. THE ALLIANCE.
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY HORNING.
BY TflE
ALLIANCE PUBLISHING
CO.
BOHANNAN BLOCK,
Lincoln, - - - Nebraska.
J. BURROWS, :
J, M. THOMPSON,
: ; Editor.
Associate Editor.
All communications for the paper should
bo addressed to THE ALLIANCE PUBLISH
ING CO., aud all matters pertaining: to the
Farmers' Alliance, includitgr subscriptions to
the pape, to the Secretary.
EDITORIAL-
Has There Been a Contraction of the
Currency?
The report of the secretary of the
treasury is in some respects a remarka
ble document. Mr. Windom under
takes to show, not only that there has
been no contraction, but rather an ab
solute expansion of the currency be
tween 1878 and 1889. This raises some
very interesting questions. Has there
really been any shrinkage of values in
the period named? Have prices really
gone down? Is there any such thing as
ii financial depression, any way? Are
there any farm mortgages in the conn
try? Is the country as a whole in debt
or not? and isn't a chronic condition
of debt the very best condition, after
all?
Air. V lmlom s iicrures showing an
uctuaj decrease of circulation will not
bear inspection. Vor instance, he gives
the total gold coin in circulation March
1, 1878 at $82,530,163. The official treas
ury report gives the amount of gold
r-oin on June 30, same year, as follows
In treasury $128,400,202; in national
!anks$8,l!l,952; in circulation, in other
banks, and in individual hands $76,547,-
S21. The two last items make $84,739,
7(3, or considerably more than two
million more tlmn Mr. Windom states.
For the- same date in 1878 he gives no
standard silver dollars. lhe treasury
reports $1,500,000 at that time. He
gives the subsidiary silver at 53J mil
lion, while the treasury reports of the
same year place it at nearly sixty-five
million dollars. If his figures of circa
Jation for 1889, of which we have no of
"ficial statistics, are as much increased
-a,s those for 1878 are curtailed, a large
bole would be made iu the volume of
money he names as in circulation now.
Hut in studying this question, relative
as well as absolute volume should be
considered. Unless increase of circula
tion has kept pace with increased popu
lation -and production, there has been a
contraction of the currency. Mr. Win
lom admits an increase of 33 per cent
of population, and claims an increase of
74 per cent in circulation, or $21.75 per
.rapita now, as against $16.50 per capita
In 1878. According to these figures in-
- crease of circulation has a little more
than kept pace with population. But
has not increased production very large
ly exceeded both? In 1878 wc produced
-of wool 211 million pounds, against 285
million pounds in 1886. We needed 40
emillions more money to handle our
wool in '86 than wc did in '78. In '78
we produced 4,773,805 bales cf cotton,
against 6,505,087 bales in '87. We need
ed that year, to handle our cotton, at
450 per bale, nearly 73 million dollars
more than in '78. In '78 we produced
2,577,361 tons of pig iron, against 6,305,
328 tons in 1886. We needed nearly 37
million dollars more to handle our pig
Iron in 1886 than we did In 1878. In
he same period our production of rail
road bars increased nearly 33 million
lollars; our petroleum 10 millions; our
fermented liquors 50 millions; our con
sumption of sugar 70 millions; our pro
duction of tobacco 50 millions. The
-value of our horses increased from '78
to '88 nearly 350 millions; our mules 70
millions; our oxen nearly 300 millions;
our swine 60 millions; our coal produc
tion 80 million tons, or 240 million dol
lars. Our increased tonnage entered
and cleared from '78 to '87 Avas six- mil
lion tons.
On the few natural products we have
named we needed to exchange them on
the same basis of value as in 1878 at
least 953 millions of dollars more than
we had at that date. The best that Mr.
"Windom can figure out with his one
sided statistics is nearly 600 millions,
making a contraction on this short line
alone of 353 millions. Now add to this
the long line of agricultural produc
tions we have not named, and then pile
upon the top our enormously increased
manufactures, and the enormous con
traction we have suffered, and the illu
sive and deceitful character of Mr. Win-
dom's figures, w u 1-e appreciated. The
increase in fifty of our leading branches
of manufactures between 1870 and 1880,
-was 800 millions of dollars. At the
same ratio of increase aud the same
valuation, the increase between '80 and
"J would be 100 millions. This, added
to the short line of natural products
named, would amount to 1,953 millions,
which should have been added to our
currency to enable us to carry the .same
load we did in 1878. But Mr, Windom.
raided by his Wall Street colleagues, nnd
by the use. of false ligures, can cipher
-out only about 600 millions, leaving a
relative contraction since 1878 of over
1,300 millions.
t j. i a i l . y i
is ii any woinier mat juices uuc ue
dincd, that business stagnates, that la
bor is idle,, that enterprise lags, and
farms are mortgaged, under such cir
vcumstauces? The President's Position on Silver.
