:ii : f P 1 I. 1 1iA r i FAIiM AND HOUSEHOLD. THE BASIC ;fruit PRINCIPLES CULTURE. OP Drainage, Fertility, Cultivation Rrred - for Beef Frozen liulter Stink Notes and Iloase- hold Helps. t'rlrciple of Fruit Culture. f. Fruit culture is afflicted with many ."evils, and for those evils numerous ' cures are prescribed, usually with lit - tie or no effect, and so the two-fold evil of harm to the fruit and the in fliction of nostrums goes on to the determent and no small discourage ment of fruit-growing. And the eil will continue, if not increase, tilf more rational c.iurse is pursued, name, ly carrying out the principles that apply, suit in r the treat ment to the condition as cir cumstances ilia- require; in other , words, giving thorough, intelligent y cniiure. in is is not a panacea, says ' Coleman's Kur;: I World, hut it strikes iX the root of iiwi of the evils, and Bts fruit culture on, a successful basis. A knowledge of the principles that ap ply is necessary to distingui-.li and di rect as circumstances may require, suiting the culture to the varied de mands of climate, sorts of fruit and oil, and other circumstances of our widely diversified country, never los ing sight of general principles that . necessarily apply to all, whi.'h must be respected or harm will as certainly result. Experience has demonstrated ' that under all circumstances, a dry, deep soil is the best, stagnant water j not then being able to harm the roots, sor the extreme heat and cold reach them. This is the first thing to be considered, yet few avail themselves of it. There is considerable trouble and expense, for most soils must first be drained and nhicrwise treated to be fit for an orchard. This is imperative, bo high success can be obtained wiinout it l-.muilly important is fertility, but with great qualification. It is well known that fruit trees, like other crops, are usually in need of manure; bat what is less considered, it is equally important to avoid excess, "here must be enough enrichment for a full growth, ooth of wood and fruit no more less ana tins lie kept up, changes being always more or less hurtful. More gVowth will result in immature wood, too tender to with stand the cold of winter, or if barely flflnmrr. nnt. pnmlnrr mif. in lmf ....... I j m . i , a rmii'i n rr fruit. Ao-tn th. 9 fertility, it is not all dependent upon the quality of the manure applied. ,4, mere in. T.ne,. jninning out ot. the fruit and wood remaining, surJul Esmaining, sutfuTyTHJ-thTis f . far the place of manure. Cultivating and mulching the soil will also aid. The true orchard 1st will avail himself of those means, and of the manure, if any, Which is required to secure the de sired vigor, which favors the soundest raid healthiest growth, both of , wood 'Bllu lfu'fl, 'kttttCig'tlRs balance 'estab- Lshed betweenthem to their mutual benefit, particularly as to the wood, as 'tod wood U necessary to produce f-i' Bod fruit Sach a growth will be I '. abundantly le, with hardy sorts, to f withstand oJr severest winters and our hottest andidriest summers, the size, soundness ind quality of the fruit in- ereaserL Vtll more nerfect mnt.iirifcv. V-jj4ind ,wi( our observation has im pressed. -us with as more important still, is less blasting ol the blossoms and the premature dropning of the fruit The Horticultural Times. Breed hie for Beef. The two great hindrances to the im provement of beef in this country are the neglect to obtain better results from the herds by selection, feedinsr and breeding, and the general idea that any kind of scrub stock can be sold. The scrub bulls are a menace to our stock business, and they should be ' killed off from the pastures of the v iiasi ana tne west, and replaced by Liiutz, nui-ua-u oues oi some recogmzea Iworth. The dairy cows of similar : stock, half-fed and lean, must give jj way to those of superior merit, whose ", keep will be well paid for by their , extra products. Cattle-raising in every . part of the country can be improved by the introduction of somo of the "well-known breads f cattle, such as the Devons and Galloways in Colorado and Wvomintf. where bone irrowth la I VKO rapid; the Herefords, Polled Aber h Aleen-Anirus cattle in regions -1ipmi iha soil and pasture are poorer than in the rich bluegrass sections where the Shorthorns and Jerseys do so well. I To insneet the lipnla nf tlm 'n,,ti I l - ... . . v. . .'11, V II LI 