1
5J
MAMS
TENANTS
What the Census Ee porta for Kansas,
Ohio and Iowa Show The Inde
pendent ranter is Disappearing.
SOME STAfiTLMG STATIST 103.
Leu Than One-Third of the Families of
the Nation Occupy Homes
Which They Own Free of
Mortgage.
The Change la Coming.
The New York Times of August. 12,
1877, said:
"There seems to bo but one remedy
and that must come, a cbanpe of own
ership of the soil; that is, tenant far
mers on the one hand and landlords on
the other, like that which has long
existed in Europe and our own state of
California. . Everything seems ripe for
the change; half the farms of the
country are ready to be sold if the
buyers would only appear."
The change spoken of by the New
York Times la now rapidly taking
place.
The proof of this is found in such
startling facts as the following shown
by the census bulletins:
FARM OWNERSHIP.
In Kansas in 1880 only 13 per cent, of
the farms were rented.
In 1890, ten years later, 33 per cent
of the families In Kansas were renting
farms, An increase in tenantry of
from 13 to 38 per cent in ten years. If
the increase continues at that rate how
long before the change will b8 com
plete? Kansas is a new state. I jet us turn
to one of the old settled states and see
what the census shows. In Ohio in
1880 about 25 per cent, of the farms
were rented.
In 1890, more than 37 per cent, of the
families in Ohio were renters.
Tn Tnuro In 1 AAA 9) AA.f t 4V. a
farms were rented.' In 1890. over 29
per cent. ' .
The statistics of tenancy have only
been reported for a few states, but
every report so far has shown a rap
idly increasing percentage of tenants.
But these figures, startling as they
are, by no means show the full extent
to which this change has already gone.
The man ' who has a mortgage on his
farm is a virtual tenant to a greater or
less extent. And unless industrial con
ditions change, it is only a question of
. n 1 . k. - U A .
v uuia niicu iuubii ui iue uiuii&ugeu
farms will become rented farms.
The census returns from Kansas show
that nearly two-thirds of the families
owning farms in Kansas own them sub
ject to mortgages. The same is true of
' over one-fifth of the owning families in
Ohio, and of more than one-half the
owning families of Iowa.
The following table shows the per
centage of families renting farms, the
percentage owning mortgaged farms
and the percentage owning free
farms ia the three states:
to wipe out thiii intermediate class and
leave but the two classes, landlords and
tenants. Now these tables show that
in the older settled state of Ohio this
process of changing the owners of
mortgaged farms and homes into
tenants has advanced much farther than
it has in the newly settled western
states. ,
The signs of the times are so plain
that "he who runs may read," and
way-faring man though a fool need not
err therein." Not only the capital of
the country, but the land, is being rap
idly centralized into the hands of the
few. Unless a change comes, it is only
a Question of a few years when the
whole population of the country will
be divided into but two classes, the
very rich and the very poor, landlords
and tenants.
Henry George, observing the tendency
of the times, and fore-seeing its Inevit
able result, a few years ago, predicted
that the people would be ready to ac
cept his "single tax" system before
many years. It remains to be seen
whether a people who have been re
duced to tenantry and poverty have
enough manhood left to adopt and
carry out any system of reform.
Will a people who have not the cour
age and intelligence to resist the forces
which are reducing them. to. serfdom,
have the mental and moral stamina
to regain their liberty after they are
reduced to serfdom?
SOME (JUKEK VOTING.
Tenants
Kit n mis S.'i'i
Ohio 37
Iowa 'My,
Mortgaged.
43
13
87! i
Free.
fill
38
Thus we see that in Kansas less than
one-fourth the farmers own farms free
of incumbrance, in Ohio one half and
in Iowa one-third.
Truly the change spokeH of by the
plutocratic Bheet of New York is we)i
advanced. It will be completed in a
lew more years.
HOME 'OWNERSHIP.
The above statistics relate to farmers
alone. When we include the cities
and consider the whole population, the
results are still more startling and
suggestive.
Below we give a table showing what
percentage of the whole number of
families, in both city and country, are
(1) tenants, (2) families owning mort
gaged homes and (3) families owning
free homes:
Parliament and Congress.