To the president's statement of the
the facta in regard to silver no excep
tion can be taken, and the showing
made by these facts is unquestionably
uite in favor of silver. We have of
silver in circulation to-day, including
Kiertificates and coin, over 337 millions,
sind only a little oyer six millions in the
treasury. Considering the claim that
the people do not want silver, and con
sidering the magnitude of our silver in
terests, this is a very good showing in
deed. The president discusses the question
of the bullion value of the silver dollar,
preceding that discussion with the re
mark that "neither the present secre
tary nor iiis predecessors have deemed
it safe" to coin more than two millions
I
ner month, and folio w in cr it with the
admission that "the evil anticipations
which have accompanied the coinage
anil nun rf tho cilvof flftlljir h.lVC not
been realized." He also gives the true J
explanation why
., i n l A
the silver dollar doestf
not have general use as a coin, viz:
lliis is manifestly owing to the fact
that its paper representative is more
convenient." He says: "The general
acceptance and use of the silver certifi
cates show that silver has not been oth
erwise discredited."..
Up to this point the president is fair
and just. But from this point on he
seems to be in the condition of a man
under the necessity of espousing a cause
he does not believe in; and so his opin
ions become vague - and his statements
neutral. Referring to the practical
equality between the silver and goltlNUlhspensable condition of support
uonar, ne says: - ome iavorame cir -
cumstances have contributed to main
tain it." What are these "favorable
circumstances?" The fact exists that
there has not been a day since the pass
age of the Bland law when the silver
dollar would not purchase the gold
bullion contained in the gold dollar,
anywhere within the jurisdiction of the
U. S. The only "favorable circum
stance' causing this facris that the sil
ver dollar was by the Bland bill made
legal tender for the payment of all debts
public and private. If the bullion value
of the silver in the dollar was only fifty
cents this would still be true, as far as
all exchanges for commercial purpose's
were concerned. The only exception
to it would be in the case of those per
sons who desired to hoard metal money
and hold it out of use; in other words,
misers. These are so inconsiderable in
number as to be not worth' counting.
Outside of the jurisdiction of the U. S
silver would be a commodity, and would
be used in settling balances at its bullion
value, as it is now, and alwa3's has
been. And this is as true of srold as it
is of silver.
The president goes on to say:
think it is clear that if we should make
the coinage of silver at present ratio
free, we must expect the difference in
bullion values of gold and silver dollar.'
will be taken account of in commercial
transactions, and I fear the same result
would follow any considerable increase
of present rale of coinage." What does
the president mean by this? Does he
mean by this that prices of products
would be dual? that, there would be
one price in silver and another in gold?
Or does he mean that contracts would
be made payable in gold alone? Or
does he perchance mean that prices all
along the line would be advanced?
As to dual prices, tney have never
been made except in relation to coin
money and bank paper. The supposi
tion of any divergence between the gold
and silver bullion in the gold and silver
dollars, at the present ratio, that would
justify dual price, is simply absurd.
As to making contracts payable iu
gold, they are pkima facie invalid, un
less made payable in a foreign country.
As to an advance in prices all along
the line, no greater boon could be be
stowed upon the people than that.
But when the president penned those
words he had none of the above ideas,
nor any other, clearly in his mind. He
had a vague idea that he must panderA
to the powerful interests of Wall and
Broad Streets, and that he could only
do that by making a blind stab at silver.
A stab at silver to-day is a stab at the
heart of the people. It is not silver that
they particularly want, but moke mox
ev; and free and unlimited coinage of
silver is merely one of the ways of get
ting it.
PROTECTION FOR FARMERS.
In reference to the tariff President
Harrison says: "The protective princi
pie should be maintained, and tairly ap
plied to me products ot our lieids as
well as our people." This and the bal
ance of the paragraph are simply mean
ingless platitudes. The president should
have explained how the "protective
principle" can be fairly applied to tlie
products of the fields of a country Avhich
exports but does not import agricultural
products, and the price of which pro
duets are made iu the open unprotected
markets of the Avorld. If the thing
is to be evened up between the farmers
and manufacturers, there are only two
ways to do it: First, tax the farmers to
pay a bonus to the manufacturers, and
then take the resulting surplus ami di
vide it. among the farmers. But this
Avould not be a lair application, as
the amount sticking in the manufactur
ers pockets Avould many times exceed
the surplus accumulating in the treas
ury. The second plan is to tax all
classes to pay a direct bounty to the
farmers, as all are now taxed to pay a
bounty to the manufacturers. Neither
plan will le adopted; but the high tariff
will remain, and the effort Avill be con
tinued to fool the farmers with cheap
platitudes about fairly applying the
protective principle Avhere by no con
ceivable strain of economic laws it can
possibly be applied. How long, O
Lord?
They May Be Mistaken.
The snobs who declare they're the cream
of the land
The superlative few, the select of the race
Should remember the process that nature has
planned
Puts the cream and the scum in the very same
place.
