomnardmea , ea Cattle te Commence Saturdi y Moralaj. KKY WEST. Pril 2.-1 he feet niu atarted for Havana. The monitors were ordered to start fi st. l eiog he gjoweat of the war hips. At 1:15 o'clock yesterday morning the Puritan nut out to sa. followed by ths Tenor and Amphl'e Thev hesdd 'or ?nndy light, nine mtlee to the southwest from which point the couise will lie lad for Havana. This start (if the monitors will not be followed at once by the battleships and cruisers until daylight probably, as the monltus are slow sailors. They cannot gt In rane of Morro luslde of fifn hours, and will be nicked up by other veeU of the squadron in the course of the day. The siege of Havan will unquettir naiily be opened at daylight Saturday morning. Officers of the squadron deny mat their Instructions are to blockede onlv and make the conquest a bloodless af fair. The original plan was to turn the guns of the ship loose at the shore defenses at a thousand-yard range as soon after daylight as the shore could be seen. This. It is asserted. Is the nresent scheme of operations. The or- der of the ships In the attack will be thus: Iowa. Indiana, monitors Puri tan. Terror. Ampbltrlte, New York (flagship), Cincinnati, Marblehead, Montgomery. Detro;t. gunboats, Ma- chlas. Csstlne, Helena, NewportWil mington. The Journal dispatch rosts Anita and Echo followed the monitors to Sand Key and will there await (the fleet. GARY RESIGNS f ROM THE CABINET Emory Smith of the Philadelphia Pre to Succeed Him. WASHINGTON. April 22. The pres ident has sent the nomination to the senate of Charles Emory Smith of Pennsylvania, vice James A. Gary, re signed Postmaster General Gary resigned on account of 111 health. The Pennsyl vania senators were consulted , before Mr. Smith's appointment was made It is stated at the White House that Postmaster General Gary's resignation had absolutely nothing whatever to do with our present foreign relation complications. It was owing entirely, it is stated, to the condition of Mr. Gary's health. He has suffered a great deal of late from a general breaking down of the system which has con tinued to progress until finally Mr. Gary reluctantly reached the conclu sion that he was unable longer to car ry the burned of his office. Charles Emory Smith, the new post master General, Is at present editor of the Philadelphia Press. He has been minister to Russia, is an earnest, act ive republican and known to public men throughout the United States. He Is at present in Washington and may make a statement later concerning his nomination. He was Informed by tel ephone of his nomination and received many congratulations Spain's Answer May Be a Shot. NEW YORK, April 22. A dispatch to the Herald from Washington says Spain's answer to President McKin- ley's ultimatum may take the form of shot and shell. Its formidable neat. which has been mobilizing at the Cane Verde Islands for some days past, sailed on Wednesday from that nolnt for an unknown destination The fleet Is composed of the armored cruisers Almlrante Oqnendo, Cristo bal Colon, Infanta Maria Teresa and Vtzcaya, the torpedo boat destroyers Furor. Terror and Pluton and the tor nedo boats Arctic. Azore and Ravo, and oerhaDs the battleship Pelayo. In formation of the sailing of the fleet has been received by the attaches of the Spanish legation. It is conceded to be hiehlv probable that the fleet will hasten across the ocean to Porto Rl co and Cuba to prevent by force the outsine from the islands of the naval and military forces of the Spanish government there. On the other hand, it is possible that the ships have gone to the Canary islands. If Spain should use the Cape aa a base of operations In time of war Portugal will be called to account by the United States. The Cape Verde islands belong to the Lisbon govern ment, which recently informed the United States that It had rejected Drooosltlons made 'by Spain to enter Into an offensive alliance and propos ed to remain neutral. Portugal will be expected to carry out its intention In this respect. Its neutrality obliga- ! tlons will permit It to give to the j Spanish vessels only sufficient coal to I enable them to reach the next Span ish port, which In this case would be I the Canary Islands, and. once they i have left that port, they cannot re turn for ooal or provisions. ' ; Mob Movement In Madrid MADRID, April 22. Crowds paraded I the streets tonight. The mob gathered , in front of the Equitable Life Insur ! ance building and smashed the eagle to , bits. It carried the fragments to ths streets. The civil governor of Madrid, Senor Agulllera, Instead of prohibit 1 demonstrations. He was loudly cheer- led, especially when the American es- cutcheon was thrown from the balcony I of the Equitable building and fell st I his feet. Agulllera. as If trampling on the escutcheon, addressed the popu i lace, amid enthusiastic cheers. He ; said: ' "The Spanish Hon Is roused from his ' slumbers. He will shake bis msne and disperse the rest of ths bruts creaMoa." 