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About The American. (Omaha, Nebraska) 1891-1899 | View Entire Issue (June 21, 1895)
H AMERICAN. Fifty Years & Church of Rome. V By Rev. Cuari.es Chiniquy. 'T'HIS is, without exception, the bt'Ht work extant on the subject of the. corrupt practices of the Roman Catholic Church and its priesthood. It reveal the Jesuitical plot to assassinate PRESIDENT ARRAIIAM LINCOLN, giving a brief history of the great crime, which shocked the whole civilized world. It tells of the abominable and licentious practices of priests and nuns in the Romish nunneries and monasteries in language convincing and entertaining. In short, it is a book that is wor thy of a place in any Library. The usual price of this book is $2.25, in cloth, but, by a special arrangement with the publisher, we will send it postpaid to any address in the United States for $2.00, Cash must, in all cases, accompany the order. Address, AMERICAN PUBLISHING CO. The Priest, The Woman, And the Confessional, By Rev. Chas. Chixiquy, This book particularly deals with the practices of the Roman Catholic Church with regard to Women and the Confessional It is neatly bound in cloth and will be sent to any address in th United States on receipt of $1.00. Remit by bank draft, postal or express money order, or by regis tered letter to the AMERICAN PUBLISHING COMPANY. A NEW BOOK" ENTITLED, THE Errors Roman Gatholic Church, PRICE, IN CLOTH, $2.50. This is the latest and best books published, being compiled and edited by some of the best known writers and ministers. It contains nothing of a sensational character, but is a clear and con cite statement of facts which are matters of history. It points out the causes which have led to the formation of patriotic organ izations and their fight agaimt Romanism. It is profusely ILLUSTRATED, Elegantly bound in cloth and printed in good, clear type and on good paper. In fact it is worthy of a place in any library. For sale by the AMERICAN PUBLISHING CO " , - . A x v.- v. READ AND COMPARE "ha A. P. A. Principle With the. Canon Law and Several Oatha of tha Ro man Catholic Church, n4 Turn Judge for Vourulf Whkh Have ths Tr Spirit of Americanism In Them, ths 4. P. A. Principle or the Diabolical Obligation Takan by Ronw'i Minions. 1. r. A. I'rlnt luh. Iha following are the declaration! of prlo Jples adpud by the National Council of as A. P. A.at l-.Moln-: "Loyalty to true Americanism, which aows neither blrtb, place, race, crwd, nor arty, la the Brst requirement for nienibt-r-blp Id the American Protective Aaao:latlon 'Tbe American 1'rotectlve Aaaoclatloa U o a political party, and does not control .fa political afflllattonaof lu members; but ( teaches them to be Intensely active In the tlscbargeof their political duties In or out f party lines, because It btllevee Uiat all roblems confronting our people will be found solid by a conscientious discharge of 4a duties of cltlwmihlp by every Individual. "While tolerant of all creed. It hold, that .ubjectlon and support to any political power lot controlled by American cltliens, and thlchclalius equal If not greater sovereignty baa tbe government of the United Slates, la Reconcilable with American citizenship. It a, therefore, opposed to the holding of oBloea a state or national government by any mo tet or supporter of such ecclesiastical lower. "We uphold the constitution of the Culled 1 la tea of America, and no portion of It more than Its guarantee of religious liberty, but ft bold tills religious liberty to baguaran to the Individual, and not to mean that inder lu pt election any un-Anierlcan eccles astlcal power can claim any absolute con trol over the education of children, growing p under the stars and stripes, "We consider the non-sectarian free public Cbool the bulwark of American Institutions, he best place for the education of American ihlldren. To keep theiu such, we protest galnst the employment of subjects of any in-American ecclesiastical power as officers ir teachers of our public schools. "We condemn the support out of the pub la treasury by direct appropriation or by Sontract of any sectarian school, reform ttory or other institution not owned and Mntrolled by public authority, "Believing that exemption from taxation a equivalent to a grant of public funds, we ieniand that no real or personal property be iienipt from taxation, the title to which is lot vested In the national or state govern ment, or In any of their sub-dl visions. "We protest against the enlistment In the Inited States army, navy, or the tullltla of WT state, of any person not an actual citizen f the United States. "We demand for the protection of our cltl Jta laborers the prohibition of the Importa Jon of pauper labor, and the restriction of Ul immigration to persona who cannot show kelr ability and honest Intention to become slf-supportlng Amerl an