THE FARMERS' ALLIANCE, LINCOLN, XER, TIIUKSDAY JULY 10, 1891.
LOANS AT TWO PER CE
Ha TUKS IAXIER8 HATE BEEI
ECSSOWISG Ftoa THE GOV-
ESSXOT. '
C k to WiM to Lend to lb Capitalist why
mat to the Wealth-ProduceTa?
Ia tbe face of a seriout proposition,
pot forth by men whose earnestness it
snatched by no litUe ability, it become
it at men, to give , cartfal con
deration to the matter, and even to
etady it with patience and candor. We
have a right to iraoe that these advo-
oateaof I percent loans are lovers of
their country and of their kind, and
that they are honestly trying to do food.
The all Important point with regard
to any proposed legislation. Is the effect
, that It will produce. Only at we are
abk accurately to foresee the effect of a
proposed law, are we qualified to oppose
or to eadorte it. To do this, It I neces
aary to give It our earnest, careful at
tention. Let ue try to do a little of thii
hoaeet work before we undertake to
pronounce a map judgment, which may
at once determine and advertise our ig
norance or our folly. It la said that all
reforms are first ridiculed, then tolerat
ed and then adopted. What a com
saoatary is this upon human wisdom.
It Is a pretty safe thing to take off one's
hat to any earnest man who is enjoying
dispensation of popular ridicule
Let us suppose that the proposition is
to loao legal tender treasury notes In
rams of from 1500 to 15,000, at ! percent
Interest, to men engiged in the butlaeit
of farming, which loans are to be secur
ed by first liens upon farm lands worth
double the amount of the loan.
It may be remarked, first, that the
proposition that the government should
loaa legal tender notes to Individuals is
not a new or strange one. It has been
for years the constant practice of the
gorenomen; to loan such notes freely
upon the security of bond, which are
certainly not better security than real
property. These individuals are, how
aver, called bankers; and tbey borrow
the money, not for ibe purposes of pro
ductive industry, but fcr those of usury.
The government simply puts the indis
pensable tool of trade into their bands
and forces the wealth-producers to pay
them Ubute. Just as tyrants used to
farm oat the public revenues, so now
our government farms out the business
of supplying money. This custom has
the sanction of financiers. By the whole
banking fraternity of the nation the
principle Is pronounced to be just and
the practice wise, it Is sanctioned also
by the two great political parties. When
all are agreed as to a given practice, we
may well deem it wise, and esteem it a
settled fact that the principle of govern
ment loans to individuals, at a low rate
ef Interest, and on good eecurlty.cannot
be questioned. It only remains to be
determined wbat persons may bor
row and wbat security tbey may
offer. Shall bankers alone enjoy
tiia privilege, and bonds be the
atr-le form of security that nay
ha bleded? Whv Is this limitation de
sirable or necessary T There can be but
re answer, which is, that money may
ha kest scarce. It is. doubtless. safe to
I I money freely to bankers, for they
;i not take more tnan tney can pront
Uy lend again. It would not be politic
for them to overstock the market with
their own particular wares. We have
waited In vain for the clear and concise
statement that will plainly show bow,
why and In what manner the mass of
the people are benefitted by a scarcity
of money. Until this statement is pro-
, eluced, we are justiiled in the assump
tion that tbe reverse of this is true that
the wealth-producers of the nation
veuld be more prosperous, be able to
live better and save more, with an
abundance of monev in circulation than
with the present short supply. That
. aome other class would be straighted bv
this changed position Is possible; but if
tbis be a tact, it has yet to be well and
atronffly stated, and made reasonably
probable before it can demand our no
tice, aowietns try to iook aneaa a
little and see, if we can, what would
' probably follow the enactment into law
of the proposition we have stated. The
riret effect of such a law would be to re
duce the rate of interest from 0, as at
nreeent, to 8 per cent per annum.
Every farmer who owed money, upon
which he was paying tt or more percent,
would propose to get a loan from the
government at 2, which would compel
oldersof mortgages to reduce their
rates to the same figure, so that the
opening of a supply of 2 per cent money
would soon make 3 per cent the tegular
rata for all well secured loans. That
such would be the certain result can
not be questioned.
Lenders would not allow their money
' to He idle, and thus force the Issue of
new money to an unnecessary extent.
It is always in the interest of money
leaders to have the supply short. Here,
then, we have oue result which would
certainly follow the enactment of the
proposed law. Would it be a good re
sult or a bad one? that is the question,
l'eople will largely decide this accord-
log io their personal interests. Hut cue
ihVag Is certain, so long as a majority of
tbe people are borrowers and wealth-
product re, the majority ot the people
w old be blessed by the change. There
U no avoiding that fact.
Senator Stanford bill should be
termed a bill t redu ce the rate of la
terert la the l'alt4 States, for this
would be Its principle ctflloe, It I
w Mhltr that the honorable members of
taa senate reeeivsd with marked cold
Me a proposition which would Inevita
bly cut dwa thrlr Interest Income
more than half. VVbea we ewaiempiate
the redcua of os suae s interest la-
, we should art tget the relief
that ewta to the o4hr a. e
l.il produce the Income, There ran
ba ao "eUiltf i the heavy War
iU without lim uf lucerne to sie
- fctily
It we have marked eae retail ef sura
a law IffuM It ant W.i. at aH
WewUt the laed be filled with .-
that Ifce supply lad trne p.t We
aaewer itwpbai .' it ever
4 as a eH f la ike bletet uf a
fcar; rf af food. ial P pia Wttg
M ahaaHaaee eatable tatsge aie re
to iaae gWttaat M th ! la wa
nyaeeea It iaay aero In U t
1.-. vhesi ahardaaoa w?4 dvaUkaa
. ae lata essart, hat llwti t a
m.l .,mw beiweea aa aaasdasi
arrr,.t ef saeaey e4 asesy, A
r
- ra. fV evWeailf sa.e fci , grtt ,re 4 ike aU etna., that 'iWtWe t tes Ubis tvr tie te-r-'.lal
IV. , aa4w.t4bwwl.w. w..i., uuumu ... p-uUtur la fifettaa s'ut-
Z- . rt, WW
liM4f M K.af laalrre;in V .1. . . "
rU - it? be ahtalaed by gu.eg tv "f M 'M i ' ld as 4
MiHalili fcida ftg ljQs.
