THE FARMERS' 1 LLIANGE. LINCOLN, NEB., SATURDAY, JAN. 17, 1891.
-CO-OPERATION.
Method of Operation in Co-O?eriir
Stores.
By request of quite a number of our
subscribers we republish the following
editoriil from our edition of Hay 10,
that hsue being exiauted. Editos
AXJJAXCB.l
There is much desire through the Al
liance for co-opera tiro effort in busi
ne lines. Man j enterprises are talked
of, such as mills and elevators; more
frequently the Utter. There are a few
Alliance co-operative stores in the state
but as far as wn can learn none of them
are operated on the correct co-oporatire
principle. It is generally thought that
the store is the most difficult of the en
terprises named, when in fact it is the
easiest, and should be the primary move,
leading to the others. We have asked
' some who were talking of building an
elevator or a mill why they did not
start a co-operative store, and they re
plied, "We are not strong enough yet
we'll start that by-and-by." Now the
fact Is that the capital that would build
one mill would start twenty co-opera
tlve stores, and the capital that would
build one elevator would start half-a
doscn; while the benefits of the store
would be much more general and
equally distributed among the member
ship than those of the other enter
prises.
We will first try to give a clear idea
of the true co operative principle of co
operative merchandizing The store is
started on the joint stock principle.
The shares should be put at $5 each.
No person not s member of the Alliance
should be allowed to own shares, and
they not more than ten each. A cer
tain rate of interest is agreed upon
which tho share capital may receive.
This should not be over 7 or 8 per cent.
In this particular the shareholders are
on an exact equality. They receive the
same rate of Interest on their shares.
The man who has $50 in shares receives
interest on 150. The man who has only
t5 receives Interest on only 85. Now
we will suppose the store has boon
started and done business for one quar
ter, or three months. The books must
sow he squat ed, an inventory taken,
and the profits divided. To ascertain
the profits expenses must first be ascer
tained and paid. These consist of goods
bought, rent, fuel, light, insurance, pay
of store keeper and assistants, if any,
and interest on share capital.' These
all belong to the expense account, and
must be paid before there are any
profits. After these are paid the profit
remaining is divided among the share
holders in proportion to their trade git the
store. That is to say each shareholder
receives the profit on the goods he has
bought. To illustrate this point clearly,
suppose A has 830 worth of shares, and
buys only $10 worth of goods during
the quarter, while B has only $3 worth
of stock and buys $100 worth of goods.
A would receive interest on $50 and the
profit on $10, while B would receive in
terest on $5 and the profit on $100. It
will be seen that A and B are on an
exact equality as to their interest, and
that their profit depends on their own
trade. It will also be seen that this
principle tends to induce trade, and not
induce any effort to monopolize the
shares, as there is no Inducement to in
vest money for the interest, as it can
'only draw the agreed upon per cent. It
will also be seen that this is pre-eminently
the plan to put the poor man on
an equality with the rich one. They
are in fact on an absolute equality.
' LITTLE CAPITAL NEEDED.
It needs but very little capital to start
a co-operative store. This fact arises
from the ease of the purchasing system
of tho present day. All kinds of goods
are sold by commercial travelers right
in the stores of merchants, by sample.
Goods can bo bought in this way nearly
every day, so only a small stock is
needed to start with. Thirty and sixty
days' time is considered the same as
cash, though even these bills maybe
discounted for actual cash at a small
profit. ..
Trade is capital. Suppose twenty-five
members of an Alliance wish to start a
co-operative Btoro. They need a store
room, fixtures, and money enough to
pay freight and running expenses for
two months. If each of these twenty
five members will trade at the store, and
pay for the goods when they buy them,
good business management makes the
success of the store certain. With fifty
members we would ask no other capital
than their assured trade.
THERE MUST BE NO TRUST.
. This is an essential to success. The
business, must be ready pay, either. cash or
its equivalent. This makes it necessary
for the store to deal in truck, which is a
great disadvantage, but unavoidable in
the country. With Alliance agencies in
Omaha, Lincoln and Denver this dis
advantage will be partly neutralized.
