THE AMERICAN.
HON. JODN L. WEBSTER.
He Delivered a Second
Speech on the Silver
Question Last
Year.
It Du liefer the TrBSXIl!wIpii
Commercial Centre, at Omaha,
Sovtmbrr 2Mb, lsiS.
The report of the. majority of the
committee ii baited on the assumption,
one that runt through every argument
in favor of free coinage of allver, that
there U an appreciation in gold which
increase! the wealth of the creditor
and diminishes the wealth of the
debtor. The form which the proposi
tion has assumed, or rather the words
in which it Is clothed, are auch as to
appeal to the prejudices of the poor
Man m wA iaIa KIa anlmnaltv n ft Vila
IUAU BUM QAvl W Ml utuiuvivj waua
hatred against the .man of wealth, an
argument which may be effective but
not the most highly creditable.
I have not been able to convince
myself that there is any appreciation
in the value of gold. I am not skilled
in reasoning upon this question theo
retically find can only deal with it as I
find facts pointing the way to truth.
For there to be an appreciation in
the value of gold it seems to me as fun
damental either that there should be a
dlmunitlon in the quality of the metal
or the demands for the use of the metal
should be increasing In a greater ratio
than does its production. We have
not the time to go over the history of
the production of gold and the produc
tion of silver during any great period
of time.
The height of the silver agitation
.has been since 1890, and during these
eame years the country has gone
through the most direful distress.
Silver agitation and hard times seem
as much linked together as the Siamese
twins. If there is any possible condi
tion of things which should have pro
duced an appreciation in gold, these
twin sisters, financial depression and
free silver agitation most likely would
have produced it.
Let us look at a few facts, however,
existing during the last five years.
Secretary Carlisle stated in his speech
before the Memphis convention that
the gold product of the Uaited States
in 1890 was 1118,848,000. I do no know
what means of information the secre
tary had to justify him in making the
statement, but I assume that he would
not make a statement which he did
not believe to be true, and I further
assume that with the means at his
command he resorted ' to the most
trustworthy sources to obtain the most
reliable information
' A few days ago I read In the World-
Jltrald the statement that the gold
product of the United States in 1894
was $180,626,100. As this paper is
edited by my friend Bryan, the cham
pfon of free silver, and the statement
purports to be taken from the report of
the director of the mints, I must as
sume as to this statement that it also
is correct.
An instant's comparison of these two
statements shows that during the four
years when the business of this country
was on the down grade and when there
existed the least demand for money,
that the gold product had increased
more than 50 per cent, or $61,777,100,
and certainly no man would contend
that the business of this country had
increased in any such like ratio during
those four years. There is nothing
here to indicate an appreciation in
gold, and according to the rule of sup
ply and demand, there should have
been a depreciation.
A momentary glance at this question
during a century past. Those who
pretend to know most upon this ques
tion, those who by reason of their po
sition and public duties ought to know
the truth of these things, say that the
per capita gold production in 1895 was
greater than the per capita production
of both gold and silver one hundred
years ago. If this be true, there is cer
tainly nothing in this fact to indicate
an appreciation in the value of gold,
but it would rather tend to indicate a
depreciation in the value of gold in the
ratio which the product of silver
stands to the product of gold during
those four years.
I know that they tell us that
tha price of wheat has gone down 50
per cent, and further the purchasing
power of gold has been enhanced 100
per cent. That statement proves noth
ing because it does not prove that the
value of cold has had anything what
ever to do with the depreciation in
value of the wheat product.
If you want to point to a more cer
tain criterion touching the value of
money, point to the day's labor of the
mechanic and look to the purchasing
power of the wages which he received.
Why, sirs, the senate committee re
ported that during the last thirty
years the wages of the laborers of this
country had increased 34 per cent. I
find by the compilation of the census
reports of 1890 that during ten years
the amount of wages of the laborers of
this country had increased 40 per cent.
Today the tolling millions of this
country receive the higher wages and
ptvable in money equivalent in value
to the gold dollar. The result is that
the purchasing power of the commenta
tion received by the people who labor,
under the present financial condition
of affairs 1 greater than during any
p-evlou period of this country, when
my free silver friend contend that we
had the free and unlimited coinage of
bnb metal. We who are in favor of
the minority report of the committee
are the true fciends of the laboring
man in this country, and the free silver
advocates are their enemies, in that
they would pay them the same per
diem In a depreciated coin.