real property has always been deemed
a full eqtavaieni ior cwo.
Under the practical operauon m m
sew law, then, farmers, who wfre own-
era ol larmiog iacas, cowiu uwivw
money from the government on mort
gage by paying tbe full regular rate of
interest prevailing in the country at
that tin. That is all there womd be
to it,and no amount of windy argument
or number of high-sounding phrases
can cover up the simple fact. Those
who are acquainted with farmers, aa a
class, know that tbey do not borrow
money on mortgage just for fun. They
borrow when tney need the money, and
repay just as soon as they are able. It
is not worth while to attempt to show
that no flood of money could come upon
the country from granting such a privi
lege to farmers, the fact is too piain al
ready. - And another fact of equal im
portance is equally certain, which is
that there would soon be In circulation
all tbe money deuaaded by the legiti
mate business of the country. Of tbe
stimulating effect upon the productive
energies of the people, caused by an
abundant supply of money. I need not
speak, tbe story has been told full often
and well. Of tbe gain to humanity,
rising from a general lowcriog of tbe
rate of interest aa much as two-thirds,
volumes might be written. Tbe power
of money, of which we have heard so
much, would bo more than half de
stroyed, and with it tbe power of tbe
money Class, i ne power ui uiuuj
largely due to its rapid increase
through Interest. At 6 per cent a co
lossal fortune will double itself in about
a dozen years, while tbe owner waits.
At 2 per cent it would be a long time
doubling, and tbe owner could not well
afford to wait.
It is a matter of universal concern,
not to say general anxisty, this fact of
tbe rapid absorption of tbe wealth of
tbe country by a very small number of
persons under tbe 0 per cent rate of In
terest. A 2 per cent rate would be a
wouderfully effective remedy for this
gigantic evil; and it has the advantage
of being the only available remedy thus
far suggested. The objection that the
government could not do this loan bus
iness safely and economically is puerile.
Tbe government has occasion to take
bonds from a great army oi employes
scattered through tbe country and it
proved itself equal to the task; It would
be no harder task to ascertain that the
the title to an equal number of farmers
to their lands was good. The govern
meat bas proved itself able to loan
money for banking purposes; we doubt
not that it could, with equal facility
and success, loan money for productive
purposes. If there nre real objections
to these land loans, I shall be happy to
consider them when presented, and to
acknowledge their weight in case tney
are found to be heavy.
CM. JSL'tlCIURD,
Hyattsvllle, Md , June 10, 1M.
Wbat an Outsidsr Thinks About "You
Alliance Fellows.
Mb. Editoh: I know you favor the
Alliance and may not want to put any
thing in your paper adverse to tbe In
terests of the Alliance- people, but It
seems to me you ought to be willing to
hear both sides. ,
You Alliance folka are getting wild.
Don't you know you have no business
to say anything about bow tbe govern
ment Is runt That belongs to tbe folks
In town, lawyers and bankers, and peo
pie who don't work. Tbey give their
attention to these things, and know how
the laws ought to be fixed. A farmer
and a roan that works don't know any
thing about government. It takes study,
deep study to, understand that. You
leliows are just to ao tnewora anaiet
these fellows io town run tne govern
ment. A maw that works 14 to 18
hours a day has no time to study these
matters. He got to work to get
bread to feed vis little folks on, and
lots of these town people don't do any
thing but study how to tlx matters up,
and they are qualified. It always has
been so: I say always uimoti always.
Sometimes what you call "the people"
have a uttie say so in public matters,
but the other fellows soon relieve them
of that business. It is so in all coun
tries; most all the old governments that
have passed away were run that way,
and we call this a new country, and its
pretty near that way here now. There
isn't any use of you fellows fooling
away your time; and some ot you
some money in it, and some of you bare
mortgages, and interest to pay every
year, and you bad better stay to home
and keep that money and attend to
your work, or you won't have the inter
est when it conies due, and then the
other fellow will sell you out. In fact
I have heard of the town people talking
that same way, or words to that effect.
But. Mr. Lditor there is one encourag
ing thing in this matter;there are a few
farmers that have got some sense, that
Is I suppose they have, for they don't
join in with you fellows; they see bow
things are going and think it Is no use,
or else they think things are all right.
In fact I don't know what they think;
but you can take it for granted that
they have got sense, fjr tbey stand In
with these fellows in town that we I now
have sense. Now what is the use to
agitate these questions any further?
There's got to be one class to do the
work, and another class to run the gov
ernment, loan the money, eto , and you
cannot run the government unles you
can cbauge places and put these fellows
... ...... 1, V.-.1 I .1..', ..k I .-
ivi vvui, rut a uvu t wvv nuj i-iinni'u tur
you to do that. bi kCT rou.
Money and Politics.