THESE MUST BE KO CUT IN PRICES.
It would bo extremely bad policy to
start a store in a country town, and un
dertake to undersell or injnre the other
merchants. This would tend to excite
; enmity and demoralize trade, and there
would be no compensating advantage
Tho better the prices at which goods
were Bold the more profit for share
holders.- If members of the Alliance
. .wanted the beuefits ht them become
shareholders, one share entitling them
to all benefits. If non-members of the
Alliance want the benefits let them join.
In a store of this kind there would be
some trade from outsiders. The profit
on this trade goes to the stockholders;
so there would be no gain by destroy
ing this profit by selling goods at cost.
Neither would there be any gala in
selling goods to '"'mbera at less cost
than to others, as the total profits are
divided ameng the members, and each
gets all the profit on his own trade. If
there was no cut In prices the other
merchants would be apt to say, "Well,
there must be room here for another
store, or these men would not start
one; and if there it room, some one else
will start one if they dont, so I guess it
is all right" But if prices were eut
enmity would be engendered, profits
wiped out and nothing gained.
OTHEB ENTERPRISES WILL FOLLOW.
If a store is started in a small way.
with a stock of staple dry goods, gro
ceries, boots and shoes, hats and caps
and clothing proportioned to its mem
bership, and is made successful, other
branches of trade will soon be added.
For coal only a shed and scales would
be necessary. The implement agency
would soon be attached. Then would
come the lumber department and tho
grain shipping department, until the
establishment embraced every branch
of the farmer's trade, and in every
branch the members would hate the profit
on their own trade, and thus come as near
eating their cake and keeping it as pos
sible. This hasty sketch Is already too long,
though much remains to be said. We
will recur to the subject or explain any
part of it when requested.
Warms fob tub Vabkbbs' A&uaxcs.
THE CODDLING MOTH.
(Carpocapsa pomonella).
Every fruit grower is familiar with the
coddling moth, or at least with its
work. In Nebraska it is double-
brooded, that is, produces two broods
each year. Tberound of life is as fol
lows: in the latter part of May er in the
month of June, the moths appear. They
pair and by tho time tho frsst appears
thev are ready to bejriu era-laying.
This is done soon after the blossoms
have fallen and the fruit has set; before
the twig which bears it begins to droop.
Only one egg is layed on an apple and
this is Him ply dropped into the calyx
end. The young hatch and immedi
ately bore into the apple. These larvae
attain their growth in about four weeks.
They then gnaw their way out of the
apple, ana, crawling to tne trunk, oi the
tree or some other suitable place, spin
a slight cocoon. From this cocoon a
moth appears in about two weeks.
These moths lay eggs on the apple (now
halt grown,) irom wnicn new jarvre are
prod need. These- last larvna usually live j
over winter in the apples, in orchard,
cellar, or whatever place the fruit is
kept. For this reason all wormeaten
apples snouia do aistroyea, zea to tne
hogs or other stock. Much can be done
by way of prevention if one is careful to
keep tne trunks of tho trees smooth and
clean and all the old fruit and windfalls
destroyed. A good plan is to allow
sheep or hogs to run in the orchard af
ter the apples have been picked. As
some birds, as woodpeckers and creep
ers prey upon these insects, they should
be encouraged to come lo the orchard.
Concerning the use of Paris green and
London purple as remedies against the
coddling moth, an extract from Prof. ,
Lawrence Bruner'a report to the Neb.
State Horticultural Society for 1889 is
very concise and to the point
"On ; account of the miscellaneous
food habit of the Coddling Moth, there
is no single remedy that will sumce to
keep in check and prevent its injuries
to our apple crop. We must therefore
adapt our remedies to the habits of the
insects by meeting it on all Bides, and at
different seasons. The best remedy
now known, and the only one by which
the first brood is killed and a large per
cent of the fruit saved from their rav
ages, is the use of one or theother of the
atsenical sprays, composed of London
purple or Paris green with water. These
are to be applied just after the fruit
has "set," and betore It has become
heavy enough to droop or the calyx end
to turn downward. One or two thor
ough sprayings at this time, it has been
proved, will save at least seventy per
cent of the loss otherwise experienced.