1,1, Western and Southern states one must be impressed with the great amount pi poor stock that is kept from year to i War, and from which successive fiocits We bred, regularly. In portions of -these stalls there are some hic-h-rrrHrln ,cattle grwn, which, when fattened jon corn, compete successfully with any of the beeves of England or Scotland. I But the rule is. the st oclf IS QTThe dairy cows are worn out pecime of their class, even among he fair lrVjres'of New York state. ' 'his loss o:f;s more directly to the armer than -jto any one else. The peef-loviug pcblic can get what they want, even if they : ive t import it 'jthe poor grade of beef, then, must bo sold to the poor at reduced rates, and , the farmer receives only a small re I rauneration. ' jln the West there have been im-. provements in this line which shows that some of the cattle owners realize what superior beef is worth. Fine "vyestern dr?ssed meats are comin" into the Atlantic seaboards in quanti ties, and those who would command the best prices for their meat must pro- "as good beef as this coming from ertile plains of the West. Farin- n the East who only raise their old b stocl: are being forced out of market by this improvement, and even tno.ign cigmj to tun markets tney cannot find good a!e along with the Miperior Western beet. It pays to raise a gK.l thing. It pays to start the herd on a good foundation, and thea to breed closely for good qualities, and to feed on a scientific basis. Those wha do this make money in the dairy busines-. aui in cattle-raising. Hut those who from ignorance or perversity cling to the old slip-shod methods are daily complaining that the Eastern ca'.tle and dairy business is being made un profitable by Western growers. They ship meat and dairy products East, and crowd out those nearer home. This is true wherever better articles are obtained from the West, but there are Eastern dealers to-day who are making money in the business. 'Jieir beeves are as fine as, if not superior to, those from any other part of the country, and their dairy pro ducts havL th'3 n:im for the same qualities. American Cultivator. Frozeu Butter. Without having made experiments to prove whether our theory were correct, we have been of the opinion that it hurt the keeping quality of butter to freeze it. The Creamery Journal, after stating that we can now freeze butter at as low a cost as we used to hold it in cold storage, says: A-ter experiments covering a range of the past five years, it has been demonstrated tnat this (freezing) is the only proper way to hold butter. Rutter made last June and held on till May, came out in tip top condition. Not a tub oily, and all of a very fine flavor. Repeated ex periments have shown us that butte r frozen will stand up longer after being taken out of the freezer than that held in the ordinary cold storage. Ihe Orange Judd Farmer comments as follows upon this, and expresses the views of many: "Creamery Jour nal should be oou authority on dairy matters, and it may be; but we must differ from one of its statements un less it is bavked up with a clear show ing by accurate details of the 'five years' experiments.' Xo doubt butter will keep in go d condition when thoroughly fro.-n Hat our experi ments and information obtained from large shipper.-, like John Newman, of Elgin, etc., indicate that butter will uoc siauu up in its quality, ueyona a brief time, when thawed out after be ing frozen. On the contrary, as soon as it, maws deterioration Degins very soon, and unless kept very cold it will be poor stuff in a short time. A tub of extra Elgin butter got frozen by delay on a freight train. I'art taken out and thawed was very good at first It was kept in a cool cellar pantry, but Jtgpt deteriorating, and in ten days was unfit TTHsJt. The part kept froz en was still excellent, but anv Dortion of it thawed ofct diminished its value the same as t,arst. A second similar experience resulted in the same way. The expansion! by frost is about one- tenth the bulk any period. What say intelligent butter-makers and ship pers?" Journal of Agriculture. JCk Note. Cattle requirfe a routine, as do all other stock. The essential; principle in successful cattle breedingjis care. Cattle never Should suffer from the inclemency of tie weather. The man whtk knows how to keep on the right side of the fnl to stock. ! market is merci- Horns on cattla