FPBUBKEDBT
THE ALMANCK WU. CO. j
LINCOLN,
-NEBRASKA.
NEBRASKA NEWS.
RrportrVom State Institutions.
The monthly report of the warden of
the state penitentiary shows that on
the first of September 380 convicts
were confined in the prison. Daring
the month thirteen were received and
fourteen released. At this time 379
convicts are con fined in the peni tentiary.
The report of Superintendent Knapp
of the insane hospital, Lincoln, for the
month of September, shows that 339
patients were confined in the hospital
at the beginning of the month. Dur
ing the month twenty-two new patients
were admitted fourteen were discharged
and one died, leaving 346 patients in
the hospital.
The monthly report of W. 0. Henry,
commandant at the soldiers' and sail
ors Kome, shows that during the month
six applicants were admitted, ten dis
charged or dropped from the roll, and
one died. There are at present 81 in
mates in the home. The average cost
for the care of each per day during
September was C8.7 cent.
- Ninety-Two Years Old.
, Springfield special: The doors of
Cap. J. D. Spearman's spacious resi
dence swung open to a vast multitude
of friends and relatives last Saturday
afternoon and evening, the occasion
being the ninety-second birthday of
Mrs. Eunice Beers, mother of Mrs.
Spearman. This remarkable old lady,
whose life has been nothing less than a
romance from her early girlhood to the
present time, was born in Binghamp
ton, Broom county, New York, Octo
ber 5, 1798. She was a sister of Jebe
diah Smith, the first white man who
ever made the overland trip to Cali
fornia, which was made in 1825-26. He
-was the organizer of the American Fur
company, and with Smith, Jackson and
Snbllette established that concern and
pitched their tents on the present site
of the city of St. Louis. He was cap
tured by Indians in 1826 in southern
California, sent to San Diego, impris
oned for a time, but was finally released
.upon recommendations of American
sea captains, but was recaptured and
killed. She is a second cousin of ex
President Hayes and was a niece of
Oyrns Strong, the millionaire banker
of Bingham pton, N. Y., who died in
1808. She has survived two husbands
and is the mother of nine children, of
whom only three are living, a son and
two daughters. Sbe has eighteen
granlclii;dren and twenty-seven great
grandchildren. : She has a wide circle
of friends and relatives all over the
west. At present she is enjoying good
health. - -
A! Over the Start.
Anderson & Erickson, clothing mer
djants at Oaklard, have assigned.
The rac.upt.H of the Furnas county
fair were $759.50, which will put the
nicelv on its feet. .
The residence of S. G. Allen, near
.Milforo, was entirely destroyed by fire,
with its' contents, the flames originat
ing from a defective flue.
Bird Upton, the bigamist who was
arrested at Belvidere and taken to
Huron, S. D., for trial, has been sen
tenced to two years m the penitentiary.
Thayer county has 368,6-10 acres of
land, fully one-fourth of which is un
settled. The population of the county
is 15.CC0, with a real valuation of $12,
000,000. -
R. D. Riley, of Osceola, wasirjstant
ly killed by a kick from ono of his
horses which was being shod. The
debased was sixty-five years of age
,.uud leaves a large family.
For jumping on moving train the
c ity marshal of Edgar arrested two
b Hons of prominent citizens, and
complied them to work on the street
with the chain gang.
Bertie Robertson, an cighteen-year-j
old resident of Goodland, Kansas, has
been held in $1,000 bond at Beaver
City for ben rowing a horse from a man
near Oxford and then trading it off as
if.it were his own property.
Two men have been arrested at Ful
lorton who burglarized a store at Genoa.
The missing goods were found on them,
they gave their names as W. T. Ferrell
anel Joseph E. Dojel, and claim to hail
from Omaha.
Charles Lee, of Harbine, Jefferson
county is languish irjg in jail because
he stabbed Joseph Wildharber, the
nost master, with a table fork. Lee,
who wa a tenant of "Wildharber, was
about to be ejected when he made the
assault. ' -
John Hickey, an Ohiowa young man
who spent the season with Cole's cir
cus, starteel for home five weeks ago
from Topeka, Kan., with four span of
horses and $400 in cash. Since then
all trace of him has been lost and fears
are entertained that he has been foully
dealt with.
' The Alliance, the organ of the State
Farmers' alliance, published at Lin
coln, has been greatly improved eince
J. Burrows assumed editorial control.
it is bright both in looks and in thoughts
' and its editorials are strong and to the
point. Altogether it is a paper which
all progressive farmers ought to have
in the house. Omaha Bee.
The republican state convention at
Hastings nominated Hon. T. L. Norval
for judge of the supreme court on the
first ballot.