citizens. "We demand the change of the naturallza don laws by a repeal of the act authorizing ihe naturalization of minors, without a pre vious declarat'on of intention, and by pro riding that no alien shall be naturalized or jermttted to vote in any Btate in the union too cannot speak tbe language of the land, sad who cannot prove jeven years' ennsecu ive residence in this country from the date f his declaration of his intention. "We protest against the gross negllgenci tad laxity with which the Judiciary of oui and administer the present naturalization aws, and agnlnst the practice of naturaliz g aliens at the expense of committees 01 tndldates as the mot.t prolific source of the iresent prostitution of American citizenship the basest uses. "We demand that all hospitals, aiylums. tformatorles, or other institutions in wlilcti eeple are under restraint, be at all times abject to public inspection, whether they M maintained by the public or by private rporations or individuals. "We demand that all national or state glslatlon affecting financial, commercial or adustrial Interests be general in character ad in no Instance in favor of any one sec Ion of tbe country, or any one class of the aople." Cannon Law. L The constitutions of princes are not upertor, but subordinate to ecclesiastical institutions. . The laws of the emperor cannot dts 1 ve the ecclesiastical or canon laws. I. It is not lawful for an emperor to exact ythlng opposed to the apostolic rules. 4. It Is not lawful for kings to usurp the hlngs that belong to priests. 5. Mo custom of anyone can thwart the tatutes of the popes. a. Let no resistance be offered to the tpostollc (canon) precepts, but let them be alutlferiously fulfilled. T The yoke Imposed by the holy see Is to e borne, though it appear Intolerable and nsupportable. (. The pontiff can neither be loosed no lound by the secular power. t. That the Pontiff was called God by the jious Prince Constantlne, and that as god he cannot be Judged as man. 10. That as god he is far above tne reach f all human law and Judgment. II. That all laws contrary to the canons uid decrees of the Roman prelates are of no 'orce. 12. That all of the ordinances of the pope are unhesitatingly to be obeyed. lit. We ought not even to speak to one thom the pope has ex -communicated. U. Priests are fathers and masters, even f princes. 13, The civil law is derived from man, but the ecclesiastical or canon law Is derived lirectly from God, by which the pontiff can, a connection with his prelates, make con itltutlons for the whole christian world, in natters spiritual, concerning the salvation f souls, and the right government of the tnurch; and if necessary Judge and dispose f all the temporal goods of all christians. IS. A heretic holding or teaching false loctrine concerning the sacraments. Is ex jommunlcated and degraded, and handed ver to the secular court. IT, Secular princes unwilling to swear to letend the church against heretics are ex sommunlcated, and they are laid under an aterdlct. 18. The goods of heretics are to be con lacated and applied to the church. 1. Advocates or notaries, fwtvotlug bere tfes, or their defenders, or pleading for them a law suits, or writing documents for them, ire Infamous and suspended from office. Ml The secular powers, whether perma tent or temporary, are bound to sweaJ that ihey wlU exterminate, according to their xwez. Ul heretics condemned by the church i ad a temporal lord not purging his land of ere tics. Is ex-communlcated. U. rbose signed with the cross for the x- tern,tnatloa of bervtlrm, rvjolra la the prlvt re granted to to tbe cruaaders for U help of tbe holy land. S. Ttwy are absolved from all obligations who are la anywise bound to aeretk-a. Si. Whoever dl.-s la battle against tha unbelieving, nn-riuthe kingdom of heaven. Zi. We do not estvein those boiulcleea to whom It may have happened la their seal for ibelr oioihor church against the cx-commu-Bleated, to kill some of them. ti. That Catholic Princes are bound, both by civil and common law, not to receive or tolt-rale heretics, and much mora are not to permit tbelr riles, or other exercise of their religion, or rather, their falsa sect, but are must solemnly bound everywhere, to repel and expel them. 3a. Tha following temporal punishments are to be enforced on heretics: 1st Infamy, and the consequent diMiuailOcatlons tor all civil acta. Jnd Intestability, as well active as passive (that Is, they can neltber make nor will Inherit what Is left to them by others), ard Loss of paternal power over children. 4th Loss of dowry, and other privileges granted to women. &th Confisca tion of all goods. Clh That vassals and slaves and others are free from all, even sworn obligations due to tbelr lord or an other. 7tb Capital corporal punishment, especially death, and perpetual Imprison ment, 27. The canon law forbids all toleration. 