FEBRUARY 9. 1803 THE ALLIANCE -INDEPENDENT. v.. v FABM AND HOUSEHOLD. THE PROBLEM OF FARM HELP CON SI bE RED. Hiring Help by Che Tear-la the Laat of liot Beef Management a C re-j -Stock Note, and Household llelpi. Hiring Help by the Tear. ' Steady employment throughout the year ia what is needed to secure TMid keep a reliable class of men to work ja the farm. It is the fact that the farm only offers work for a few months, and those when least is re quired for subsistence, that drives the energetic and enterprising to eesk employment in cities. In olden time there was more winter manufac turing on the farm than is now possi ble. There are no more farmers, who tan hides and make 'the leather into ) boots and shoes or harnesses. All " these are put on the market so much ', ctteaper and with so much better polish by wholesale manufacturers 'vthat it L impossible for the home manufacturer, working on a small ' ecale, to compete. There are still t shoe repairers who ate able to earn a ' living in cities, but they are often . not so well paid as workers in large shops, and their number tends to de crease rather than to increase. Some farmers we have known to .prow broom corn extensively, says the American Cultivator, and manu facture at least a part of their crop into brooms. The labor is not diffi. cult to learn, and in this way in cer tain neighborhoods employment is given to a number of men Hut the wages arc set and cannot be . high. . There is too much competition to al low manufacture of brooms to be " carried on during winter, even on the J farm if high wages are paid. But if one or two farmers in each noighbor I hood should grow broom corn and I manufacture and sell it during the p winter to their neighbors, they might be able to get something better than the wholesale prices. The same is true of many other kinds of work. There are some ad vantages in the wholesale production of garden plants, like tomato, cabbago and celery, by those who grow and sell millions every year. It is cheaper doubtless for a farmer who only wants 100 or 200 plants, to buy than to grow Vthat number. But here again the nal tr Killer swui iAraJ urlll snnlv TVs build and run a greenhouse during winter employs labor: and requires capital. But if one such at least wre in every neighborhood it could supply farmers on better terms than they are likely on the average to get. The neighborhood supply of garden vege tables is what is needed to make farm gardens what they ought to be, and though the large gardeners advertiso as liberally as thoy can afford, it re mains true tiiat the local distributing wagons bringing plants to the farm er's door will furnish the supply of garden plants that most farmers will buy. It is, we are satisfied, in ways like these that the problem of winter em- oyment on tho farm must bo solved, here must bo such employment, or the supply of summer help will con tinue to decrease both in amount and quality, as it has long done. , The ways of providing farm work will vary according to locality, but that cannot be considered a "properly bal- (nced system of farming that does Jnot give some employment in winter at a rate that will something more than pay expenses to tho largor part of the help required by farm opera tions in summer. la the I-nl of Roatt Reef. John Bull is not a vegetarian. Ho erte meat and plenty of it. He thinks more of his chop or joint than any one else on earth. From the days of Hengist and Horsa this has been true of ' the inhabitants of the inland of Great Britain. Moreover, they are fond of good moat beef and mutton that has been ripened in the most anprovod manner. Mr. Van Natta's Crack" Hereford, Jerry ltusk would not have been faulted so mueh for excessive richness in -London as'- he was at tho Chicago '".Christmas ( fat stock show. .The result of this , national appetite for i choice meats t has been tho creation of a list of im proved, meat-producing breeds of British origin, such as no other na tion has ever evolved; and as skill in .breeding necessarily implies skill in feeding, it is probably true that there are probably more real export feed ers and fino "finishers" of butch ers' stock among the English and Scotch than amomg the farming population of any other one country our own not ex cepted. The British, farmer knows that the highest results in producing select beeves and muttons cannot be attained save by a dearree