It is not, however, alone the amount
of gold in circulation in the country
that must determine whether it had
depreciated in value, but it is the
amount of the entire circulating med
ium maintained on a parity with gold,
whether that medium be gold, silver
or paper. When theoretically you
speak of the question of supply and de
mand, we can have but one criterion
to measure that supply and demand by,
which it the entire amount of the cir
culating money in the country.
The amount of the circulating money
has been constantly increasing in this
country from the time when my friends
talked of the demonetization of silver
down to 1895. While in 1890 the en
tire amount of the circulating medium
was $973,000,000, in 1895 the amount of
circulating medium was $1,804,000,000.
Why, mark you, here wu an increase
in fifteen years of nearly 100 per cent.
These startling facts are a complete
answer to the unwarranted assertion of
my free silver friends that the de
monetization of silver in 1873 struck
down and wiped out of existence one
half the money of the country.
The advocates of the free and un
limited coinage of silver at the present
ratio, with uniformity assert that the
financial disasters of the last three
years are the result of the demonetiza
tion of silver. I cannot understand
how any man who reflects can have
the courage to make such a statement.
The act to which they refer, as de
monetization of silver, was passed In
1873. If silver was demonetized, It was
demonetized then, and there; if that
act struck down silver, and destroyed
one-half of the money of the country
and brought about the marvelous ap
preciation of gold, such events took
place more than twenty-two years ago.
If ruin and disaster and destruction
were the natural and necessary out
growth of the act of 1373, they would
have followed fast after the enactment
of the law which should have brought
them into existence.
The history of this country from 1873
to 1891 stands as proof that none of the
present existing evils were the out
growth of the act of 1873. The great
est era of prosperity this country has
ever known from the days of George
Washington down to Grover Cleveland
were from 1878 to 1891. During those
years there were better prices, better
wages, more factories running, more
cities being built, more farms being
opened up, and more enterprises de
veloped than during any previous like
period of time in our country's history.
Another test generally resorted to
by all thinking men by which to
measure the prosp3rlty of the Nation,
Is Its foreign commerce; that is some
thing which ought to appeal to this
congress, as both are of a commercial
nature. In 1892 the foreign trade of
the United States reached the enor
mous sum of $1,857,680,693. That was
under the closing year of the Republi
can administration of Benjamin Har
rison, and under the fostering care of
the McKlnley tariff law the like of
which had never been seen before, and
has not been experienced since.
Those who undertake to trace the
hard times of the last three years to
the money question, ought to opan
their eyes wide enough to see that the
pernicious effect of the tariff act have
had much to do with bringing about
these frightful results. Why, within
three years it has redaced the foreign
trade of this country $306,356,000.
Under the results of that free trade
policy, American exports decreased in
1893, $143,600,000, and In 1894 $167,000,
000, and from 1894 to 1895, $49,000,000.
The agriculturist says, however,
the price of the agricultural products
have fallen as a result of the demone
tization of silver. I tell him that these
reductions in prices have taken place
since the agitation of the free trade
policy and after the silver question has
taken possession of the country. Ac
cording to the reports of the secretary
of the treasury, the decrease In exports
of agricultural products in 1895 over
that of 1894 was $53,727,552; while as a
reverse to the proposition the increased
imports form foreign manufactured
goods from 1894 to 1895 was $103,954,
000. If your complaint is that our money
Is drifting away to Europe, let con
gress remodel the tariff system to
something like what it as before
1892, and then there will be saved to
us this $108,954,000, which Is used in
settling the accounts with Europe on
the basis of the pound sterling In Eng
land. The so-called demonetization of sil
ver in the various civilized countries
of the world has not destroyed the use
of silver as money. From the last re
port of the director of the mint, and I
take this, too, from the Omaha JI'crM-
lL rahl of November ., the amount of
gold in the world U $1.06, Xa,ih0, the
amount of full legal tender silver $,
419,300,0)), the amount of subsidiary
liver coin is $63l,i0,000, thus making
the total silver money of the world
equal to the total gold money of the
world.