The power of a party as a moral force
declines in proportion to the money
used in maintaining its organic integ
rity. This is in part tbe explanation of
tbe plight in which the republican party
Is today. ltr alt they that take the po
litical dollar shall psrUh with the poltl
leal dollar.
Tbe reform party of Minnesota, now
called the people's party, conducted aa
Important cip iu )at autumn, poll
ing nearly tto.ouo out tf a total la the
state o! 81.0(0. It elected one con
gressman and caused the defeat of three
ulhertrf tbe rvpublWins. It also aeat
a good cout'iiat'ttt to the lgiliun,
and captured a large share of the woa
ty officer. Tha nay ud by the
tuaaaer during that etc tisg ram.
aiga was ) I ban i.imm , 1 ur
lndrdBl state central ceruiuit
it of liuttt Ittaola. whtra vailo.rd
a rawyaiga that luratd a tfi-uHlKua
makxriiy i l rj tra la in into a in wa
aittirity ia lw. paid out jutll.N j
1st espouse ta iti,c up lha Cittcia
sat; cafrac were less tbaa Ituo. as
the rpert f Ibe revtwa tvuauise
sa-
1 ka Wl erg vilscrt ef the ew party
Hsiaiat Ivae ao be la iaet-aug
the ir (Htvcrty It thy kae a itai
ptrxei e hitfl il Nw, the rf avi
aswd Ray H w. , telt
U us dd that theirCnaa'.reiapattfa
la ilrale Us tail was saadew th.a
ttfaadnera Vy he slate tt.wUtw rt
e!y ll.Wftt A'sa at aa ttast la ike
W W U.k. i.UI llttlWS 1- ....
CAUSE OF HARD TIMES.
Why We Need a Greater Volume of
Money in Circulation.
Bditorof Tbe Kaiiocal Tlews .
Perhaps there has beee enaugh said,
by more able writers than myself, about
tbe bard times and why the common
people cannot get money enough to buy
themselves homes and exist aa civiliza
tion demands at the present day. It
bas taken lbOO ytars to educate the peo
ple so they (tbe common people) could
exist at all.'
First. Wa require more clothes to be
respected in society.
Second. Better homes, nicer furniture
and Improvements on tbe farms and
elsewhere. Also better horses, wagons
and churches.
I can remember when we could hire
a minister to do our preaching for H00
a year; new It costs anywhere from WOO
to 13,000. Oar president used to ge
129,000; now be gets 150,000. Tbe men
who are holding public offices and claim
to act for tbe benefit of all American
people, are getting all tbe way from
15,000 to 115,000 a year, while the com
mon people are compelled to work for
1300 or 1400 for the same length of time.
When there was no government tax
on whisky and alcohol we could buy
goodwbbky and alcohol for sickness
and medicinal purposes for lOcte a pint,
now we have to pay w?ts a pint tor no
better article. As alcohol is tbe base of
all drugs andmedicie, wbat we require
for our necessities and sickness costs us
fifty per cent more than it did when
thra was no government tax on it.
Consequently, doctors charge for each
visit to a paueniei.w wuen mjr
to charge 50cts before the tax was placed
on alcohol. , ,
1 could go through the wnoie caia-
1iausr.f iiHPuit ea and luxuries and
show why we require more money to do
our business. ..... , . ,,
As it it an established lact mai an
wealth is produced by labor, it requires
what labor produces to bny money.
When we could buy a dollar fur about a
pound and a half of wool, before silver
was aemonetiea anu ma kimuum
paper money was called in, In Wi, and
h,,rL tusueii in their tflace to banks, we
did not feel tbe oppression of hard times
at we do now on a coniractea currency,
when it takes three and one half pounds
of wool to buy a dollar, no better than
the greenback monty, to pay our mort
gages and obi! ratio us with,
f could go through tbe whole cata
logue of production with toe same ratio
ot reduction to buy me uouar wuu
since 1873. Some people say it Is be
cause tbe government demand ceased.
True, but did not the discharged sol
diers consume just as much after tbey
were discharged as before r wny aia
prices retain their equilibrium until tne
rimnnnetizatlon of sliver and the with
drawal of greenbacks When the green
backs were withdrawn uonus were plac
ed with tbe banks in their place at 4)
per cent interest and 00 per cent of these
bonds returned to the corporations (bv
the government) to loan to the business
of the country on all the traffic would
bear. Consequently, men who had
money would rather put it Into govern
ment bonds at usury than to iovett it io
actual business. Tbe result has been to
prevent consumption for want of money
to buy with; to lessen tbe employment
of labor and prevent tbe common people
from obtaining the necessary money to
buy tbe productions of the country:
stops production and deprives labor of
employment, and a thousand other evilt
that could be mentioned.
I could till five volumee explaining
why the country require! more and
cheaper money to Increase business,
help tbe poor and Improve tbe country
generally. Tbe question it: Can tbe
government furnish money to the peo
ple as cheap as to the bankers on equal
ly as good security? Liberty requires
money to obtain anu maiuvwu u
Ueokub Ashley,
Fort Ann, X. Y.
Senator Stewart and Andrew Carnegie.
We give the following extracts from
Senator Stewart's able reply to Andrew
Carneaie's article. "Tbe A. B. C. of
CT -
Money:"
THE HEMORhELENS I'OWtR Of MOKEY
MOXABCHS.
The contraction of the circulation is
thus stated.
