LaGrippe Caused
Heart Trouble,
Nervous Prostration
and Dyspepsia.
My Friends Know .Heart
Cure Cured Me.
Mrs. C. O. Hurd, 118 V. Third St, Musca
tine, la, is well known throughout her
section of Iowa as an ardent worker in the
M. E. Church. She says: "LaGrippe left me
with a severe case of nervous depression and
nervous dyspepsia, which Boon affected my
heart. I suffered from sleeplessness, head
ache, extreme nervousness and twitching: of
the muscles. The shjrhteit exertion would
cause shortness of breath, a numbness of my
body and hot flashes w.th pain. I will tell
you what I am constantly telling mv friends
that Dr. Miles' Heart Cure cured me so
that all these disagreeable symptoms left me.
I may ad i that for severe pain I have nevei
found anything to equal Dr. Miles' Anti-Pam
Pills and think the Nerve and Liver Pills are
a wonderful stomach remedy."
"Our son was stricken down with heart
trouble in his twentieth year. For two
months we got no sleep with him at night,
so we commenced to use Dr. Miles' Heart
Cure and Nervine with the Nerve and Liver
Pills and today he is sound and well. In
fact he passed a physical examination since
hi? sickness and is with the Army in the
Philippines. I desire to add that Dr. Miles'
Anti-Pain Pills have certainlv been a boon
to me. I am frequently troubled with sick
and nervous headaches and I have never
found anything" that would relieve me so
quickly and leave me feeling so well there
after." Mrs. Alice Moad, Buffalo, Mo.
All drug-jjisis sell and guarantee first bot
tle Dr. Miles' Remedies. Send for free book
on Nervous and Heart Disea es. Address
Dr. Miles Medical Co, Elkhart, lad-
Woman Suffrage
The Independent acknowledges re
ceipt lrorn Elnora Monroe Babcock,
hairman committee on press. Dun
kirk. N. Y.. a report of the recent in
ternational suffrage conference. It
follows:
At the meeting of the international
suffrage conference held in Washing
ton, V. S. A.. February 12-16. 1902. a
committee was appointed to draft
their declaration of principles. The
committee have just reported the fol
lowing principles:
1. That men and women are born
equally free and independent members
of the human race; equally endowed
with talents and intelligence, and
equally entitled to the free exercise of
these individual rights and liberty.
2. That the natural relation of the
nexes is that of inter-dependence and
co-operation, and that a repression of
the rights of one inevitably works in
jury to the other and to the whole
race.
3. That in all lands, those laws,
creeds, and customs which have tend
ed to restrict women to a position of
dependence: to discourage their men
tal training; to repress the develop
ment of their natural gifts, and to sub
ordinate their individuality, have been
based upon false theories, and have
produced an artificial and unjust rela
tion of the sexes, in modern society.
4. That self-gorernment in the
home and state should be the inalien
able right of every normal adult, and
in consequence no individual woman
an "owe obedience" to any individ
ual man. as prescribed by old marriage
forms, nor can women as a whole owe
obedience to men as a whole, as pre
scribed by modern governments.
5. That the refusal to recognize
women as individual members of so
ciety, entitled to the rights of self
trovernment. has resulted in social, le
gal and economic injustice to them,
and has intensified the existing econ-
I
!
BOOK
PERFECT
MANHOfin
-AND
HEALTH
This book gives valuable information
upon the
6ENII0-URINARY and CHRONIC
DISEASES OF MEN.
If you are interested in any of these sub
ject? ASK FOK IT. Free consultation.
Home Treatment.
! 11
I D. L. Ramsdefl, M. D., Specialist 1
1131 O Street. Lincoln, Neb.
FJ.llWiiliilLw wt M" '.ft in. '- ii i u m mi mTg
64c
"SPECIALS."
"Time is drawing near. We soon
must hike."
