THE FARMERS' IALLIANCE, LINCOLN, NEB., THURSDAY 31 AY 21, 1891.
FARMERS OPLMNOS.
The Declaration.
tWrtttni for Tu riim' Atxiaaca.
"We hold these truth to be self evi
dent, that all men are crested eqnal,
that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain inalienable rights, that
among these are life, liberty and the
pursuit of happiness. That to secure
these rigbu governments are instituted
among men, deriving their just powers
from the consent of the gorerned; that
whenever an j form of government be
comes destructive of these right it is the
f-ht of the people to alter or to abolish
it, and to institute a new government,
laying its foundations on such princi
ples and organizing its powers in such
form as to them shall seem most likely
to effect their safety and happiness.
Prudence will indeed dictate that gov
menu long established should not be
changed for light and transient causes;
and according all experience hath
shown that mankind are more disposed
to suffer while evils are sufferable, than
to right themselves by abolishing the
forms to which they are accustomed. But
whea a long train of abuses and usurpa
tions, pursuing invariably the same ob
ject, evinces a design to reduce them
under absolute despotism, it Is their
rt-ut, it is their duty, to throw off sueh
forernment,and to pi o vide new guards
for their future security.
This declaration of independence, al
though written over a hundred years
a-oTisas true now as it was then; and
aU the people have to do is to execute
those principles. It is all any nation
ever did or ever will need for a guide.
When the question arises: Whicahall
rule, a few Napoleons, or sixty millions
of people? or which shall perish, the lib
erties of a great nation or a few modern
Pha aohsf there should be but one an
swer. If the people rally to the defense
of the declaration of independence as
their forefathers did. all will be well. If
it cannot be accomplished by the ballot
it can be done the way our ancestors,
but this is the last resort.
As great a crisis confronts the Amer
ican people today as when the declara
tion of independence was penned. Let
us inscribe those principles on our ban
ners, and in the words of the Immortal
Lincoln let us resolve that the govern
ment under God shall have a new birth,
that a government of the people, for the
people, and bv the people shall not per
ish from the earth. J.B.Oslkr,
Grant, Neb.
Mercenary Governments.
The extent to which the moral senti
ment of nations is subjected to pecun
iary interest the heart to the purse is
a sad evidence of human perversity.
The control which money exercises over
principle has been witnessed in other
nations as well as in our own. I will
name but a single instance. Great
Britain is the most civilized of nations.
Nowhere else is the moral standard so
nigh; In no other country are hospitals
and asylums so well sustained by volun
tary contributions, or life and property
so thoroughly protected by the adminis
tration of just and equal laws, and yet
Great Britain is guilty of the unpara
lelled and atrocious crime of forcing up
on China the trade and use of opium,
merely because the sale of it to the Chi
nese yields large revenues to India.
The eloquent denunciation of this great
crime against humanity, by such men
as John Bright, whose opinions and
feelings are not governed by lust for
pin, an unheeded by the Throne and
Parliament. The iniquitous trade is
going on, and will go on as long as rev
enue can be derived from it, and there
is force to perpetuate it. '
HcqhMcCcixoch.
Representative Pelton Endorsed.
Resolutions passed by Gem Alliance
No. 761, Nelson, Neb., May 7, 1891.
Wheueaj, Our worthy representative
Geo. Pelton has stood by our Interest in
behalf of which he was chosen; there
fore be it
Resolved, That we heartily extend our
thanks to him lor faithfully discharging
his duties and his uoble efforts in our
behalf.
A New Plan for Legislation.
Through all ages it has been the wish
of the wealth producing masses that
they themselves might have the liberty
to make their own laws. It ought to
be clear to any thinking person, that un
less the wealth-producers of the United
States make use of the liberty given to
them by their forefathers, they shall
soon, find themselves under the same
servitude as that of Europe from which
their forefathers broke loose.
I think it is now the right time for the
toilers to make an effort to enact their
own laws, There may be several ways
to go at it, but under the existing laws,
I can only think of one.
Perhaps someone may give a better
plan. If so I shall be glad to hear It,
but it is absolutely necessary to stall
before our enemies get up a -standing
army. My plan Uthis: That each sub
ordinate Alliance, K.of L , and all
labor orgaulzations select a
committee to draft and prepare bills
to be enacted luto laws. When such
bills are prepared they should be pre
sented to the county, state and national
organisations, as the case may be, then
brought back to be dim-UMed aad voted
upon by ail the labor organisations. and
such bills as receive a majority of all
the vote, should be given to their can
didates who should pledge themnelve
if elertod te enact and tu force such
laws and to work again! ail measure
conflicting with such tilts. Neither
should any legulature b allowed to
amend any suh bill, for the moment
you allow your representative to amend
your bills that niunient as is at libertj
towliyoueutU heeUhrt laderthe
M-Nwywt rasant ruuUa your
lrjr kur or con-rwaMiiva fur t totaling
su h flodfvs. but w sure that t-utr
rry few mu would like tu go w,u
a a Uaitsr, tte, the mUwuitnt
Bietutwr of the W.Ulatura. know wnai
ws Uuufitt to Uar um it bv the
Wwr We kaow that Ua lf,e the
tweioa tnu4evd ur umuu- inm
our weak jMntatM the autenuuae
was till tf WbbyMA ptvpared with ar
r".ntKH ta-y hi aad win
l"aifjl to pre.ent Jt Uw
r - j 'laa el return lu gwA fUs,
i i xm id a,td ''.ua it
e Ktiisr aad trait tiwtt
' tvt U aad ia.i rw
( " ..iwWiBfc-t taeui taio Ut
f 1 a 5u Ue e4 art hU-r
I i 1 tSe wUs frntlMawn iuki ttt
t Mj t :;( u . Ifce
t it Urate t.av!;.i. rut,'
r : i I .U!r 'ur lwt
, 1 ( , without j.m kaaw it,
t J I lt l a ta day
c . : .a :.- y ve tan L the steal
log in all the departments of the gov
ernment, the legislature will not be
bothered with hundreds of worthless
bills, you will unuerstand all your laws
aad solve the tabor question; eat the
fruit of knowledge.think more and work
leas, create leas wealth but keep it for
your own use, and if yoa raise nogs see
mat toey are not auowea io waia on
two legs and do the bossing.