Cholera has the. hogs in Nemaha
county.
Creamery butter is a luxury in Sut
ton, retailing at 25 cents per pound.
Samuel Carpenter, of Syracuse, car
ried his gun by the muzzle while out
hunting and now has a hole in his
right hand.
Lewis Herbert, the new postmaster
at Scotia, has taken possession of the
Seven men, averaging six feet two
instlma in V.aiVf wATifclv fnnlr dinner
in a. Harrisbnrcr restaurant. It is need
less to say that they got what they
called for.
A minstrel troupe composed of local
stars will inflict Alma and neighboring
towns.
Bloomington is kicking on account
of the low prices paid by grain buyers
of the town.
Statistics place the Nebraska corn
crop at 75,000,000,'an average of thir
ty-eight bushels to the acre.
Delbert Warden, of Nelson, who was
kicked by a horse two weeks ago, died
from the effects Thursday. .
The mayor of Beatrice has ordered
fruit stands and similar places of busi
ness to close up on Sundays.
Two hundred dollars' worth of good
beer recently went to waste in West
Point bv the bursting of large brew
ery tub.
Frank Blighton, a fifteen-year-old
boy of Crete, ran away from home Sep
tember 25 and has not been heard of
since.
The hole in the ground at Hastings
is 800 feet deep and the odor of crude
petroleum has become so strong that
no one can be deceived by it.
Alma's new hotel will be opened No
vember 1 It will be finely furnished
throughout, about $4,000 worth of fur
niture having been ordered for the pur
pose. Grange organizations are being
formed by farmers in many localities
for the purpose of passing the long
winter evenings in discussing questions
of interest to tillers of the soil.
John Fenton, a young man living
near Wymore, was arrested Wednesday
on a warrant sworn out by Frances
Smith, who lives with her parents north
of Liberty. She loved not wisely.
Last week was a good week for In
dians in Dustin, eight teams being in
town one day, well loaded with wheat,
squaws and papooses. They do con
siderable farming and have just fin
ished threshing.
A young German of Nebraska City
had about an inch taken off his large
and well developed ears the other day.
He had to do it in order to gain the
hand of his fair Katrina. As soon as
the auricular appendages heal the wed
ding will take place.
Central City special : The old set
tlers' meeting here Thursday was favor
ed with fine weather and a large crowd.
Old settlers from all parts of the
country flocked in, and they all had a
good time. Ex-Governor Furnas enter
tained the crowd with a fane address,
Speeches were made by representatives
of all the townships. The meeting was
held on the new fair grounds, and at
noon the participants indulged in a
picnic dinner.
A peculiar accident is reported from
Phelps county. While Andrew Erick
son and West Johnson were loading
hay in a header box a whirlwind sud
denly lifted the box clear otf the wagon,
turning it upside down and dropping
it on Johnson's shoulder, breaking his
collar bone. '
Governor Thayer has revoked his
order establishing a quarantine against
the Kansas City stock yards.
The Beef Trade.
Tbc magnitude of the export trade in
beef is real4zd by very few. It has in
creased enormously of late, Dot only be
cause prices in this country have been
low and ic Et gland hteb, but slso because
new and greaily improved facilities for
trareportatlon across tbe ocean have been
provided. Io tbe three months of Jure,
July and August the xoorts cf Jive cattle
anel their value were as follow:
Number. Valne.
Jane 26.195 $i.fcMl6
July 29,883 s5.4M.618
August 1421 2,09,fc8O
Total.... 90,859 $7,3 K, 914
Averaging about 1,490 pounds each,
these cattle lepresent 127,253 GOO pounds
of beef, of which about 75,000,000 pounds
would bo available for food. But this is
by no means tt e who'e of the nation's
contribution to the wor'd'a supp'y of beef.
In the same months tbe exnorts cf fresh
beef slBUtrhtered were 40,441 57 pounds,
and the exports cf canned, salted orctbrr
cured beef amounted to 33 086,592
pounds. In all, tbo weight of bctf
shipped aboard, live, slaughtered and
packed, ' exceed 200 000,000 pound in
three months. Th's is not a very large
part of a nation's nq iirements. Perhaps
it might serve to supply the ordinary con
sumption for three months of 8 000 000
out cf 85,000,000 inhabitants f G'est
Britnin. But other supples of caHie in
lar?,o cumbers are received from the
continent; from all other countries about
74 COO head fcgainst 90, COO f'om this coun
try during seven months endirjg with July,
while the supply of slaughtered and
salted beef from other countries than tbe
United Stales are comparatively small.
The point to be observed is that this trade
is capable of almost indefinite expansion.