During all that time the Iron band of
contraction bas been tightening its
grasp upon the business and enterprise
of tbe commercial world. If silver Lad
not been demonetized it would have
been at par with gold to-day. There
has been no inequality in tbe produc
tion of the two metab which could have
affected their relative value. In no
period of the world's history has their
production been so nearly equal as dur
lug the last seventeen years. Leg i si a
tlon, and legislation alone, advanced
gold and depressed silver. While each
had free access to the mints of the
United States and the Latin union, their
relative value as fixed by law could not
l.e changed by production, for while
given quantity of gold and a given
quantity ot silver can be coined Into
dollar, a trauc or a pound, tbe value of
such given quantities must always be
the same. Mue-twntbt of the demand
torttie precious metals bas always beeu
a money demand. Such muney demand
Is purely artiliclal and dependent upon
legulaiiou or other governmental ao
tlon. II either were rejected as money
throughout the entire wurld.alue-tenlbt
ot Its value would be lost.
Hut. Mr. Carnegie, I bad almost for
g.v.uo that I was addressing a devoted
ducau and adulter of loglaud. the
"wU old bird u Since your love ol
K-ogtand and Kngtiah aristocracy has
made icu wilting u vote fr free trade
va an cuuditiua, 1 van hardly expect
to cunvinte lou that Kuai&ud saold pol
icy I ronif I da not admire tbe gold
policy vl Eegtand as applied to Iftt
coauiry twvau.a I tnv it has airrat!
trahkferrvd louusaada ot miiUn e
saiia from lis producers to a cuaalua
lew abo pnut by Kg !aium Ur do
I admit e k&w guld romr tun policy ol
hiigtaud at ai'i ,.4 to other countries
tt.d4 cuts ImlK Ureianip e, Igjrpt
Ihvre keg aads sui-aviary pl.cy ts ia
.full br e A nod tale kbsdite sold
1 1 jvpt.aa Uad at l-ui 9s to so per
vti diagonal, vakil he tacdt4 that
eouairy la a tWl to Isfhsa, trveva
sad uir spiairs la tit aoraiKU
.aatuuat e ota vaa. With Ike
ruoesy ha bunt tha paif ta la
tut.i,4 vf wkkh karvptan Ftrattra
!r-4h tki ts4 UK bee (
dXiud tl.e VsV.T
ta it ea Ut puUU j.'j I eed be.
eatue law vet. bttla. urt aaJ kit ia
ti eke MbeiJ4 Aae4il. t k
uitay whii.i it i at trr.
r'Ksd heUh !a4.Mtera t a
DM.c'.a and retorted tbe raymect of
gold interest on a fraudulent debt, con
tracted to be paid in either gold or sil
ver. Notwithstanding tbe protests of
tne humane people ot England, the
-wise old bird.- who governs yonr
'motherland' insists upon the actual
use cf the bub on tbe backs of the
Egyptian laborers, to compel them to
produce sufficient cotton and wheat to
satisfy tbe greed of the English gold
bugs. Nothing so graphically illustrates
tbe policy of Eogiand as tbe enslave
ment of the Egyptians for the purpose
of collecting in gold, a fraudulent debt.
COXTIVl'KD EX8LA VEM S XT OF L XASSAIL
ABLE FACTS.
Mr. Stewart thus plainly talks to tbe
inflated trumpeter:
The Barings may have supposed that
tbe Egyptian policy of England would
be pursued in South America, and that
in default of payment debt due Eng
lishmen, whether contracted, by extra
vagance cr fraud, would be collected by
the military power of Eogiand in tbe
western as well as in the eastern hemi
sphere. They did not sufficiently reflect
that South America could not be sub
jugated by English arms without serious
international complications. Tbe "wise
old bird" was not prepared for nniversal
war. Her policy is to control the weak
by war and tbe s'.roag by strategy. It
bas been a long time since she made a
forcible atteoipt to impose ber commer
cial aod financial policy upon tbe United
Slates, but it must not be supposed that
she has abandoned ber efforts to make
this country tributary to ber wealth and
power. Let anyone who doubts ber de
signs on tbis country read your, gold
trust article now under consideration
and witness your devotion to ber cause.
We were uo party to tbe South Amer
ican speculations which caused the fail
ure of tbe Barings, but wo were io part
nership with tae "wise old bird" in a
gold trust and were compelled to suffer
tbe consequences.
Tbe failure of our English associates
in the gold trust has damaged tbis coun
try untold millions by retarding busi
ness, preventing enterprise and produc
ing universal stagnation. You who en-
toy the smiles of the gold aristocracy of
England may continue to make war on
silver. If you succeed in preventing
legislation for the restoration of silver
you will demonetize gold. The people
will have tome kind of money; and
Inasmuch aa there is not gold enough
thy will have silver. Failing U obtain
that they will have fiat paper. Tbe is
sue, my dear sir, Is whether both gold
and silver shall be used, or both dis
carded and paper substituted.
You tell us that "if tbe free coinage
of silver becomes a law our farmers will
find themselves just in tbe position of
tbe Indian farmer." What do you mean
by that? Do you mean that the Indian
farmer has been Injured by cheap all-
vert This was not tbe view taken by
the Englitb royal commission, hvery
witness that appeared before that com
mission aod testified on the subject as
serted that cheap silver had stimulated
the production of farm products in In
dia; that tbe purchasing power of silver
was not materially changed by reason
of its demonetization In Europe and the
United States; ana that cheap sliver
gave tbe Indian farmer such an advan
tage In the European market aa grad
uaiiy to unve tne American rarmer
therefrom and liberate England from
paying tribute to the United States,
F.FEKCT OF CHEAP 8ILVEB.