81 1 IIS IS Gill ry Midnight Saturday tho Don. n2 "ad Ba;agc, Moat Get Out of Cuba. Tfl tITIMATIM SIOMD AD SI1MT. .MlaNter Woodford Wilt Lay the Document Before the Spaa laa (ioverameat. WASH1NGTO.V. April 21. Yester day wa a day of events la the history of the Cuban question. The signsture by the president of the Joint resolu tion requiring intervention In t una. the notification of that action to the Spanish minister here, his demand for passports, the department's prompt re ply to that demand, the departure of the Spanish minister and the transmis sion of our ultimatum, that Saln must evacuate Cuba and must make answer by Saturday, throtich Minister Woodford, followed In quick succes sion. The next step Is Spain s answer. If It Is to make any, and the movement or the United States army' and navy on Cuba. The ultimatum was sent to ths Span ish minister by Judge Day's personal messenger. Edward Savoy, one of the trusted employes of the State depart ment, who was appointed to his place In 1S by Hamilton Fish. The messen. ger was not kept waiting long at the legation, but in the course of an hour had returned to the State department with the minister's application for paspoitS. It wss not until 1: 10 o clock that Ssvoy made his second trip, carrying with htm the desired paper. This waa a passport for the minister snd his fsm- ily and suite. It was not In the usual form, but was what Is known as a special passport. In general terms It Is similar to that presented to Ird Sackvllle-Weet when the unfortunate minister waa obliged to retire.- In this case H reads as follows: United States of America. Depart ment of State To All To Whom These Presents Shall Come Greeting: Know ye that the bearer hereof. Don Litis Polo y Bernabe, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of Spain to the United States, accompanied by bis family and suite, Is about to travel abroad. These are, therefore, to request all officers of the United Sistes, or of any state thereof, to permit him to pass freely without let or molestation, and to extend to him all friendly aid and protection In case of need. In testimony whereof, I. John Sher man, secretary of state of the United States of America, have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the secretary of state to be affixed, at Washington, this 20th day of April, A. D. 1898. and of the Independence of the United States of America the 132d. Cuban leaders Consult Miles. At first there was some expectation at the State department that a re sponse from Minister Woodford might be expected today. Lster on, however. after Judge Day had calculated ' the length of time that would be consumed In the cabling of the ultimatum to Minister Woodford, Us translation Into cipher and retranslatlon, he be came convinced that It would be prac tically Impossible, owing to the differ ence In time between Washington and Madrid, to receive any response toda r, Therefore, the following statement was posted at the department: The text of the ultimatum to Spain will be given out by Mr. Porter, secre tary to the president, at the White House some time today, probably. The next move must now be made by Spain, according to the department officials. If the Spanish government takes a view, as might possibly be concluded from the sctlon of its minis ter here todsy, that In language and terms the congressional resolution is insulting. It may promptly hand Mr Woodford his passports upon receipt of this communication, and thus bring the negotiations te a crisis and cause a breach of diplomatic relations within the next twenty-four hours. If, on the other hand. It should neg lect to return a satisfactory answer before Saturday noon that line of pol ey wtll be quite as effclent as a posi tive act. Inasmuch as It would amount to refusal of the demands of the Unit ed States. In such case the president would proceed Immediately to use the naval and military forces ef the United States to execute the will of congress. How this will be done, what steps shall first be taken; whether Havana shall be blockaded, or whether an attempt shall be made to make a speedy cam paign by hurling a large force of troeps to Havana under cover of bom bardment by a fleet, are all matters of mere speculation. The experts of the army and navy have laid their plans with the greatest detail for the future, but they do not hesitate to say that any attempt to make these public, in advance to the manifest advantage of Spain would be actual treason. An outline of the policy to be fol lowed by this government in the treat ment of neutrals, and the matter of privateering is contained In the follow ing statement: In the event of hostilities between the United States and Spain It wtll be the policy of this government not 1 1 resort to privateering. The govern ment will adhere to the following rules: First. Neuiral dag covers enemy's goods with the exception of contra band and war. Second. Neutral goods not contra band of war are not liable to confisca tion under enemy's flsg. 