of watchful ly , tess and care in the breeding and feeding which is seld6m resorted to n American agriculture. While they appreciate to tho utmost the neces sity of good sires, and have success ively and successfully invoked all the powers of selection, heredity, in breeding and out-crossing,, they un questionably have a deeper realiza tion of tho true influence of good care and keep in the maintenance of form H and type than exists among our West- - . i ti?i-i i . jrn pwjuo. uue we nave only lust fairly began to study the problems involved in economical and profitable ,ng, our old country cousins have, century, been forced by mm exigencies of their situation and the exactness of the connoisseurs to whop" ey were catering to mako feeding for market almost one of the learned professions. Breeders' Ga zette. ' Proper Management of Cream. Mr. John Oliver, late principal of a dairy institute of England, has de- llveml several lectures on the proper management of cream and tho churn ing of butter. HI Ideas are sum marized by the Dairy, of London, and they are well worth considering by dairymen. It Is. he ays, generally necessary to mix tho cream tf two or three days toethT fr rburnincf. There creams 6h;ld be kept apart until brought trtgctli r for ripening, because the-anin in thoe which had been prope -iy j d'fifd would churn rapidly, the other would not. and there would come a If of fat in the buttermilk. Therefore it is necessary to he id the Most cream back so as to bring vach day's cream togethe at Hi equal a condition as possible. After tua mcin part of the cream has leen separated it is useless to con tinue churning it with the hope of obtaining t?;e balance. In ripening cream it is necessary to give a lower temperature while cows are feeding oa grass and succulent fools than when feeding on hay, grain and other dry foods. This was because of the difference of the relative proportions of the solid and liquid fats. The suc cess and economy of churning depends in a great degree on skill and judg ment in ripening the cream. Every butter maker must make a special study of this-point. Single Statu far Cows, , Single stalls are better for cows, as the danger of ono stepping on an other's teats and injuring or wholly destroying them i9 avoided. Tho cows aro kept cfyjaner when in single stalls. The usual width of the stall is four feet. Ono inch, slope in the floor from the head of the stall to tho gutter is sufficient , The leilgth of the stall depends on the size of the cow, end as some are larger than others it is common to make the floor wider at one end than the other, and thus have a regular gradation by which the small and large cows may all be accommodated. The length of floor given is the clear space botwean tho manger and the gutter. -If the floor is too long the cows will not bo kept so clean as if it is of such a length that the hind feet corno at the edgo of the gutter. Mirror and Farmer. '? Ntoolt Kotrs. Careles feeding and handling of cattle will give no profit. Corn and cob meal, with bran, makes a good feed for cattle. The profit of feeding is ' riot always confinod to the increase in weight. Ono of the first items in cattle rais ing is to breed , thorn right at the start. , It does not pay to raise scrub cat tle, as a scrub costs as much to raise as a good one. Good .feeders say to give tho corn to tho 6teer calf and oats and bran to the heifer calf. Good care goes a long way toward bringing out the good points of an unpromising animal. '. It does note pay to keep young1, growing cattle without sufficient feed to keep them thrifty. A good feeder can readily tell by the appearance of a calf whether or not it will turn out well. Milk giving and beef forming are not analagous, and each needs its special breeding and feeding. With a large class of farmers profita ble cattle feeding is almost entirely a question of lessening the cost of pro duction. There is one objection to feeding cattle without any exercise, and that is that they are more liable to tiro of their feed. Cattle will thrive better with plenty of good hay or corn fodder, without grainthan with plenty of grain aad no-roughness. Southern farmers are ahead of their Northern neighbors in many respects. They think blood and bone fertilizers are as necessary as good seed to secure a fair crop. Household Hint. The flavor of a young roasted chicken is improved by placing