English prices are much higher than
Amencin, aDd cannot be Rreatly reduced
because of the cost and rantsl of lar.d.tbe
cost of food and the wages of Ubor. Tfcc
British farmer ge's very poor returns as
matters stands and with prices materially
reduced, would be obli;t d to go out of,
cattle ra'siog to a considerable extent, and
to utilize his land in other ways. That
has been the fate cf the cattle-raising bus
iness in Eastern States of this country,
and in some not long ago called Western.
The large supplies of fresh beef formerly
drawn from New York, Pennsylvania and
Ohio come to market no longer, but in
stead, tho supplies for Eislern cities and
for export are mainly drawn from far
Western Statep and Territories. Thi3 is
because, as the value of land riBes, it be
comes unorofltable to employ it in cattle
raising, especially in competition with the
beef shipped at the low rail rate prevail
log of late years from the far West. Ap
parently the British farmer must antici
pate a similar competition, and to a con
siderable extent must yield to transatlan
tic rivals the business of supplying to
John Bull the "roast beef of Old Eng.
land." Tribune.
The Deep Water Convention.
Ex-Governor Hubbard presided at
the last day's session of the convention
at Topeka. After prayer by the Rev.
Mr. Smith, of '-he Topeka Christian
church, the committee on resolutions
reported the following resolution :
Whereas, The general welfare of our
country, in so far aa it relates to navi
gable rivers, harbors and commerce, is
committed by the constitution of the
United States to the exclusive charge
of congress; and
Whereas, : Cheap transportation of
our commercial products constitutes
one of the most important elements of
the general welfare; and
Whereas, The congress has donated
to private corporations more than one
hundred millions of money and up
wards of two hundred millions of acres
of our national lands with which to
construct artificial, and therefore much
more expensive highways, owned by
private individuals, while they have
neglected to make adequate appropri
ation for even one feasible harbor on
tho northwest coast of the Gulf of
Mexico, which would not only afford
much cheaper . transporation, but
which, by our organic law, is under
the exclusive care and control of con
gress; and
Whereas, The vast and rapidly de
veloping area lying west of the Missis
sippi river, comprising more than
three-fourths of the national domain,
and yielding largely more than one
half of the agricultural, meat and
mineral products of the entire country,
is by this neglect forced to transport
its commerce across the continent ty
way of these artificial and expensive
highways, subject to such exactions of
private cupidity as amounts to a serious
burden, and sometimes to total inter
diction to both consumer and producer ;
and
Whereas, There can be no discrimi
nation in favor of private highways,
which, during the last year, cost the
commerce of the west an enormous loss
in transportation expense, estimated at
more than one hundred and twenty
Bullions of dollar, or upwards of ten
millions per month ; therefore
Kesolved, That in reaffirmance of the
action of the Denver convention, and
of the committees organized there
under, it is the sense of this convention
that it is the duty of congress to appro
priate permanently, and for immediate
use, whatever amount is necessary to
secure a deep water port on the north
west coast of the Gulf of Mexico, west
of the 93i degree west longitude, cap
able of admitting the largest vessels,
and at which the best and most acces
sible harbor can le secured and main
tained in the shortest possible time,
and at least cost, the time, place, and
cost to be ascertained from the board
of engineers, appointed under the act
of congress passed at it i last session.
.Resolved further, That this conven
tion, in behalf of the people it repre
sents, thanks the congress of the
United States for the prompt and satis
factory action heretofore taken in recog
nition of the request of the Denver
Deep Harbor convention.
Kesolved, That the thanks of this
convention are due to the permanent
committee appointed at the Denver
Deep Harbor convention, for their ef
ficient action in the past, and said com
mittee is hereby requested to continue
earnestly in the work so well begun,
and said committee is instructed to
present these resolutions to the presi
dent of the United States, with the re
quest that he in his annual message to
congress recommend such an appro
priation as may be reported necessary
to secure the permanent deep harbor
on the coast of Texas, which may be
recommended by the report of the
hoard of engineers.
Resolved, That those states and ter
ritories represented in this convention
and not represented on the permanent
committee, shall have the privilege of
reporting to the permanent committee
the names of such members of the
committee as they may be entitled to
under the basis of representation on
which that committee is constituted.
Watts, of Louisiana, introduced a
minority report, the main features of
which were the recommendation that
the convention favor three deep har
bors on the coast, one of which should
be on the coast of Louisiana.
After considerable-squabbling the
majority report was adopted and the
convention adjourned.
.A Salt Strike at Hastings.