'luird. Blockade, In order to be binding, must be effective. THE ULTIMATUM GOES TO SPAIN. The Authorities Have Three Days in Which to Yield. WASHINGTON. April 21. The Cu ban resolution Is new a law of ths land aad the ultwnstum to Spala an accomplished fact. The president at 11:14 o'clock yesterday aiBied his sig nature to the ioiet raeelattaa of seo- gress requiring Spain to evacuate the Island of Cuba. The ultimatum mean while had been prepared at the state department l-y AssUUnt Secretary ley and at 11:30 o'clock announce ment wss made at the White House th.it It bed lN-en signed by the presi dent and had been sent to the Span ish government. The ultimatum was brouKht over to the White House shortly before 11 o'clock by Assist ant Secretary Day, who went over It with President McKinley before the latter affixed his signature. After the public announcement As sistant Secretary Day said that the ultimatum had been transmitted to Madrid, addressed to Minister Wood ford, who will deliver It to the Span Ish sovernmcnt. As soon as the final de-lArnflnarlon to send It had been reached snd It had been started on Its way to Madrid Senor Polo y Bernabe, the Spanish minister. In accordance with diplomatic courtesies, was fur nished a copy of the paper by the col ored niesssnger of Assistant Secretary Day. The minister, as soon as he re ceived it. made a brief reply and re quested his passports. It wss ssid st the White House that the terms of the ultimatum would not be made public here until today. It Is understood that It consists largely of a diplomatic paraphrase of the Joint resolution of congress, concluding with a statement that this government awslts Spsln's reply. There wss present with the presi dent when he signed the resolutions Secretary Alger, : Attorney General Griggs, Secretary Bliss, 8-mator K1- kms snd Charlea Emory Smith. The president In his ultimatum to the Spanish government transmits a copy of the resolutions he states he has signed. He demands that Spain with draw its army and navy forces from Cuban wsUrs as . required by the terms of the act of congress (no date for the withdrawal being mentioned) and then states that if a satisfactory answer Is not received here before Sat urday next, he wHI proceed at once to carry the resolution of congress Into effect. The Spanish minister's request for his pseeports, sent immediately on the receipt of the ultimatum, was as fol lows: The resolution adopted by the con gress of the United States of A merles, and approved by the president. Is of such a nature that my permanence In Washington ' becomes' - Impossible'end obliges me to request yon the delivery of my passports. The protection of the Spanish legation will he entrusted to the French ambasssdor and to the Austrian-Hungarian minister. On this occasion, very painful to me. I have the honor to renew to you the assur ance of my highest consideration. (Signed) LUIS POIi) DE BERNABE. Hon. John Sherman, Secretary of State for United States of America. Etc.. Etc. The signing of the Cuban resolutions by the president was an exceedingly Interesting event, although without special Incident. General Alger had brought over from the war department a pen which he requested the presi dent to use In appending his signature to the document. The pen had ana dfaary gtrtta perrha holder and as It was handed to the president by his secretary, Mr. Porter, those gathered around the table to witness the act. There was considerable feeling mani fested by those about, but there was no demonstration or rong at illations. The small crowd soon dispersed snd In ten minutes the normal condition of things at the White House had been resumed. Secretary Alger remained wltn the president and as soon as the rush was over the two took a walk In the White House grounds, returning in less than half an hour. PLAN OF CAMPAIGN DISCUSSED. Fleet Should Be Held to Meet the Spanlnh Flotilla. WASHINGTON. April 21. "I hope.' said a prominent naval officer today, who has given much thought on the subject, "that the plan of operation decided upon by the department will not Include an attack by our fleet on Morro oaatle and forts at Cabanas as the first stroke of the campaign. If we do this many of our ships are sure to be crippled and sent home for repairs. Our, docking facilities on the south Atlantic coast are so limited that the vessels would either have to be sent far north to be repaired or else await their time for docking In the south. The Spaniards are taking the cue and displaying much military sagacity In the movements of their ships. They are concentrating them in their home ports, and If our fleets are dis abled by attempting to reduce the for tifications at Havana they will steam over here and Inflict Irreparable dam age on them. It seems to me the prop er thine for us to do would be to at tempt to land a large force of men In Cuba, surround the fortifications and starve out the Spaniards, mean while Keeping up a blockade of the harbor and the coast by our fleet of ships. I think, with an army of 20,000 men, supplemented by the Insurgents' strength on the Island, we would be able to do this. "You will remember thst during our late war our fleets suffered considera bly In the attack on the forts in Char leston harbor, whereas when the sol diers holding them ascertained that Sherman was coming with an army from the inland they began to evacuate when he was 100 miles awav. These matters have been brought to the at tention of the strategic board, which Is now formulating a plan of cam paign." Woodford Leaves Madrid. LONDON. Anril 21 The Madrid correspondent of the Daily Mall, tele graphing at 11 o'clock Wednesday eve ning, savs: "General Woodford left tonight by the ordinary express for BlarrlU. The American minister has taken tickets for the south of France express to morrow. Ha hss received