38. That metropolitans and bishops are to ax-oommunlcate him who grants liberty of conscience. IK. No oath Is to be kept toward heretic princes, lords or others. JO. Heretics are to be deprived of all civil and paternal rights. 'it The pope can absolve from oil oaths. SI. Every bishop Is ordinary Judge In a cause of heresy. The reason Is because the bishops can ex-ofliclo, and ought to extirpate heretics, and Inflict upon them the due pun ishments, and to this are bound on pain of deposition. Besides, are the Inquisitors es pecially deputed by the apostolic aoe. Every bishop In his diocese Is thought to be, and In reality Is, a natural Inquisitor, (liter ally born Inquisitor), so as to have the same power with those already mentioned In a cause of heresy. 83. In every promissory aath, although absolutely taken, there are certain condi tions tacitly understood, amongst which are: 1st If I can; 2nd To save the right and authority of a superior) 3rd When the oath supposes the honor of the apostolic see to be illicit. 84. That the council of Trent, (the last and great authority of liome), decrees and com mands that the sacred canons and ail gen eral councils, also the other apostolic enact ments Issued In favor of ecclesiastical per sons of ecclesiastical liberty, and against Its violators, all of which by this present decree It renews, and must be exactly observed by all. Cardinal's Oath. .Cardinal of the Holy Roman "I,- Church, do promise and swear that, from this time to the end of my life, I will be faithful and obedient unto St. Peter, the holy apos tolic Roman church, and our most holy lord, the pope of Rome, and his successors, canon ically and lawfully elected: that I will give no advice, consent or assistance against the pontifical majesty and person; that I will never knowingly and advisedly, to their In Jury or disgrace, make public the councils entrusted to me by themselves, or by mes sengers or letters; also that I will give them any assistance in retaining, defending and recovering the Roman papacy and the regalia of Peter, wit h all my might and endeavor, so far as the rights and privileges or my order will allow It, and will defend them against all their honor and state, and I will direct and defend, with due form and honor, tbe legates and nuncios of the apostolic see, in the territories, churches, monasteries and other benefices committed to my keeping; and I will cordially co-operate with them and treat them with honor In their coming, abiding and returning, and that I will resist unto blood all persons whatsoever who shall attempt anything against them. That I will, by every way and by every means strive to preserve, augment and advance, the rights, honors, privileges, the authority of the Hi ly Roman bishop, our lord the pope and his before mentioned successors, and that, at whatever time anything shall be decided to their prejudice, which is out of my power to hinder, as soon as I shall know that any stops or measures have been taken In tbe matter. I will make It known to the same, our lord or his successors, or some other per son by whose means it may be brought to their knowledge. That I will keep and carry out and cause others to keep and carry out the rules of the holy father, the decrees, ordinances, dispensations, reservations, pro visions, apostolic mandates and constitu tions of the Holy Father Sextus, of happy memory, as to visiting the thresholds of the apostles at certain prescribed times, accord ing to the tenor of that which I have Just read through. That I will seek out and op pose, persecute and fight (omnl conatu per sccuturum et lmpugnaturum) against here tics or schismatics who oppose out lord, the pope of Home, and his before-mentioned suc cessors, ailU Ibis I will do with every possible effort." t (Signature) then sent to the pope. Bishop's Oath. "I, , elect of the diocese, from hcuceforward will be faithful and obedient to St. Peter the Apostle and to the Holy Roman church, and to our lord, the holy pope of Rome, and to his suc cessors, canonlcully entering, I will neither advise, consent nor do anything that they may lose life or member, or that their per sons may be seized, or hands in anywise laid upon them, or any injuries offered to them, under any pretence whatsoever. The coun sel with which they shall Intrust me by them selves, their messengers or letters, I will not knowingly reveal to any, to their prejudice, I will help them to defend and keep the Ro man papacy and the royalties of St. Peter against all men. The legate of the apostolic see, going and coming, I will honorably treat and help In bis necessities. The rights, honors, privileges and authority of the Holy Roruau church of our lord, the pope, and his aforesaid successors, I will endeavor to pre serve, defend, increase and advance. I will not be in any counsel, action or treaty, in