OLE BnEDESOB.
Ous-ht Interest to be Paid for the Use of
Money? i
Theoretically the people of this coun
try own primarily all the natural ad
vantages for the application of labor for
the production of wealth, and the law
ought to secure to them thelpermancnt
possession of these advantages. The
same rule ought to apply to the medium
of exchange. Because the law prevents
the individuals from manufacturing it,
and because its use in that capacity is
necessary in all the industries of the
country, that they may be of general
profit so long as the present competitive
system of business is maintained. And
the deprivation of any one Industrious
citizen of the means of making his In
dustry profitable by a failure of govern
ment to provide them Is an injustice to
the individual and an Injury to the
common wealth. If government then
receives a rate that will fully cover cost
of issue It ought to be all that It requires.
But money is also used to represent val
ue of property and as property may be
loaned by its owner to another person
for use, so may money, the representa
tive of propeny. be loaned for use But
here a difficulty arises, A farm may
be rented (which is really a loan for its
use) and an estimate may be made of
the probable profit of such use. So also
a horse, and grain and other property,
Butvou sell your horse for 1100 and
the 9100 ne more represents the value
of that horse than of any other property,
and when you exchange it for propertv
again It may be for property on which
there is no profit and which is destroyed
in the using.
Common sense then would dictate
that the usury or interest ought to be
regulated by the average worth of the
use of all the property In the country.
Now the highest estimate I have seen
of the increase of the wealth of this
country Is three per cent of its value.
This might lead to the conclusion that
three per cent would be the proper rate.
Let us examine that proposition a lit
tle. If your neighbor hires a team of
yoa would it be juBt that you should
charge him so much that he would profit
nothing by it. Or if you rented his
farm would you think it just to pay
him so much rent that the farm would
profit vou, nothing? Surely not. So a
rate of three per cent interest on an
average gives the profit all to the capi
talist or Toaner. I conclude from these
considerations that an even division of
tl average profits of the use of pro
perty would be the proper interest or
usury to pay for the use of moaey which
in a general way represents property.
If this reasoning is correct, then the
cost of issue of the money by the gov
ernment added to the cost of making
and supervising the loans, say perhaps
one per cent per annum ought to be
the rate paid to the government for the
use of meney, and one and one-half per
annum to individuals for the use of
their money as a representative of pro
perty ought to be the limit prescribed
by law.
The question has been raised by some
whether the business of the country
could not just as well be transacted
without the use of a general circulating
medium. This would undoubtedly be
feasible under the system of-socialism.
or more properly nationalism, which is
now advocated by many in this country.
But even under such a system an Inter
national money would be necessary,
unless the system was universally ad-
dopted, or commerce between nations
cease.
However nlauitlble and logical the
Golden Rule system as taught by Bel
lamy and others may be, 1 fear this
country and the world are so far from
its adoption that there will be abundant
time to improve the financial system be-
lore sucn a result will be reached.
H.
Note Our correspondent seems to
infer that we now have an internation
al money. This is a mistake. Our coin
is a commodity as soon as It leaves our
borders, and is sold by weight and
fineness. Our mint stamp is simply a
a certificate as to these points. Ed.
Alliance.
Condensed Correspondence.
The Clay county county Alliance met
in Clay Centre, May 12th, with a good
attendance. G. L Hodires was elected
delegate to the Cincinnati conference
jyi
aid, was given credentials as a member.
of the Alliance and reoorter for the in
dependent press. It is generally con
ceded that the Independents of this
county are iu favor of a national ticket
for 18U3. Crop prospects are excellent
in ciay county.
Coyote Alliance, No. 883, of Dawson
county, adopts resolutions strongly en
dorsing Hon. Robert Scott, representa
tive from that district.
J. M. Campbell of Alvo. Neb., makes
some Inquiries about the Union Pacific
debt to the government. A full history
of that contract is published lu this
issue.