inside of it a bouquet of parsley, a small onion and butter the size of a walnut. If sheets or tablecloths are wrung by putttng the selvage through the wringer the edges will not curl up and they will iron much moro easily. When the edge of a rose blanket becomes worn it may be very neatly button-holed with Scotch yarn or worsted to match tho borders in color. If the wick of a lamp does not move easily in the holder draw out ono or two threads from one side. The wick should be as large a one as the holder will receive. - Half a dozen onions planted in the cellar where they can get a littlo liffht will do much toward absorb! no- and correcting the atmospheric im purities tnat are so apt to lurk in such places. Old feather beds may 1e freshened and tho feathers made lighter and moro lively by laying them on a clean grass plot during a heavy shower. Let them be thoroughly wet through, then dried and beaten with rods. By immersine a lead nenoil in a iar of linseed oil until it is thoroughly saturated, lead, wood and all, it will be found that the lead has been toughened and softened, and the Den. oil will outwear two of the untreated. Buy bar soap by the ouantitv If you want to be truly economical. stana tne bars on edge, ono abovo an other, with as much open space as possible between them. Thnv will then dry out and last almost twice as I long. , Nothing is of more benefit to ia hair than daily and vigorous brush ing, out ims entails a sadly soiled hair brush every few dava. If tha brush is dipped in ammonia water aa inea dried in the sun it will come ut as good as ne-v. ATTEMPTED JAILERS AK. IMot la the TaJilqna! PrUoa aad One (onvlrt Killed. Thi.eqca'h. Ind. Ter., Feb. 4. Yes terday when the convicts of the nation al prison of this place were rating dinner an unruly prisoner attempted to disarm the fruards ami h instant ly killed. Another was seriously wounded, and las re -overy is doubt fuL There has b-e i ill feeling between the prisoner.' and gu nl for ouie ti'tta. The prisoner h is killed wata des perate character and was nerving a term for stealiiig a horse, lie has es caped once and has been closely watched. The wounded prisoner, a Delaware Indian, ia nerving a term for manslaughter. Hi wound waa caused by a stray ballet. Biddle ia Charge. ' Topkka, Kan., Feb. 4. The expert employed by WW.' Biddle, the new state treasurer, to count the money in the vaults and cheek over tho accounts of the fllee, completed their work yesterday morning and Mr. Biddle gave to Mr. Stover, the outgoing treas urer, a receipt for everything in full and the transfer was formal ly made. . There are in the state treasury bonds to the amount of 86.6SS.80a. 8, mostly the property of the state school fund. There is ia cash $1,741,355.48. The total value of money and bonds turned over to Treasurer Bldd e yesterday morning is $8,390,355.48, for the safety of which Sir. Biddle was required to give a bond for less than one-eighth of tho amount Want Boom to Expand. Oklahoma. City, Ok., Feb. 4. The city council passed' resolutions urging the passage of the military reservation bill, and requesting the secretary of the interior to make special the cases Involving May wood addition and other tracts adjoining Oklahoma City. These resolutions were indorsed by the Commercial club and by. a mass meeting of citizens. It is claimed that the tracts of land referred to which can not now be used are needed bv the city for purposes of legitimate expan sion. Governor Hog g In Earneit. AtrsTis, Texas, Feb. 4. Governor Hogg last evening issued instructions to the sheriff of Lamar coilnty to ar rest every person connected with the burning of the negro. Smith, at Paris, Texas, yesterday. Governor Hogg says that he does not intend to let such a display of barbarism pass unpun ished in Teas; that he sympathizes deeply with the bereaved parents, but lie, as governor of Texas, proposes to eniorce the laws. A Cotton Compres Explode. . Vicksbubo, Miss., Feb. 4. A little before noon yesterday the city . was 6tartled with an earthquake shock, caused by the explosion of the old Planters' compress, located in Vicka trurg near the roundhouse of the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley railroad. The sad calamity resulted in the destruc tion of three men and the serious, if not fatal, injury of six others. Great Damage to Stock. -' Lakamik, Wyo., Feb. 4 Reports from the