have long since been determined a nuisance, and the sooner they are rid of )lie better. Cattle fattened when two or a little past are generally profitable; after that it general! decreases. It will do to tilk iabout a best beef cow and a best dairy cow all in one, but it is largelyjtvind wasted. By startine the calf risrht and carry ing through the, prst winter thrifty it will make a better beef animal. When the milK Or butter cannot be sold at a profit a good plan of manage ment is to feed to good, healthy calves. There is no advantage in breeding the heifers too early, as the whole systems of the young mothers will be weakened and ddranged. Household Helps. Emery powder twill remove ordinary stains from ivory knife handles. A towel wet at line end and pinned around the neck will cure sore throat. Lay a piece of tafcoal upon a burn, hour, and the burn leave it there on will be healed. Scratches and bc:iises may be taken from furniture byiiising the kernel of a walnut or butteHnut. To make the eynbrows grow better ruo common saLl into them night before goingj :o bed. every Clean white sheepskin rutrs In- scrubbing with caii'.ile soap and water, ying thoroughHjin the sun. IJlaek currant wine 'is an excellent medicine for forte -s, ulecous sore throats and putridjf ysentery. Crude oil is exceltenc to wipe wood work and furniture with, according to a painter. Wipe tff; with a clean towel. ' Meat can be kept ji'ery nicely for a week or two by covering it with sour milk or butter-milk'iind placing it in a cool cellar. The bare or fat need not be removed. Rinjdhvell before using. A little care to straighten out the stems and leaves in b bouquet, and to take out the withered and straggling parts, will improve fit so much that one realizes., that fcven flowers are daintier for dainty h met. ing. When the face is u -ually pale, bathe it in tepid water, rul Jing briskly with a Turkish towel. ' 'hen apply every day the following p eparation: Four ounces of rose wate . two ounces of glycerine and one punco of diluted liquid ammonia. Ku t it well into the skin for about three iinutes, and then wipe off with a soft towel. IOWA l-MHMH AM) IIOMK. Tw,-t lilrdu untie Farmer)" are either Kenter-, or have tlirir I'arms Mortgaged ashixgton. Nov. Hi. A bulletin issued yesterday by the census bureau gives s'atiotii s of farm aud home owner ship and debt thereon in Iowa. There was in the census year 1S00, 3.017 families in ihe btatc. of which 20o.4.'53 are on laruis. Of thtte 14-i.CHS own the farms: 00.- 737 rent. Of the owning fr-milies 77.111 have incumbrances, (7,587 have none. Of the 18X082 families, other than those n farms, l(j0,7fi; aro owners, 82,- 31!) renters. Owneis free from incumbrance num ber 73,802; incumbered. 2i.4til. City homes are bind and incumberr in a greater degree than is found out side of cities. Lunsonthe n.lll farms asgregate ?lni.74.).i34; on the 20,801 homes $1 700. S70. tl tie of incumbered farms is $.'10" 0.)8,00!t: the incumberunce on homes ) twelve of the largest cities in the state is 23.7 per cent- ot their value: the debt on incumbered homes out bide these cities is 32.75 of their value. ihe average value or owned and in cumbered farms is S3.804: uveruge debt $1,31!': average rate of interest, 7.30 pe cent: a vet age annual interest charge S'.7 to each family; average value owne and incumbered homes, !i1.88; average debt, $(i.'i!: average annual interest charge to each family, $"1. In the cities tho avcrrgo value is $2,710: the average debt 0'.tl3: average annual in teresi charge $38. Ccms of Thought Ire in I nger soli's c IiCctures. Man has advanced just in proportion as he has mingled his thoughts with his labor. Religion is simply the science of hu man duty, the duty of man to man. It is the highest science of all. Abraham Lincoln, was in my jud ment, in maDy respects, the grandest man ever president of the United StateSi Upon his monument these words should be written: "Here sleeps the only man in the history of the world, who, hav ing been clothed with almost absolute power, never abused it, except on the side of mercy." Our fathers worshiped tho golden calf. The worst we can pay of an American now is, he worships the gold of the call. The time will come when no matter how much money a man has, he will not be respected unless he is using it for the benefit of his fellow-men. I would rather be a beggar and spend