"Those Avho OAvn the land own the
men," say the believers in the single
tax. Very true; but those who oavii the
capital own the land. Journal of Uni
ted Labor.
THE NATIONAL ALLIANCE MEETING
AT ST. LOUIS.
.A. XJ2ST ionsr
On a Platform by the National Alliance,
the Farmers' and Laborers' Co-Op-erative
Union and the Knights
of Labor.
A GRAND DECLARATION,
United on this Platform, a imai He-
tory is Certain!
,, . . A . -nf fiP(,inmtm
-LUC 1UUOVV IUJT 1 l" Jum" "
6
of the Farmers and the committee of
the Knights of Labor assembled in St.
Louis last week. The demands of this
declaration are the demands of all the
societies represented, unanimous, and
without reserve or qualification. The
time has at last arrived when these
three great societies can go before the
eountrv united unon one platform, and
united upon the further demand thatWould'
all candidates for offices shall unquali
fiedly endorse these demands, as an in-
That we demand the abolition of nation-
al banks, and the substitution of legal tender
treasury notes in lieu of national bank notes;
issued in sufficient A-oJurno to do the business
of the country on a eash system; regulating
the amount needed on a per capita basis as
the buslnoss of the country expands; -anil
that all money issued by the government
shall be legal tender in payment of all debts,
both public and private.
2. That we demand that congress shall pass
such laws as shall effectually prevent the
dealing in futures of all agricultural and me
chanical productionspreserving such a strin
gent system of procedure in trials as shall
secure prompt conviction, and imposing such
penalties as shall secure the most perfect
compliance with the law.
3. That we demand the free and unlimited
coinage of sih-er.
4. That we demand the passage of laws
prohibiting alien ownership of land, and that
congress take early steps to devise some plan
to obtain all lands now owned by aliens and
foreign syndicates ; and that all lands now
held by railroad and other coi'porations in ex
cess of such as is actually used and needed by
them be reclaimed by the government and
held for actual settlers only.
5. Believing in the doctrine of "equal
rights to all and special privileges to none,"
we demand that taxation, national or state,
shall not be used to build up one interest or
class at the expense of another.
Wc believe that the money of the country
should be kept as much as possible in the
hands of the people, and hence we demand
that all revenues, national, state orcounty,
shall be limited to the necessary expenses of
the gOACrnment economically and honestly
administered.
6. That congress issue a sufficient amount
of fractional paper currency to facilitate ex
changes through the medium of the United
States mail.
7. That the means of communication and
transportation shall be owned by and oper
ated in the interest of the people, as is the
United States postal system.
And it is further agreed that in order to
carry out these objects, we will support for
office only such men as can be depended vipon
to enact these principles into statute law un
influenced by party caucus.
S. II. Erwin,
Chairman of Committee of Farmers' and La
borers' Union.
H. L. Loucks,
President of National Farmers' Alliance.
John H. Poweks,
Vice-President of National Farmers' Alliance,
August Post,
Secretary of National Farmers' Alliance.
T. V. Poavikkl,v,
A. AV. Wright,
It. IlKAUMOST,
Representing Knights of Labor.
The above declaration Avill be en
dorsed and supported by three milMon
farmers and Knights of .Labor; and it
should form a nucleus around Avhich all
the reforms of the country can rally
and march to the polls and victory.
While a cpmplete organic union was
not made between the Northern and
Southern Alliances, the ground Avas
cleared, and all or nearly all points of
difference remoA ed, so that union may
be considered practically accomplished.
Tavo Northern States, Iowa and Minne
sota, being entirely Avithout instruc
tions, refused to complete an organic
union witnout an opportunity to refer
the matter back to their State Alliances.
The southern men Avere strenuous that
a final union should be accomplished
Avithout any delay. This placed our
people in a very embarrassing position,
1 as they Avere very loth to take action
"Twhieh would force a secession of two
states. The time to Avhich the session
could be prolonged had about arrived,
on account of limitation of railroad
tickets. At this juncture President
Loucks, of Dakota, proposed as a'linal
compromise, that the two bodies should
join together and, the constitution
Avhich had been proposed having been
accepted by both bodies, they should
proceed to the election of officers for
the new organization, and that upon
such election the. action should be re
ferred back to the states for ratification,
and Avhen t o-thirds of the states had:
ratitied, the union should be announced ;
by proclamation. This proposition :
Avas rejected by th Southern Alliance,
Avherenpon the Northern Alliance ad- '
journed sine die. It is probable that!
there might have been some nusunder- I
standing as to the nature of this propo- j
sition. Previous to its submission both ,
bodies had elected their officers for the
ensuing yeai In the southern body we ';
are informed the elect ion Avas prolonged !
and exciting. The delegates Avere tired 1
out Avith the long uninterrupted Avork
of the session, and perhaps felt indis
posed to enter into another election.