Tho ratio of these poisons best adapted
for the purpose lias not yet been den
nitely ascertained, since this varies with
conditions of climate, latitude, etc.
About four ounces of the Paris green
and three of the London purple to the
4550 gallons of water will probably
t- 1' ' . 1 . . I'll iL-
oo sumcieuuy Bironu 10 &m iuo wurms.
and at the samo time not injure or kill
the foliago during ordinary weather at
A3 win be seen mucti depends upon
the thoroughness of the first applica
tions, lhe spraying can be done wita
any of the machines obtainable at al
most any of the larger implement houses.
The kind depending on the amount of
spraying to be done. The cost of two
thorough sprayings is but a few cents- a
tree and much more and better fruit
will be tho result As 'it is impossible
to spray so as to successfully combat the
second brood, and because of the fact
that the moth flies only at night and is
not easily attracted by lights or otner
traps, the only way to keep this pest
within bounds is by a continuous war
fare through the united efforts ot all the
fruit growers in the state.
TOM A. W ILLIAMS,
State University,
ALWAYS SIGN YOUR NAME.
State Agent Hartley has an order for
goods from Seward amounting to $3.85
which ho would be glad to fill Dut t.ere
is no name given to whom they can bo
shipped, lie waits for instructions, and
again we repeat always sign your name..
A Chicago boy was arrested at Wash
ington, la., for kidnapping his two
young brothers from their dissolute
parents and finding them good homes.
Justice Lamar, who never accents a nasa
or presdnt of any kind, tells of himself
this one I " Pewa in the locality I call my
home lives old John Diluard. . Some
years in John presented me with a very
fine Auerney cow. , I said : 'John, I
never, receive presents.' 'WelL' ho re
plied, 'Lamar, just give me your note,
and, as you will never pay it anyway,
you will be nothing out and a cow
ahead,' "fOhicago Herald,
WHAT WE WAT.
AH ln ths 4w of d brssktBC,
Wfcoa a itrocf aracd aaUra hxli tea
wr
Ths weary bard at from bck.s that ar ach
laf With maximum labor an4 minimum pay;
Whm soma Is honored who hoards his mil
lions; TChsn bum fasstt on Mother" too,
A4 dixtt poor raff eric, striving Wiltons
Kfc&ll itutr hi richM of an U tail.
There to cold' for ell In the earth's broad
bosom.
There to food for ail la tbe lead's treat store,
Sah to provided If rigUUr dirtied;
Let each ism take what he Beads-no war.
ShasM ob ths miser with nnused riches.
Who rota tho toiler to swsU his hoard.
Who beat down tho wage of tho digsor of
ditches
And steals tho broad from Uw poor man's
board.
Shanse on ths owner of mines whose eroel
And selfish measures havo brought him
wealth.
While the ragged wretches who dig his fuel
Xre robbed of ooanf ort and bopo and hooltb.
Shame on tho ruler who rides in hi carriage
Bought with the labor, of half -paid men
Ilea who are shut oat of homo and marriage
ad are horded like sheep las a hovel pea.
Let the elarlon rotoe of the aattaa wake blm
To broader vision and fairer play.
Or let the baad of a just law shake him
Till his lU-gaiaod dollars shall roll a war.
Lot bo man dwell under a mountain, of plun
der. Lot bo man suffer with waat and cold ;
Wo want right living, not mere alms-giving.
Wo want just dividing of labor and gnld.
-lEila Wheeler Wlloox.
MISTAKEN ECONOMY.
"We really must economize somehow
or other, Josie," said my husband, tug
ging wildly at bis whiskers.
''Yes, indeed, we must, " I said, wring
ing my hands. "But I am sure, my dear,
we are neither of us extravagant. We
must eat, we must drink, and we must
live."
Then we sat and looked at each other
in a sort of mild despair.
We had only been married six months.