my last dollar like a king, than to be a king and spend money like a beggar. Let us teach our children that the happy man is the successful man, and that the happy man is the one that al ways tries to make some one else happy, Make your home happy. Be honest with your children. Give them a little liberty, and you can not drive them out of the house, lhey will want to stay there. ThA man urhn rnta ha nwn iViiri Vtnir is a slave, and does nbt do his duty to his fellow-men. You can never be so poor that what ever you do, you can't do It in a grand and manly way. The Corner Stone of Bi-Metallism. A general fall in prices has occurred duriDg the last twenty years and still continues. The average fall per year has not been far from two per ceot. This means a stupendous disaster to the debtor class. Applied to farm mortgages alone written in four west- ern states Detween ioou ana isau it represents an arbitrary transfer from debtors to creditors of twenty-three millions per year. A monetary system, then, which permits such a fall in rrices is sell-condemned, and cannot maintain itself in the face of the public conscience, it is disnonest ana in iquitous. The great law of justice de mands that the circulation bo enlarged until the fall in prices ceases, the great cornerstone of the iSuch is bi-metal- list theory. Suppose a man lend a sum represent ing the product of a hundred day's labor. At the end of twenty years the general improvement in production has been such that the same goods can be produced by 6ixty day's labor. The bi-metallist contends that sixty day's . labor, or its equivalent in commodities, should satisfy the debt. The value of the forty dayi' labor, representing the benefit of industrial progress, remains with the debtor. The monometallist contends that one hundred day's labor, or its equivalent in commodities, should be required to satisfy the debt. The value of forty days' labor being the premium due to the advance of indus try, should, therefore, bo made over to the creditor. Prof. Edward A. Ross in Annals of Academy of Social and Polit ical Science. A I is; Ji 1 ii 1 n ( hunj;e Artist, on Ilvlrr lint I don't see II how you could enough ' fly in love with man Ion." I marry him. Didn't you ever change your mind cepted Charley? after von ac iurs. l.ovey .Mercy, it four times while we. .Tp the church aisle. res: I changed were wulkinsr Ilolfl Life. Jackson What time do you wake up in the morning usually? Jimson Four o'clock. ' Great snakes! Why so early?" "I board at a hotel, and that's the hour the man in the next room goes to bed." Invention Not Needed. Lady Why don't the railroads have mechanical appliances for loading- aud unloading trunks? Depot Master Well, you see, madam, lifting the trunks into the cars doesn't hurt anything but the men, and throw injr them out doesn't hurt anything but the trunk 4. The first article in th Annala of tho American Academy of l'olitical and Social Science, for November, 1S'.I2, is fey Prof. Wm. Smart, the eminent English economist, and treats of the "Effects of Consumption of Wealth on Distribution.' The second article is a scientific defence of bi-metallism, by Prof. E. A. lloss, of Cornell University. The tit'e of tho paper is the" The Standard of Deferred Payments." The other two principal ariichs aro con tributed by Prof. Jesse Macy. of Iowa College, andi.fr. S M. Lindsay, of the University of Hallo, l'rof. Macy's article is on "Parliamentary Proced ure, and Mr. Lindsay's on ''Social Work at the Krupp Foundries." Be sides these main articles, there is an excellent account of the recent meet ing of the American Economic Associa tion meeting. There are also the usual personal notes, book reviews and notes. 1 'or Sale. IfiO acres improved land in Webster county, all lenctd. good buildings, wind mill and 13-aere hog lot, two miles from Hoscmont, six miles from Blue Hill. Address, C. Lyon, Kosemont, Nebr. 1'OU sali:. Seventy-five Poland China pigs, April and May farrow. Sired by Virgiuit Lud 84o7 S: he by Business 20 IS!): dam Virginia 3'.'5S8 by Teeumseh 4339. Sows by Geo. Wilkes, Equality, Teeumseh and many other noted sires. There are none better bred. Will breed a few sows for sale to Groom 1 7087 O, A Grand King Teeumseh boar and Square Busi ness 2nd for spring litters. E. II. Andkews, Kearney, Neb. Oregon, Washington and the North Western Coast. The constant demand of tho