TH'E ALLIANCE - IND frJPENDENT.
I-
FARM AND HOUSEHOLD.
ADVANTAGES 07 RYE
GREEN MANURE.
AS A
Th Deit Way to Dtilrojr lied Root
Breeding and Tv JJngr Swine
Horticultural Hint and
HomeholJ Helps.
Itjeaa a Green Manure.
' In our climate not less than in that
of England thero is a necessity for
ome crop to cover the land during
the winter. English farm experi
ments show that much of the soluble
nitrogen found in the soil in fall is
washed out by tho steady rainfall
which usually takes the plnco of our
snow in tho English wintor. Here,
dn!nn wtnfar thrt rrpminrl 1.4 frozen.
and the loss from a naked surface is I
more apt to be from blowing away of
fine particles mellowed by frost, and
which are always the richest Boil.
Very possibly this dry soil holds
some of tho nitrogen contained in the
lower stratas as frost disintegrates
them. The faci that fertility natur
ally tends to surface soil may thus re
ceive further explanation. Hut how
ever frozen the ground may be dur
ing the winter, in the spring it is al
ways flooded and much of its accumu
lated fertility is washed out by spring
rains. Then it Is that a rye crop cov
ering the surface does most good. In
helping to dry the soil, sucking up by
its numerous roots the water, it also
holds from waste the plant food that
it contains. It is true, green ryo is
not a very rich manure. But it has
the moisture which stable manure too
often lacks. By combining the two a
better result is obtained, especially
with hoed crops than by using either
btable manure or rye alone.
Sowing rye after hoed crops in tho
fall has another most important effect
in cleaning out millions of tho pesti
lent annual weeds, says the American
Cultivator. There are more or less
of these in most stubble or hoed crops
towards fall and unless tbe land is
plowed many of these weeds will seed.
Specimens of weeds are sometimes
found dwarfed by clover or grass, yet
each out of sight perfects some seeds.
Most weeds will ripen seeds afler
frost has killed other vegitation.
The fall plowing that is necessary to
seeding with rye destroys these weeds
before they seed. It also by exposing
a fresh surface starts thousands of
weed seeds to growing, and that so
late in the season that they cannot
ripen seeds before winter.
There is no better way to destroy
red root; the great pest of the wheat
grower, than to sow rye every fall a
few years and plow it under early the
following spring. If a dressing of
manure is applied with the rye each
winter, this plan keeps up fortuity
while still growing a crop every year.
After the annual weeds are thus
cleaned out from the land, it is easy
to get a clover or grass growth free
from weeds, such as was impossible
before.
i Rye does not exhaust land, when
grown thus. It is not so exhaustive
as wheat when it is grown for the
grain. But if plowed under just as it
is about to head, there is alurge mass
of succulent vegetable matter that
has been grown either by what its
leaves get from the air or from plant
food in the soil that without it would
have been entirely wasted. The farm
er who delights in what he regards a9 a
stolen crop, "something hegets mere
ly for the cost of seed and tho labor
of sowing, ought 6urely to delight
sowing rye for green manure. A crop
of manure is, whether he knows it
or not what he needs more than any
thing else. . Wherever he has land in
corn or potatoes let him sow rye in the
fall. It will pay even if plowed early
in April for spring gram. But it will
pay itlU better it tho laud i J In good
mti pvtflpf os feme ore 53a-
have less swine
hogs generally,
choose about tho
nure and'plowlng later for another
hood crop or for fodder corn.
It is thus that some dairymen aro
able on little land to keep a groat
many cows and grow much more of
the feed than would be supposed.
They bow ryo afler fodder corn every
fall and with the large amount of
rich manure made from purchased
grams they are able to manure heav
ily, so that it is all tho plow can do
in spring to turn the growth of rye
and tho dressing of cow dung under.
It is thus that some of the largest
crops of fodder corn have been grown.
Jlreedlns and Feeding Swine.
If we had no corn, and never had
had any, and if we had not bred our
swine in and in so much, we should
disease and better
e may talk all we
excellence of corn
for fattening purposes and brag of its
comparative cheapness as a usual
thing for feeding 6 wine, but the
truth is that the reckless feeding of
corn has cost the farmers of this
country an incalculable sum of money
in the aggregate And with this
corn we have boen making pork
which nobody likes as well as they
would like pork made wholly or
almost wholly of tho bone and muscle
forming foods. Our swine are weak
in constitution; they are an easy
prey to disease, and as we have
frequently remarked, this sort of
feeding has been going on so long
that even if a farmer does feed pro
perly it will require sevoral genera
tions to get tho results of improper
feeding of his original stock by some
body eiso. Out of his hogs.
But thero is another fertile source
of trouble among our swine, and that
is in-and-iu-breedlng. Almost every
week there comes to our veterinary
department descriptions of disease
which wo know is attributable to too
close in-breeding. Indeed almost any
disease tho hog is subject to is likely
to be encouraged by that system of
breeding. And yet we never write
on this subject that we do not deem It
wise to say that if both parents are
without fault or blemish, there is no
harm in in-breeding. Tho wild
beasts in-brocd, and while we have
no means of knowing just how many
of their offspring are imperfect for
in nature the law of the survival of
the Attest operates to perfection yet
we do know that a large number of
their offspring is strong and healthy.
The troublo with in-breeding is that
thero may be defects in the breeders
that we cannot dotect, and family
weaknesses aro pretty apt to exist in
both male and female, and these
weaknesses are intensified in the off
spring. In view of this it is better to
avoid in-and-in-breeding. Farmers'
Voice.
No Cora fjr Hreedins Sovvi.
It h the practice of some farmers
to feed all pigs alike, giving largely
of corn after husking begins, and
after a few weeks selecting a sow pig
from the litter, that does not seem to
be fattening so well as the others,
and saving her for a breeder. This
is not caricature but a solemu state
ment of the common practice in some
places. It is no wonder that pigs
thus "run out" and become worthless.
No other result could be expected
after so much care had been taken to
breed from sows of stunted growth.
A sow pig intended for a breeder
should be liberally fed on milk and
wheat bran or middlings, but never
any corn. If she is at all fit for a
breeder corn will either stunt her
growth or fatlen-Lcr and either result
will spoil her for the breeding pen.
American Cultivator.
A Queer View of It.
"He is a very sick man." -'Yes,
but the fact that he hangs on
so long is favorable to his recovery. "
jt think the contrary. Ho grows
weaker every day, and tbe longer he
lives tho greater chance there is of hU
Jflytogf." New York Frew, ' . .
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HaMLIN GARLAND. Mr. Garland is ono of the brilliant writers of
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"Jason Edwards," Treating of Farm and Factory, $ .o0
"Main Travelled Road,' Six short stories, 50
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"A Kentucky Colonel," 50
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Copley Square Series, Comprising the following four excellent
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"Money, Land and Transportation," three essays 25
"Industrial Freedom," Four articles from noted authors .2o
"Esau, or The Bankers Victim," Bland 25
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"A Tramo in Society." Cowdtry 50
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"Money Monopoly," Baker 25
"Labor and Capital," Kellogg 20
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