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About The Alliance-independent. (Lincoln, Nebraska) 1892-1894 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 15, 1892)
THE ALLIANCE -INDEPENDENT.'" lb SHIPS OF COLUMBUS BEING REPRODUCED FOR THE WORLD'S FAIR. The Rebuilt Santa Maria, Pint and Nlnja About to 8et Sail for Chief o One of the Wonders of the Great Exposition. HE SANTA Maria, the larg est of the three vessels in the lit tle fleet of Colum bus on his first voyage of dis covery, is shown below, as it , is represented by the drawings made at the time by Juan de la Cosa, who was a pilot on the ves sel. A reproduction of this vessel was launched at Carraca, Spain, recently, and her appearance at the time is shown in the accompanying view. This vessel is being built at the expense of the Spanish gov ernment, and the two smaller vessels of the fleet are at the same time under construction in that country, at the expense of our government, and under the supervision of United States officers, acting in conjunction with tho Spanish committee. The Santa Maria was built at the ar senal of Carraca, sixty-three days being taken for the construction of the ves sel, under the direction of Engineer Leopoldi Puente y Wilke. Her length between perpendiculars is 2260 meters; length over all, 2910 meters; extreme beam, 9 86 meters. The hull weighs J 27 tons; it has five decks and a main mast, fore mast, mizzen mast, bow sprit. The armament consists of six falconets and two lombards, the latter being on the main deck. The vessels are to be sent to thi, THE SAVTX MARIA. country, arriving in New York in time to take part in the celebration which is to take place in October next After that the vessels will sail via the St. Lawrence river and the lakes to Chicago, where they will constitute a feature of the Columbian exposition. A special proclamation has been is sued by President Harrison, setting apart Oct. 21 next as a general holiday, this date corresponding with that of Oct. 12, 0. S., 1492, when the first land of the new world was sighted by the discoverer. The President in his pro clamation says: "On that day let the people, so far as possible, cease from toil and devote themselves to such ex ercises as may best express honor to the discoverer and their appreciation of the great achievements of the four completed centuries of American life. Columbus stood in his age as the pio neer of progress and enlightenment. The system of universal educa tion is in our age the most prominent and salutary feature of the spirit of en lightenment, and it is peculiarly appro priate that the schools be niade by the people the center of the day s demon- press upon our youth the patriotic du ties of American citizenship. In the churches and in other places of assem bly of the people let there be expres sions of gratitude to divine providence for the devout faith of the discoverer and for the divine care and guidance which has directed our history and so abundantly helped our people." The Spanish committee having " the matter in charge have made careful examinations of all obtainable data to insure that the vessels shall be, in every detail which can be definitely determined, exact copies of the original Columbus Vessels. A great deal of data of very varied character has been obtained, but noth ing that would give tho exact details sought, because, doubtless, the vessels of that time varied greatly, not only in the form of their hulls, but also in their rigging, as will be seen by, an examina tion of the engravings and paintings of the fifteenth century, and as there was no 6hip that could bear the generic name of 'Caravel,' great confusion was caused when the attempt was made to state, with a scientific certainty, what caravels were. The word 'caravel comes from the Italian car a bella; and with this etymology it is safe to suppose that the name was applied to those vessels on account of the grace and beauty of their form, and finally was applied to the light vessels which went ahead of the fleet,as dispatch boats. Neverthe less, we think we have very authentic data, perhaps all that is reliable and this data has served for the basis of operations in making the drawing which is produced. WHAT A HORSE CAN DO. Intereiting Statistics as to the Extent of Eqalne Capabilities. A horse Will travel 400 yards in for and one-half minutes at a walk. 400 yards in two minutes at a trot 400 yards in one minute at a gallop, saya the Humane World. I he usual work of a horse is taken at 22.500 noun da raised one foot per minute for eight hours per day. A horse will carry 250 pounds twenty- fivo miles per day oi eight hours. An average draft horse will draw 1. 