IIoAvever all this may be, all impor
tant points of difference between the
two bodies being removed, a final union
will undoubtedly take place at the next
meeting. And it may be better, and
may conduce to our final strength, that
this temporary delay has taken place.
We Avill know each other better at the
next meeting than Ave did at this. It is
well to say, hoAvever, that no differences
of a sectional nature could be seen at
St. Louis. The color line was nearly oblit
erated, and our people from all sections
met as one indivisible people, with
identical interests and a common cause.
The only real embarrassmennt arose
from the refusal of tAvo states to ratify
withont referring to their states. And
inthe case of these-states their dele
gates were in favor of union.
The officers for, the ensuing year are
as follows:
President, Hon. H. L. Loucks, of Da
kota. Vice-President, John H. Powers, of
Nebraska.
Secretary, August Post, ot lowa.
Treasurer, J. J. Furlong,, of Minne
sota.
Our work for the ensuing year will
be to go forward exactly on the line of
our former work. .Rush our organiza
tion everywhere spread the light
unify the farmers and laboring classes
on the basis of our united declaration
concentrate our influence upon the law
making power, so that we may enact
laws as well as adopt resolutions, and
be ready to intelligently exercise the
power that belongs to us as the great
conservative force of this nation, stand
ing as we do between the anarchists led
by Herr Most, and more dangerous an
archists led by Vanderbilt and Jayf
GAMBLING IN PRODUCTS.
The Louisiana Lottery is one of the
worst frauds of this century. The sell
ing of options is much worse, than the
Louisiana Lottery. Because men are
under no compulsion to buy lottery
tickets, and if they throw aAvay their
money in them they are alone to blame
But selling options, or gambling in f it
tures, affects all the farmers in this
country by unduly depressing the price
of their products before they lea e their
hands. The organized boards of trade
permit their members to sell untold
millions of dollars' worth of products,
while they do not OAvn a dollar's Avorth,
and never expect to deliver a bushel or
a pound. These enormous sales have
exactly the same effect that Avould be
caused by farmers forcing their crops
upon the market in too great quanti
ties. The price is forced doAvn. This
is the intention of the option sellers
This business has been largely. deA'el-
oped m the past four years. During
those years wheat has averaged only 81
cents per bushel, Avhile for the four pre
ceding years it aA'eraged $1.11. There
is little doubt that the farmers of the
Avest have lost in depressed prices
caused by this infamous- business at
least one hundred million of dollars in
the past four years. A Chicago broker
Avill stand in the pit and unload a mill
ion bushels of wheat in thirty minutes,
and drop the market a cent and a half,
Avhile he doesn't OAvn a bushel, and
doesn't intend to. But that fictitious
sale of a million bushels will cost the
farmers nearly seven millions of dollars
1 his CA'il has become national, and it
demands a national remedy. Would
the protected industries, or the national
banks, or the associated laAvyers, en
dure such a wrong for a moment with'
ijnt v h;iiuixiii uuun euuiress ior re-
lress? Congi-ess may not have juris
diction to absolutely prohibit option
dealing in the different states. But it
can, as a revenue measure, impose a li
cense on boards of trade, and by indi
rection kill this infamous business.
Farmers are not the only ones inter
ested in this matter. EA'ery legitimate
packer and handler of grain and pro
visions is interested in stability of prices,
and naturally objects to being placed at
the mercy of sharpers and gamblers
Tj .1 . - .
lec every man in me state avho has any
interest in it Avrite to his member of
congress demanding a remedy.
JEFF DAVIS IS DEAD.
History affords no parallel to the life
and death of this man. Educated by
the nation, he took service in its army,
and made an honorable soldier's record.
Entering the Avalks of civil life, he
achieved political distinction and very
high position in the civil goAernment.
With the approach of the struggle
against the dishonor of human slavery
in a nominally free republic, he es
poused the damning cause Avhich barred
progress and blackened humanity. With
a narroAv heart he let his patriotism be
bounded by state instead of national
lines, and became a traitor to the coun
try that had nursed and honored him.
Becoming chiefest among conspirators
for his country's ruin, he aided in de
luging the republic Avith blood and in
Avasting billions of treasure for an in
stitution that every honest heart knew
Avas on its Avane, and at best could only
be maintained for a brief moment against
the hurrying adA ance of a better civili
zation . Losing a cause that Avas against
(Jod and humanity, he refused to accept
the just verdict refused the clemency
of an amnesty when he richly deserved
a gibbet and stood the balance of his
days a gloomy and sullen misanthrope,
mourning because lie did not quite suc
ceed iu turning the hopes of the repub
lic into despair.
This is the verdict of history. His
death 'closes a chapter Avhich avc
may avcII pray may never be repeated.
There' is something lame and impo
tent in the spectacle of a people retain
ing such a man for its idol.
SECRETARY WINDOW'S PLAN.