Pleasant Prairie Alliance, No. m in
quires why its rcsoluiioua lu reference
to Jauis. Hoyd were not published,
having been seut In good faith. We
will say to these friends as well as to
many others, that it is Impossible to
puhlinn all the resolutions received, but
whenever any are received covering a
new subject we will try to find space for
them. We published enough of the
Uoyd resolutions to show the feeling of
the people. To puWUh all
-eum rri
ltd require eerv inch of ma. In th
lauer
VVs alii etitUtavur la iv. ii...
ru tty la this ei lumu ail eoiumuni.o..
tions a hlvh cannot be published.
RESOLUTIONS Qt CONDOLENCE,
IWlutlttB of TrtoT tile Alliance.
titaaas Ithai ikad our Hrav
euly rather to tats from us ourl)uud
ftrthrr t'onrad Hmn.l,
'W, That ia this dtiMnatlnu wf
Prwdac the Aitlaace ha Ut a
worthy aad leubfr member, lite state
aouoraulo r itii, hi nlhtrt aa
rdnl sml timer ineud sod hi (ami
'y kind hutUttd aad l.uher,
II lH at.
W I WmtatKitt
W, H iKtt ww,
t'oaiuiUtc.
Utmt Provide has
ae nitontimnetruui ur a.ut our
Hw tt aad ii-n-r, St I'. mim U
loved tre ol Kkniir V. IVwIn
W, H HtMh AllUiM-e St
!ht e the d,th of tutr (',! we
have hw a fiay aietMlr w vitf,
aad a trwe frleed ! th AUBf
VW Hat st ead ta the tu
Had, aad fawily the IntUrat syu talkies
4tUUta.cv
A Letter to the Clergy.
ST OKX Or THI3S.
Do not despise the new political
movement; you may be found fighting
agaiiutGod. "Whoso stoppeth his ears
at the cry of the poor, he also shall cry
himself bat shall not be heard." Ten
are the God-appointed champions of the
poor, and are bound to listen to their
cry for help against oppressors. Are
yoa giving any attention to that cry?
That the rich are growing "richer and
the poor are growing poorer" la a trite
saying. The poor claim that they are
threatened with financial ruin and vir
tual slavery. What do yoa propose to
do about It? Where has God said that
the capitalist must have the lion's share
of the products of industries, and live In
a palace, and that the laborer must take
what Is offered bim and live in misery?
Is not the comfort of the poor more to
be regarded than the luxury of the rich?
Where has God said that the self-respecting
poor must live like hogs, be
cause competitors for work, ignorant,
down-trodden and debased, are willing
to do sot Where has God said that
millions of people over the world shall
be unable to find work by which to
maintain themselves? Do yoa ssy that
Jesus said "the poor ye have always
with you?" I call the man poor who
works for 11.00 per day. Did he not
say through inspiration: "Let him that
stole steal no more; but rather let him
labor working with his hands the things
which are good, that he may have to
give to him that needeth?" Does not this
presuppose plenty of work? What also
of this verse: "Now them that are such
we command and exhort by our Lord
Jesus Christ that with quietness they
work and eat their own bread?" and this
"For even when we were with yoa we
this we commanded you, that if any
would not work neither should he eat?"
But things have gone wrong; the poor
can't get enough work. It is no matter
who is to blame for this. The thing
must be remedied. And it
easy matter to tell how to
In this clash of Interests
Is not an
remedy it.
the clergy
must arbitrate between the parties.
It Is a moral question. My brothers,
are you not here called to come up "to
the help of the Lord, to the help of the
Lord against the mighty?" We have
fallen Into the times of Isaiah. "His
tory repeats itself." And God's prophets
of today will not honor their God unless
they now take the stand he then took.
Glance over Isaiah, 5th chapter, and see
if God didn't have his prophet meddle
pretty effectually in the question of la
bor and capital? Do you doubt that God
would have bad him preach politics if
that great moral question had taken on
a political form? What is the ministry
for in this world? Are we to preach of
a glorious heaven offered to the poor
and to all, and stand around and see
oppression going on, unlawful or legal
ized, and do nothing; but pocket the
money which the extortioners may con
tribute to our salaries to buy our silence?
Shame on us. Already too much of
that thing has lost the church the con
fidence of the masses. God's truth can
take care of itself, but the present
Christian denominations, by neglect of
duty may lose their Influence and perish.
N. H.B,
THE EIQHT HOUR DAY.
Sermon of the Rev. Thomas Dixon on
The Laboring Man's Demand.
Organized labor is now In the throes
of the world-wide struggle for an eight
hour standard of a legal day'a work. It
is a movement of vast moral import. It
Is one of the world movements of the
century. It embodies one of the grand
ideas that give character to the nine
teenth century in the catalogue of cen
turies the upward movement of the
whole mass of society. The leaven
placed at the bottom of this social mass
by Jesus Christ is now leavening the
whole lump.
FEWER STRIKES.
Strikes would become more and more
things of the past. If the laboring man
of to-day Is ignorant and absurd in his
ueuiauua, wuuso lauiv i ur cunuea
j i i - . i. , ... .I, i i ,
srJTTjy ignorance, stupefied by over-work
bound by the chains of hunger and fear
of starvation, he staggers like a wound
ed, mad giant, striking friend as well
as foe.