traveling public to the far west for a comfortable and at the game time an economical mode of traveling, has led te the estab lishment of what is known as Pullman Colonist Sleepers. These cars are built on the same gen erai pian as tne regular nrst-class Pull man Sleepers, the only difference being wat mey are noi upnoistored. lhey are furnished complete with good comfortable hair mattresses, warm LuanKets, snow white Jlnen curtains plenty ef towels, combs, brushes, etc.. which secure to the occupant of a berth as much privacy as is to be had in first class sleepers. There are also separate tonei rooms ior ladies and gentlemen. and smoking is absolutely prohibited. t or mil information send for Pullman Colonist bleeper Leaflet. J. T. Mebtjn, C T. A. 1044 O. St.. E. B. Slosson, Gen. Agt. Lincoln, Neb. Send ten cents in stmns to John So bastam, Gen'l Ticket and Pass. Agt, C., R. I. & P. R'y. Chicago, for a pack oi me "itocic island" navinar Cards. They are acknowledged the best, and worth five times the cost. Send money order or postal note for 50c, and we win sena nve pacKs Dy express, prepaid, Homes and Irrigated Farms. Gardens and Orthards in the Celebrated Bear River Valler on the Main Lines oi tho Umoa Pacific and Centra! Pacific R. R. near Connns and gden, Utah. Splendid location for business and in. dustrles of all kinds in the well known city of Corinne, situated in the middle or the valley on the Central Pacific R.R. The lands of the Bear River valley are now tnrown open to settlement by the construction of the mammoth system of irrigation from the Bear lake and river, just cempleted by the Bear River Canal Co., at a cost of 83,009,000. Th com pany controls 100,000 acres of these fine ands and owns many lots and business lecati ns in the city ef Corinne, and is now prepared to sell on easy terms to settlers and colonies. The climate, soil, and irrigating facilities are pronounced unsurpassed bv comoetent Indcroa who declare tho valley to be tho Paradise of the Farmer, Fruit Grower and Stock Raiser. N ice social surrou ndings, rood schools and churches at Corinne City, and Home Markets exist for every kind of farm and garden produce in the neighboring cities of Ogdea and Salt Lake, aDd in the great mining camps. Lands will be shown from the local of fice of the Company at Corinnw. 15tf AUCTIONEERS. Z, S. BRANSON, WAVERLY, NEB. LIVE STOCK AUCTIONEER. Makes salSB in Nebraska and thtT states. Post of references. Fourteen v ars pxnpripnn- l'riees reasonable, correspond i (solicited and ilisfiiction u'uaranteed FOR SALE. Long deep bodied U.S.P.C. PICS. mm Good color, short legf", fcrnart back, good feet md head. Alllaiicn ji r i c c s, satisfaction uaranteed UStf Kearney, Neb. BISCHEL BROS. Furr.as Co. Herd, BIG BERKS. BEAVER CITY, NEB. Thoroughbred exclusively. All np;es, either fpx. Mows bred. Stock guaranteed as repre sented. Pricus riplit. Mention this paiirr. U. S. WILLIAMSON, I'rop'r. J. M. ROBINSON, KE3ESAW, ADAMS CO., JiEB. Breeder and shin per of recorded Po land Chin.. Hogs. Choice breeding stock tor sale. Write for wants. Mention Alliance. L. H.SUTER Noligh, Neb, Breeder of fancy Po land China swine and P. R. fowls. Ma jority of pigs sired by Free Trades Best, remainder by Paddys Chip aud Lytles Dandy. Free Trades Best Is sired by Free Trade, the great show hog that was sold fer f 800, being the highest priced hog In ex istence. Had a full sister to Free Trade in my herd lor 3 yean and have many fine sows from X WW J SSI ifr4l Percheron and French Coach HORSES. Maple. Groyr Farm. Champion First Premium and Sweepstakes Herd For Ihe States of Kansas and ' Tho Nebraska State Fair Herd Premium, for best show, all Draft breeds con petiug, was again awarded to my horses, making the fifth vear in succession that my herd has been the recipient of this much coveted prize. A Nebraska bred horse, raised on Msplo Grove Farm, was this year awarded the rirst Premium and Sweepstakes at the Kansas State Fair, in competition with twenty-five head of horses from five different states, 150 head of registered, imported and homo bred Percheron horses ani mares. A large portion of will De Sold at prices below the reaea of any importer ia 'America. I am in a position to givo my patrons the benefit of not having paid any fixed sum. or expensive buying and transportation charges in order to own my horses. I coruiaily invito a carefnl inspection of my horses, and will guarantee the buyer that my stock cannot bo equaled in America, either in the oualitv or thei-. prices that I am asking. Write for catalogue, and don't fail to CREST CITY FARM L. BANKS WILSON. Breeding and Importing Establishment, Ona Mile Irom Depo Cieslon, lewa. 200 Full-Blooded Percheron, English Shire, English HackRey,, Belgian French Coach, Cleveland Bays and Standard Bred Horses. ill . in .. . W. Cambridge, Furnas County, Nebraska. IMPORTERS OP Shire, Clyde, Fercheron, ftelgian, German, and Oldenberg Ceacfe, French Coach, Yorkshire Coach , and Cleveland! 