Obadiah and L We were Very young,
and perhaps we had began the world too
early. Our relations told us we had no
business to marry; but as their gratuitous
opinions were all that they had ever
given us, or ever intended to give us. wo
had not paid much attention to these
utterances.
We had taken a little one story cottage,
just on the high road, which was to let
cheap, because there were only two rooms
and a kitchen to it But what did Obadiah
and I want with more than two rooms
and a kitchen? I had the furniture which
Grandmother Newcomb had given me,
and a rag carpet which my poor mother
had woven the .winter before she died.
To be sure, our accommodations were not
extensive, but we did not expect to hold
fashionable receptions or to give large
dinner parties.
Obadiah had plenty ox work in the
woolen factory, down by the depot, and
hung out my little sign, "Dressmaking
and Millinery, " and hoped that some one
would see it, and come in and give me an
order. But no one came. I had plenty
of time after my housekeeping duties ;
were over in the morning, and I couldn't
be always beeswaxing the furniture,
arranging the china cupboard, or polish
ing the windows, v -.v. '
"I wish I could get some dressmaking
to dot" 1 said wistfully, and I did so long
for a dollar or two of my own. , "
" Why don t you advertise in the Tillage
paper?" said old II r. Meggs.
Obadiah burst out laughing.
"Advertise!" said he. "Why, what on
earth do you take us for, Mr. Meggs?, It
costs a deal of money to advertise. "
It costs something certainly, "said Mr.
Meggs, thoughtfully stroking his chin,
but then it calls public attention to the
particular sort of iron you have in the
fire."..'..' -
A little local paper like that, " said
Obadiah, rather contemptuously.
" It's local custom that your wife wants,
isn't it?" said Mr. Meggs. ,
And I never did think much of news
papers," added Obadiah.
So that settled iho question; and after
ward, when the foreman of the woolen
factory cut down the wages of the work
men 20 per cent., and coal went up, and
the winter set in hard and cold, and we
begun to consider the question of how
and where we could economize, the local
paper was almost the very first thing upon
which my husband settled.
"That, at least, is an unnecessary ex
travagance, "he said. '
I winced a , little. The BogRsville
Herald had been my companion for more
lonely evenings than I cared to remember.
"It's only $1.50 a year, Obadiah, and
really it's a very interesting little paper, "
I said.
"Just $1.50 too much," said my hus
band curtly. "The subscription is just
out. I'll tell them we won't" renew it.
If you care so much about it Josie, you
can easily borrow Mrs. Meggs s paper.
I was silent. I never could make Oba
diah understand the deep rooted aversion
to borrowing from any one, which I had
inherited from my mother.
So we cave up the weekly paper, and
left off using butter, and burned candles
a penny a pound cheaper, and I sponged
and cleaned and rebound and new but
toned Obadiah's great coat, instead of
buying a new one, and left oil going to
church because my . old cloak was so
shabby and I couldn't afford anything
better. . And oh, how I did miss the Her
ald! ' : , V.
If I could only get a little dressmak
ing to do," I said to myself, "I would
subscribe again. But.1 can not bear to
ask Obadiah for a cent of his hardearned
money."
I was sitting by the window, sad and
lonely, one freezing February day, try
ing to mend an old waistcoat of Oba
diah's, so that it would Jast a few days
longer, when a traveling peddler with a
huge basket of china ornaments on one
arm and a bundle on his shoulder knocked
at the door. He nodded at me in an in
sinuating manner as I answered tbe
summons.
"Couldn't I sell you , anything this
morning, ma'am?" he said, with a liberal
display of very white and even teeth.
"Anything in the way of elegant mantel
vases, statuettes, decorated china, match
boxes .
"I have no mcnoy , and I i t want
any tt your wares, " I esid spiriilJy.
"Ah, but you do not know what a
splendid article I havo here," he persist
ed, loosening the strap which passed
across his shoulder, and lowering tho
precious, package to the floor. A pair of
real Wedgeweod faiences. Oh, don't
shake your head ma'asn; I shan't charge
you anything for looking at them, you
know. T-m certain-you are an artist
all the ladies are born artists and this
is something quite out of the ordinary
run."