It would improve the condition of
women. It would give her abetter
chance iu life. Above all it would les
son the burden of her life and make
home a realty. Home is now a memory
or a dream of the working man or
woman. It would give some hours of
life to the divine work of building
homes. To build a home is to build
r Via atrtiiwth Ktill.1 the situtA tltA
av t uhs vii aw aaassa iuv viitV tuu
ton, the uulversal brotherhood.
na-
tCONOMICOAIN.
It would improve the skill, efilulencv
and value of labor. The testiiuonv of
several large Kngllsh firms is emphatic
on this point. They have made the
test. They have proven its success be
yond serious question. They declare
what they nave lost in btaher wairea
they more than regain in the new seal
and energy put iulo the work by the
men. Interruptions were fewer; the
wen had better spirit, stronger hearts
and arms.
twi'NotK iDLirtoa.
It wphM improve th tHiIHk of the
world. The policies of state of the
mmitng ceutuiy ate certainly to be
hapea ta a larae measure ty the aiu
ratioo and demands of the uuder toil
ing world. al4UHHd tu(tir Is the
tent toward which toe old world is
being driven wlla realmteas Power It
day. lh laborer aiiould hate time to
read aud u('y, aad Improve biuwdt
m to hi duties aad oMigatloea, He
'houM be ) opportunity tor re
tievil. la ihuM hiur a would hMir
aUewft vsi, aiaowa ritihta, aM eMt
itla ttuthvM H woohl Ware to
v lKMiee wim Wert, mri tattMng tiwU.
tU wtuld rtttt-wt en rt 't tlKing
u to t orjtabcd capital.
WHO 4HK till CS.mU
a iraniueei hi iiui hki i Whuui r
inimi lu u ti . w.ta twt AaUtus
! aad trd.tka aad pejuiwrtuee,
lU'MttVlflif are rrrWr bet theni
aad the aart ot huwMiutir Meriting
a ,H i fvtfui a ). ivy are the
rpi. j ,, arw mattd 'ibev are
tae biy a ti'-- iua iht are kA a
class. The historians have at last be
gun to write history. They have at last
learned that the history of a state, a na
tion, or an age is the story of the life of
the common people. To reach them is
to reach the world. To save them is to
save the world. To fail to reach them
is to lose the world. Yes, in this great
dark, vulgar mass lies the destiny of the
race.
THE WORLD ASTIE.
To-day the eyes of all the thoughtful
and prayerful are upon the laboring
masses. The German Emperor calls
the world together at Berlin to confer
upon the subject. Even the Conserva
tive government in power in England
has appointed a Royal Labor Commis
sion composed of many eminent mea.
in America the social question in one
form or another is tearing to pieces the
traditional organizations of parties.
The press throbs with the new thought,
it is nothing short of a world-wide re
vival of vital Christianity in fields of
thought hitaerto deemed secular and
given over to the devil. This whole
grand movement finds its motive la the
Christianity of Jesus Christ, the Son of
the Carpenter, the Son of Man, the Son
of God.
BLACKSMITH AHD DUDE.
The time has come for the laboring
man to hold up his head In the world!
We should help him. We will thus
reach his heart and life. The world is
beginning to see through the shams and
hypocracies of conventional society.
So-called society was shocked the other
day in Washington, by a young lady,
with a million, eloping with a young
blacksmith and escaping a gang of
dudes. The man who could fit shoes to
the heels of a refractory mule, appealed
to her affections more than the smirk
and simper and grin of an idiot. We
do not blame her either.
BSCTALCTT.
The conflicts between organized labor
and organized capital are becoming
more and more bitter and brutal; bitter
on the part of the laborer, brutal on the
part of the corporations. The New
York Central railroad, with lu pres
tige, its superb organization, its mil
lions and its influence with other cor
porations, succeeded in crushing the
Knights of Labor in a deliberately
and brutally led insult. W hen the job
was complete, Mr. Webb, with per
fectly fiendish delight, proceeded to
dance a ilg on their quivering hide.
The whole performance from begin
ljg to the end, while it was legitimate
war, was innuman ana brutal, and only
made the gulf that separates organized
capital from the toiling millions wider,
deeper and more utterly impassable. In
the recent conflict at Morewood be
tween the miners and the capitalists,
dozens of men were shot down in cold
blood. The accounts we read were evi
dently sent out from sources friendly to
the owners of the mines responsible for
the butchery. We are told these men
were rlotlmr. If so thev were o-niltv of
a serious crime, for which they should
nave oeen punisnea by process of law.
Instead of this they were shot down
with Winchesters in the hands of hired
assassins who were experts at the busi
ness and liked the pastime. They tell
us that these men were destroying prop
erty and doing much damage.and when
the smoke of the battle cleared away
we find that the only serious damage
done is in the broken heads, broken
legs and riddled bodies of the men shot
to pieces by those so-called guards. It
was a saa aay lor tne owners oi mines
in America when the command was
given to fire at Morewood. It will be
a long, long time before the echo of
these guns will die away.
Pennsylvania vs. Ireland.
Frankfort Sentinel.