ranches in the vicinitjffcro to the effect that the blizzard of the past two days has been very disastrous to sheep and cattle and it is feared the worst is yet to come. In some sections the snow is from twelve to eighteen inches deep, and if it continues to lie on the ground the loss of stock will foot up large. Over a Million Ju Profit. New Yokk, Feb. 4. A meeting was held in a well known Wall street office after business hours yesterday after noon at which $1,370,000 in cash was distributed among those present by James E. Keone. That sum was part of the profits that have accrued from Keene's bull campaign In tho stocks of the Natiouul Cordage com pany. Will Kecommentl 1'oet Laureate, Loniiox, Fob. 4. Before tho debate on the address in reply to the queen's speech was resumed in the house of commons to-day Mr. Johuston asked the government who was to bo appointed poet laureisje. Mr. Glad stone curtly replied that he had no in tention of recommending the queen to appoint a successor to Lord Tennyson. Kawlea Again in the Toil. Lawrkxce, Kan., Feb. 4.Sheriff L. W. Ulndman returned yesterday morn ing from Oswego, where he arrested Frank S. Itawlen for forgery. Rawlen Is charged by Mr. James Murray, pres ident of the Bank of Baldwin City, with . forging a deed to some land owned by the latter, w ' liolea Offered a Place. DksMoixes, Iowa, Feb. 4. It has become known here that a positive tender of the portfolio of agriculture has been made to ex-Governor Boies by Mr. Cleveland, and that the latter now has the same under consideration. lodge Lindsay Nominated. Louisville, Ky., Feb. 4. At Frank fort last night the Democratic legisla tive caucus unanimously nominated Judge William Lindsay of Frankfort,, for United States senator to succeed Hon. J. G. Carlisle, resigned. NEWS IN BRIEF. M. Zola has again been an unsuc cessful candidate for the French acad emy. In Texas Dr. R. n. Jones has been found guilty of murder for the slaying cf Veal Nothing has yet been heard from the belated lacific mail steamer, the City of Peking. The strike of the Paris bakers is off, a new arrangement having been made, which goes into effect to-day. Signor Nolabartoli, ex-mayor of Palermo, has been found murdered by the side of a railway track. Mrs. W. C. Whitney, who has been dangerously ill at her residence in New York, is reported to be improv ing. Three shipwrecked seamen who killed and ate a companion have been arrested at Hamburg on a charge of murder. Henry Preserved Smith, having been vindicated by the trustees of Lane's seminary, now talks of offering his resignation. PARADED THEIR MISERY. rirertjr'a Victim tialher In a Crowd Ilat "Are Ilpred bv I'nlire. Loxix.x, Feb. S. About 50 wretch d looking victims of poverty and pri vation gathered on Tower Mil this morning and resolved t nr-ke a di p av of their rax and uii-rv be for the lonlst and eoajin-mers of parlia ment. The mob h id no settled plan of pivedure: they wen too hung-yfor tint, but one and all sutrte l in the di rection of tha pirliament bouses, the st.nger and mora rewolut taking the lead. It was a miserable looki.ig pro session. A force of constables halted the pro cession at the Thames embankment and tol 1 them they could g. no fur ther. The unfortunate huddled to gether A dlseuss what they would dot One of them began to address the oth ers. A stout, well fed policeman rushed into the croijrd and seized the orator by the neck. Some of the un employed got angry at this interf er en'v and tried to tight the police. & general melee ensue. I. several of th rioters being apparently aoxioua to be arrested, with a result of getting something to eat The police laid about with their batons and injured a number of the rioters. THIS CZAR'3 LIFE ATTEMPTED. " I' i n A Humor to That Effect Coaaea Vroas Berlin, Hut Lacks Confirmation. Bkulix, Feb. 2. A report of. an at tempt upon tho czar's life was circu lated here late last evening. The czar .and several members of his suite are said to have been injured by a bomb. No further details were given. At the Russian embassy all knowledge of such attemp', was denied. On another page of this paper may be found tbo advertisement of Mr. John Harris of Eutaw, Alabama. He oomes before us with many and very high re commends as a surer of cancer. We believe him to be an honorable gentle man who will perform all he promises. Mr. Harris was the people's party can didate for