$1.00 Danderine (K. D. C.) 64c
11.00 Herpicide (Newbro's) 64c
?1.00 Cook's Dandruff Tonic 64c
$1.00 Kinney Hair Tonic 64c
$1.00 Peruna (Genuine) 64c
51.00 Dr. Mott's Nervine Pills 64c
$1.00 Dr. Mil:s Remedies 64c
$1.00 Dr. Mott's Pennyroyal Pills.. 64c
$1.00 Dr. Pierce's Remedies 64c
$1.00 Cupidine (Vitalizer) . . v 64c
$1.00 Hood's Sarsaparilla 64c
$1.00 Lyon's Periodical Drops 64c
$1.00 Paine's Celery Compound. . .64c
$1.00 Cramer's Kidney Cure 64c
$1.00 Wine of Cardui 64c
$1.00 "Temptation Tonic" ..64c
$1.00 Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets. . 64c
$1.00 Hem-Roids (Pile Cure) .64c
$L00 Pinkham Compound...,. 64c
$1.00 Beef, Wine and Iron 64c
$1.00 Kilmer's Swamp Root... 64c
$1.00 Oregon Kidney Tea 64c
$L00 Scott's Emulsion 64c
$1.00 Swift's specific S. S. S.)....64c
RIGG
0
cmic disturbances " throughout the
world.
6. That governments" which Impose
taxes and laws upon their women citi
zens wit-out giving them the right of
consent, or dissent, which Is granted
to men citizens, exercise a tyranny
inconsistent with just government.,
7. That the ballot is the only legal
and permanent means of defending the
rights to "life, liberty, and pursuit -of
happiness" pronounced inalienable by
the American Declaration of Indepen
dence, and accepted as inalienable by
all civilized nations; therefore, wom
en should be vested with all rights
and privileges of electors in a repre
sentative form of government. 1
8. That the rapidly developing in
telligence of women, resulting from
new educational opportunities, and
the important position in the economic
world into which women have been
forced by the commercial changes of
the last half century, call for the im
mediate consideration of this problem
by the nations of the world.
This is signed by Susan rB- An
thony, chairman, United States; Vida
Goldstein, secretary, Australia; Flor
ence renwick Miller, England; An
toinie Stolle, Germany; Emmy Evald,
Sweden; Caroline Hnidobro, Chili; Gu
drun Drewson, Norway; Rachel Fos
ter Avery. United States; Anna H.
Shaw, United States; Carrie Chapman
Catt, United States.
FELL SIXTY FEET
AND ESCAPED WITHOUT EVEN A
BROKEN BONE
For over sixty years Mrs. Winslow'a
Soothing Syrup has been used by
mothers for their children while teeth
ing. Are you disturbed at night and
broken of your rest by a sick child
Buffering and crying with pain of Cut
ting Teeth? If so send at once and
get a bottle of "Mrs. Wrinslow's Sooth
ing Syrup" for Children Teething. Jti
value is incalculable. It will relieve
the poor little sufferer immediately.
Depend upon it, mothers, there is no
mistake about it It cures diarrhoea,
regulates the stomach and bowels,
cures wind colic, softens the gums, re
duces inflammation, and gives tone
and energy to the whole system. "Mrs.
Winslow's Soothing Syrup" for chil
dren teething Is pleasant to the taste
and is the prescription of one of the
oldest and best female physicians and
nurses in the United States, and is for
sale by all druggists throughout tbe
worid. Price. 25 cents a bottle. Be
sure and ask for "Mrs. Winslow's
Soothing Syrup."
Disheartened
Editor Independent: It seems as
though those who once contended for
liberty and good government, and who
read and kept themselves informed,
have shut their eyes against light, lib
erty and civilization. All admit that
The Independent is a good paper, a
fearless exponent of the right prin
ciples of democracy. But they reason
after this fashion: We are overpow
ered; can't do anything; it's not worth
while; the chains of slavery are al
ready clanking on the streets of New
York, and instead of exclaiming with
Patrick Henry, "Give me liberty or
give me death," they say, "O, we can't
do anything; they've got the money."
Such indifference, such stupidity, is
certainly very strange. I wrish you
success. Down with the trusts. Down
with imperialism. Down with mullet
heads and all. W. S. GODWIN.
Hobson, W. Va.