More evictions occur In Pennsylvania
thaa la all Ireland, and as much of real
oppression prevails in the coal and iron
regions as any place in the world. White
slavery has taken the place of black
slavery the revolver and Winchester
the place of the lash the Pinkerton
thug the place of the driver and to in
troduce the system, subdued foreign
era are used for the first victims. A
few more years aggregation of wealth
and America will oe one vast slave pen
wnere migm insieaa oi right snail trl
umph, and the Great American Repub
lie. the same as the ancient Roman Re
public, shall have perished. The pres
ent effort that is being made by the
American patriots to save the country
for the people, if thwarted, will be the
last, and in hoiror hushed by force, we
shall realize that Abraham- Lincoln's
prophesy has come true, after all our ef
forts to avert it, which everyone should
reaa careiuny ana ponder well as fol
ltWS:
"1 see in the near future a crisis aris
ing wnicn unnerves me ana causes me
to tremble for the safety of mv country
As a result of the war corporations have
been enthroned, and an era of corrup
tion In high places will follow, and the
money power of the country will en
deavor to prolong its reign by working
upon the prejudices of the people until
all the wealth is aggregated in afew hands
and the republic w destroyed. I feel at
this time more anxiety for the safety of
my country man ever Deiore, even in
the time of the war. God grant that my
lean may prove grounaiess.
l es. dear reader, Lincoln could not
have written more prophetically had he
been inspired. We read iu terrible
translation on the lintels of the home of
every laborer and farmer in the land,
and we bear it on every breeze in the
heart rending wail of poverty and dis
tress.
Anett Oov (T) Boyd.
The Gnat Hut, of St. Paul, Minn
lets out a hat full of solid truth about
Boyd and the railroads In the following:
n hen Gov. Boyd, democrat, of Neb
raska, vetoed the "Maximum Freight
UllThe declared, "la my Judgment
there Is not a mile of railroad west of
the 8th principal meridian, except the
trunk lines, that is paying its operating
etpenae to-day."
1 ne out plutocratic onion, lie ought
to have a rlug in hi aoae and be tied to
the pillars ofa lunatic aaytuiu. fliers
U aot a utile ot railroad, weal of the
MUeiaaiilt river, that runs one ien.
ger aad uue freight a day. or even that
runsoae tuiteii truia, that is aot par
tig operating eiiieaies and tweutr tWe
per cent on iavseiiiient. The trouble
with taeee old farrotydialred. turnip
beaded hirelings I that tttey are paid to
have o,"IbU.q. 'Ihe railroad that -t
W.NUI a mile to built! and have tv.mm
worth of rollin stock, alt told, are "eotn.
billed" a to represent tui.oou pr
of U.ii.U and sum Is' Aad I Hen the
iutvrt! U Upin uw as uperniiftg
puo Mftdertae kedt ' Bed eharg'"
tkiyd i a Nlf sawide of what ih iletu.
ocvatk r forum r duo tut lae AtlUave
tr eaentiee aay we aa-.e rvuutdUaa
Mruptiaiea becaue we weal be a den -ci
at We v. iMtt the lu uld rar 'Lu
ittrpee ail by aide, aad it Will be fvuad
that ttt asuie werai la roaituittg bulk
of Iheia,
.rtv Ko twtattK tl M ter buhl
IVl AuiaNt'l CtAtt Aikkt r,
IVr t aad Mat. Liuwla.
UNION PACIFIC STEAL
FACTS AND FIGURES.
History of the Dealings of the Union
Pacific Railroads With the Gov.
eminent.
An excellent summary of the dealings
of the Union Pacific railroad with the
government from the beginning to date
has been made by the New York Voice.
As time for final settlement draws close
the question assumes great importance,
and the status of affairs will be read
with Interest.
The building of the railroads known
as the Union Pacific and the Central Pa
cific was secured by congressional legis
lation in 1862 and 1864. By the latter
act each road was granted, in United
States bonds, a subsidy of $16,000, 32,
000 and $48,000 per mile of road built,
the sum varying on different sections as
the difficulties of construction varied.
Each road was at the same time author
ized to issue IU own bonds to the same
amount per mile as the government's
bonds. By the terms of the act the
bonds Issued by the roads themselves
were to be secured by a first lien on the
road, the government's bonds being se
cured by a subsequent lien.
The government's bonds bore interest
at 8 per cent, but nene of the Interest
was required to be paid by the roads to
the government until the bonds reached
maturity, that is, in thirty years. In
addition, the government made a grant
to each road of every alternate section
of land to a distance of twenty miles on
each side of the road amounting in all
to about 26,000,000 acres.
The Union Paclfio began to build from
Omaha west; the Central Pacific from
Sacramento east. On Nov. 6, 1860,
eight years before the time granted by
congress for the completion of the
roads, the two lines met and were
Joined at Ogden.
The Union Pacific had built 1,084
miles of track, the Central Paclfio had
built 743 miles. In the case of the lat
ter road, especially, the obstacles over
come were most formidable, and the
engineering feate accomplished were
amazing. The construction of the road
was designated as "the greatest achieve
ment of the human race on earth." All
the material had to be conveyed from
the east 12.000 miles by water. The
road had to be built up an elevation of
7,000 feet in eighly-three miles. Forty
miles of track bad to be enclosed In
snow sheds at a cost of $1,200,000. Five
hundred kegs of powder were used per
day, In laying the track through the
Sierras.