This leads us to make the suggestion,
that, whereas, the total amount of the
cola value of the silver money in the
world l equal to the total coin value
of the gold money of the world, bow
comes It that the silver standard coun
tries are unable to maintain their sil
ver on a parity with gold? Being
equal In quantity they would be equal
In purchasing power, were it not for
the fact tbat the over-abundant pro
duction of silver compared to the an
nual production of gold has depreciated
the value of the silver metal, and all
the powers of earth cannot keep the
increased quantity of silver on a parity
with gold in the business transactions
of the world.
In reading tbe various speeches and
editorials of my silver f rleods, I have
found such a diversity of statements
touching the product of gold and silver
that I have ceme nearly to the conclu
sion that they are unreliable and un
safe, if not dangerous, guides In the
study of this question.
I want to go to the most reliable
source, and I know no source on which
an American can rely with greater
certainty than the report of the direc
tor of the American mints. He re
ports the gold product of the United
States for 1895 in coin value to be
$30,500,000; he reports the product of
silver to be 49,500,000 ounces of a com
mercial value of $31,422,000, but of a
coined value under the present ratio of
sixteen to one $64,000,000.
It will thus be seen that the produc
tion of silver according to Its coin
value, Is annually sixty per cent.
greater than the production of gold, or
an excess of $24,500,00) in one year.
As a fair minded man I put to you the
proposition, could you possibly con'
tlnue the free and unlimited coinage of
both metals with an annual production
of silver sixty per cent, greater than
the production of gold, and hope to
maintain a parity of the two metals?
From the same source look to the
product of the gold and silver In the
world at large. The gold product of
the world In 1394 coin value was $180,
626,100. The commercial value of the
world's product of silver was $106,522,
900, and its coin value $216,892,200.
From this statement you are met with
two startling propositions: First, the
free and unlimited coinage of Bllver on
the theory that the parity of the metals
is to be maintained, would be to give
to the owners of the silver bullion
$110,369,300. Who is asked to give it?
The nation. What is the equivalent?
Nothing. What benefit would It be to
the agriculturist or the laborer? None
whatsoever. Second, by comparison
of tbe production of the two metals, it
will be observed that the coin value of
sliver annually exceeds that of gold,
$36,166,100. Can the most conserva
tive man even hope to throw open the
mints of America to all the silver of
the world regardless of the action of
any other nation, and thus coin and
throw into circulation $36,166,100 in
excess of the entire world's product of
gold annually, and hope to maintain
the parity of the two metals for a sin
gle hour? Why, If such a law would
be passed this afternoon, before the
sun should go down tomorrow this
country would be on the verge of such
financial distress and ruin as no words
of mine or yours could fitly describe.
I do not believe any sensible man
would be in favor of the free and un
limited coinage of silver under exist
ing conditions if he did not believe It
would increase the quantity of the cir
culating medium. My apprehension Is
that the free and unlimited coinage of
silver under present existing condt
tions would either destroy or drive out
of use more than one-half the present
money of the country, and if persisted
in you men who are listening to me
would be in your graves before the
country would go back to the money
standard and money circulation as
good as we have today.
It was lately stated by the secretary
of the treasury in a public speech that
the money in circulation in this coun
try was as follows:
Gold $631,000,000
ULited States Notes 346,000,000
Treasury Notes 1890 148,000,000
National Bank Notes 211,000,000
Subsidiary Silver 76,000,000
My first proposition is that the free
and unlimited coinage of silver would
drive the $631,030,000 of gold out of
circulation. I have said enough here
tofore by way of argument to show that
it would be impossible to maintain a
parity of the two metals by reason of
the over-abundance of the silver pro
duction, but aside from that I appeal
to history. History is a wiser teacher
than theorists. What country in the
world today maintains the free and un
limited coinage of the two metals and
has gold in circulation? None. What
country in the world ever maintained
gold in circulation, with the free and
unlimited coinag3 of both metals, ex
cept when the commercial value of the
two metal were at par as a commodity?
None.
We know further that from the time
the free silver agitation tiegan la this
country a few year ago, there has bwn
a dipoition is gather and hoard gold.
Then began a reduction of the pay
ment of tariff duties In gold. Then
beeaa tbe presentation of American
securities by foreign holders for their
redemption In gjld. Since then the
public treasury ha been constantly
drained of It gold, aud this thing
went on, until at lat the verge of the
cyclone male it appearance which
was to overwhelm and destroy the
financial credit of this country, and
bad It not been fo the strong person
ality of the President of the United
Slate, who took it upon himself at
great cost and great risk, to sell Ameri
can bonds to replenish the treasury,
this country would already have been
upon a silver hauls and the 1631,000,000
gold have gone out of circulation.