DEAFNESS CANNOT BE CURED
by local applications as they cannot
reach the diseased portion of the ear.
There is only one way to cure deaf
ness, and that is by constitutional
remedies. Deafness is caused by an
inflamed condition of the mucous lin
ing of the Eustachian Tube. When
this tube is inflamed you have a rum
bling sound or imperfect hearing, and
when it is entirely closed, Deafness is
the result, and unless the inflammation
can be taken out and this tube restored
to its normal condition, heaTing will
be destroyed forever; nine cases out
of ten are caused by Catarrh, which
is nothing but an inflamed condition
of the mucous surfaces.
We will give One Hundred Dollars
lor any case of Deafness (caused by
catarrh) that cannot be cured by
Hall's Catarrh Cure. Send for cir
culars, free. F. J. CHENEY & Co.,
Toledo, O.
Sold by Druggists, 75c.
Hall's Family Pills are the best.
Hon. W. H. Thompson's Dates
Monday. October 13 Edgar, evening.
Tuesday. October 14-i-Hebron.
Wednesday, October 15 Beatrice, af
ternoon; Wymore. evening.
Thursday, October 16 Nebraska
City, evening.
Friday, October -17 Plattsmouth,
evening.
Saturday, October 18 Stromsburg,
afternoon; Osceola, evening.
Hon. J. C. Brennan will be with Mr.
Thompson at Beatrice, Wymore, and
Nebraska City.
Chilled a Trifle
A subscriber in Gage county returns
five campaign cards unused, with the
comment: "It somewhat chills our
ardor when we find that we nave spent
our time and money in electing a ma
jority of the supreme court who will
agree upon a decision that drives the
Bible out of the public schools."
The question is first whether It shall
be a protestant Bible, a Catholic Bible,
one with Joseph .Smith's additions, or
a Jewish Bible? It is really a difficult
question, but The Independent cannot
help thinking that the court's reason
ing is sound, and a correct interpreta
tion of the law. If the law is wrong,
it should be amended. With the great
number of churches in Nebraska, Sun
day schools and other organizations
to assist in Bible study, there surely is
no lack of opportunity to read the
Word.
For Sale
Registered and high grade Short
horn culls, registered Poland China
boars and gilts; Toulouse Geese.
F. ENGELHARD.
Rising City, Neb:
Cedar Bluffs
Charles Q. De France, fusion can
didate for state auditor, is billed to
speak at Cedar Bluffs, Saturday even-
John R?ers Tumbles from tb Hoof of a
Threo-Story Building to tbe Pftremtnt.
A Laddr Breaks Hli Fall.
While working on the roof of a
three-story building on Detroit street,
!' John Rogers, of No. 165 Alabama St.,
Cleveland, O., lost his balance and fell
sixty feet to the ground.
He was drawing up gravel and while
leaning over pulling on the guy rope,
it broke and he fell. About 36 feet
from the sidewalk he struck a ladder
which stood against the building. This
broke the force of his fall. But he fell
upon the pavement head foremost and
his fellow workmen picked him up un
conscious.
The ambulance was summoned and
he was taken to St. John's hospital
where it was fully ten hours before he
regained consciousness. No bones were
broken nor did he sustain any internal
injuries as was first feared. To a re
porter he said:
"I grew very nervous as a result of
my fall, and was fast running into ner
vous prostration. I was under a doc
tor's care, but did not get any real
benefit and I was becoming very much
discouraged.
"Then I began taking Dr. Williams'
Pink Pills for Pale People. I could
see a decided improvement in a short
time and by the time I had taken eight
boxes I was fully restored to health.
That was over a year ago and now I
am perfectly well and strong again
with nerves as sound as anybody's.
Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale Peo
ple cured me when doctors' medicines
failed."
The nervous system may be deranged
from any of a number of causes. A
physical shock, as was the case with
Mr. Rogers, or a mental shock may
bring it on. More common causes are
worry, over-work, excitement, lack of
rest and dissipation. Whatever the
exciting cause the results are largely
the same and the remedy that cured
the one will cure the other.