To effect this stupendous enterprise
the government Issued to the Central
Pacific bonds to the amount of $23,885,
120; to the Union Pacific bonds to the
amount of $27,236,512. In addition, for
the building of the Kansas Pacific, now
a part of the Union Pacific, and other
branches, government bonds were is
sued to the amount of $9,531,820; and to
the Western Pacific, now a part of the
Central Pacific (from Sacramento to
San Jose), bonds were issued to the
amount of $1,070,560. The total there
fore issued to the Union Pacific is In
round numbers $36,700,000; to the Cen
tral Pacific, $27,800,000.
The account with the government
will stand, when the bonds have ma
tured, about as follows for both roads:
Subsidy bonds I 84,823,513 00
Interest aeeount, (30 yrs) 1148147 60
Total $17884,70) 60
The Thurman act of May 8, 1878, pro
vided for a sinking fund to be arranged
by both roads. In accordance with it
the Union Pacific paid to December 81,
1880, $9,885,600.02; the Central, $10,907,
182.57; total, $20,853,782.59. There will
be further crediu added to this amount
before the bonds mature.
Enough is known, however, to state
that it will be absolutely impossible for
the roads to pay the balance now due
the government $158,031,976.91. The
truth is that the companies never in
tended, nor do they now Intend to
pay it.
The government's security for -the
payment of this vast debt is simply a
second mortgage on 2,495 miles of
track, which, estimated as worth $40,
000 per mile, inclusive of sidetracks,
stations, bridges, etc., would give an
aggregate of $99,800,000 on this, there is
a first mortgage of, in round numbers,
$64,600,000, which leaves as security for
the government about $35,200,000!
Beginning with the famous Credit
Mobuier job the entire management has
been a gigantic, steal from the govern
ment direct and the people through
high traffic rates. The Union Pacific
issued $36,702,300 in stocks on which
only the beggarly sum of $400,650 has
ever been paid In. And on that stock
7 per cent dividends were paid tip to
1873. The Central issued $34.000,000 on
which were paid in cash and bonds
$700,000. Much more was given away.
The following table is given by Robt.
E, Pattiseu (now governor of Pennsyl
vania,) in his minority report, as a
member of the United States Pacific
Railway commission, appointed March
8, 1887:
COS AMD CiPITALUATIO OV THB FACIVIC
RAILWAY.
Ootnnanr. Jilleaim. f
fuloii KJtlti, 1,um M f.m!,in
Central llrtnrh. Itu.tN K. 7 II, at;
Hmui tltT A Paolfle. Iiii n I
i-iitri fapiso, m jo a,uiMiu
W eetera t'avitle, 131 1 4 um.iw
Total,
Coin inr.
Fkitltlou
Cafiilal,
a t mu,n
CltallMUna.
Slt.l4,M
&,ie.w
t'nlua faulSo.
Kaiuia t'aaHe.
Contra I HraiMik,
4.AU.UW
1.
Aloui ill fwlfle.
Central I'aeine tu4
Wraierartutae,
total.
jaurn.o
M,?U "
t.-K(IJUI,W
Str-MMU
Please notice, $171 817.113 of watered
stock 00 which dividends have been
paid, lbalesrilaiu why the toMwrt
are aot la condition to pay their d.tM.
ai every eongrea taeee auit hitch,
aavtoeu bite t(.e eudi!T to eW bit
or a auodreti year more la which t
niawt their obligation to I act ham
ProiHMiuUa of all kind hare bea
111 vie, but thu far a few aoueat u.a iu
bua boiiMw have rauw l Itelr defeat.
Ia the lltfhl ot the above fact weeua
etu le the F aad tely ut Man if m
tieateat t that uwwd by tiov, falli
of lVny(ani, which Is ii Wi
enH-eedii i at eace ta ra-i the fW
Mture ot both raU. ow the irmttHd if
fixation td law ami llure to kma the
air-t I aee apputal a receiver and
tee 'hl th govetanteat eau U t-J
ruaalag it owe raU.Mwd.
If ta hoe was a la ether fool lb
rtiifwedt nmtthi be after the go-ta
meat ted at tltl eery peaay ad IU
puad of deea latere! wm paid '. aa
a farmer or bulne nan del suit la
terest or payments on a bond or mort
gage the sheriff doesnt wait one minute
ever the time the law allows to foreclose
on it.
Because Stanford and partners who
have literally defied the law and refused
to pay their obligation, are rich is no
reason why they should be allowed to
escape.
Justice is sometimes slow, but we
look hopefully to the Lll congress for a
little stirring up of the defaulters.
Talks on Nationalism.
Edward Bellamy, la the New Ration
Mr Smith, who has joined the national
ists, meets a pessimist, who maintains
that human nature must be changed be
fore nationalism will be possible.
P. Make human nature over again,
and your scheme might work.
Smith. Human nature needs im
provement, no doubt, and nationalism
will establish conditions more favorable
to its improvement than any which has
existed heretofore. Meanwhile, how
ever, it is in quite good enough condi
tion already for nationalism to make a
start
P. Smith, your hopefulness is some
times so extravagant that it has a posi
tively depressing effect on a reasonable
man. Take a look around on the world
as it is, and tell me seriously, if you can
be serious, how much brotherly kind
ness, generosity, self-devotion, and un
selfishness you see in the actual relation
of people.