But that 1 not all of the bavoo to be
wrought. Tbe currency of the coun
try, to wit: the $346,000,000 United
Slates notes, the $148,006 000 treasury
notes of 18'J0; and the $211,000,000 na
tional bank notes, aggregating $705,
OuO.000 have their purchasing power
pased upon the go d valuation. You
sweep the gold out of circulation and
supply it place with degenerated sil
ver, and In like measure you reduce
the purchasing power of the $705,000,
000 of circulating currency, destroying
the purchasing power of that currency
to the extent of $350,000,000. The
total destruction of the purchasing
power of the money of the country by
this process would be about $981,000,
000 as the natural, legitimate and log
ical result of the super-abundant coin
age of the depreciated silver of the
world.
Some of my free silver friends prac
tically admit the force of this logic,
admit the country should pass to the
liver basis, and to silver monometal
Ism. They accept the logical concla
slons of the situation, but have they
ever counted tbe cost of the dlstructlon
of the money of the people and the
slow process by which it 1 to be rein
stated by the free coinage of sliver?
Why, acoordlng to the reports of the
director of the mints the annual coin
ing capacity of the mints of the United
States is but $40,000,000 a year. Why,
It would take sixteen yean to coin
enough silver to take the place of gold
alone which we would drive out of
circulation, and It would take ten
years more to coin enough to take the
place of the destroyed value of the
currency, thus some twenty-six years
would have gene by before my free
coinage friends can hope to restore the
money of the country to the present
existing amount.
I know my f rea silver friends have a
common answer to substantial data
and facts presented by the people who
would maintain the honor and finan
cial integrity of our country, and that
answer consists generally in bombastic
declamation containing such epithets
and allusions an "Gold Bugs" and
"plutocrats" and "What care we for
England." "We gldn't ask England
for the privilege of declaring for
American Independence, why need we
ask England now to declare our inde
pendence on the money question."
These star spangled b inner argu
ments may satisfy free silver men, but
In the face of hlstorio and stubborn
facts they have not the weight of the
summer zephyr. The United States
to maintain its supremacy among the
commercial nations of the world must
have as good money and as good credit
as its commercial rivals. With an in
ferior money we oould neither punish
England nor enrich ourselves, and
those who entertain such a thought
are harboring one of the greatest de
luslons of the age.
Secretary Carlisle In his speech at
Bowling Green, Ky., on the 25th of
May, 1895, stated five propositions that
are worthy of the consideration of
every thinking man on this question.
Permit me to read them:
First That there is not a free coin
age country in the world today that is
not on a silver basis.
Second That there Is not a gold
standard country in the world today
that does not use silver as money along
with gold.
Third That there is not a silver-
standard country in the world today
that uses any gold as money along
with silver.
Fourth That there Is not a silver
standard country in the world today
that has more than one-third as much
money In circulation per capita as the
United States have; and
Fifth That there is not a silver
standard country in the world today
where the laboring man receives fair
pay for his day's work.
Mr. Carlisle stated that he was
ready to maintain these propositions
anywhere; that he stated them delib
erately after a careful examination of
the monetary statistics of the commer
cial and Industrial systems of the coun
tries. So far as I have observed no
man has undertaken to answer these
propositions. I personally do not be
lieve that any free silver man can
answer these propositions. Until they
are answered it is idle for free silver
people to say that with a free and un
limited coinage of sliver at the ratio of
sixteen to one that we ran either main
tain the parity of the two metil or
that we can have gold and silver in
circulation, or to maintain that with
free silver we can either bave rcoro
money or a better monetary system
than we now bave.
MONASTERY SCANDALS.
Ctinttauod from pi 1.
mlMioner' conclusion. Dr. Cox said:
"We must above all thing dlmlnUh
the wealth of the monasteries, for so
long a they do not imitate the poverty
of (.'hrUt the people will not follow the
teaching of the clergy. 1 have no
doubt," he added with Irony, "that the
binbop, priest and monk will readily
free themselves from the heavy burden
of wealth of every kind, which render
tbe fulllllmuut of their spiritual dutle
lmpowlble." The ambassador of Ven
loetald: "The income of the monas
teries amount to 500,000 ducats, while
that of all the nobility of England Is
only 380,000. The treasure which the
convent derive from the nation ought
no longer to be useles to the nation.