It has been said of the English House
of Commons that it has more sense
than any one of its members. Profess
or Bryce, in his great work on the
American Commonwealth, points out
very many delinquencies of the Ameri
can Congress, and he teaches us that
when judged by the wisdom of its ac
tion, our Congress compares unfavor
ably with European legislatures, and
especially does it compare unfavorably
with the English Parliament. Yet
when he compares the personnel of the
American House of Representatives
witn that of the English House of com
mons, he surprises us by saying: "Their
average 'business capacity aid not seem
to me below that of the members of the
House of Commons of 1880-'85." Our
Standard of intelligence is lowered by
the absence of a few great lights which
adorn the English House, but it is rais
ed, aocording to Mr. Bryce, by the ah
sence of certain classes who, in the
English House, are conspicuous for
their lack of intelligence. If, then, we
take without allowance all these state
ments, we would seem to reach this
conclusion: there is something about
tiie i-ngusn House 01 Commons wniCh
makes Its action wiser than would be
the action o' tho wisest individual
statesman; while there is something
about the American legislature which
makes its actions less wise than would
be the action of its average member.
Jfrom Prof. Jesse Macvs article on J'arlia
mentary Procedure in the November Annals
of the American Accademy.
Tenants.
Kansas 48' 4
Ohio m
Iowa 36-
Mortgaged.
7
Fiee,
80
53'4
A comparison of these tables reveals
some very interesting and suggestive
facts. It will be seen that the percent
age of families renting homes is much
greater than the percentage renting
farm 8, while the percentage of mort
gaged homes is correspondingly less
than the percentage of mortgaged
farms. This indicates that the process
of changing this republic into a nation
of landlords and tenants has gone on
more rapidly in the cities than in the
country. In Kansas where only one-
third of the farmers are tenants, nearly
one-half of the whole number rent
homes. In Ohio where 37 farmers out
of 100 rent farms nearly 70 families out
of 100 rent homes. The difference is
all in the cities where the bulk of the
population has been reduced to a state
of tenantry-at-will.
Another suggestive fact is revealed
by these tables. In the old settled
state of Ohio, tho percentage of tenants
is larger and the percentage of mort
gaged farms and homes smaller. It
should be remembered that the mort
gaged farmer or home-owner is in the
intermediate state between indepen
dent ownership and tenantry. As
time passes the mortgaged class de
creases and the tenant class increases.
Tho finol iwmlt. rt iht nhnncrn will bfl I
Oir Law Makers.
According to the Grand Island Inde
pendent, the occupation ol the mem
bers of our next legislature will be
divided as follows: "Out of one hun
dred members in our next house sixty-
two are farmers, nine are lawyers six
are merchants, four are bankers, three
are editors, two are real estate dealers,
two are contractors, one is a grain
dealer, one a commission merchant
one a physician, cde a stock and coal
dealer, one an abstracter.one a nursery
man, one a cigar maker, one a school
teacher, the occupation of one is un
known, and one is a preacher. The
thirty-three in the senate are composed
of fifteen farmers, three lawyers, three
real estate dealers, two merchants, two
clergymen, two bankers, one stock
yard manager, one stock dealer, one
capitalist, one editor, one speculator,
and one brewer."
Who Owns America?
The railroad companies own 211,000,
000 acres, or enough to make six states
as large as Iowa. The Vanderbilts own
over 2,000,000 acres: Mr. Disston of
Pennsylvania owns over 4,000,000; the
Standard Oil company, 1000.000; and
Murphy of California an area equal to
that of Massachusetts. The Schenley
estate owns land from which the heirs
have received annually $1,000,000.
Twenty-one million acres are owned by
foreigners, who owe no allegiance to
our government, and are no friends to
a republic. What will our children
own? a right to pay rent. Tulare
Citizen.
No thine Surprising About It.
The much talked of money confer
ence is now in session at Brussels. The
conference promises to be long and
tedious, as such meetings usually
are, and will probably hold over
Christmas. We may rest assured that
whatever recommendations are made
will be in favor of the banking inter
ests of the world. Mr. Cannon, one of
the American delegates and president
of a national bank, while in London
wa, with others, courteously shown
through the bank of England, and
dined with the governor and other
officials. Progressive Farmer.
Tbe Basic Monopoly.
Many a man could easily work his
way out of poverty, debt and depen
dence, if he only had a bit of the land
which other people are not using, or
was not compelled to pay for the use of
that which others do not need. Land
monopoly is the basis of that system by
which an idle and non-useful class are
enabled to live in plentitude and en
joyment at the expense of the world's
workers. It is a vicious system and
must be overthrown by educating
public opinion against the enormity of
it. Man's access to land must not re
main a bought or hired privilege, but
become an asserted right. Bertrand
Herald. " I C.TT 1
Why Voter Make Mistakes Th
Australian Law Need Amending.