Smith. A very great deal a won
derful deal.
, P. Well, I wish I had your eyes.
Smith. Your eyes are well enough,
but you don't look in the right spots.
P. Spots! Oh yes, there are spots,
no doubt, where tne virtues you want
can be found existing, but I didn't un
derstand that you proposed to limit your
system to spots, but to apply it general
ly.
Smith. So we do; it is from the ex
istence already of the desired virtues in
spots that we base our confidence upon
the possibility of their general cultiva
tion. P. I dont see how; I should rather
say that the limitations of the virtues in
question to these few spots, after a long
period of human development, was cal
culated to discourage any idea that they
could be generally cultivated.
smitn. mat might be a natural first
impression, but it is not a scientific de
duction. Supposing, upon close study
of the conditions under which mutual
confidence and affection now exist, we
devise a plan for making those condi
tions general; is it not scientific, then,
to believe that their growth can be pro
portionally extended r
r.Sto doubt, provided yoa can be
sure what the true conditions of their
growth are, and can really make them
general.
&mitn. 1 tninit 1 can satisfy you
about that. Let us see what are the
conditions under which relations of mu
tual affection and trust at present exist.
The average man, nowadays, lives a sort
of double fife a Jekyll Hyde existence.
in nis wors-a-aay me ne is a sott oi
Hyde; not, of course, of necessity a very
wicked person, but hard, suspicious,
keen, stern, cunning, overbearing, un-
derreaching. That is the way he has to
make bis living. In this character, be
is essentially not lovable, and It is no
wonaer tnat people aon't love him. II
they trusted him they would lose by
him. But follow this fellow as he goes
home at night. Now he is a Jeykll.
You will find that his children adore
him, his wife loves him, his brothers
trust him, and he has a band of friends
and associates every one of whom has
implicit faitn in mm. Witbin this little
circle of relatives and friends there
reigns a mutual confidence, a trustful
ness, a generosity, wnicn far exceed any
reasonable estimate of the grade of so
cial sentiment needed to enable nation
alism to begin business.
P. But these are either kin of blood,
or else selected friends. The circle is so
mutually trustful only because it is lim
ited. ,
Smith. No doubt each particular cir
cle is limited; but every body has such
a circle, and most people belong more
or less Intimately to several such circles.
Now, it is common for us to assume, no
doubt half-unconsciously, that our par
ticular circle of friends consists of per
sons of quite peculiar merits; but this is
not scientific. It is, indeed, nothing but
rank egotism. Reason will compel us
to admit that probably our luck has on
ly been about the average luck as to
friends, as in other respects. The re
sult is rather startling; it amounts to
admitting that other people and their
friends are about as good as we and our
friends. When a person has sincerely
admitted this he is about ready to be a
nationalist, for probably most people
feel that If the nationalistic experiment
were confined to them and their circle
it might succeed, owing to the excellent
and unusual qualities of themselves and
their friends.
P. I admit your point to some extent.
It is true, as you say, that all or nearly
all people trust and are trusted by some
group of friends and associates. I ad
mit that pretty nearly everybody is in
this way shown to be, under proper con
ditions, capable and deserving of the
social sympathy which nationalism calls
for. But I don't see how that helps your
case. How are you going to bring these
groups together? Why do groups of
friends and acquaintances now trust
each other? Because special circum
stances or long acquaintance has taught
them they can do so safely. How are
vou going to give them the same confi
dence toward strangers and the mass of
menf
Smith.' Ah! there Is Just where na
tionalism comes in. Why is it that men
o naturally distrust each other that
leng acquaintance or peculiar circum-
itaucea only can breed confidence in
one another s intentions? It is owing
to the fact that, under the present sys
tem of buir.es, we have to make our
living out of one another, preying upon
mirfctlowaand being preyed on by them.
How to make something out of the other
22
man, aad how to prevent the ether from
making anything out of him, is the first
thought of any two persons brought to
gether in business, and too often in so
called social relations. It is this blend
ed impulse of rapacity and apprehen
sion, suggested and even necessitated
by our social system, which makes sym?
pethy and trust so difficult and even so
unnatural in our relations with men in
general. But only let as become con
vinced that another person has no idea
of profiting by as, and how quickly do
we put trust in him to any extent! Who
has not noticed how soon a feeling of
comradeship and mutual devotion is
engendered between men, strangers be
fore, by circumstance which, by estab
lishing some t ort of partial community
of interests between them, give them an
excuse to lay aside their natural suspi
cion. There is no stronger attribute of
human nature than this hunger for com
radeship and mutual trust. Nationalism
will satisfy it by putting an end. utterly
and absolutely, alike to the fear that
others may live on us, and the hope that
we may succeed in living on them.
P. And then, I suppose, everybody
will be everybody's else bosom friend.
Smith. I don't expect so. Intimacy
depends upon natural affinities, and
very possibly one's circle of intimates
may be no larger than now; but it is
certainly reasonable to believe that a
general sense of comradeship, mutual
good feeling, and enthusiasm in co-operation
for the common good, will be
the natural consequence of a system
based on the guarantee that no one can
use any one else for his own profit, and
that no one can gain anything except
through and by the common good.