Hastings special : The workmen on
the big well being sunk by the Hast
ings Prospecting company struck an
immense bed of salt at a depth of 950
feet below the surface. At 3 o'clock
Saturday afternoon the drill had pen
etrated forty feet through clear salt
with no signs of its ending. "The salt
is pure white, very fine and entirely
free from and foreign substance. Hast
ing people are feeling good over the
diseoverv.
Articles ef incorporation of the Nio
brara and Sioux Reservation railway
eompany were filed with the secretary
of state Monday. The road begins at a
point in township 27, range 5, Antelope
county, and thence passes through the
counties of Antelope and Knox to the
north boundary ,of Nebraska. The
capital stock is placed at $700,000.
The incorporators are F. P. Bonnell,
Charles H. Swigart, A. Beal, John M.
McElkinney and J. H. Kesterson.
THE MARKETS.
LINCOLN,
CATTLE Butchers' steers.. $2 00 a S CO
Cows 1 SO a 2 00
fiOGS Fat. ......... S 30 a 3 5
Stockcrs 3 (K) a 3 25
SHEEP 3 00 a 3 05
WHEAT No. 2 spring 6) a 65
0T3 No. 2 10 a 15
EYE No. 2 25 a 27
CORN No. 2 new 18 a 19
FLAXSEED. 1 (2 a 1 04
POTATOES " 18 a 20
APPLES per bbl 1 75 a 2 25
HAY Prairie, bulk 4 00 a 6 00
OMAHA,
CATTLE Prime steers. ".....13 50 a 4 40
Cows... 1 80 a 2 60
HOGS Fair to heavy... 3 90 a4(5
Mixed 3 90 a 4 00
CHICAGO,
CATTLE Choice. 3 50 a 4 5
Stackers and feeders...... 2 00 a 3 00
HOGS Packing 3 9 a 4 95
SHEEP Natives........ 3,50 a 5 00
WHEAT... 80J
tJUitiN . . . , oM
. ' , KANSAS CITY,
CATTLE Corn fed 2 93 a 4 35
Feeders.......'.. 16) a 3 15
HOGS Good to choice 3 80 a 4 15
Mixed 3 70 a 4 10
THE HOUSEHOLD.
Mat for ta Km:
Ink stains on silk or woolen fabrics
can be removed by saturating in
spirits of turpentine. ,
Chtcken broth is excellent food in
cases of dysentery or cholera mor
bus, especially if made of old fowls.
Molasses rubbed on grass stains
on white dresses will bring out the
stains when the clothing is washed.
When there is a doubt as to the
fastness ot the colors of new print or
gingham garments let them lie in
salt water an hour before washing.
Coughs may be much alleviated
and dry throat cured by glycerine
and lemon juice taken at night. The
glycerine should be diluted.
To prevent flies from spoiling gilt
frame3 and fittings, brush them with
camel's hair brush wet in water in
which onions have been boiled.
A few drops of ammonia in a cup of
warm rain water, carefully applied
with a wet sponge, will remove the
spots from paintings and chromos.
It is unfortunate to scorch linen
when ironing itj and fortunate that
the rays of the sun falling upon the
yellowed surface will bleach it.
White zepher articles, if but slight
ly soiled are readily cleansed by rub
bine: with dry flour and hanging out
of doors on a clear, breezy day. ,
To set delicate colors in embroid
ered handkerchiefs, soaked 10 min
utes previous to washing in a pail of
tepid water, in which a desert spoon
lul of turpentine has been well stirred.
Wash pantry shelves with lime
water made by pouring water on a
small piece of quick lime and allow
ing the sediment to settle. Lime and
water also make the best wash for
cellar walls.
Salt sprinkled on any substance
burning on the stove will stop the
smoke and smell. Salt thrown upon
coals blazing from the fat of broiling
chops or ham will cause the blaze to
subside. .
Little girls wear foulard dresses of
all colors. The skirt is trimmed
around the foot with tucks, the full
chemisette falls loose over the waist
band, and the sailor collar, open
shawl fashion, shows the neck very
prettily.
Graceful little English jackets, the
complement of simple walking
dresses, are made in most cases with
elegant fancy vests, though occa
sionally the bodies of the gown imi
tates a waistcoat underneath the
cutaway jacket.
A lotion for freckles may be made
of the following good and harmless
cosmetics: 1. Three grains of borax
and five drams of rose-water. 2. One
pint of orange flower water, one ounce
of glycerine, and one dram of borax.
Chili Sauce. -Twelve tomatoes,
peeled and chopped fine, six peppers,
one large onion, one cup of cider vine-
gar, three large spoonfuls of sugar,
one large spoonful of salt and one
tablespoonlul each of cinnamon,
cloves and all-spice.