presidential elector for his district and came very near being elec ted. Tourists Trips. Round trips to to toe Paofto Coast. Short tripe to tho Mountain Resorts of Colorado. The Great Salt Lake. Yellowstone National Park the most wonderful spot on this continent. Puget Sound, the Mediterranean of tho Pacific coast And all reached via tbe Union Pacific System For detailed information caU on or address, J T. Mastih, C T. A., 1044 O St., B. B. Slosson, Gen. Agt.. Lincoln, Nth ' Stock-holders Meetingy The Stock-holders of tho Alliance Publishing Co. are hereby notified to attend tbe regular annual meeting of the stock holders at the office of the company, Wednesday Feb. 1st, at 2:30 p. m., to elect a new board of directors, and to attend to all sueh other business as may properly come before the meet irg. ; S. Edwin Thokntox, Pres. .. K, A.' Murray, Sec. BURLINGTON ROUTE. Winter Tourist Rates. Special low round trip rates are now In effect to Austin, El Paso, Houston, Lampasas, Corpus Chrlsti Galveston, Laredo, Rockpoat, San Antonio and Ye lasce, Texas; also to Doming or Eddy, N. M.; and te New Orleans aad Lake Charles, La. These tickets are good for re tarn until June 1, 1893. For tickets and further information apply to agent B. & M depot, or city office, corner O and Tenth streets. A. C. Zeimbr. City Passecrr Agent Oregon, Washington and the North Western Coiict. The consMnt demand of the traveling public to the far west f r a comfortablo and at tbe same tim- an economical mode of traveling, hat ltd te the estab lishment of what is kuown as Pullmaa Colonist Sleipers. These cars are built on the same gen eral plan as the regular first-class Pull man Sleepers, the only difference being that they are not upholstered. They are furnished complete with good comfortable hair mattresses, warm elankets, snow white linen curtains, plenty ei .towels, combs, brushes, etc., which secure to the occupajit of a berth as much .privacy as Is to be bad in first class sleepers. There are also separate toilet rooms for ladles and gentlemen, and smoking is absolutely prohibited. For full information send for Pullman Colonist Sleeper Leaflet J. T. Masttn, C T. A. 1044 O. St, E. li. SLOSSOS, lien. Agt Lincoln, Nob. Phillips-Rock Island Persoaaly Con . ducted Excursions. Thoy in a very satisfactory way, meet the demands of the public for a , Quick Trip at Cheat Rate, and you can make this trip with your family, or send your friends by this route, aad depend upon it, they will be properly cared for. . This is an old established company, and has carried more people than all othf-r excursion companies combined The conductors appointed by this ex cursion company are men who can be trusted and relied upon, and will look after your every comfort. tur next Personally Conducted excursion will leave Des Moines, Fri day, at 8:18 a. m., December 9th, and every two weeks thereafter, as per fol lowing dates: December January 6th, 20th. February 3d, 17 th and March 3d, 17th and 31st. The route of this tourist car is west throueh Iowa to Omaha, leaving that city at 1:20 coon, and Lincoln, Neb., at 3:40 p. m., same dates as above mea tloned. Write for rates and reservation in this car, or apidv to UHA8. HKKNEDY, Gen'l N.-W. Pass Agt, Omaha, Neb. Jno. Sebastian. O. T. & P. A. Chlcas-o. U 8. A. Cltv Ticket Office 847 V St.. Corner frth, Lincoln, Neb. Percheron and French Coach 2N horses. MAPLiR, Grove Farm, Champion First Premium and Sweepstakes Herd F or tic SUtes of Kmsas iBd The Nebraska State Fair Herd Premium, for best show, all Draft breeds cosa peting, was again awarded to my uorses, making the fifth year in sooeessUk that ray herd has been the recipient of this much eoreted prise. A Nebraska bred horse, raised on Maple Grove Farm, was this year awards) the First Premium and Sweepstakes at the Kansas State Fair, In compeUUoa with twenty-five bead of horses from five different states, 150 head of registered. Imported and home bred Percheron horses and mares. ... A large portion of my present stack on hand, has been raised on my Farm ami WW H Mi at prices below the resell of any importer la America. I am in a position to giro my patrons the benefit of not having paid any nxsd am, or expensive buying and transportation charges ia order to own my horse. I cordially Invite a caref nl inspection of my horses, and will guarantee tha buyer that mjr stock cannot be equaled la Amortesvelther'ta