Mark the effect of cheap silver. In
lfcbO India. Russia, the United States,
the Argentine Kepublio. and tbe Aus'
trian colonies, substantially furnished
Europe with wheat. Ol the amount
furnished by the countries named the
United Mates contributed over v per
cent. Her contribution from that time
until now, at compared witb tbe other
countries named, nas constantly de
clined, la IctO the contributed lest
than 23 cer cent. The Australian colo
nies which are on a gold basis, suffered
in like proportion. They sold 13,000,
OOfl bushels of wheat in the European
market in 1880. In 1800 only 4,000,000
bushels were Imported into Europe from
that country. .
xou say that tne American rarmer
. .
'will thus (by free coinage) have to sell
cheap and buy dear, Tbis is just wbat
is troubling inaia and tne eoutn Atuer
lean republics." Do you pretend to say
that the American farmer.selling in the
same market as the Indian and South
American farmer, is not mw compelled
to sell for the same price? He certainly
can obtain no more silver or its equiva
lent in gold, lor the same article than
tbe Indian farmer. Tbe trouble is that
the American farmer must sell for silver
or its equivalent to compete with the
Indian farmer, the mouey which the
American receives must be exchanged
for gold at a large discount before it can
be used at home, while the silver that
the Indian farmer received it par in
India.
I agree with you that fixity of value It
the foundation of money, but value can
be fixed onlv by supply and demand.
The value of each unit of money, other
things being equal, is determined by
the number of units in circulation. The
only possible way ot maintaining a fix
ity o! tbo value of money is to keep a
constant supply equal to the demand.
II tbe supply and demand tor mouey
were constantly tne same, its value
would never change.
Tbe Cttisens' Alliance.
Macon, Neb., July 0h, m.
Epitou Aiuakck: During the last
tow issues of tho lAKMEits' Alliance
and the Nebraska Indtptndthtl have
been pained to see comments on the two
Ciltens' Alliances, which must un
doubtedly have been made by some one
who did not understand either one
fully.
The Cithern' Alliance I know but
very little about, but the National
Citltens Industrial Alliance 1 am sume
what acquainted with, also the Farmers'
Alliance, being a member of both and
holding (irgatii.er's c ruuilsslonslabnth
orders, and llog acf.veiy engaged in
both, it I luv lirm couvlction thai
they should go hand in baud in this re
form work.
The Industrial AHtaace Is ta the cltl
teu who rattooi lin Ibe larinris Alii-
etice, what in tanners Ainauce i to j
the larmer. The mora thw.r principle
and e iets are stud. 'd the more lby
ri'omneiid ihnw ; It tba caudal)
BiHtd. t o vpratia by alt ilaMe i f
laNr and htdur is what Is idd
Not aaisgna sin. Coeprt!on by all
ntortu 4M iii wbetbsr in low a or
mm it
country must ta esiatusrifd. ah f
rallies and ttrtfe t U'owa l the
l. ! J. liiAktii
Itur frird la pertwtiy Ugh' la kl
vWas.and undoubtedly, U orgsa'std
u a. ,,., ut h.. it ik. i ! Ai.,.-
at a wftbui no it, tae t ua Aiiiai'ti
aeuid be ail right, Htft
Ike CttlteaV
111... I. !..( it
taiittt is
"lawjeth tl'.'-aav." tl hhs la be lh tht lh tarinst aed (he
. k-.u . itiaa sn a badly f ta frwatrad
KlUetas f ergaaWa la MldJ tSat ea It ralisul i urr S an
)fcatky ilhlb'pietfcliaa.'(l!ry etlMpw'l' lk same wiikum
sal wsil. A. sh re ayps-d ta j rVbl
v l I. lb. pmsat Ua UU state, i 'Jtauit In i trM U.dV ?
IUirkU katbatada'faalsawa - t l' ume twlo a uttiJ est. yv wuuid
AU'tavt J beH-' ' ve l fin aay
Talks oa Nationalism.
By Idwart Beilaocy la Tae Kew Nation.
Mr. Emit who bas Jccntd tae Katioaaliata,
asccts a tariff rf orsprr. .
T. K Look here. Smith, perhaps,
ycu can tell me eomething. I've beard
a gooa many nationalist speakers and
I've read considerable nationalist litera
ture, but I've been utterly unable, up to
date, to find out how nationalists stand
on the most important issues cf the
honr.
8.-What is that?
T. R. The tariff Issue, of course.
Either the nationalists havent any pol
icy an tnat question, or else tney hare
unanimously resolved to conceal it.
8. On tbe contrary, they advocate
the most radical policy which Is before
tbe public a policy wnicb, when car
ried out, will put an end altogether to
the tariff q lestian as a political issue.
T. K. 1 should like to know how
they propose to do it.
8 That is easily shown. Wbat is it
that. makes the tariff a political issuer
Is it nor the different way in which a
tariff affects tbe welfare of different
classes, different business interests and
different sections of tbe country, and
tbe consequent opposition ot feeling as
to Its advantages'
Ot.lt. o doubt that it tbe srjuod
of tbe popular interest in tbe
tubject, though there it alto invol
ved a question of theoretical economics.
8 Certainly; but there is no politi
cal issue in a theory which does not ap
peal to popular interests or popular
prejudices at to Interests. Our indus
trial system is made up of classes. It
consists of wage-earnert, manufactur
ers, merchants, middlemen, farmers,
mine owners id. indefinitely other
group! having opposite and irreconcil
able interests. Applied to such a vari
ety of opposite interests, any national
regulation meeting values, whether ol
taxation, tariff, finance, or otherwise.
necessarily "stirs up a very bedlam of
contention. Everybody sees, or thinks
he sees, how the proposed measure is to
give him an advantage over bis com
petitors, or it going to give them ad
vantage over him, and accordingly
favors or opposes it.
l, a. nut there is a preponderating
common interest, and that represents
tne right policy.