In our next issue avc shall discuss Sec
retary Windom's plan for issuing certifi
cates on silver bullion. This plan of
the secretary is termed by the gold-bugs
a boon to the sih"er men. The pregnant
facts that this plan Avould stop the coin
age of silver dollars, Avould leave gold
the unit of Aalue and money of account,
and Avould effect no expansion of the
actual money volume, do not escape
these men. They only hope they. Avill
not be noticed. It is safe to say the sil
ver men Avill accept no such boon.
Such admissions as the folloAving in
the Lincoln Journal, which is of course
a gold-bug organ, are significant.
"The steady appreciation of
gold is impoverishing the business class and
enriching the money-lending class to an op
pressive degree."
Does the Journal include farmers in
the "business class?"
A CUKREXCT CRANK.
That's Senator Farwell, of Chicago.
He is elaborating his scheme for issuing
more money. The scheme is to issue
money on state, railroad or other bonds
which may be approved by the power
for that purpose provided. In other
words to go back to wild-cat money
and bank note detectors. If an Alli
ance convention had proposed such a
thing they would be denounced as fa
natics and cranks. But Mr. Farwell is
a millionaire merchant of Chicago, and
his silly proposition will receive re
spectful consideration. But it will not
do. Gold and silver, and U. S. treasury
notes i. e. greenbacks are good
enough money.
The New York Sun states that the
annual income of John D. Rockefeller
is $20,000,000. This requires the con
stant labor of 54,794 laborers at one dol
lar per day. Surely this control of la-
borbvthe control of money is more
brofi table than to own the laborers as
-Afchattel slaves. The wealthiest slaAe
holder of the south never dreamed of
being able to hold fifty thousand .slaves
under the system of unrestricted chattel
slaverj. But under our present system
of debt and A-age slavery it is not un
usual. It requires the labor of one man
six days at one dollar per day, to fur
nish John D. Rockefeller his.income for
one second. Ana itocKeieiier is due
one of thousands of monopolistic mas.
ters of greater or smaller dimensions.
Is it strange that the slaves are not
satisfied? '
A PLEDGE VICTORY.
We copy the folloAving from Farm
and Fireside to show what may be ac
complished by farmers working co-operatively
lor the election of public offi
cers. The pledge of candidates pro
posed by the great union of Alliance
men and Rights of Labor cannot fail of
niacins in comrress and in many other
offices men who will stand by tlie inter
ests of the people:
In our NoA-ember issue Is a brief refer
ence to the Farmers' League in Massa
chusetts, organized for the purpose of
electing members of the state legisla
ture pledged in favor of a bill to pro
hibit coloring oleo like butter. The re
sult of the election shows that the work
of the league Avas a decided success. In
fact, the farmers hae gained a great
A'ictory. An OA-ervvhelming majority of
the members elect of each branch of the
legislature are honest butter men. The
result sIioavs the Avisdom of the course
pursued by the league. It was non-partisan.
No iicav party was formed, but
the farmers simply voted for the candi
dates pledged to stand by them. That's
all there was of it. In districts where
all the candidates were pledged alike.
the Aoters did not step outside their
partA' lines. But in districts Avhere the
candidates differed on the oleo question,
party lines Avere disregarded. The
course of the league Avas sensible. It
Avas sensible and practicable politics.
It has demonstrated just what can be
done in nearly every state in the union
There is no sense in farmers standing
around grumbling about adverse legis
lation when it is Avithm their poAver to
remedy it. They hold the balance of
political .poAver, and the fault is their
OAvn if thwy do not make a good use of
it. A political non-partisan organiza
tion like the Massachusetts Farmers
League can bring the different parties
to terms on any important issue affect
ing agriculture.
WHAT OF THE FUTURE!
From Journal of United Labor.
i
iinKKE always nave oeen wrongs
calling for remedy perhaps there al
ways will be and the people bear these
wrongs more or less patiently until they
become aggravated beyond endurance
Then they organize in some fashion for
resistance, and the teachings of bis
tory show that once the people rouse
themselves the overthrow of the wrong
is sure. The people are becoming
aroused to the e'il of the capitalistic
commercial system, and, unless the
teachings of history mislead, its oxer
throw may be said to be decreed. When
will the struggle end, when will the
competitive system end, and when will
the new heavens and new earth of asso
ciation begin? This is the question
many are now asking, but as yet no
answer comes. Can any light be bor
rowed from the pages of history which
may enable us to forecast the future?
While at the Atlanta General Assem
bly a friend handed the writer the fol
OAving. It may not be enough to build
a prophecy upon, but it is suggestive,
at any rate.
In 1625 the struggle between despot
ism and constitutionalism began in
Britain, In 1649 the question was de
cided, the head of Charles, the repre
sentative of despotism, rolled on the
scaffold and the divine right of kings
ceased to be recognized in England.
Length of struggle, 24 years.
In 1760 the American Colonies com
menced their contest with King George
and his ministers. In 17S3 the cause
of freedom triumphed.