Dr. Williams' Pink Pills for Pale
People are sold by all dealers, or will
be sent postpaid on receipt of price,
fifty cents a box, or six boxes for two
dollars and fifty cents, by addressing
Dr. Williams Medicine Company,
Schenectady, N. Y.
A Good Idea
Down in York county they are hav
ing several different kinds of trouble
with the railroads. A number of years
ago several of the townships voted
bonds in aid of the K. C. & O. rail
road, with the express understanding
that it would be a competing road to
the C. B. & Q., or B. & M.. or what
ever they call it. Now the Q has
"benevolently assimilated" the K. C.
& O. and the York county people are
holding the sack. At one of the towns
the railroad refuses to permit a farm
ers elevator to get within throwing
distance of the track. This inspires
the fusion candidates for the legisla
ture to come out with the following
card:
Having been nominated as candi
dates for the legislature we tell you
that if elected we will work and vote
for a law that will give the farmers
the right to condemn land on the rail
road right-of-way on which to build
elevators, coal bins, and establish
stock yards.
D. S. ZIMMERMAN.
Candidate for Senator.
JOHN H. BREMER.
ODEN S. GILMORE,
Candidates for representative.
$6,000,000.00 IN FORGE
$10,000,000.00 BY THE CLOSE OF 1903
An.D $50,000,000 BY THE CLOSE
OF 1909 THIS IS THE PLAIN
PURPOSE OF
THE BANKERS RESERVE LIFE
Founded in Omaha. Officered by Ne
braskans. Of the West, for the
West and With the
West.
"When the year closes on the night
of December 31, 1903, this company
will have $10,000,000 at risk," said B.
H. Robison, the aggressive, energetic
president of Omaha's favorite life in
surance company, the prosperous
BANKERS' RESERVE LIFE ASSO
CIATION. "Furthermore," added Mr. Robison,
"we shall pass the $50,000,000 mark by
December 31, 1909.
"Do you know what a $50,000,000
life insurance company means to the
city of Omaha and the state of Ne
braska? "No? Well, it will be the biggest
institution in Omaha. It will employ
300 people. It will collect $1,500,000
a. year and carry in securities for the
protection of policy holders $5,000,000,
which sum will rapidly grow.
"It will expend in this community
far advertising, commissions, clerk
hire and other expenses, $250,000 an
nually, and will pay out in dividends
and benefits to policy holders at least
$250,000 more,
"It will be the greatest savings in
stitution in the west, and will be the
governor of the engine of Nebraska
commerce, steadying its movements
in panics and tiding us over financial
difficulties without impairing Its own
credit or endangering the interests of
its policy holders.
"Every business man and loyal citi
zen of Nebraska of insurable health
ought to be a partner in our enterprise
as a matter of personal interest. .
"I wish you would tell your readers
to investigate for themselves.
BANKERS' RESERVE LIFE,
THE BEE SPEAKS OUT
Characterize Present Kail road Assess
ment as "A Crime Agaiast tbe State"
Not a Party Issue
A number of conscientious populists
and democrats have honestly doubted
the iustiee of thek populist plank pledg
ing a raise of railroad assessment to
40 millions under present assessed val
uations of other property, being con
ix sed by the tax bureau articles which
appeared in such profusion until re
cently. The Omaha Bee of October 15,
1S02, contains an editorial which de
serves careful reading by every man
who has had any doubts in the mat-'
ter. The Independent and Bee do not
differ raa;trially in their deductions,
both agreeing that 26 millions is too
low, and that 40 millions is hone too
high. The Bee says:
The flagrant discrimination against
the great body of Nebraska taxpayers
in the pssessment of railroad property
is a crime agsinstthe state. The enor
mity of the crimecan scarcely be exag
gerated. While the burden of taxation
imposed upon the great body of tax
payers has been growing heavier from
year to year the taxes levied upon the
railroads of Nebraska have been low
ered from year to year.