8, ibere is so common interest at
all. Under the present industrial sys
tem, the common interest is a mere ab
stract. Tbe only real interests are the
particu.ar interests of persons and
classes, and these are mutually op
posed.
l. K lie it so; but there it always
one of two tariff policies that would
help the majority of these opposing in
terests. That is the course to be fol
lowed. 8 It it the course which is followed,
undoubtedly, and with wbat results?
Atone election, one set of Interests gets
the majority aud destroys the opposed
set. At the next election, the defeated
interest wins more votes and in turn
sacrifice their opponents, and so it goes
year after year, decade after decade,
century in and century out, each one
of tbe periodical changes proving as
ruinous to the national wealth In tbe
aggregate at a foreign war,
X. K. Quite right, But you are not
consistent. Seeing that you recognize
so clearly the ruinous results of the
change of tariff legislation, why not join
witb us free-traders, and abolish tariffs
altogether?
8, Because the abolition of tariff by
free trade would not end tbe controver
sy. Quite as many nations have gone
back to protection after abandoning it,
within tne past ten years, as tbe reverse;
in fact, i should say rather more. Tbe
so called reformers who teem to think
that the adoption of free trade will
somehow abolish the tariff issue, ace
victims of a tilly delusion. There it no
more guarantee that free tade, even
If established, would survive the first
business critit and subsequent election,
than that a prohibtory tariff would.
The latter is at much of a solution of
the tariff problem as tbe former. There
is no final disposition of it, as a disturb
ing political issue, save that offered by
nationalism.
T. R And wbat it thatf
S.-Xhe abolition of opposing busi
ness interests in the community. So
long at a nation shall be divided into
rich and poor, employed and employees,
manufacturers and farmers, mine
owners, professional classes, trades
men, each having different and materi
ally opposed Interests, every cha&ge in
government policy, as to business, will
affect them differently, and some will
clamor for4what;others are strenuously
opposed to Not only will tbe feud
rage between opposed interests in the
same parts of tho country, but will be
come sectional as between different
parts ottbe country, threatening the
stability of the nation. Nationalism,
by making all citizens, whatever their
occupation or wherever resident, equal
partners in the aggregate result of their
combined industries, will destroy class
and abolish section.
T. K. But there will still remain the
theoretical question whether commodi
ties should ever be produced at a loss at
home, rather than imported.
8. When everybody's Interest is pre
cisely the same as to the decision of
any such question, jou may be sure
that it will be discusied on its merits,
and settled without acrimony. If it be
thought desirable to try to introduce a
new mdus ry, there Is not likely to be
any serious objection, because indus
try not then being In private hauds, it
will not le necessaryato establish any
artificial market for the product iu
question by a tariff, In order to encour
age experiments in it, Tbe nation will
conduct the experiments at its experi
mental stations, and. until and uuless
they succeed, will have no motive to
discontinue importing the cheaper for
eign product.
1. K. H
you bring about the state of
things you expect, 1 will admit that
there will be very little left of the tariff
ss a political Issue; but. meanwhile, it
h here, and what are you going to do
about K For you canuot deny that It
I vitally connected with the prcspetlty
uf the euuutrv.
S Certainly I deny it. I do not, ot
course, qurstum that a tariff may be to
framed a to effect the ntru ot a
country mure or less iuran;y, uui t
do qwestioa whether It U at all the pi
teat economical lat tor tur either gftod
or lad wkU'B politicians like to tuake
us bwiisve it, Do you suppvse that t..e
people are fool, not i he how
easily tbe protectionist refute the
ciatut t l the fre traders u the out
baud, tad how eas.iy. oa the other Jhe
tree Uadvrt dupes t ike claim ol ih
u.iMiLiiiii I lull u
I tell you i pub w
h at Itasi ftta aiuuUvt auth t
j ,h, ,Uaiel et bulk i4s on Iht tar-
Mu Mu,i.on t be r'BviH4'4tbai aithr
mUieeiruth aad that ikt lar.ff Wue
j wdiy a uirl bta
t't' Under, a t waU-a abatl
k.. ,t .(.-..ib. k 1
j y,, uv,, thai lk working
Mil II4IH is'isir aia u a itw.aar
di2erecc in the condition of tbe peo
ple As Lincoln said, "Yon may fool
all the people a part of tbe time, but
you cant foal all of the people all the
time." The American people are awak
ing to thewalkation that what is -eke
matter with them it not high tariff or
low tarifl,' bnt the groat economical in
equalities of the people and tbe domina
tion and enslavement of tbe masses by
tbe money power. It it in vain you try
to divert their attention from that ques
tion by the tariff ieeue or any ether.
They will hold to the fundamental eco
nomic issue till it it settled by tbe ad
vent of nationalism.
New Declaration of Independence.
Wben after tbe lapse of more than a
century it has become apparent that the
Declaration of Independence 'made by
our forefathers hat been disregarded
in many particulars by the monopolies
and capitalists, who bare usurped the
rule over our republic, and that tbe ne
cessity of tbe return of those time-honored
principles,, and tbe addition there
to of new principles which experience
bat taught us have become necessary,
that we may ecjoy our God-given rights
a decent respect to the opinions of
mankind requires that we should de
clare tbe reasons which impel nt to thii
course.