eit'nslve directions. "It Is doubtful If he wtll hsve an op portunity of presenting the American ultimatum, aince In all probability Senor Gullon. the foreign minister, will send him hie nsssoorts at 8 o'clock to morrow mornlnr (Tbursdsy), with a declaration that diplomatic relations between the two governments have been broken off. "General Woodford has bandsd the archives ef the legation to ths British tsabaasr. where he dlaed last night BUGLE PEALS! -OR- Songs of Warning For the American Peoples A BOOK OF POEMS BY BLJXA A. PITTSINGBR. "Mrs. Eliza A. Tittsinger is a poet of rare ability, especially in the realm of true patroitiaiu. Her volume entitled "Bugle Peald" contains the spirit ami sentiineut of the highest form of Americanism, and the "grand and awful times." in which we live. These poems constitute a clarion call for the defense of American citizenship and ' American institutions against the world." J. Q. A. Henry. Pastor La Salle Ave. Baptist Church, Chicago, 111. If you want to breathe patriotism and renew your love of tho Little lied School House; If you aoi to commune with gifted spirit, buy and read these poems. I Vice, 60 oents. Address : The American 1'EH POLITER. BY H. W. BOWMAN. , Papal pills are sugar coated. Credulity la the basis ot Rome's re ligion. Get a papist to thinking and the priest will curse you. The priest's blindest eye is on the side where the most money comes from. A Bible Is the moat hurtful book a papist can read it we Judge from Rome's past acts. No man can walk with civilization and stay in the woods ot papal super stition. Rome wears a religious cloak, yet has a cold heart A confessional bog is the tomb ot self-respect Wearing a cross does not cure cross ness. Hatred Is nursed by papal prejudice. The brighter history shines the dark er Rome's record. It la hard to convince a papist who lets the priest do his thinking. To know that popery Is a curse makes a man want to rid the earth ot it i Keeping knowledge In the hands ot the priest starves the minds of the people. You can never tell what a papist will do out ot a church by his looks ot de votion within. Rome haa trotable with the man who does his own thinking. Popery throws the moat mud at the wimeBt, garmeuw. The priest does an evil day's work when he gets a child to go to the paro chlal school. Every dollar in Rome's possession is stamped with fraud. No man's influence Is so small but . i . . . . i what he could make it tell against! Rome. I When Rome gives money she always puts a chain ot power on It Truth is always ready to go to war; error will run at the first opportunity. Every fact Is an antidote for some foolish fancy. Fighting truth Is an old trick of popery; and it has become an adept at It When a man sees the truth he be holds the deformities of error. Knowledge kills many papal myths. no matter bow old they may be. Bigotry is the mirror of credulity. True religion Is out of place la a mass house. Truth may be put in the grave, but it won't stay there. When the forces of patriotism are divided treason cornea out ahead. Holding on to pagan soperstltioa gives Rome a mortgage on your faith. Priests make use ot the politician who keep themselves ready to be ased as tools. It Rome does a aharttable act It ts to gala favor with those she eaa after wards rob. . Remember that b raising the ser pent's head la safer than pinching a!s tail. Give Rome use ot our politicians and shs will soon control our gorsro ment There can be no real love for Amer ica when the pope is the ruler. All papists are bigoted no matter bow liberal they may make out to be. Rome makes it a religious duty to oppose the public schools. Rome finds slander a better weapon than a bowie knife. Those who would lead men to oppose Rome must look up her record. It takes patriotism to stand out against papal tyranny. Take up any of your great world problems today and you will find the pope has his finger in the pie. There isn't much patriotism la the heart of the man who aids Rome In gaining power la this eouatry. The best remedy for national apathy Is to let Roma lntroduoe soma of bar old methods of persecution. The papal praising college professor Is one ot the pope's best workers la this country. It It muoh easier to be contented with party pandering to Romanism than to steadfastly oppose It. A narrow headed bigot is the popes' Idea of a first class man. Thinkers al ways give the popes trouble. ' The man who lives only for himself Is always opposed to reform measures. When a man has a heart big enough to love all mankind without respect to creed, he Is too good for the pope. The politician who It always on the bunt for votes Instead of feeling the pa triotic pulse will never fight political corruption. No man Is living up to bis political duties who falls to oppose the enemies of national peace, purity and prosper, lty. The man who praises Martin Luther and courts Gibbons or Ireland la a huge humbug. Until the suf ply Is exhausted, we will send to each subscriber sending us the names of five of his friends, accom panied by 25o. for five sample copies of The American, one volume of "The Stenographer," a book containing the story of the, life, trials, tribulations, -courtship, etc., of a stenographer. 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