Ten years ago the railroads of Ne
braska could not have been marketed
for $150,000,000, but they were assessed
for $29,339,631, or about one-fifth of
their actual value. With 240 miles
more railroads and with an increase of
more than .100 per cent in their mar
ket value, the railroads of Nebraska
were assessed this year for $26,598,592,
or nearly $3,000,000 less than their as
sessed value for the year 1892.
While railroad attorneys assert that
the railroads are paying their full
share of the taxes and the railroad tax
agents have issued fifty-two bulletins
"by autority of the railroads" in sup
port of that assertion, no representa
tive of the railroads has yet had the
hardihood to contend that the rail
roads were excessively overvalued by
the state board of 1892, which, meas
ured by the corporation standard, was
made up of "safe" men.
Computed at their true value either
on the basis of their capitalization or
on the basis of their net earnings, the
railroads of Nebraska represent fully
$320,000,000 of income-earning prop
erty which equalized at one-sixth
should by right be assessed for not
less than $53,000,000, or more than
double their present assessment. Tak
ing as the basis of their true valua
tion the net earnings of the various
railroads in Nebraska for the year 1901
as exhibited in the bulletins issued by
authority, of the railroads and official
reports of the various railroad com
panies capitalized at 4 per cent the
following result is obtained:
Capitalization on Net Earnings
Road. Miles. Total value.
Burlington ,..2,41G $123,476,050
Union Pacific . . .
F., E. & M. V...
St. J. & G. I
Missouri Pacific
C, St. P., M. &
O.
985
112.5
285
271
C, R. I. & P 245.5
K. C. & O
S. C. ON, & W. . ,
Pacific R.R. in Neb.
K. C. & N
C. & N. W
193.
130
71
20
27
120,180,800
27,333,370
10.271,825
9,226,975
8,004,000
5,559,216
4,215,506
1,557,920
1,125,000
399,980
366,475
Totals 5,704 $312,417,617
The figures for five of the minor
railroads quoted, viz:, the Chicago,
Rock Island & Pacific, Kansas City &
Omaha, Sioux City & Pacific Railroad
in Nebraska, the Kansas City & North-
era and tne .racinc itaiiroaa in Ne
braska, which reported no net earn
ings, are quoted simply as equal to
the par value of their bond issues.
Computed on the basis 01 the tace
value of the stock and bonds issued
bv the railroads operated in Nebras
ka the following result is obtained:
Capitalized on Bonds and Stocks
Road. Miles. Total value.
Burlington 2,416 $129,126,808
Union Pacific 947.5 101,067,930
F., E. & M. V
St J. & G. I
Missouri Pacific . . .
C, St P., M. & O...
C, R. I. & P
K. C. & O
S. C. ON. & W...
Paeific R.R. in Neb.
K. C. & N
& N. W
985
112.5
285
271
245.5
193.5
130
71
20
9.7
37,094,115
7,630,087
8,553,135
11,228,012
9,786,750
7,203,742
3,480,620
2,130,000
1,458,600
1,338,483
Totals 5.704 $320,098,282
In the above computation the Bur
lington stocks, which were converted
nto bonds at double their tace vaiue
or exchanged for casn at 200 cents on
the dollar, are reckoned at double their
face value.
This monstrous wrong of tax eva
sion has become intolerable. Tl peo
ple of Nebraska who have beet, com
pelled to bear the burdens of taxation
that have been shifted upon their
shoulders by the railroad corporations
must rise to the emergency. The an
neal made to the state board in their
behalf having gone unheeded and the
relief sought for at the hands of the
supreme court having been refused,
redress must be sought from the men
who are to fill tbe legislative and ex
ecutive brand of government for
the next two ..rs.
Tax reform has become a paramount
issue and equitable taxation has be
come an imperative necessity to save
this state from bankruptcy. This is
not a party issue. The people must
look to the candidates as well as the
pledges made for them by their .party
platforms. Candidates for the legisla
ture and candidates for state offices
who are charged with the execution of
the revenue laws are the men to
whom the people must look for relief.
The plutocratic dailies declare that
it is ridiculous for Bryan to suggest
that the president call an extra ses
sion of congress to consider the coal
strike because it would take so long
a time to get a law passed and made
effective, but they indorse with all
their hearts the proposal of the presi
dent to wait until a constitutional
amendment can be secured.