Length of struggle, 23 years.
In 1 70S the French people began their
contest with King Louis. In 1703 the
French monarchy with its attendant
tyranny was ovethrown.
Length of struggle, 25 years.
- In 1842 President Harrison AAas
dead; the slaAe power was in the sad
dle resolved on empire. Their platform
aimed at the permanent establishment
of slavery OA'er an empire which would
include all of Texas and most of Mex
ico. In 1805 slavery Avas no more.
Length of struggle, 23 years.
The present contest between the peo
ple and the money power may be said
to have commenced in 1874. The pan
ic of 1 873 caused an awakening of the
people to a realization ol bow the mon
ey kings had fastened their shackles
upon the country, and in 1874 the work
of organizing for resistance began.
Now, if Ave add to 1S74 either 23, 24 or
25. Ave have 1807-8 or 9.
That our friends the enemy are doing
some 'figuring and speculating may be
inferred by the expression which fell
from the' lips of one of their mouth
pieces, Senator Ingalls, who predicted
that by the close of the present century
the gieat middle class in America
would be wiped out, and the class or
caste lines would be sharply and clear
ly drawn on the one side the moneyed
class, and on the other the moneyless.
All signs indicate that, though an
evil-omened one. Senator Ingalls is Lot
a false prophet. Every year, every
day, is apparently bringing us nearer
and nearer to the state he predicts, and
he must be blind indeed who fails to
sae that the financial legislation of the
country could not possiblv work out
any other result. Either our financial
legislation must be changed, and that
speedily, or Ingalls' dismal dream will
be fulfilled, and then America will
stand where Rome, Persia and all the
old civilizations stood before they
crashed to their fall: the few owning
everything, the many disinherited,
practically without interest in a coun
try which has been by legal fraud filch
ed from them.
If the American people will heed the
lessons of history and be warned by the
pvnrs of the oast all mav be well: if
they will not the results must be the
same now as then, the same here as
yonder. The people must bo organized
and they must vote men into Congress
and Legislature whose hearts are true
and whose interests are the interests of
common people. This they must do be
fore the time for constitional remedy is
past and violence becomes the only
means of righting tue wrong, as me
time approaches we must expect that
all manner of devices will be resorted
to to incite the people to violence in
sections. This must be guarded aginst,
and only by organization can it be done.
For if the enemy are allowed to provoKe
the people to violence, they will make
the outbreaks an excuse tor estaonsning
a standing army.
Whether our friend is right or not in
thinking that it takes just about a quar
ter of a century for a people to over
throw a wrong, it is sufficiently evi
dent that we are nearing a crisis, and
it will take wise heads and to turn it to
account for good. In the meantime it
is the plain duty of all to organize ana
educate.
Protected Market Report.
Humansville (Mo.) llee.
1 pound butter. .'. 10
1 bushel corn 20
1 bushel oats 15
1 bushel apples 20
1 bushel potatoes. . . . ; 20
1 bushel turnips 10
1 bushel wheat CO
Total $1.55
Buy 10 lbs. granulated sugar. .$1.00
Buy 1 lb. coffee 25
Buy 1 yard llannol 45
Total......... 1.70
Farmer in debt 15
Hurrah for Harrison and protection!
Bko. James Clakk, of Wabash, Vice
President of our State Alliance, has
lately suffered tlie loss of two children
by the fearful scourge of diphtheria.
Bro. Clark has our heartfelt sympathy
in his bereavement. None but those
Avho have, passed through the same hour
of trial knoAV Iioav futile words are to
heal the wound. There is no consola
tion for the sorrow of a bereaved par
ent's heart except trust in Him Avho
doeth all things Avell.
By Laws of the Phillips Farmers Alli
ance Business Association.
Sec. 1. The first annual meeting- of the
Phillips Business Association shall bo in one
year from the date of commencement of said
corKration, and the term of office for the offi
cers elected unon its organization shall ex
pire at this time, and a new election be held.
The manner of this election shall bo as fol
Ioavs: At the time and place appointed, di
rectors shall be chosen by ballot, by such
stockholders as are present for that purpose,
either in person or lawful proxies. Each stock
holder shall be entitled to one A'ote for each
share owned by him, and a plurality of A-otes
shall be necessary to a choice; but after the
first election no person shall vote on any
share on which any installment is due and
unpaid.
Sec. 2. The compensation of each memlior
of the board of directors shall bo one dollar
per day and necessary expenses for each day
spent in the serA-ices of the corporation.
Sec, 3. The President shall preside at all
meetings of the stockholders, and at all meet
ings of the board, to sign certificates of stock,
to haA'e general superAision of the corpora
tion, to hae acoess to its books, bills and pa
pers, to enquire into and watch over its finan
cial condition, to require from the agents and
employes statements and information con
cerning the condition of the 6aid corporation,
to cali special meetings of the board when
ever in his judgment it may be necessary, to
call special meetings of the stockholders on
the written request of ten stockholders, and
shall give at least ten days notice to each
stockholder as shall appear upon the books of
tho association, and all special meetings shall
shall be held at the principal place of busi
ness. Sec. 4. The duties of the A-ico-President
shall bo to discharge the duties of the Presi
dent in his absence.