the quality or tba prices that I am asking. Write for catalogue, and don't fall to Inspect my stock bsfore buying PflPlrX p. CQfiP, FfrcpoftTi mm. CREST CITY FARM L. QANKO WILOON. rssU aM Imfartiftf EstsMMiseaLOss Kiklrssi Deft Crettea, lews. 200 Full-Blcoded Perchercn, English Shire, English Ifeckitty, ttfltaa Frsaeh Cwk, Ctoveiaai tap as ttssiari Issi Nana. W. J. WROUGHTON & CO.. Cambridge, Furnas County, Nebraska. IKPOKTEBS OF Shire, Clyde, Perekerea, Relglaa, tiermu, and Oldeaberf Ceach, Freaea Caaek, . TtrktUre We Handle lore Horses Tbia lay Fira We Import onr own honet taos f tvlng the ouitoaier thealddls maa'i profit. BaySH hvo the adveataiee pfcoaipariag all breeds elds by aide si our ttatlee. We Have 40 Cood Yoqui Aalimatid Horses on Hand. Another Importation of 40 will arrive about Oflteberl. We nieratitee all our hones very reepeot. We make farmer eompaoiei a ipectaltv, having a iretSm whereby we cm organise oompaulee sad Ineare atawliUeeucceen, We Will Send i Has te Any Part of tbe State, On application to aeaiit In erfranlalDg eompafiie. We rive long tttaethtm enabling inr FhaRbera t pay for horaea from eervioei. Cerreepradeses promptly answered, sfea ... Hon Uurpeper. f-Ad4reea, .... k W. 'X WROUGHTON & 50 SPANISH JACKS FOR SALE." FULL BLOODED CAT A LUNA i. SPANISH JACKS mPORTED SEPT., 1892. by: HO GATE DAVIS & CO. THJCSF. Jacks are from 1 to 5 ypsrs old, black with mealy points, 144 ta 16 hands hick. These Jscks were selected by Mr. J. B. Hogate the well knowa breeder, and kaperted by him ia person. Address or call at their stables. HOCATE. DAVIS & CO., Hcntioa this paper. DCLLEVILLE, KAN 0 AO. ALLIANCE STATE BUSINESS AGENCY. State Agent quotas prices on tie following goods. A good oeaunea flour at M eta. aer 100. Whits Base fkur at Ilv50 per 190. Silver Leaf " " 1.75 " M Prime lirow Sugar 100 per 180. Best Granulated Sugar 15.65 par WO. Fine Uncoloeed Japan Tea tie per lb. ti i it i2fe ". " Good Coffee 2flc per lb. A full line of Saieas, Pepper, Cinna mon, Cloves,. Ginger, Mustard, Ar Bpioe, ata, at 26o per lb. One gallen best eeai oil with glass can 40 cents. J. W. HARTLEY, , E. F. STEPHENS Prop., Crete, Net. f Sellable Trees and Plants, satif ac tion KUiirttuteed. 1.1 OjO biutht-ls ot apples and HW buftboU of chrrie crown In 1S91 shows that fruit can be grown K auuaoie trees are planted. ThH experience and advlon of the proprietor, preHldent of the state Horticultu ral society will be found safe and useful to all planters. Fnreet Trees far Timber Claims Correspond at onco before ibe extreme rush ol sprtne oraem. Choice yetlow dent feed corn, 106 bushels jxr acre. WALNUT GROVE HE WO OF POLAND CHINAS. Tha highest concentration of the Choicest Stood. Z. 8. BRANSON, Waverty, Neb. CITE MBSEB t havs th laraeat assortment of Sa ropean Breeds of anjr man la American 1 handle none bat recorded etock; I d not permit s meuthrai of hat feed to be fives; my bene are not pampered saa ire prenfviy ggjaelsed, and fed east food, wiica I think are the mala reaa oae why my Doraea&ave always Sees ucoeasful breeders. Come and viali my stavUshmeni, I am always (lad to snow my stoehY A FiW GOOD DRAFT MA RES F0M MM When arrlrhuT 'at Ometon vtatten win please telephone to the Oeest ONa Farm aad I will drive in after Utea. ' t am prepared to five loaf tuns to respond!) I parties. . Every horse guaranteed a breeder aai mast be as represented. Caaek , aad CleTsianqBay StaUI in Mmii CO., Oambriiffo, Ne Soda and'. Butter cracker 6c per lb. la . cases. 40 Grain vinegar in lugs, 25c per gal Lemon extract 2 oz. bottles SOopor do. Vanilla " " 65o " Hnost full cream Y A cheese 12ic lb. A good Overall for only 50c. . An extra good overall for 65, Rockford half hose 75c per dost. " " , " best made $1.05 a dea Write for anything you eat or wear. Stats Agt 248 S. 11th SL, Lincoln. Ntk AUCTIONEERS. Z S. BRANSON, WAVERLY, NBB. LIVE STOCK AUCTIONEER. Makee talis In Kebraaks sad ther states. Beat of references. Fourteea r ace ezperieoce. Prices reaeorutSle, correspond ccesotiotted ast satisfaction guaranteed Furnss Co. Herd, BIG BERKS. TBRCITT, 8NT. TtMraeira eiafasivetr. All sgss, eMter ez. Sews taae4. Stock jmnnoed as repre Mtee. mees rlrtt. UeiMtan (bto aapaa a. a tauAiuoK, rrop'r. 0 OMIW AMD 8MOKV -O HaTAXD IATUBAL LEAF TCSASCXs Best ctMwlng Its per lb. Beat smoktag Os. ALLIANCE TOttCCO CO., CUriltvWo, Ton. C ) r'.riisi gi in i i sT r 1 iao 1 tasjLaU