HEADACHE
25 De 2Sc J
At aO &ug stores.
Leg Newton
Mr. Lee Newton, fusion .candidate
for county commissioner, lives at Ben
net and has been a resident of this
county for more than twenty years.
He has been in the hardware and farm
implement business, has been asses
sor of Nemaha precinct and was post
master of Bennet for four years. He
served with credit to himself and to
the taxpayers for two years lis deputy
in the office of Treasurer McLaughlin
and contributed much to make the Mc
Laughlin administration the most business-like
the county ever had. Mr.
.Newton has been competent faithful
and popular in every line of public
duty he has undertaken. He has been
closely identified with the business and
industrial growth of the county and is
a public-spirited citizen.
The - board of commissioners should
be as nearly a non-partisan board of
business men as possible with the mi
nority party represented. The coun
ty interests should be looked after in
a business way with the single pur
pose of the public good. If there is an
office .in the county which should re
quire an all-round experienced busi
ness man it is that of county com
missioner: one who knows a business
proposition and not be so incompetent
or unobserving as to wait until con
tracts are made, warrants drawn and
signed and money paid before he
knows what has really happened. The
commissioners have almost unlimited
power; they pass upon the work of ev
ery officer of the county; they receive
reports, check over funds, vouchers
and records of the county treasurer,
and supervise the work of every other
officer in the county in a similar wa3
If the minority party is represented on
the board by a competent man the tax
payers will feel an assurance of a
business administration and all the
people will have representation and
fair treatment.
The present board is an expensive
luxury; the squabble goes on among
its members while the taxpayer looks
on in disgust with little or no hope
of relief; he pays in his road and
bridge taxes while the commissioners
waste the money and energies of the
county in injunctions and law suits.
If every member of the board had been
competent, attending to business and
known what a business proposition
was we would never have needed an in
junction, and the roads and bridges
of the county would now be in shape
for travel. This goes on while the
farmer is unable to get his produce
over the roads to market. Does the
citizen, business man. farmer and tax
payer desire this condition of affairs
to continue?
Hon. n. F. Harrington's Dates
Friday, October 17 Hastings.
Saturday, October 18 Kearney, af
ternoon; Minden. evening.
Monday, October 20 Holdrege, af
ternoon; McCook, evening.
Tuesday, October 21 Campbell.
Wednesday. October 22 Clay Center.
Thursday, October 23 Fairbury, ev
ening. Friday. October 24 Dewitt, after
noon; Lincoln, evening.
Saturday, October 25 Omaha.
Like Three Dimes
John H. Means, jr., Dorchester,
Mass., writing to the People's Press,
says that "anything smacking of su
perstition or humbug will always catch
a crowd. I wonder why some one
doesn't start the great and noble re
ligion of the worship of our Prehistoric-Ape-Ancestors,
which I am sure
would have such a following insida of
a year as to make Christian science
look like thirty cents."
READING THE BIBLE
Is
it Sectarian Instruction ? Supreme
Court Decision That is Causing
Mnch Comment
Considerable comment has been
aroused by the supreme court's deci
sion in the Freeman case, involving
Bible reading in the public schools.
The points involved are fairlj' stated
in the following, quoted from the Oma
ha World-Herald:
In state of Nebraska ex rel Daniel
Freeman vs. John Shreve et aL, three
points were presented to the supreme
court for determination. The con
stitution of Nebraska provides that
"No sectarian instruction shall be al
lowed in any school of institution sup
ported in whole or in part by the pub
lic funds set apart for educational
purposes." (Article 8, section 11, con
stitution.)
"All persons have an Indefeasible
right to worship Almighty God accord
ing to the dictates of their own con
science. No person shall be compelled
to attend, erect or support any place
of worship against his own consent,
and no preference shall be given by
law to any religious society, nor shall
any interference with the rights of
conscience be permitted." (Article
1, section 4, constitution of Nebraska.)