'Bay Stallions. We Handle More Horses Than Any Firm We import onr own horses thus saving the customer the middle man'e proflt. Bayers have the advantage of comparing all breeds side by side at our stables. We Have 40 Good Young Acclimated Horses on Hand. Another importation of 40 will arrive about October 1. We guarantee all onr horses every respect. We make farmers companies a specialty, having a system whereby we can organize companies and Insure absolute success. We Will Send a Man to Any Part of the On application to assist In erRanlzlng companies. We give long time thus enabling pnr chashers to pay for horses from services. Correspondence promptly answered. Jfen lion this paper. Address, W. J. WROUGHTON & 50 SPANISH JACKS FOR SALE. FULL BLOODED CATALUNA SPANISH JACKS. IMPORTED SEPT., 1892, BY HO GATE DAVIS & CO. THESE Jacks are from 1 to 5 years 16 hand8 high. These Jacks were selected breeder, and imported by him in person. HOCATE, DAVIS & CO., Mention this paper. BELLEVILLE, KANSAS. Great AUcUoi) Sale Jersey CaUle qto Poland chiias. t "River Side Stock Farm," One Mile West of Penitentiary, known as C. M. Branson Farm.. flOVElVIBEr? 22, 892. 75 HEAD OF FINE BRED POLAND CHINA HOGS. Seventy five head of thororiKhbred Poland China", consistine of 25 or 30 verv fi nd the balance Kilts and brood sowe. Van Dee Lee. our herd the past season, lie is the best all sround my connrnis our estimate. v e Have not sold a pi a thin Reason and shall not till the sale. The flerini; will he of our very best and no culls, the mos-t of them the product of tl fine and wll known herd formerly owned by Kev. O. Cotnptonof Bennett, Nib., he having put his Jerseys and Poland Chinas into the undersigned firm the past seasou. 20 HEAD OF JERSEY CATTLE REGISTERED AND UNREGISTERED. Consisting of 5 bulls and ir females, all giving milk. This is a lot of high bred cattle and a rare chance to buy thoroughbred Jerseys for faniily use or foundation etock. We are overstocked and must sell, no reserve, absolute sale and no postponement for bad -wepther. Sale will be in a largo and comfortable barn. Tcims: One year' time at 10 per cent All paper must be good at the hank. Lunch at noon, and sale will be held immediately after dinner. Z. S. Brf ANSON, Auct. LINCOLN JERSEY CATTLE CO.,' Prop'rs. PUBLIC -OF- THOROUGH BRED , NEBRASKA, DECEMBER 7, 1892, AT 1 P. M. Finest Offer Ever Made in the West. I will sell to the highest bidder a' draft of Imported and Ameri can Bred full blooded and recorded PERCHERON and FRENCH DRAFT STALLIONS, MARES, COLTS and FILLIES. No res ervation, everything goes. Two year's time at 8 per cent. 5 per cent off for ca8h. Send for catalogue. JAIttES SCHULZ. COL. F. M. WOOD, Auctioneer. ADVERTISE miaieIdepepeIt . inspect my stock befora buying. I hav the largest assortment of Eu ropwan Mreedx of any man lu America; 1 handle none but recorded Htock; I do not permit a mouthful of hot feed to be Kiven; my horaes aro not pampered and . are fnijirriy exercimii, and fed cool food, which I think are the main reas on why my hornes Jliave always been-. mi ccHbful breeders. Come and visit my establishment. I am always glad to show my stock-.. A FEW GOOD DRAFT MARES FOR SALE" When arriving at Creston visitor will pleaae telvphou'e to the CreslClty' Farm and I will drive In after them. I am prepared to give long time to reHpousible partieH. Every horse guaranteed a breeder and must be sb represented. J. WROUGHTON & CO. in Nebraska. ? State. CO., Cambridge, eb. old. black with mealy points. 141 to by Mr. J. B. Hoerate the well known. Address or call at their stables. of Thoroughbred a soo of Van Dee. nan been at ihe heart nt yearling boar we have ever seen, and his rct SALE DRAFT HORSES. Yutan, Nebraska, Si "I, ,y ti ,,! iii1, i in i.ni liLJJj'lnl.B-J"'ar . " L. H, SUTER. P