In February, 1536, thi matter was
laid before parliament. It was Thomas
Cromwell whoso heavy band struck
these receptacle of impurity, who was
called "the hammer of the monk,"
who proposed thla great reform. He
laid on the table of the commons that
famous Black Book, la which were in
crlbed tbe misdeeds of the rellglout
orders, and desired that It should be
read to tbe bouse, lbit book is no
longer in existence; it was destroyed
la the reign of the bloody Queon Mary,
by those who bad an Interest in it sup
pression. But It was read before the
members of the commons, t e., the hor
rlble confessions of the monks and nun,
lgncd with their own hand. Tbe of'
feet was extraordinary, for men had
had no idea of such abominable scan
dal (Latimer's Sermon). The house
was horror-stricken, and "Down with
them, down with them!" was shouted
on every side. Cromwell restricted
himself for the moment to the secular
ization of three hundred and seventy'
six cloisters. "Those monasteilns,"
said Cromwell, "being the dishonor of
religion, and all the attempts, repeated
through more than two centuries, hav
ing shown that their reformation Is lm
possible, the king propose to the lords
and commons, and tnese agree, that
the possessions of the said houses shall
ceafce to be wasted for the maintenance
of sin, and shall be converted to better
uses."
There wa Immediately a great com
motion throughout England. Some re
jolced and some wept. About 10,000
monks and nuns were secularized on
the 4th of February, 1530. This added
to the crown a yearly rental of 32,000
sterling, besides the Immediate receipt
of one hundred thousand pounds stor
ling, In silver, jewels, and other ar
tides. (Such an act would make Mr
Cleveland's bonds unnecessary, and
would pay Uncle Sam's debts.) Some
of the convents were used as stables for
his majesty's horses, others for the
comfort of the sick, and blind, and
crippled.
Lord Cromwell was neither a Demo
crat nor a Republican. The abbot of
Peterborough endeavored to bribe him
and said: "If you will save our house,
I will give the king two million five
hundred marks, and yourself three hun
drod pounds sterling," Collyer' Rec
II, 156 159. But neither the eloquence
of the monks, their prayers, their
promises, nor their money could move
that great Englishman.
Some abbots revolted against the
king, but Cromwell forced them soon
to submit. The monks received a pen
slon; those who desired to continue in
their religious life were sent to the
larger monasteries. Many were dls
missed with a few shillings for their
journey and a new gowa. Fuller Church
History, 311. "Ae for you," the com
missloners said to the young monks
under twenty-five, "you must earn a
living by the work of your hands."
The same rule was applied to the nuns
England found in this energetic act
one of the sources of her greatness, in
stead of the misfortunes with which
she was threatened. When greedy
eyes began to covet the revenues of
Cambridge and Oxford, Henry said:
"I will not permit the wolves around
me to fall upon the universities." And
the Incomes of a few convents were em
ployed for the foundations of new
schools. An eloquent voice said to the
king: "O most invisible prince, great
is the work that you have begun.
Christ has laid the foundation; the
apostles raised the building. But bar
ren weeds had overrun It. Now you
have rejected the pops, and banished
the race of monks. We pray that
those houses of cenobites should be
hold In their academic halls a gener
ous youth, eager to be taught, and
learned men to teach them. Let the
light which has been restored to us
spread its rays through all the universe
and kindle other torches so that dark
ness should flee all over the world be
fore the dawn of a new day."
This wealth served to fortify Eng
land. The kingdom took a step In the
career of power. By the reformation
of the convents the moral force of the
nation gained still more than the ma
terial force; and England (U. S. A.,
too), freed from subjection to foreign
power, could oppose her enemies with
a (word of might and a front of Iron
And Uncle Stm't boy can do the anet
To thla great epoch we must acrlbe
tbe origin of those mercantile enter
prise, of tboe long and distant vcy-
age which were to be one day the
tlrength of Great Britain, for Henry
VIII. was truly the father of Elizabeth.
The great transformation extended
oon It Influence beyond the western
hore of Great Britain. Spain and
Italy alone rexalned alniowt motion
Ions In the mldxt of their ancient dark
new. Bat now the same Roman tyranny
will darken and chain fair Colurabial
Thorufore, awake, awake, O cans of
liberty! If every loyal young man
would fight for tbe principle of the A
A., the new American party, we
ould write on the tombstone of the
Roman hierarchy, A. D. 1900, a fol
lows:
"(Juum, A. D. lHK PioniijUi Jto.