We hold these trutht to be self-evident:
That tbe right to make and issue
money it a sovereign power to be main
tained by the people for tbe common
benefit; and that the money tbut made
and Issued by the people's government,
tbould be placed in tbe bands of tbe
people who need it to exchange tbe pro
duct! of their own industry, and for tbe
payment of their reasonable legal debts.
That only tucb security tbould be re
quired aa will inture tbe people't gov
ernment against lost in the event of the
nonpayment of the tame, and at only
tucb a rate of interett at will fully pay
tbe necessary expenses of tbe issue and
loaning of the money.
That ail money issued by tbe govern
ment should be absolute in its value,
and a legal tender for tbe payment of
all debts and tbe making of ail pur
chases.
That the land of the country should
be placed, in suitable quantities, by law
in the ownership and perpetual posses
sion of tbe people who need it for their
homes, for cultivation and for pastur
age. That tbe right of way, whether by the
primitive methods of travel, pr the im
proved Daetbodi by railroads or other
wise, should be secured by law to all
the people for themselvet, and the pro
duct! of their industry at tbe actual
cost of the same, and that all meant of
communication, including telegraph
and telephone, tbould be owned and
operated by tbe government for tbe
people.
xnat economy tnouio oe practiced oy
tbe government in all its expenses and
all its offices, and that tbe exponset and
revenuei ol tne government tnouid be
provided for by an equitable system of
graduated property or Income tax.
That the president, vice president and
United States senators tbould be elected
by a direct vote of the people.
The history of the capitalists and cor
porations ol tbit country for tbe past
thirty veart it a history of repeated in
juries and usurpations, all having in di
rect object tne esiamisnmeni oi an ao
tolute tyranny over tbe people.
To prove thlt let facts be tubmltted
to a candid world.
Tbey took advantage of tbe peril of
our beloved country during tbe war of
tbe rebellion to to manipulate our na
tional legislation, made necessary by
tbe expenses of, the war, that tbey have
been enabled to amass immense for
tunes by tbe earnings of others, enrich
ing enormously a few thousands at the
expense of the rest of tbe people.
By the wicked and corrupt ute oi taeir
richet they have so influenced tbe con
vention! and election! in thii country
that cringing tools of theirs have been
elected as law-makers and officers in
our government.
ibey nave by tneir corrupt macnina-
tions and infamous practices divided
the people into parties arrayed In bitter
hostilities against eacn otner, ano men
by bribery and sophistry, have obtained
the control of the leaders of the parties
so that the triumph of either is alike
destructive to the interests of tbe people.
Bv these means they nave so shackled
the liberties of the people that every im
provement which tbe industry and in
vention of the people have innured to
tbe increase oi tneir own rtcnes and
power, and tbe impoverishment of our
industrious citizens. '
We. therefore, the people of these
United States, appealing to the Supreme
Judge of tbe world for tbe rectitude of
our imeuuuus, uu, iu mo unuie, nuu uy
the authority of the principles of liber
ty and equality, solemnly publish and
declare that the people ef this country
are and of right ought to be free and
independent of political parties and tbe
domination of torporation and capital,
and that as a free and Independent peo
ple, we have full right to control and
direct this government.
And in tbe support of this declaration,
with a firm reliance on the direction and
protection of Divina Providence we
mutually pledge to each other our lives,
our fort jues, and our sacred honor.
Judicial Despotism.
Hartikutox. Neb . July Cth, 1891.
EPITOU FAUMEKS' ALLIANCE; All
government bas three separate func
tions, legislative, executive and judic
ial; and thera Ut no true liberty, here
each one ot these Is not absolutely in
dependent ot the others. Tbe union of
these functions in the same Individual
or body constitutes a despotism, whetner
that union l centered In an autocrat of
at! Kussla or a council of ten. Dallus
the Med made a decree, "that no man
should addrvet a prayer, for thirty
days, to any god. save to the king him
self This wa a legislative act. He
adjudged Daniel guilty ot violating that
law l hi a lad.t ial act, U or
drvt futu csl lato the deu ot Hon,
lhi was eaevutlve. Id-re we find a
plendid eiampie ol oi despotism H)
Htiu has gbrai!y ev-we throi ghihe
usui patioB vl lb cb.et vt ut v, as Iu
Ike ca it Chart 1 id I-ugiaad. and
Chart X ot I ranee. Hut Ibere t aa
other asd more uaafwrvue dvspvtisni
hbh will otrthrtw id republie it
the peupl u b"t take warning It U
i he despotism sl ludiv't) iairprtaitta
Ike lrd u dc.iea i at duusae
l ha mt so, vote Ugilalitea(iiueiii,
Hfwtaiut is htnt ede trgiale
IU', if a awsl.le coun by aa a4re de
eisiva ra tusk thtpwmk ft vrN
ihiag the vtvime tt b turu'i
aate brae M f"sruil tea txsrva
aeotker I'laack, to im atttte p.ata, thai
a rwaadaises will la trvMi tk mrsui
euuri ait !tsr a trkwrti a
Ivgislaii rn sv eif ike dHaaltt
ta nt-wr ia the atiad vt rent a pani
sea, bel svUir e will aa ' ak.Uu
ai we dr.lv rg'
Wimai fauar
The Hour's Duty.
Independent! who have the princi
ple! of tbe party and the welfare cf the
whole people at heart should scan close
ly the political horizon aod'tike sca-
rate beariegs to ascertain their locality.