which shall be plotted against our said lord and Roman church, anything to the hurt or prejudice of their persons, rights honor, state or power, and, it I shall know any such thing to be treated or agitated by any whatsover, I will hinder it to my utmost, and as soon as I can, I will signify It to our lord. The ordi nance and mandates of the pope, 1 will ob serve with all my might and cause to be ob served by others. "Heretics, schismatics and rebels to our said lord or his successors, I will to my r" most persecute and oppose. "Horetlcos, scblsmatlcos et re belles eldem Domino nostro vel successoribus predlctis pro posse persequar et oppugn bo." "I will come to a council whej, am called, t will visit tho threshold of the apostles every three years and give an account of our lord of all my pastoral office and of the things belonging to my diocese, to tbe dls- clpliueof my cteigy and people. I wUl to tike manner bumbly receive and diligently exerul the apostolic cotatnanda. If I am detained by a lawful impediment, I will per form tbe aforesaid by a nn-mut-r of Buy chap ter or a prlrst of my dlocrne. fully Instructed la all things above mentioned. The puuitw. sloas belonging to my table. I will neither sell nor otherwise alit-nata without consult ing the Roman pontiff. So hi lp me (iod and these holy gospels of God." I (Signature), ent to the Romish Manager PrlVst'i Oulh. , now in the presence of Almighty God, the blesM-d Virgin Mary, the blessed Michael the Archangel, the b.eed Bt. Joba the Baptist, the Holy Apostles tL Peter and Hu Paul and the Saints and the Sacred Hosts of Heaven, and to you. my lord, I do declare from my be ,rt, without mental reservation that tbe pope la Christ's vlcar general and Is the true and only head of the universal church throughout the earth, and that, by virtue of the keys of binding and loosing given to his holiness by Jesus Christ he has power to depose heretical kings, princes, states, commonwealths and govern ments, all being illegal without his sacred confirmation, and that they may safely be destroyed. Therefore, to the utmost of my power, 1 will defend this doctrine and bis holiness' rights and customs against all usurpers of the Protestant authority what soever, especially against the now pretended authority and church in England and all ad hereals, in regard that they be usurpal and heretical, opposing tlie sacred mother of the church of Rome. "I do denounce and disown any allegiance as due to any Protestant king, prince or state or obedience to any of their Inferior officers. I do further declare the doctrine of the church of England, of the Calvlnists, Huguenots aud other Protestants, to be damnable and those to be damned who will not forsake the same. "I do further declare that l will help, assist and advise all or any of his holiness' agents In any place wherever I shall be, and to do my utmost to extirpate t ie Protestant doc trine and to destroy all their pretended power, regal or otherwise. 1 do further prom ise and declare that, notwithstanding I may be permitted by dispensation to assume any heretical religion iProtestant denominations) for the propagation of the mother church's Interest, to keep secret and private all her agenu' counsels as they entrust me, and not to divulge, directly or Indirectly, by word, writing or circumstances whatsoever, but to execute all which shall be proposed, given in charge or discovered unto me by you, my most reverend lord and bishop. "AH of which I, , do swear by the blessed Trinity and blessed Bacrauient which 1 am about to receive, to perform on my part to keep Inviolably, and do call on all the Heavenly and Glorious Host of Heaven to witness my real Intentions to keep this my oath. "In testimony whereof I take this most holy and blessed Sacramentof the Eucharist, and witness the same further with my con secrated hand, in tbe presence of my holy bishop and all the priests who assist him in my ordination to the priesthood." Extreme Outh of the Jesuit I, , now in the presence of Almighty God, the blessed Virgin Mary, the blessed Michael the archangel, the blessed St. John the Baptist, the holy Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul and the saints and sacred bust of heaven, and to you my ghostly father, tbe superior general of the society of Jesus, founded by Saint Ignatus Loyola in the pon tllloatlonof Paul the Third, and continued to the present, do, by the womb of the virgin, the matrix of God, and the rod of Jesus Christ declare and swear that his holiness, the pope, Is Christ's vlce-gorent, and Is the true and only head of the Catholic or uni versal church throughout the earth; and that by virtue of the keys of binding and loosing given to bis holiness by my Savior. Jesus Christ, he hath power to depose her etical kings, princes, states, commonweal lis and governments, all being Illegal without