Sec. 5. The duties of tho Secretary shall be
the general custody of all books and papers
belong to the corporation, to answer all cor
respondence, to keep correct records of all
meetings. of the loard or stockholders, to
countersign certificates of stock, to have
charge of the seal and affix the same to cer
tificates of stock issued, to receiA-e all monies
due the corporation, giving his receipt there
for, and shall turn oA'er all moneys so re-ceiA-ed
to the treasurer and take his receipt
for the same. And shall present a written re
port of his transactions and the transactions
of the corporation at each annual or special
meeting of the stockholders .
Sec. 6. The duties of the Treasurer shall be
to receive all monies from the Secretary, giv
ing his receipt for the same and pay out tho
same on the order of the Secretary, counter
signed bv the President, and present a writ
ten report of all monies received and paid
out by him at all meetings of the stockhold
ers. Sec. 7. The Secretary and Treasurer shall
giA-e bonds to the corjoration at the discre
tion of tho hoard of directors, but In no case'
shall the bond be less than the capital stock
subscribed.
Sec. S. The bonds of ajrents or employes
shall not be less than double the amount of
money liable to come, into their hands.
See. 9. The salary or compensation of clerks
or em ploj'es, Secretary and Treasurer, shall
be fixed by the loard of directors.
Sec. 10. All goods sold by the corporation
shall be paid for upon delivery.
See. 11. The stockholders at their annual
meeting and at each annual meeting thereaf
ter shall elect au auditing committee of three
stockholders, not officers of the board, who
shall, preAious to each annual meeting, audit
the account of the Secretary and Treasurer
and reKrt to the annual meeting.
Sec. 12. Upon written complaint of any
stockholder of malfeasance in office of any
officer or agent of the corporation, the board
shall investigate and take such action as the;'
deem necessary to correct tho same.
Sec. 13. The loard of directors on rccei
ing written complaint from any stockholder
as to price or quality of the goods sold by this
corporation, or respecting any discourteous
treatment by any of its agents or employes,
snail in-estigate such complaint and take
such action necessary to rectify the same.
Sec. 14. Xo director or other officer or em
ploye of this corporation shall be bondsman
or surety 'to this corporation for any other
officer or employe thereof.
Sec. 15. These by laws may be altered or
amended at any annual meeting or special
meeting called for that purpose, ten days no
tice of proposed alteration or amendment
having been given to each stockholder.
The celebrated case of the Kim wood
Farmers' Alliance against the Mo.
Pacific Ilailway, is before the board of
transportation and a decision should
have been rendered Wednesday, but
was postponed. It is expected that am
order will be issued by the board
in favor of the Alliance Company and
compelling the It. It. Co. to provide
grounds suitable for an elevator site
on their right of way at Fllmwood.
Centennial Anniversary.
"Washtnqtok, Deo. It. in pursunnoe o a
resolution adopted by congress at lta last
session the two houses mei In the hall of
representatives today to hold centennial
exercises In commemoration of tne inaug
uration of tbe first president. These are la
the nature of supplemental proceedings to
the great centennial celebration held April
80 in the city of New York. It was literaly
a gathering of nations through the foreign
legation resident in Washington, all ot
which were officially represented. Added
to these were delegates from the Central
and South American republics, accredited
to the Fan-American congress and mem
bers ot the maritime conference. Thdre
were also present the governors of about
twenty states, drawn hither for consulta
tion In regard to memorializing oongre
for the election of a centennial memorial
building at Philadelphia.
The galleries of the house were packed
before 1 o'clock, when that body notificU
the senate that it was In session. In a fewt
minutes the senate, preceded by the prefti-1
dent and vloe-president, the diplomatic
corps and justioes ot the United States sa-
?reme court entered tne nau oi ino noue.
hey were escorted to seats reserved for
them in front of the speaker's desk. Vice
President Morton then took the speaker's
chair and called the two houses to order in
joint session, while tho Matlno band ren
dered appropriate music. Eev. J. tl. but
ler, the senate chaplain, opened the exer
cises with prayer.
Chief Justice FuJler of the supreme couit
of the United States then delivered an ora
tion. The chief Justice In the oeglnning of
oration made mention ot the act declaring
April SO, 1889, a national holiday as com
memorative of the inauguration of George
Washington as the first president of the
United States. Washington, tho orator con
tinued, had become the first president not
so much by victories over the enemy or by
success by strategy an by the triumphs of
consistency, which no reverse, no hardship,
no incompetency, no treachery could shako
or overcome. lie had become first In the
hearts of his countrymen, because the peo
ple, comprehending the greatness of their
leader, recognized in him an entire absence
ot persona ambition aud abioiuto love of
country, of themselves and of mankind.'