Editor Alliance-Independent: "
I have promised a number of our in
dependent voters that I would start the
question concerning mst necessary
changes on our present election laws in
The Alliance-Indkpenbent. I will
do this now in due season so as to give
opportunity to hear different views on
the subject. All with whom I have
met admit that our election laws can
be improved, but how is not so easily
settled. I think there is one change
which will meet with the approval of
every honest voter.
I have always been under the impres
sion that the way of printing the
ticket is the greatest fault, and your
last week's report about the "g. o.
tricks" concerning Mr. McKeighan of
the "fifth district" confirms me in my
belief. I have been on the election
board both times since our new law
took effect, and it was easy to see that
many voters made mistakes. Some of
our foreigners who may have as good
an education as the average American
will not 8 wear that they can't make
out their ticket. It is too humiliating
for them, and I don't blame them for it.
They would rather run their chances
of getting them right and in most
cases they thus vote to some extent
against their own sentiments.
I will state some few examples which
occurred in our precinct: A man
voted for five republican electors and
five democrats. A man voted for inde
pendent governor and republican lieu
tenant governor. One voted lor but
one elector and four road supervisors
Another voted for sixteen electors,
One ticket I remember ran about thus
Seven democratic electors, one inde
pendent elector, republican governor,
democratic lieutenant governor,
prohibition secretary of state, Inde'
pendent auditor, republican treasurer,
independent attorney general, two
commissioners of public lands and
buildings, prohibition and democratic,
two congressmen independent-democrat
and prohibition, etc, until he came to
road supervisor when he voted for all
four candidates. Now that ticket show
ed that either the man's politics were
most terribly mixed or he did not know
what he - was about; the latter
most probable. I could give other ex
amples but these will prove what
want to prove and that is: "Our ticket
must be plainer," and not give so much
opportunity for mistakes and for "she-
nannagin" (has Webster got the word?)
in the printing. I like the Indiana
law. There the ticket of each party is
printed m a separate column. X sup'
pose you are b8tter posted on this than
am and 1 know you would do us a
favoivin explaining it in your next
number. Then we 'Can talk it over
with our legislators and senators if
we are iuckv enougn to nave tnem on
our side. They can thus find out the
sentiment of the people, and vote in
telligcntly when they go to Lincoln. E
Very respectfully yours,
A. S. LOHMANN.
COMMENTS.
No doubt hundreds of other election
officers have "canvassed" just such
ballots as Mr. Lohmann describes. As
we stated last week there is a very
general sentiment for a change. This
is not a partisan question. Democrats
and republicans are just as much in
terested as independents in improving
the present law. Hence voters of all
parties should discuss this matter, and
make their conclusions known to their
members of the legislature.
The Indiana ballot has each ticket in
a separate column. At ttie head of
each ticket is a picture. A rooster
heads the democratic ticket. An eagle
stands at the head of the republican
column. A cottage heads the prohibi
tion ticket and a farmer and a laboring
man grasping hands is the emblem of
the populists. The voter who desires
to vote the straight ticket of his party
simply puts an X opposite the head of
the ticket. If he desires to vote
AMONG OUH EXCHANGES
mixed ticket, he must omit the X at
the head of ticket and place an X oppo
site the name of each candidate voted
for.
There are of course .objections to
this form of ballot. The cnief objec
tion is that it conduces to the voting
of straight tickets. Hundreds of
voters who might exercise judgment
in choosing between candidates in
voting the ballot we now have in Ne
braska, would not do so, if they can
dispense with the whole matter by
making an X opposite the head ml
the ticket. 1 Against this it may be
argued that the intelligent voter who
really wants to use a little time and
judgment in making out his ballot, can
do so as easily with the Indiana ballot
as with any other.
lhis question should be thoroughly
debated in literary societies and politi
cal clubs of the state during the next
two months. editor.
Resignation a Crime,
For a long time a sham an.reL with
borrowed robes of virtue and a stolen
sceptre of authority, has tried to uer-
suade the world that fortitude and
submission combined are lovelv. mi
hat a suffering creature on his knees
with teethset to unmurmuringlv bear
and endure, is a spectacle worthy
both of sympathy and reverence. To
this counterfeit angel many men and
women nave written beautiful, sad
poems and pathetic storiea and manv
thousands of people, but chiefly al
most wholly, women, have offered up
their uncomplaining, unprotestinsr
lives, with a martyr's confidant hnn
future reward. All this is pro
foundly wrong; for patience under
evil is tacit encouragement of evil,
and to submit to pain is to sanction
the torture. Resignation is selfish
ness under another name, is coward
ice under a white veil of goodness.