The first point was to the effect that
the reading of the King James version
of the Bible without comment, to
gether with the prayers offered in the
school, and the singing of the relig
ious hymns, constituted sectarian in
struction. The second point was that to, re
quire a teacher of the school to read
from the King James version of the
Bible, to offer up the prayers and to
sing the hymns complained of, estab
lished a religious test as a qualifica
tion for office.
The third point was that to compel
a taxpayer to contribute to the sup
port of the school was a violation of
the constitutional provision that "no
person should be compelled to attend,
erect or support any place of worship
against his consent"
The case came up from Gage county
under a petition for a writ of man
damus, filed by the state of Nebraska,
ex. rel. Daniel Freeman, to compel the
school board of school district No. 21
of Gage county to discontinue religious
and sectarian exercises in the public
school of the district, which said
school was attended by the children of
Daniel Freeman.
Judge Letton of the district court de
nied the writ 'x he case was taken by
error to the supreme court, and the
supreme court has allowed the writ
and reversed the decision of the lower
court The record shows that Mias
- -
In school district No. 21. testified as
follows:
Q- And you read tha.t hook aa a re
ligious exercise because you think it
is important for that purpose, don't
you?
A. I think it is.
Q. Yes, and yon read it because you
think it is the word of God?
A. Yes, sir; I do.
Q. And you select such partu to
read as you think proper, don't yoa?
A. Yes, sir; just as I think it would
be best for the pupils and myself.
Q. And whenever you see fit, to
read, you read?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. And you read whatever you see
fit to read?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Did you read from the New Tes
tament and the Old Testament berth?
A. Yes. sir.
Q. And why do you consider it nec
essary to offer a prayer?
A. I think we are taught to.
Q. Yes, you think It is done as an
act of worship, the whole thing?
A. We think It is, yes, sir.
Q. Intended to worship God?
A. Yes, sir.
It was contended by the respondents
that the Bible was read in the public
schools simply as a literary procluc
tion, and that the reading of the Bible
did not amount to sectarian instruc
tion, nor to an act of worship. The
plaintiff in error contended that tbe
reading of the King James version was
sectarian as to infidels and agnostics.
as to Catholic and to Jews. According
to the argument of plaintiff in error,
the reading of the New Testament
rt.s sacrilege as to Jews. The read
ing of the King James version without
comment was contrary to the doctrine
of the Catholics, since Catholics are
of the opinion that the Douay version
is the only correct version, and that
the Bible should not be read to chil
dren without proper explanation.
The decisions of many states were
cited by plaintiff in error upon ques
tions raised, one of the leading cases
being that of Minor vs. board of edu
cation, which was decided by the su
preme court of Ohio. In this case Judge
Alphonso Taft, the father of William
Taft, the present governor general of
the Philippines, rendered a dissent
ing opinion in the lower court, hold
ing that the Bible should not be read
in the public schools of Cincinnati.
The supreme court of Ohio overruled
the lower court, and adopted the opin
ion of JuZge Taft. This case is of
great interest Vfroni. the fact that
George Hoadley Stanley "Matthews and
several other of the leads of the bar
of Ohio took part in the argument
The opinion of the supreme court
of Ohio holding that the reading of the
Bible In the public schools was con
trary to the Ohio constitution has
been frequently quoted, both by courts
and in tbe general discussion growing
out of the 'issues Involved. It was
shown in the discussion of the Free
man case that a large number of the
protestant ministers were opposed to
the reading of the Bible in the public
schools.
The question of the influence of the
Bible was not at issue. The only
question was "whether under the con
stitution of Nebraska, the King James
version of the Bible could be read as
part of the openirig exercises of a
school, together with the prayers of
fered, and the hymns sung, which were
claimed to be sectarian.
Commissioner Ames wrote the opin
ion. Judge Holcomb ! concurred in a
separate opinion. Judge Sedgwick
concurred, stating, however, that his
conclusion was based tiolely on the
ground that the exercise complained of
was "sectarian instruction."
It is of interest to state that Mr.
Freeman is the first homesteader of
Nebraska. He had several children
attending the school. He objected to
the religious services.