nuini Antifhrititi TyranniikAhroftfit
ut ejus tuirtitiniiibua (Vtlreo .Sancta
Chrinti lleliijio llicin nmm purilatcm
Ecclejiin (civitax) in meliorem urdinrm
Si'ujHlari lribnrjicio trpomtaEt nimui
puUati$ fugittiiue tiOHtibunUrln ipt in
sicim lil'rtiiLtmNim tint ianijni mt'rac
ulo rtntituta fturH8nolu J'opuurtt
(leneitmU Monumrntum tin itrpttua4
rtutn fieri At'iut Juk Ux rriyi cuwtt
Qm suwi trga lkum grotiUidinemAd
postrro Urtukim fact ret." In the year
1900, the tyranny of the Roman anti-
Christ having been overthrown, and it
superstitions abolished, tbe Independ
ence having boon restored, In It truth
and purity, and the state of our union
sot In good order, by a signal favor of
God the enemy having been repelled
and put to flight, and the cltle by a
striking mlraolo restored to liberty,
the congress and tbe people of the
United States have erected and set up
this monument as a perpetual memorial
to attest to future ages their gratitude
to God."
Erected and Inscribed aftsr Geneva'!
Independence from the Roman tyranny
and renewed after Columbia's Inde
pendence from the Roman tyranny by
the United New American Party.
What Masons Nay.
The Masonic Record thinks too much
notice Is taken of Rome's enmity to
Masonry. Nevertheless, It is always
prudent to be alert against an avowed
enemy. This Is especially true when
that enemy would destroy civil and re
llglous liberty whenever It exists.
Voice of Ma.vmri.
Every masonic body In the United
States ought to know, and cause it to
be understood by their members, that
the sanguinary Captain-General of
Cuba has ordered all Masonlo lodges
closed under severe- penalty. We pre
sume he Is acting from Instructions
from the Roman pope, and nothing
would please the old man better than
another "auto da fe," with Masons
burned at the stake as of old. As the
leader of the Cuban patriots Is a 33 s
Mason we ought all to at least pray for
the speedy recognition of tbe Republlo
and the downfall of misrule, bigotry
and superstition in that unhappy
island. Kansas Freeman.
I have been taught as a" Mason that
my first duty is to God, the second to
my country. In performance of that
duty I call your attention' to the fact
that the Roman pontiff, who, as well
as his predecessors, have for centuries
tried to crush our beloved fraternity,
has now placed under the papal ban
three distinctly American benevolent
orders, which would indicate that the
pope feels assured that he has suffic
ient control of the government of this
country to dictate the conduct of its
people. As Masons It becomes our
duty to the country to -carefully watch
and do all In our power to prevent this
semi-barbarous potentate from obtain
ing control of our country's govern
ment and thereby settlng'Iclvlllzatlon
back to the days of the Inquisition.
2. A Boyle of Nevada.
But They Were "Insulted" Just the
Same.
The following letter from "Father"
Wyman appeared In the Examiner, the
organ of Rime In San Francisco, on
June 13th, but the bluff did not work
and the only feature of the Fourth of
July parade which raised hiss or cheer
was the natty Little Red School-houee
escorted by the redoubtable--. Junior
Order which was out In force and fea
ture of the procession:
The following letter has been re
ceived by the president of the Fourth
of July committee:
Sacramento, Ual., June 17, 1396.
Mr. S. L. Lent:
Djar Sir: I was very glad to see
your letter In this morning's Examiner.
My object In giving a copy of my letter
to your committee to the press was you
might be induced thereby to make a
public declaration- as to whether or
not you intend to allow in the proces
sion displays which are offensive to
Catholics, such, for instance, as that
of "The Little Red School-house."
The event will show whether or not
you keep to the promise which you
have made In your letter to me. There
Is a general impression among priests
and Catholics that the A. P. A. will
be allowed to insult us publicly on that
day. If the publication of my letter
prevents any such demonstrations I
shall be most thankful. Sincerely
yours, H. H. Wyman, C. S. P.