The patient endurance of wrong
leaves ,wrong free to elsewhere spread
tself in this generation and to trans
mit its widened influence to the next
generation. The Dawn, Australia.
Subscribe for
PENDENT.
The Alliance-Indq-
The farm mortgages amount to $245,
000,000 in Kansas; in Illinois, $380,000,
000; in Iowa. $220,000,000; and in Miss
ouri, $214,000,000, an aggregate of over
$1,000,000,000 in four Statea.-Stockville
Faber.
When the legislature convenes, the
independents should select a man for
United States senator, one who has
been thoroughly identified with the
movement, with an unassailable record
for honesty, integrity and morality, so
there may be no qusetion arise as to
where he stands and what he may do if
elected, and after having chosen such a
man to vote for him first, last and all
the time. Kearney Standard.
Hon. J. Sterling Morton has been
playing before -fair audiences each
night during the past campaign in the
role of John Sherman, as the western
agent of the eastern gold bug. Crete
Democrat.
At the monetary conference now
being held at Brussels, Alfred de Roth-
child of the English delegation, has
proposed a scheme, which is really a
death blow at free coinage of saver.
This is the same Hothchild who has
formed a syndicate with $240,000,000.00
capital to control the brewing interests
of the United states, cunning old iox
He knows that he can absolutely run
any government whose finances he can
control, and the liquor interests are
the unscruplous influences he pro
poses to weild to secure and hold the
financial reins of this government.
Allen News.
Th AffgTf-iMivenv of Capital.
Capital in tho midst of ever-in
creasing wealth, refuses to allow
labor to share in the wealth produced.
It controls weges and keeps them
down to the mere subsistence point
Labor resists strikes for higher
wages; it is locked out, and non-union
or competitive labor is emnloved in
its place, lhis is the turn of the
thumb-screw of torture for labor; it
is work at the wages offered or
starve. Labor knowing that its life
depends upon organization, attacks as
its deadly foe non-union labor: then
capital calls to its aid the military
powers of state and nation, and labor
is coerced and rendered powerless.
reaco. under ucn circumstances, is
delusive; it is the peace of prostration
of subjugation it is peace enforced
by the bayonet.
If capital succeeds in breaking up
labor organization and enslaving the
workers, the decline and fall of the
republic is certain. An overpower
ing monopolistic civilization doomed
to peri3h through its own weakness
and corruption, will be the next
stage in the growth of society. If,
however, the people are sufficiently
strong to resist the aggressiveness of
capital, interlocked and intertwined
as it is with all the powers of church
and state; if, through political meth
ods and the introduction of industrial
co-operation, an entire change of the
industrial system is effected, and
wealth becomes equitably distributed,
then the future prosperity of the
nation is assured. The turmoil of
war will cease, and peace and pros-
pority will be the common heritage
of all the people. Sociologic News.
THB j
GLOBE
Government Holp.
The American government sava
that it is impractical for government
to financially aid tho individual
Some have demanded that it aid set
tlers to reach the public lands and
start them in tho develonmRtit. of
farms. Others have demanded that
it loan money to the farmers whose
farms are mortgaged, at a low per
cent of interest, thus helping them to
escape the ruinous interest rates that
Shy lock demands. But the govern
ment replies to such demands that
compliance would not be practical.
Perhaps it is not advisable to do these
things though this is a question
but it is perfectly practical. It is
U3t as practical to loan the farmer
money as it is to loaD a banker mon
ey, and the government has been do
ing that for twenty years. . It is just
as practical to loan a farmer
money as it is to loan money to the
Pacific railroads, and the government
has done that The Farmer's Voice
believes that justice requires tbe gov
ernment to do one of two things at
all events. It should ston 1
money to any class or else loan it to
every class that can furnish adequate
security. If the government will
print bank bills, and guarantee tbeir
redemption, to enable rich Mr. A. to
do a banking business for profit it
ught to print government notes and
guarantee their redemption to loan to
poor Mr. B who owns a $0, 000 farm
with a $2. 000 mortgage on it Use
11 alike is all we ask of our govern
ment
Do J4ot FaiT to See
Our Overcoats
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They CANNOT BE EQUALLED for the money
Elsewhere. '
ii) Men's ai)d poij's SlJlTS
for Winter wear we will show you the best values to j
be had. Come and see them at the
1
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hi
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Oof Oapd JOth St,
BEST WESTERN COAL ODR SPECIALTY.