A Lewiston, Me., paper says: "A
method of distinguishing the mush
room from the poisonous toadstool
is said to be by sprinkling salt on the
underside. If it turns black the
mushroom is good; if yellow, it is
poisonous. Time should be given the
salt to act."
A medical journal offers a brief rule
or two for a beneficial vacation: Keep
cool; don't fret your.nerves; strive to
keep your temper, and be deliberate.
Don't hurry. A vacation in the sum
mer is a good thing a very good
thing provided you go about it like
a sensible being.
A cool cellar does not mean a damp
collar. The cellar should be well aired
every day, and also given a good
white washing whenever it , is neces
sary to do so Every portion of the
cellar should be thoroughty cleaned,
and if it has a cement floor it should
even be well scrubbed.
Powdered borax mixed with a lit
tle Powdered sugar and scattered
about in spots will prove certain
death to cockroaches and to ants,
and if that is not handy a few drops
of spirits of turpentine sprinkled here
and there will be as effective in the
case of these nuisances as it is in the
case of moths.
Vanilla flavoring is apt to be de
stroyed to a1 great extent during
baking or boiling, and in flavoring a
cake it will be found a good plan to
postpone using the flavoring until
after baking. Tlien wet your clean
hand with the extract and rub it over
the ton of the still hot cake; the fla
vor will penetrate and be very deli
cate. ;
A New Bedford (Mass.) woman re
ports a new and, it is claimed, a suc
cessful cure for diphtheria. A little
nephew of hers was sick with the dis
ease and the child's mother was told
to give him a tea madefromthebark
of the root of white birch. She did
so and the white coating of the
throat and mouth began rapidly to
loosen and come off, an entire recov
ery following. The tea may be used
as a drink or a gargle, or held in tbe
mouth.
To keep ice in the sick room, cut a
pice of flannel about nine inches
square and secure it by ligature
about the mouth of an ordinary
tumbler, so as to leave the cup-shape
depression of flannel within tho tum
bler to about half its depth. In the
flannel cup so formed pieces of ice
may be preserved many hours, all
the longer if a piece of flannel from
four to five inches square be used as
a loose cover to the ice cup. , Cheap
flannel with comparatively open
meshes is preferable, as the water
esisily drains ' through it and the ice
la kept quite dry.
THE S013TU POLE. '
Wkat is Known About That M3torioui
and Fascinating Bsgioa.
Buminar Mountains Shut In by
Barriers of Ice Discoveries
by the Different Expe-
. ditions.
Three expeditions to the South Pole
aro under discussion, and have been
more or less determined upon. Eng
land has one under consideration, tbe
French scientists aro urging their gov
ernment to take up the matter, and
the Germans of Hamburg-, with Villard
as their AmeVicau agrent, have been
teriously contemplating sending
dotvn a body of explorers to the mys
terious regions of the Antarctic circle.
A general revival of interest in this
comparatively neglected portion of the
globe seenis to be promised, and the
time seems to bo at hand when the
existence of a great antarctic conti
nent, the magnetic conditions of the
south and the relative flatness of -the
earth at that point will ba definitely
settled.
It was supposed by the old geogra
phers that in order to balance the con
tinents of the north, the Southern or
Antarctic Ocean ought to have some
great continents likewise; and, for two
hundred years or so, occasional voy
ages were made in the hope of discov
ering some such stretches of dry land.
J uan Fernandez, more than 300 years
ago. reached a pleasant land which is
now supposed to have been New Zea
land, but then he was 3,000 miles dis
tant from the south pole. Twenty
years later a Dutch whaler was driven
by n storm so far as the high snowy
islands, now known sis the South Shet
lands, nearly due south of Cape Horn.
About tbo beginning of the following
century l)e Quiros, searching about for
the southern continent, lighted upon
Pitcairn's Island and the new Hebrides,
and many other islands continued to
be found in the vast southern sea by
the storm-driven mariners and hardy
explorers steering straight for some
thing new. It remained, however, for
Capt. Cook to first penetrate tho Ant
arctic circle, although all he did was
to sight the shore of Sandwich Land.
Great things had been expected from
this voyager, and tho report was so
disappointing that the geographers
thereupon removed from "their maps
the term of Terra Australia.
Navigators, however, continued still
to believe in the existence of this south
ern land, and in tho beginning of the
present century one of them discover
ed the South Orkneys. Then the gov
ernments of Europe and our own took a
bund in the matter and sent out expe
ditions of discovery. 'J he United States
expedition was placed in charge of
Lieut. Wilkes, his instructions being
to push as , far south as possible.