600 pounds twenty threo miles per day on a level road, weight of wagon included. The aver ago weight of a hor3e is 1.000 uounds: his strength is equivalent to that of five men. In a horse-mill moving at three feet per second, track twenty five feet diameter, he exerts with the machine the power of four and one i i .... nan norses. i ne greatest amount a horse can pull in a horizontal line is 900 pounds but he can only do this momentarily; in continued exertion probably half of this is the limit He attains his growth in five years, will live twenty-five, and average sixteen years. A horse wil.l live twenty-five days on water without solid food, seven teen days without eating or drinking, but only five days oa food without drinking. A cart drawn by a horse over an ordinary road will travel 1.1 miles per hour of trip. A four-horse team will haul from twenty-five to thirty-six cubic feet of limestone at each load. Tho time expended in loading, unloading, etc., including- de lays, averages thirty -five minutes per trip, ihe cost of loading- and unloading a cart using labor is $1.25 per day and a horse 75 cents is 25 cents a perch 24. 75 , cubic feet. On metal rails a horse can draw one and two-thirds as much as on asphalt pavement, three and one-third time3 as much as on good .Belgian blocks five times as much as on good cobble stone, twenty times as much as on good earth road, forty times as much as on sand. A modern compilation of engineering maxim9 state3 mat a horse can drag, as com pared with what he can carry on his back, in the . following proportions: On the worst earthen road, throa times; on a good macadam road, nine; J. W. CASTOR. PreR. W. B. LINCH, Secy. J. P. ROUSE, Vice lres. f . f . If 077, STA TE AGENT. A. GREENAM Y RE, Treas. THE FARMERS UUTUAL INSURANCE GO OF NEBRASKA. INSURES ONIaY FARM ' PROPERTY AGAIK8T JV. -AcaFIRE, LIGHTNING OR TONRADO,-?,- Dont renew your Insurance with the old line companies and pay three times what It la worth when you can write with the Farmers Mutual and get better Insurance at coat. tfVWrlte (or Circular. PRINCIPAL OFFICE, Room 407 Brace Building. LINCOLN. NEB. fjj p TM GREAT ACTUAL BUSINESS rv - School of the IxJorUnVesL D li! Vy THOROUGH COURSES IN Book-Keeping, Arithmetic, PcnmaHship, Telegraphy, Shorthand, Elocution, Etc. DON'T FORGET IT, Our rates of tuition are 40 per cent lower than any other college in this and other states. Write for circulars. FREMONT BUSINESS COLLEGE, T. It. HAMLIN, fretldent. FREMONT. NEB, CAPITAL NATIONAL BANK, LIJS COLN, NEBRASKA. CAPITAL $300,000.00. 45tr C. W: MOSHER, President, H. J. WALSH, Vice-President. R. C. OUTCALT, Cashier. J. W. MAXWELL, Assistant Cashier. DIRECTORS:- W. W. HOLMES, R. C. PHILLIPS, D. E. THOMPSON, E. P. HAMER, A. P. S. .STUART. ACCOUNTS 6OLI0ITED. C. W. MOSHER, C. E. YATES, Banks, Bankers and Merchants. LIN Debt :- TOTeL INDEPENDENT HEADQUARTEBS. CORNER THIRTEENTH AND M STREETS, LINCOLN, NEB. Three blocks from Capitol buildinc TJnr.nl up-town hotel. Eighty new rooms just completed, including large committee room?, making 150 rooms in all. tf , A. L. HOOVER & SON, PropYs. DO YOU BUY DRY GOODS? We Sell to All for Cash and to AH for the Same Low Price. We guarantee the price on every arti- Hfi in mir KfnrA nnrl will fnfiinJ 41. I x 7 7i ; r . . . 1C1UUU money .to those who think they have paid too Xmuch. If that is the way you like to do wuiixu jruui uaue. VVG Want those who cannot call at the store to send for samples. Yours, Etc., MILLER & PAINE, LINCOLN, NEOItASKA.