And with a succession of nods and
grins he unstrapped a pair of really very
pretty blue rases, nearly S feet high, and
ornamented with raised garlands in
white.
"Only $0 a pair, ma'am," said he,
"Dirt cheap. . It's positively giving them
away at that price."
"I have not 10 to spare," I replied in
differently. "It is a great bargain, ma'am," be in
sisted. .
"I do not want them," I said.
He was silent a few seconds.
"I'm sorry, ma'am, " he said. "They'd
ba a great decoration for a house like
this. But if you really won't buy, it
would be doing me a great favor to al
low thom to remain here until to-morrow.
I've a long tramp before me, and
I'm not going to any place where I think
they'd be likely to buy anything of this
sort 111 set them back by the chimaey
piece, ma'am, where they won't be in any
body's way. I'm very tired with carry
ins them." .
I felt sorry for the poor jaded wretch
oo I made no objection. And when he
was gone the vases did make the room
look wonderfully pretty. I could not
but wish they were mine.
Obadiah perceived them at once when
be came home to tea.
"Hello, what does this mean?" he
asked.
So I told him, adding
"I only wish that I could afford them
they are so handsome. "
Obadiah walked around and around
them, with his brows knit thoughtfully
and his hands in his pockets.
"Yes, they're pretty," said be, "But
they are not perfect "
"Not perfect! " I echoed.
"Not by any moans. Don't you see
that lengthwiie crack down one ? And
the end of the little raked rosebud is
chipped off on the other. I hope you
didn't do it, Josie?" with a sudden glance
of apprehension. 4
"I? Certainly not!" I cried. "Why,
I haven't so much as touched the
things!"
"Then I dare say it's all "right," said
Obadiah.
And we sat down to supper.
The next day, however, my friend,
the china vender, came along, smiling
and obsequious ai ever.
, "There are your, vase3, I said, "just
where you left thom."
But all at once he broke out into a
storm of reproach and obloquy. They
had been cracked and damaged in my
care.. They were perfect absolutely per
fect; when he left them there the day
before. I had worked the mischief, and
I was of c(.urso rcsponsibla for the value
of the articles.
Of course I knew that the rascal was
telling a falsehood; but what could Ido?
I was alone in the house and fairly terri
fied by the ferocity of the man.
"You must pay me for them," he reit
erated again and again, "or I will have
you arrested at once. "
1 burst into tears.
"How can I pay you?" I said, "The
vases were damaged when you left them
here. And, beside, I have uot $5 no,
nor $1 in the house, " Which was true
enough."''
While I spoke he had been glancing
furtively around.
"I don't want to be hard with you,
ma'am," lie said. "Of course a poor
man like mo has gottoave himself from.
loss, and if you'll let me have that &et of
blue and white India china in the dresser,
I'll leave the vases, and we'll say no more
about it."
It went to my heart to part with the
India Ware, which had been a relic of my
mother's housekeeping days, but I wa3
so terrified by the man's bullying man
ner that I believe I would have given him
the house over my head if he had asked
for it, and he went away, leaving the
beautiful vases on ths floon,
; How glad I was to see Mrs. Meggs coine
cheerfully in a half hour afterward! a
good motherly old soul, with silver spec
tacles, and an elderly dimple still linger
ing on her cheek.
" Why, my d ar, what is the matter ?
she asked.
I told her all.
"But,. my dear," she said, "how came
you. to be so taken in? There was an ar
ticle in- the paper lat week warning
everybody against this very impostor.
Didn't you see it?. It was called ' The
Vase Swindler.'"
I colored deeply and hung my head,.
"We have stopped taking the paper, I
said. "Obadiah thought we couldn't
afford- " ,
"And your beautiful china, too!" said
Mrs. Meggs. "Why, there was half a
column in the paper, week before last,
about the value of old china just now.
And by what it stated your set of India
ware must have been worth $20 at least. "
Twenty dollars! And I had frittered
them away for a pair of wretched,
cracked, tawdry vases, of the very sight
of which I was already sick.