Altogether the fleet of exploration was
absent four years, during which much
ocean was explored for tho first time
and a number of small islands set down
on the charts. Wilkes claimed at first
to have discovered an antarctic conti
nent, but it was afterward found to be
Adele Land.
Then came the expeditions under
Sir James Ross, which left Enirland in
1839 and did not see it again until 1843.
After passing the Cape of Good Hope
lloss and his men remained for two
months on Kerguelen's Islaud discov
ered in 1772 then proceed to Tasmania
and then pushed on for tho south. He
first sighted large, compact icebergs in
latitude 63a, four degrees farther south
bringing him to the edge of tho pack,
a vast field of hummock ice extending
over an unknown number of miles.
Tho men were supplied with extra
warm clothing, and preparations were
made for dashing through the floe ice
and hammocks at points where the
more solid pack could be avoided.
Steering boldly but cautiously through
huge masses of ice, and experiencing
alternate fog apd sunshine, they at
length espied real land in the shape of
two magnificent ice-capped mountains,
each extending 7,000 feet in hight, with
glaciers filling in the intervening val
leys. -
On dry land near these mountains,
after many struggles, Sir James Ross
hoisted the Brittisb flag, and named the
place Victoria Land, being then about
1,300 miles from the South Pole and
1,800 due south of New Zealand. Further
inland other magnificent ice-covered
mountains could be seen, soaring to a
hight of 12,000 or 14,000 feet, thu3 far
exceeding anything known in the
Arctic regions. Still coasting , the
shore, Ross pushed farther south until
he had reached the 76th degree of
south latitude, the South Pole being
then about 1,000 miles distant. The
two loftiest mountains continued well
in sight all during this journey, and
were named after the ships Erebus and
Terror. Erebus was esteemed to be
12,000 feet high and was an active
volcano, while Terror was either ex
tinct or tempcrorarily quiet.
On one particular afternoon Mount
Erebus was observed to emit smoko
and flames in unusual quantities, pro
ducing a most grand spectacle. A
volume of dense smoke was projected
at each successive jet with great force
inaverticle column to a hight of be
tween 1.500 and 2,000 feet above the
mouth of the crater, when condensing
first at its upper part, it descended in
mist and snow and gradually disap
peared, to be succeeded by another
splendid exhibition of the same kind
in about half an hour afterward.
The results of all these expeditions
have now to be considered. What do
we know of the South Pole? In the
first place we know that nobody has
got within 700 or 800 miles of it Ross
touched tho seventy-eighth parallel of
latitude, and in all probability no
human being has ever made a nearer
approach to tho South Pole, but this is
less by 300 or 400 miles than the ap
proach which has been made to the
North Pole.
In the second place, the extent of a
possible Antarctic continent has
shrunk ,so by each succeeding ex
ploration that it is certain that even
does such a continent exist, it cannot
be more than 1,600 or 1,800 miles in
measurement either way.
In the third place these islands that
have been discovered are of compara
tively small extent, and there is little
doubt that tho great southern seas
which lie within the- trian?ulation of
Capo Horn, the Cape of Good Hope
and Tasmania extend unbroken by any
considerable archipelago cle ir up to
the 65th degree of south latitude.
This vast expanse of deep ocean offers
. a source of danger to the explorer
which is unknown in the high north
ern latitudes. Sweeping currents and
winds have to be borne that are of
a power by no means easy to cope
with. On one occasion when Ross
was becalmed for a few hours, the
dead set of the ocean waves drifted
the ships toward a range of huge ice
bergs, against which the sea broke
with appalling violence. 'Every oyo
was transflixed with the tremendous
spectacle, and destruction appeared in
evitable." The ships were thus driven
or. for eight hours until within half a
mile of the gigantic icebergs, when a
gentle air began to stir and the peril
was averted. . , ,
In the next place it has been dis
covered that the climate of the south
ern ocean is sometimes a peculiarly
disagreeable one. In the very middle
of the Antarctic summer there are
opposing" currents, thick fogs and
gales to bo encountered, and this In no
higher latitude 66.
In the next place the 'ice barrier
that seems to shut out exploration of
the polar lands is of a peculiarly for
bidding description. So far as it has
been skirted it is an inaccessible, un
broken wall of ice. ' That land does
exist within this cliff of frozen snow
there is also no doubt. The existence
of volcanic peaks and chains of moun
tains of enormous hight show this;
but so far as it has been seenfyhat land
is covered with snow at all seasons; no
human being has been met with be
yond 56 of latitude; no vegetable
growth, except lichens, has been seen
beyond 58 f and no land quadruped
is known to exist beyond 66 .