his sacred confirmation, and they may be safely destroyed. Therefore, to the utmost of my power, I will defend this doctrine and his holiness' right and custom against all usurpers of the heretical or Protestant authority whatsoever, especially the Luth eran church of Germany, Holland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, and the now pretended authorities and churches of England and Scotland, and branches of the same now established In Ireland, and on the continent of America, and elsewhere, and all adherents In regard that they be usurped and heretical, opposing the sacred church ef Rome, I do now denounce and disown any alleg iance as due to any heretical king, prince or state named Protestant or Liberals or obedience to any of their laws, magistrates or officers. I do further declare that the doctrine of the churches of England and Scotland, of the Calvlnists, Huguenots and others of the name of Protestant or Liberals, to be dam eable, and they themselves to be damned who will not forsake the same. 1 do further decK that I will help, assist and advise all or any of his holiness' agents, In any place wherever I shall be, In Switzer land, Germany, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Notway, England, Iceland or America, or In any other kingdom or territory, I shall come to, and do my utmost to extirpate the hereti cal Protestant or Liberal doctrines, and to destroy all their pretended powers, legal or otherwise, 1 do further promise and declare that, not withstanding I am dispensed with to assume any religion heretical for the propagation of the mother church's interest, to keep secret and private a'.l her agents' councils from time to time, as they entrust me, and not to divulge, directly or indirectly, by word, writing or circumstances whatever, but to execute all that shall be proposed, given In charge, or discovered unto me, by you or my ghostly father, or any of this sacred con vent. I do further promise and declare that I will have no opinion or will of my own or any mental reservation whatsoever, even as a corpse or cadaver (perlnde ac cadaver), but will unhesitatingly obey each and every Command that I may receive from my super iors in the militia of the pope and of Jesus Christ. That I will go to any part of the world whithersoever I may be sent, to the frozen regions of the north, the burning sands of the desert of Africa, or the plngles of India, to the centers of civilization of Europe, or to the wild haunts of the barbarous savages of America, without murmuring or repining and will be.submissive in all things whatso ever, co nmunlcated to me. I do furthermore promise and declare that I will, when opportunity presents, make and wage relentless war, secretly or openly, against all heretics, Protestants and Llbeials as I am directed to do, to extirpate them from the face of the whole earth, and that I will spare neither age, sex or condition, and that I will hang, burn, waste, boll, flay, strangle and bury alive these Infamous heretics; rip np the stomachs and wombs of t&elr women and crush their Infants' heads against the walls In order to annihilate their execrable race. That when the aome cannot be done opt nly. I will secretly use tbe pois onous cup, the strangulating cord, the steel of the polnard, or tbe leaden bullet, regard- lea of the honor, rank, dignity or authority of the person or persons, whatever may their condition in life, either public or prl v- au-, as I at any time may be directed so i do by any agent of the pope or superior of tbe brotherhood of the holy lamer, or tne society vf Jesus. In confirmation of which I hereby dedicate my life, my soul and all corporal powers, and with this dagger which I now receive, I wlttfc subscribe my name, written In my blood, ln v testimony thereof; and ahoujd I prove falwf j ' or weaken In my determination, may my brethren and fellow soldiers of tbe tnlllua of tbe pope cut off my hands and my feet, and my throat from ear to ear, my belly opened and sulphur burned therein, with all tbe punishment that can be inflicted upon me on a Of .all earth and my soul be tortured by demons an eternal bell forever. All of which I do swear by tbe blessed trinity, and blessed sacrament which I am now to receive, to perform, and on my part to keep Inviolably; and do call all the heavenly and glorious host of heaven to witness these, my real Intentions, to keep this my oath. In testimony hereof I take this most hoi and blessed sacrament of the eucharlst, and witness tbe same further, with my name written with tbe point of this dagger, dipped in my own blood, and seal In the face of this holy convent He receives tbe wafer from the superior and writes his name with tlie point of his dagger, dlppeo In his 0n blood, taken trout over the beurt l The Fenian's Oath. "I swear by almighty God, by all In heaven and earth, by the