Words of Warning.
Proareulve Farmer.
Brethren, do not listen to those who
try to weaken your faith in our princi
ples; snares are being set for yoa at
nearly every corner of the town and
city; and occasion aly one will be found
in the country. The lull that has come
over our enemies In regard to the Alli
ance, reminds me of many of the bat
tles of the late war, after the sharp
picket fireing for a time, a lull frequent
ly occurred for a few moments, and
then came the storm of battle, with the
shriek of bullets, the bursting of shells,
the groans and cries of the wounded
and dying. The skirmish line which
was advanced last summer and fall
against our reform movement by the
Wall street corporate power through a
hireling press, has been withdrawn and
only now and then a few shots can be
heard. Sometimes from the north, then
from the south, then east and west. A
flank movement is being attempted.
Low, despicable tactics are" being re
sorted to. Spies with smooth oily
tongues, and many are being tent into
your commands with instructions to get
your leaders to desert or to spread mu
tiny in your ranks. For the next
eighteen months every species of ras
cality will be used against our order,
intimiaauon ana threat in some cases,
and bribery in others, to get prominent
members to desert our colors. Breth
ren, the storm of battle ia coming. I
warn you to watch those who have so
suddenly become good Alliance sympa
thizers; stand by the demands of our
order. Be ready for action. Stand
shoulder to shoulder as our Kansas
brethren did. Soon all the hireling
troops of bitter partisan press, will
open their batteries of slime upon us at
given signal from some old "sore
head political outcast," and the battle
will be waged against us with unrelent
ing cruelty. The party lash will again
be usea to drive tbe weak kneed and
cowardly into measures. Brethren,
the greatest political contest ever waged
on this American continent for civil
liberty will be upon us in 1892. The
farmers and laborers will be arrayed
on on the one side fighting for their
homes, their wives and children, while
on the other will be found "gold bugs.
money snaras, sore-neaaea pouucians,"
and their hirelings, battling for our en
slavement. It depends upon each one
of us whether, we, our wives and chil
dren will be free and enjoy the bless
ings of liberty vouchsafed to us by our
forefathers, or whether we shall be
slaves to the monopolistic aristocracy.
You must be up ana doing, not only
our leaders, but each one of you, my
brethren; you must act now. There
must be no skulking. Traitors must be
driven from our camps. See that every
member of your bub-Allliances is tried
and true. Let every one be on guard.
Do your duty, be men. Keep the watch
fires burning, for "eternal vigilance is
the' price of liberty." "Be fust and
fear not. Let all the ends thus aimed
at be thy Gods and truths." The de
mands of our order promulgated at St.
Louis and Ocala are the issues lot which
we must contend. Stand by them and
"Strike, till the last armed foe expire
Strike for the green grave of your (ires,
For God and yeur native land." r
Will Exert Great Influence,
The Farmers' Alliance movement will
exerc'sj potential influence in the cam
paign. There is manifest a disposition
among the people to break away from
party ranks and dissolve former politi
cal affiliation. Democracy is no longer
anything better than an ancient name,
a mummy swuthed in the wrappings of
the Jefferson1 an period and bearing the
token of Ja;ksonian impressment. It
is as the oil new rifle of fresh made
lock, stock and barrel, without a parti
cle of the original weapon except the
ramrod alone. Republicanism is be
tween processes of alteration and decay,
and whether it shall continue and im
prove or fail and finish, as the saying
goes, depends. The farmers of the re
public created the republican party.
The cities have managed to obtain large
control of the party, and professional
politicians profit by it. Unless the
farmers rally to its support.lt will sink,
and as it succeeded to the estate t f the
old whig party, largely reinforced bv
sturdy recruits from the democratic
rank, so will it be succeeded by the in
vincible party which the farmersw.il
again organize for theirown protection,
and the greater glory of the republic
Tht Jrgtmaut.
HtW. INPKOYED AxoCHII APKNKD
DeLAVEL
lT4.t.t
rm t aan 0iat tia
Adaptation of the advantage ef
fontrtltivnl irauiin to th mmmui
ami ftniulrviaent of the dairy fanner
lu liinirlM hii all the aiu that
Inajr l la at wlik, ait.l the alliir lu
Hti'ie l aa mf km lornat nu-tutii
I Mi ae fmr Inrrrai ia $:14
mrt air i.tn..r tratvm Ik ua, wua
Siaratf fcMtter brtaflnf Ik kt
e '- oe vf Htarfcrl ta lb eur taW
t ar I era w kvvt.
ee muiiul aar aVlr4 eiMMj,
tMr, aM awaol tkiw iuiik fur Uh-
4 fwnlfiMi WMrMM- eeitvv
imnitttttea and ku.tijf,
i "rt aavikg el lime, labor, be and
paw
avaM4 eime'e. giiraai,
Hk vi4ttM e4 vw , i
el4
trMiMa Ut,iuttt f hum
Ufti u iMtir ,
Ji Sik iso tH) neo.
lUmt f. '. at h4 h 4i.ir.
...ai laa " tUM ' f
la iarVa Ha4 aaa tS w (,
The DLml Sepsrsw Co.,
batata wittta
4 lw H CerttaM 11 are k.