Lastly it has been found that between
the northern and southern lights there
are some striking points of difference
4 Al A. A J I AT A A"
uah. i. ujuu w pruve puierent magneuc
conditions. The electrical display at
both poles occurs simultaneously and
seems to correspond on an immense
scale with the discharges from the
positive and negative poles of a
battery.
Much more has been conjectured
concerning this. mysterious region,
but the above is a resume of all that is
actually known concerning it. San
Francisco Chronicle.
TWO NOTABLE APPLE TREES.
The Jo Gee of Wawayanda and the
Old Indian.
Among the ancient and famous
lac' marks of the Minisink country, in
New York are two giant applo trees,
believed to be over a century old, and
still erect and in good bearing, and
declared to be notable curiosities by
all pomologists who have seen them.
Both trees are undoubtedly seedlings
and chance growths, and tradition says
that both were found standing solitary
and in thrifty bearing in the wilder
ness by the first white settlers in their
respective localities, who came there
more than a hundred years ago.
Another striking peculiarity of these
trees is that they are perennial
bearers, and that the fruit produced
by each differs from the ether and is
peculiarly unlike any variety of apples
grown anywhere in the region.
The so-called Jo Gee apple tree
stands on an elevation in the town of
Wawayanda, Orange county, known as
Jo Gee Hill. The hill and the tree
take their name from that of the last
Indian of the Minisink tribe who
lingered there by the numerous graves
of his fathers, aud who eventually fol
lowed his nation westward just beforo
the Revolutionary war. The fruit of
the tree has a wild and delicious
flavor, which has won for it great
popularity, and pomologists have in
troduced it by grafts and cuttings into
many of the leading orchards of the
country.
The Old Indian applo treo, as it is
styled, which stands on the bank of
the Neversink River, in tho town of
Fallsburg, Sullivan county, is believed
to be the biggest and most productive
of it3 species anywhere in the state.
The round and regularly tapering trunk
measures at a foot from the pround
fourteen feet five and a half inches in
circumference, and at seven feet from
the ground cloven feet aud seven
inches. Tho topmost branches are
over fifty feet from the roots, and the
spread of the hoad is in full proportion
to the enormous size of the trunk. It
is positively stated that the old giant
has often yielded forty bushels of
apples as a crop, and that it his never
missed bearing for a single season.
Tradition says it was planted by tho
Indians years before the first settlement
of the town by the whites in 1787.
Pomologists say that it was probably
ch nice planted by tho dropping of a
seed by some white huntor or surveyor
who visited the region about the time
the first settlements were made there.
N. Y. Sun. .
WelI-rH Evangelist!!.
The pay evangelists receive is very
small when it is remembered how ex
hausting and responsible their work
is, says Ben Deering, of St. Louis. I
mean the ordinary evangelist the
man who is without a National repu
tation. . I have preached in a Missouri
town, for a week aud crowded tho
church four times a day, receiving only
$60 at the end of my work. Of course,
the evangelists whose fame is spread
over the whole country make more
money than this, but even their p iy is
nothing like what it is made by ex
travagant popular stories. Harrison,
the boy pi'eacher, is always in demand,
and charges $10 a d iy for his services,
whether he is engaged for a week or a
month. He is worth about $00, 000.
Moody makes no charge for his serv
ices, but he is paid much better than
Harrison. His two week's preaching
in St. Louis made him $1,000. Ho is
worth about $90,0(H. Sam Jones is
the best paid man of them all. but he
gives away so much money that he is
not wealthy. For nearly a month's
work in Kansas City he got $3,000 and
Sam Small got $1,000. St. Joe paid
Jones $1,500 for two weeks. I gave
him $1,000 for his week at Culver Park
camp-meeting this snmnier. He is
worth about $30,000, all of his money
being invested in Georaria property.
He maintains a camp-meeting taberna
cle near his home, where he holds a
two weeks' revival every year. He
pays all the expenses of the preachers
who come, and "tbey amount to a good
deal of money. He never makes a
fixed charge for his work. Sam Small
has come into great demand as a cam
paign Prohibition orator, and is now
stumping Dakota. He is being paid
$75 a day and his traveling expenses.
A Substitute.
A lady who is opposed to corporal
punishment visited a Boston school
where the rod was being applied. Be
fore going away she said a few words
to the offender, and asked him to come
and see her on a certain evening,
promising that her daughter should
sing and play to him. He said he
would come, and at the appointed time
a boy dressed in his best was ushered
into her parlor, and for an hour or
more his kind entertainers devoted
themselves to his enjoyment. After
ward the older lady took him one side
and began tospeak of the importance
of good behavior and obedience to
rules, when she was interrupted with:
"Oh, I ain't that fellar! He gin me ten
cents to cum instid er him." Texas
Siftings.