. "My dear," said Mrs. Meggs, "your
ideas of economy are altogether mis
placed. You should read the papers. "
Obadiah went and subscribed for the
Boggsville Herald that Tery evening.
And in the first number he saw an adver
tisement for hands at a new steam fac
tory in the neighborhood, which offered
steady work and wages a third higher
than he was now receiving. And I in
serted a modest little "Dressmaking
Wanted," and it was answerei within a
week, and X am now making my own
snug little income, thank Heavent
And if anybody tells us now that we
can't afford to take a paper, we tell them,
Obadiah and I, that we can't afford to do
without one.
IMPORTANT TO YOU.
Public Sale of Shire Horses
STATE FAIR GROUPS, LINCOLN, NEBRASKA,
FEBRUARY IOth, 1891.
Twenty Head of English Shire Stallions and
Hares, the Property of J. P. and S.
Berridge.
These horses were imported from England last September, and were all
selected by us from the most noted breeders of Shires. They are sound,
flrst-class specimens of this most famous breed, ran-ing in ages from eight
montlu to four years, all with the very best pedigree. Anyone in want of a
No. i, typical -young Shire should not fail to attend this sale. The Shire
horse sale ot the season. Time given, terms easy.
For catalogue and further information, address.
COL. WOODS, J. P. & S. BERRIDGE,
Auctioneer. - (629) - State Fair Grounds Lincoln, Neb.
THE
AT
BOSTON CLOTHING STORE
For the past ten days is caused by the unprecedented low prices on
Clothing. There is still undoubtedly some of the greatest bargains in
MEN AND BOY'S CLOTHING
Ever offered to the public in this city and it will pay you to step in
and see what Miltonberger is doing. He does not want to carry
goods over another seasen, consequently he offers
Bargains in Every Department,
i 1039 O STREET 1039
DEPARTMENT HOUSE.
We carry one of the largest stocks west of the
Missouri Elver, in
Dry Goods, Garptes, Boots. Shoes and Groceries.
Ws ars prspsxsd to flrars on Urga oontrseti of anrthlnf la oar 11ns and ALLIANCI PBO-'
K.B will do well to jrt our prices on BUpls and Fanoy c oods.
Farm Product sxi hanged for Grossrles snd Dry Goods, Bane, snd Csrpstt.
We have three store rooms and our
Carpet Department extends over all.
Yon will save money by writing us
for prices and samples etc (rotf)
IF YOU WANT TO BUY
DRY MS ID
AT LOW PSICES EOR CASH,
WE INVITE TO U TO CALL.
If at any time you are dissatisfied with a pur.
chase made from us, the goods can be returned
and money will be refunded.
Very Respectiully,
133 to 139 South
LIMDELL HOTEL.
0
Ell y.
ALLIANCE HEADQUARTERS.
CORNER 13TH AND M STS., LINCOLN, NEB,
Three blocks from Capitol building. Lincoln's newest, neatest and
beBf, uptown hotel. 80 new rooms just completed, including large committee
rooms, making'125 rooms in all. A. L. HOOVER & SON, Prop'rs.
STATE AGENTS LIST,
Anyone having Clover, Timothy or Flax seed
for sale please notify the State Agent. f
THIS WEEK.
White Grained sugar per 100 $6 00
" , " in barrel lots 5
California Strained Honey per lb 10
Mpale Syrup in gallon cans
Corn Syrup in 2 pails
Fine Sugar Syrup ia kegs
Sorgham in kegs
" J barrels per gallon
75
75
1 40
1 80
40
S3
J. W. HARTLEY, State
AT
KUSH
THE
Sfct,
C9
Comer IOth nd P Streets.
MILLER & PAINE,
11th St, Lincoln, Neb.
wmmmi
it
JANUARY. 1st, 1891,
Very fine California peaches per fi 20
" " apricots " 20
s V J " prunes " io
California dried grapes also raisins.
Tomatoes best per can . 9
Coffee etc. at bottom prices.
Flour per 100
Buckwheat flour per sack 12i&
Corn and oats chop feed per 100
1 50
43
1 25
Agent, Lincoln, Neb.
GABPETS