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LUTIONS TO GET ONE STROKE OF THE PUMP.
.THE GLOBE IS THE IDEAL MILL FOR THE FARMER, THE
STOCKMAN AND THE IRRIGATOR. ?
BUY ONLY THB GLOBB.
GE0.W. HOFFSfADT State Agent,
Please Mention This Paper.
$1.50
i
FOR SALE.
I offer my farm of 200 acres, two and
a quarter miles north of Wahoo, for
sale. A good two story house, four
rooms down stairs, three np, pantrv
and three clothes presses, a good cellar
18x28: six acres ol bearing orchard and
plenty of small fruit; two wells, one
wind mill, horse barn 36x36, room for
fifteen or twenty tons of hav: cattle
shed 82 ft. room for 44 tons of hay,
with stone foundation Many other
improvements. Terms, one half cash
down or all, or to suit purchaser. $40
per acre. H. H. Verkell.
Wahoo, Neb.
Tourists Trips.
Round trips to to the Pacific Coast.
Short trips to the Mountain Resets
of Colorado.
The Great Salt Lake.
Yellowstone National Park the most
wonderful spot on this continent.
rueet Sound, the Mediterranean of
the Pacific coast.
And all reached via the Union Pacific
System. For detailed information call
on or address,
J. T. Mastin, C. T. A., 1044 O St.,
E. B. SLOS30N, Gen. Agt..
Lincoln, Nek
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uur list ol cnoice literature is mada nr nf fho Koo .
reliable reform books, by the most noted writers. If von want, i I
Vpipn nnstorl nn tho OTeatniioctmno Vof--nrv V, A -, 4 i !
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I J I I I I I I 1, l Till .fill III II! I II IV I I I 1 nnMA n. n I . f i I : .
oest dooks published.
fAtftm. LOTH.
UEN. J. ti. WEAVER, A Call to Action. A valuablp. hnnlr t.W.
should be read by every one, send for a copy. Cloth and Gold
Stickney, The Railroad Problem. The greatest sensation of thn
year is this great book on the railway problem by a railway
president. Cloth edition has 14 illustrative diagrams. e;o
Hamlin Garland. Mr. Garland is one of the brilliant,
our times, and his pen speaks eloquently in behalf of the toiling
masses. The following are some of his best works:
"Jason Edwards," Treating of Farm and Factory, . k
"Main Travelled Road,' Six short stories, -
"A Member of the Third House." The lobby in poiitics'.'.'." " n
IGNATIUS Donnelly, Cfesers Column, The book of the fipnt.n
"Dr. Huguet," Southern story with moral .
Opie P. Read. Among American humorists Mr. TlpaA atar,a
the head, and "as a little humor now and then, is relished bv
the best of men" we add two of his books to our- n,t Tu.r.
are clean' and pure, and are worthy of a place in everv libra
"A Kentucky Colonel," y UDraiT-
"Emmet Bonlore," A newspaper man,
Copley Square Series, Comprising the followingfour' excellent
"Bond Holders and Bread Winners," King
"Money, Land and Transportation," three essays " "oc
"Industrial Freedom," Four articles from noted authors 'o-
"Esau, or The Bankers Victim," Bland aurs 2o
Miscellaneous and special.
"Whither are we Drifting," Willey, .
"The Farmers' Side," Senator Peffer of Kansas 50
"The Coming Climax," Hubbard, ' r
' 'The Great Red Dragon, " Woolf oik, . . 50
"Looking Backward," Bellamy 50
"A Financial Catechism," Bnce 50
"A Tramp in Society," Cowdtry '. 50
"Pizarro and John Sherman," Mrs. Todd.'.". 50
"Money Monopoly," Baker 25
"Labor and Capital," Kellogg 25
'"In Office," Bogy f. .20
"Ten Men of Money Island", Norton..' 25
" " " " " German edition J
"Geld, Schilling," German edition. . . . 10
"Seven Financial Conspiracies," Emery. . . 10
Songs and Music. 10
"Songs of the People." Gibson. Words onlv
"Songs of the People," Published in sheet music 0
t ?!.ndf0?l0gu!. and prices- TheJ "e number one
"Labor and Alliance Songster," words only umoerone'ft
" ' Music edition. i0,Perdoz-
"Songs of Industry." Howe " ver8' " " f
$1.
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Any book on this list sent post paid on receipt of "price,
to Alliances or clubs wishing to purchase a librarv
We are offering the ALLlANCE-lNDapurwnTi'WTi .
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