FOR THE FARMER.
' : Farm Kotei.
Early in the fall is the time to cou-
)le the sheep in tfrder to secure early
ambs. Use thoroughbred rnma.
Milk may be canned just as you
would can frnit. Bring the milk to
the boiling point and fill your jars to
the brmwith it, then shut air-tight.
This will keep any length of time,
and be just as good when opened as
when put op. t
The condition of wheat in Russia
is gloomy, and prices are advancing.
There is a general falling of in ex
ports, and it is unlikely if the Rus
sian output will have as mnch in
fluence upon the world's cereals dur
ing the coming year.
As a rule bogs in the past have bud
too large a per cent, of fat in propor
tion to the lean. This can bechang
ed to a considerable extent by feed
ing more muscle and bone forming
materials and less fattening foods
and especially so during growth.
There is no better time than now
to weed out the unprofitable stock.
If they have had the run of a good
pasture they are usually in a good
condition and can be marketed to a
good advantage much better than
later.
It may seem like a Hiberniclsm that
a good rake is the best hoe, it the
rake have long, sharp teeth and is
used before the weeds get too large
among cabbages, 'cauliflowers and
other plants that need frequent
working try the rake early; and oft
en. ' "
See that a good supply of bedding
is stored away ior use during the win
ter. It is quite an item in keeping
the stock comfortable, while proper
ly managed, it will , add materially
to the value of the manure heap und
the surest plan of having a supply is
to secure it in good season.
Wheat bran is one of the very best
materials during the winter. It riot
only increases the value of the differ
ent materials as food, but also addf
nearly its cost to the manure heap.
It can usually be purchased now ato
low price and it will be a good plar
to secure a good supply.
At tho Wisconsin dairymen's an
nual meeting, as reported in Hoard'?
Dairyman, Prof. Robertson Bid he
had proved there was nloss in churn
ing cream sweet rather than slightly
acidified. la 100 prtrfsof butter in
cream, 97 were obtained in acid cream
while but 77 parts were se
cured in sweet cream.
Care must be taken to cure the po
tatoes thoroughly before storing
away. If not thoroughly dry they
heat and rofc The' should be spread
out thin and placed where there is n
good circulation of air; If carefully
done they can be kept without any
trouble. ,
Should cheese puff up- during cur
ing, it shows that the gas is generat
ing too fast and the room has been
too warm. The cheese thus puffed
up should be removed to a cooler
nlace. and. as a last resorr. ahoidd
be pricked to allow the gas to escape.
A good cheese may be spoiled by not
receiving good attention while cur
ing. It is Said that J. N. Muncy, a well
known Iowa Holetein breeder, ha8
been experimenting with a view to
finding out the approximate cost of
a pound of milk and a pound of but
ter. The result with two cows (IIols
teins) were an average food costs of
38.2 cents per 100 pounds of milk
and a trifle over 8.3 cents per pound
of butter.
An exchange says Canada thistles
are easily exterminated bysprinkling
them with dry salt when . wet with
dew or rain; the finer the salt the less
it will take. The operation mar
have to bo repeated two or three
times, as some are always missed,
and young plants will start from the
roots. Large plants ore- more easily
killed than small onesv
Old bones, boots and shoes or old
pieces of leather contain a large per
cent, of plant food unl should be
gathered up and buried near the
roots of fruit trees. They will dis
solve slowly, but will furnish a sup
ply ot plant food for a long time, be
sides adding to theappearunceof the
place.
An old sow that has shown herself
a good mother should bo preferred
to one that is younger. The prac
tice fusing young sows is sure to
end in degeneracy of stock sooner or
later. To avoid liability from the
weight of old sows, which sometimes
crush their pigs, reduce them in flesh.
As a rule, most brood sows are too
fat, in which case pigs cora weak.
Clover, with bran slop at night, is
the best food for a brood sow in
summer.
Many farmers ure of the opinion
that old wheat is the best for seed.
In alluding to the matter, which is
just now a very timely topic lor dis
cussion, an Eastern writer thinks
there is no doubt that wheat seed re
tains its vitality under favorable
conditions many years, but the rea
son why a year's addition to the age
of wheat makes it better for seed is
undoubtedly its greater dryness and
hardness. This is especiallv true
after a damp Summer and harvest
like that just passed. If. now wheat'
must bo sown make it as dry as pos
sible. It may be even advisable, aft
er getting it dried out as much as
you can otherwise, to place it thinly
for a few hours in a kiln at a heat of
not more than 120. Tho mori
moisture that can be got out of tho
seed without injuring vitality, tho
more it will swell when placed in
moist? soil, and the growth will be all
the more vigorous.