holy prayer-book of my holy church, by the blessed Virgin Mar mother of God, by hersorrow and grief at the cross, by ber tears and waitings, by tbe holy apostles St. Peter and Paul, by the glorious apostle of Ireland St. Patrick by the blessed and holy church of all ages, by the holy national martyrs, to fight upon the Irish soil, to fight for the independence of Ireland to fight until I die, wading in tha red gore of the Sassenach (Protestant) for the glorious cause of nationality; to fight until not a single vestige, track or footstep. Is left to tell that the holy soli of Ireland was ever trodden by tbe Sassenach tyrants and murderers; and, morover, when tha Protestant robbers ana urutes in Ireland shall be murdered and driven Into the sea like tbe swine our Lord Jesus Christ caused to be drowned, then we shall embark for, and take England, and root out every ves tige of tbe accursed blood of the heretic adulterer, Henry VIII., and possess our selves of the beuts who have so long kept our Island of saints Old Ireland In tha chains of bondage.drlven us from her shores, exiles into foreign lands. I will wade in tha blood of Orangemen and heretics (Protest, ant) who do not Join us and become our selves. Scotland too, ha ng given aid and succor to the beast, we shall live In her gore. Wa shall not give up until we have restored our holy faith all over the British Isles. To all of this I sincerely and conscien tiously swear with my eyes blinded, not knowing who to me administers this oath Oath of the Clan-na-Gael. The following Is the oath taken by the members of that famous Romish Catholic society: "I (name In full) do solemnly swear in tt,e -presence of Almighty God, that I will labor while life Is left in me to establish and de fend a republican form of government in Ireland; that 1 will keep secret the names and everything connected with the Irish brotherhood from all not entitled to knowl such secrets; that I will obey and comply with the constitution and laws of the same, that I will preserve the funds of this order for the cause of Irish revolution alone as specified In the constitution; that 1 will deem it my special duty and mission to promote and foster sentiments of union, brotherly love, nationality, among all Irlh. I take this obligation without any mental reservation, holding the same forever binding upon me, and that any violation ttereof. or desertion of my duty to the brotherhood is Infamous, and merits the severest punishment, so help me God," This oath the candidate is abjured to keep at the hazzard of his life. It was prlnte I In the Chicago Inter Ocean and was sworn to be correct at the Cronln trial. It was reported by said paper ' November 17, 1894. Priests and bishops act as chaplains for this holy (?) order. Great Opportunity to Make Money. I have had such snlendld siicreaa tl nt T can't help writing to you about It. I have not made less than $S, and some days from 115 toiil. I am really elated, and can't see wnyouierscio not no into the Hlsh Washer business at once. I have not canvas ed anv: sell all my washers at home They give such good satisfaction that everyone sold helps to sell many others. I believe in a year I cm nmse a pront oi inree it ousana aoinirs. and attend to my regular business besides. When aClimsx Dish Washer can be bought for fti every family wants oi e, and it 1- very easy selling what everybody wants to buy. For particulars address The Climax Mfg. Co., Columbus. Ohio. I think any lady or gentle man miy wiit-rc can maxe iroin lojiu a a ay. I would like to have your readers try this business, and let us know thmuuh t.lin.n columns how they succeed. Polieeniati'g 31 Salaries. It has been discovered that one po liceman drew thirty-one salaries in Chicago under the beneficent Hopkins' regime. It must have been a prevision of coming trouble which induced the eminent John P. to hie himself to Eu rope as soon as Mayor Swift spat on his bands and began work on the Aueean stables maintained by his predecessor. Minneapolis Tribune. "Among the Ozarks." The Land of Big Red Apples, is an attractive and Interesting book, hand somely illustrated with views of South Missouri scenery, including the famous Olden fruit farm of 3,000 acres in How ell county. It pertains to fruit raising In that Front fruit hp.lt. nf imiii iu southern slope of the Ozarks, aud' will prove oi great value, not only to fruit errowers. buttoeverv farmnranfl hnma. seeker looking for a farm and a home , . ' 1 . 3 t A3, iuaueu iree. Address, J. E. LOKWOOD, Kansas City, Mo Pleasant to Take. The KORTH WESTERN LINE fas vestibuled Chicago train that elides east from the Union Depot every after noon at 5:4o, and into Chicico at 8:45 next morning, with supper and a la train is RIGHT. Other trains at. 1 11:05 a. m. 4 Sfl n m. daily good, too. rltj 5 1 iivti r the I i In ) 3 wtv licketOflloe,1401 .tBrLBrcttrtet