Those who have been in tbe fight
fors years endeavoring to a rouse the
people to a knowledge of their true con
dition, have all the time foreseen the
present attitude of the republican and
democratic parties, as well as tbe posi
tion that would be taken by many of
the individuals of those parties. I: was
well known that when the time arrived
that tbe people should be aroused suf
ficient to endanger the perpetuity of
either of tbe two old rotten hulks, that
a combination of the two against the
people would fo.low. Such was the
fact, starting last June a year ago, cul
minating in the violation ef all consti
tutional and statutory law by the su
preme court, and the uniting of all and
every form of monopoly, by bribery and
corruption the most damnable, to defeat,
tbe will of the people In legislation.
Now the same elements are at work in.
every conceivable form to create dissen
sion and work tbe ruin of the grandest
movement ever inaugurated for the
benefit of the masses.
If every independent will stand true
to bit principlet and jiot allow any
selfish motives to control his actions,
all will be welL That we may succeed,
in carrying into force by law the prin
ciples we advocate, every man must
work for full and complete harmony at
all pointt . The republican and demo
cratic leaders have so long domineered
over tbe people to keep themselves at
tbe head of their party that the body
politic has been poisoned tosucb an ex
tent, that for tbe various offices men
bave for years got down into the filth
and wire of party machinery setting up
their jobs to secure the nomination and
election. In every county of this state
in county politics as well as In state af
fairs tbe policy of tbe republican leaders
bas been a ring within a ring. For
state officers the leaders here and there
in tbe various counties constitute one
great ring, each politician being strung
somewhere around the circumference
of tbe circle. The state constitution
representing the frame work and tbe
various offices the nitcbes or slots. Aa
.he years rolled round each fel.ow at
be came round to bit allottedjnlch or
slot dropped in. Tbit hat been the
system for twenty-five years, of both
the old parties in national, state and
county politic!. The people had about
at much lay ai to who should be the
nominee, as Harrison or Cleveland ba
to whether Mount Vesuvius shall get on
a bender or not. This system the inde
pendent party propose to annihilate,
and that at quick aa possible. Any
man in the (dependent ranks found
scheming or setting up pins for bit
nomination should be sat down upon,
hard. "Lot no guity man escape."
Another pernicious idea bas been
taught tbe people and that is sticklers
for localitiy, regardless of proper quali
fications. The idea of locality, regard
lesef proper qualifications. The idea
of locality has enabled the party leaders
to hold a sufficient number in each lo
cality strung on the rings to each year
carry their point. These fellowt being
told that the next year their turn would
come to drop into the tlot. Tbe best
men is what it wanted regardless of '
locality. .The qualification to be
sought for should be first, morality,
second, honesty (as no strictly moral
man will be lacking in honesty) third
ability. If morality and honesty
abound the people can better afford to
risk a little in ability, than that tbe
candidate should bave a superabund
ance of ability, and be deficient in mor
als aud honesty. For about the first
time in tbe history of tbe republican
party in this state, being driven to des
peration to sustain themselves, we ob
serve a sudden spasm or lit has seized
tbe leaders of the g. o. p. to clean out a
little of tbe filth that hat been generat
ing these many yeart in the back yards
and water clonets of the rings. But at
might be expected tbey simply stir up.
tbe mess in outlying districts like Nor
folk and Hastings. Tbe third rate cap
pers of tbe party holding these positions,
being made tbe scapegoats to enable
tbe nrst and second grade cappers to
put on airs ot sanctimonious honesty
and morality. Do they imagine the
people cannot see throv e; t that exceed
ingly transparent veil? Vby do they
not open out to view tbe state institu
tions in and around the capitol, that la
and has been for yeart reeking witb
corruption? In oiderto preparo the
way for a thorough cleaning of the
"Augean stables" all over the state, tbe
duty of independents in each county
is to investigate the county offices, and
this can only be done by securing the
election of honest men to every office.
Last fall's election in some counties de
veloped points of weakness among the
independents. The moment a man ad
vocated the principles of the party, the
opposition raised the samo cry they are
now doing. "That mtn want offitt. The
people not yet fully reeogniiilng tb
maguitude of the light before them,
were in some places inclined to listen
to the enemy's "siren song," and many
of the truest and beat men of the perty
would not accept any position, tho re
sult of this being an element of weak
ness In the last legislature. This
should not occur again. Another ele
ment of weaknes being that in some
counties the independents were en
dorsed by the opposition, republicans
and democrats a the case might be.
The republican and democratic com
bine pulling both strings, rauaitg
weaknesa In a lew and develops
traitoistn other. Let the word go
along the line ae , a arfunw
to be accepted. Lei no man vote In the
primaries who ha nut or will nut tub
drlbe bl name to tbe principles of the
Cincinnati platform.
l la said thai "in Union there It
ireegth " 'lot may or may run be
true ifcere may be a anioa yet discord
ant :muu prevail.
Ia fcanut-eyoll and complete evut
lug a. I atng the line the ttideiidtita
raa capture everything ta sight, and be
pn parcd Io iitauh in "Vi" iu tb ral
S4 cry ut Oa ta U ehmgna.
W. J, WeintiT.
A mu Maa.
W watt legal gum! gU at
tunable ' gurt gt t Uu. k.j Ma
ehiua I a p. rum. !uwtag tefcn.
piatot tad rrtxet felde u.ana!y pay.
' r timf I. aw 1Um4 end r.
paired. tt!t,e aiwd pru ah I si
vhaiau u? a.! tied ) . e.
Ihiat waste liaeia bniktag aran t w
a uyva tslivt4 tiw rrw
P Tree M vi
li rth uth m. . Lunde.
lK-.eie mm vr"Iii"aa teihy
MaVH...i ly J wrtAj.tr
Xb.al.sMry, em at .ie asd M.
i