He had become first in peace by bringing
to success the practical workings of the
system he had participated in creating on
behalf of the people whose independence
he had achieved. The same serene Judg
ment, the same sagaolty, the same sense of
duty, the same far-stghtcd comprehension
of the end to be obtained marked his
career from tho beginning. In re
ferring to international relations ex
isting between this and foreign nation.
Justice Fuller saiil: "It is ef congratula
tion that the first ylrar ef our second cen
tury Avitnesees the representatives of the
three Americas engaged in an elf art to In
crease the facilities of commercial inter
course, consulting as to the natural course
of things, diffusing and diversifying by
gentle means tho streams ot intercourse,
the success ot Avhich must unite the entire
Americas in bonds ot fraternal friendship,
and bring the people of the two American
continents in harmonious control of the
hemisphere. "
The chief justice closed with a brilliant
peroration, in which he declared that the
union had a still brighter future before it.
Key. W. H. Milburn, the house chaplain,
delivered the benediction, and while the
Marine band played a national air the as-,
semblage dispersed.
Dctei mined to Have Him I'uniehcil.
Constantinople, Dec 0. A number of'
American missionaries held a meeting in
this city to consider to course to be pur
sued In relation to the recent acquittal of
Moussa Bey, the Kurdish chief who was
charged with robbery and outrage upon
Christian women in Armenia. It was de
cided to summon from Van tw e American
missionaries who were assaulted by Mouf a
Bey and to have them place their evidence
before the proper authorities. It Is be
lieved that lllrsch, American minister, will
insist upon Moussa Bey being punished.
mm
Peculiar Style or Burial.
Baxtimobk, Md., Dec. 11. A very peculiar
will of a vexy eccentric man has been filed
in the probate court. The deceased was
Captain (H. Smith, son of the late lion.
Lewis C. Smith, a former president ot the
Chesapeake & Ohio canal. Captain Smith
disd in Kansas City. After some bequest
Captain Smith directs that his funeral ex
penses shall not exceed 930 an i that him
remains shall be conveyed to the burial
plaoe in a spring wagon. Tho body in
directed to be wrapped in a cloth,v packed
In unslscked lime, and some one, who
shall receive 5 for his services, is to pour
water into his colli n until the body is ore
mated. His will directs that It ha dies
during the day his body shall be buried
one hour before sunset, and if he dies at
night his burial shall take place one hour
ufter sunrise. It also direots that his name
shall be placed upon the family vault In
Rose Hill cemetery in llagerstown, but
tat the ashes shall bo sent to Kansas City
for burial. The ostate amounts to about
50,000.
Federation ol Labor.
Boston, Dec. 11. At today's session of the
Federation of Labor President Gompers' re
port was read. There are affiliated with the
American federation 4,S00 local unions and
a membership larger than -in any one or
ganization in the world. Efforts to estab
lish fraternal relations with and secure the
co-operation of other labor organizations
have met with success.
The isolated policy pursued by the loco
motive engineers has prevented the estab
lishment of a federation of the railway
men. lhe conference with the Knights of
Libor Is s till pending.
lioferrlngto tao farmers' orsranira'ioE
the reporc says that all proposition re-
eeivea were irom employing farmers.
The eight hour question is recommended
to the consideration of thecomnnttee to be
digested and reported.
ln tne matter of labor lrgi ilatiou the fed
erations Bhould formulate the leclslatkm
that labor demands. A more strict enforce
ment of the alien contract labor law and
the Chineso exclusion act is set forth, 'spe
cial attention is called to the condition of
the coal miners. Speeches were made on
the state of the different trades ana labor
organizations, various committees were ap
pointed and the convention took a recent.
Must Look Westward.
Baltimobk, Md., Dec. 10. Tho scvec
teenth annual session of the Maryland state
grange was begun today. Dr. Tfaou:a
Welsh of Annerundel county, treasurer of
the grange, read his report, which raid
that thoughtful men were convinced in
pplto of the farmers' lengues, the efforts or
farmers' clubs, farmer' alliances, etc. the
American farmer of today is a lost cause.
He said the shrinkage in tho value of farm
lands was from 25 to ,W per cent. The
greatest advantage of agriculturalists is iu
the far west. We see lands In our own
section valueless as a marketable com
modity. The farmers of the best counties
i? Maryland are not now looking for prof
its, but have been struggling for years to
make both ends meet and liyjng in hopes
that a better day may come.
Kgpf8 Cotton Yield.
Alexisdbu, Dec. 6. A report issued by
the cotton association of this city states
that tho cotton crop is in a favorable con
dition excent in Unrer Errnt
of Fayoum and one province in Lower
i-STPt where fogs and oald weather lava
J?e,dnhepiant' Tn(! timatel
at 8,250,(00 cantars, equal to 318.500,000.