The court says, among other things:
"Protestant sects who maintain as a
part of their ritual and discipline,
stated weekly meetings in which the
exercises consist largely of prayers
and songs, and the reading or repeti
tion of scriptural passages would, no
doubt, vehemently dissent from the
proposition that such exercises are
not devotional or not in an exalted de
gree worshipful, or not intended for
religious edification and instruction.
"That they possess all these fea
tures is a fact of such universal a.nd
familiar knowledge that the courts
will take judicial notice of it with
out formal proof.
''That such exercises are also sec
tarian in their character is not less
free from doubt For more than thTee
centuries it has been the boast and
exultation of the Protestants, and a
complaint and grievance of the Ro
man Catholics, that the various trans
lations of the Bible, especially of the
New Testament, into the vernacular
of different peoples, has leen the chief
controversial weapons of the former,
and the principal cause of the undo
ing of the latter. For the making of
such translations. Wydiffe, Luther.
Tyndale and others have been com
mended and glorified by one party and
denounced and anathematized by the
other. Books containing such trans
lations nave been committed to the
flames as heretical and thus trans
lators, printers, publishers and dis
tributors persecuted, imprisoned, tor
tured, and put to death for their par
ticipation in the translation.
"To some of these sects the reading
in public of any portion of any version
of the scriptures unaccompanied by
authoritative comment or explanation,
or the reading of it privately by per
sons not commissioned to do so by
the church, is objectionable and an
offense to their religious feelings; to
some the utterance of public prayer,
except recitations from scripture, is a
vain and wicked act; and to some, the
songs and hymns of praise in which
others engage are a stumbling block
and an offense.
"We do not think it wise or nec
sary to prolong a discussion of what
appears to us an almost self-evident
fact that exercises such as are com
plained of by the relator In this case,
both constitute religious worship and
are sectarian in their character with
in the meaning of the constitution.
"But if the system of compulsory
education be preserved in any relig
ious worship or sectarian instruction !
in the public schools is at the same;
time .permitted, parents will be com
pelled to expose their children to what
they deem spiritual contamination or i
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burden for the support of public edu
cation, provide the means from their
own pockets for the training of their
offspring elsewhere.
It might be ieasonably apprehend
ed that such a practice, besides being
unjust and oppressive to the persons
immediately concerned, would, bv its
tendency to the multiplication of par
ochial and sectarian schools, tend forc
ibly to the destruction of one of the
most important, if not indispensable.
foundation stones of our form of gov
ernment It will be an evil day when
anything happens to lower the public
scnooia m our popular esteem, or to
discourage attendance upon them by
children of any class.
It may be unnecessary to remark
that neither the writer nor the court
is intended to be committed to any
view of any of the matters of theo
logical or exegetical controversy
touched upon in the foregoing discus
sion. All that is intended to be said
is that such matters, being: the sub
jects of sectarian differences are ex
cluded by the express words of the con
stitution from being taught or in any
degree countenances in educational in
stitutions maintained to any extent by
the public funds.
"It is the function of the court to ex
pound, not religious creeds or writ
ings, but the constitution and laws of
the state. We are of the opinion that
the return does not state facts suffic
ient to constitute a defense to the
alternative writ, and it is recommend
ed that the judgment of the district
court is reversed and that a perempt
ory writ r.3 prayed issue from this
court to the respondents and their
successors in office."
The Lincoln Dally 8tar says:
Judge Silas A. Holcomb does not be
lieve that the Bible should be ruled
out of the public schools. On this
part of the opinion, written by Com
missioner J. H. Ames, he does not
agree. In concurring with the general
scope of the opinion he says:
"As to the views apparently enter
tained and held to in the opinion to
the effect that the exercises complained
of constitute thereby the school houise
a place of worship within the meaning
and contrary to the constitution where
in it is ordered 'no person shall le
compelled to worship against his con
sent' I do not agree. In my judg
ment such an Interpretation is not
justified by any sound rule of con
struction as to the provision quoted.
If the views therein expressed are
sound, then, it would seem, that it is
within the power of any taxpayer to
prevent religious exercises in any of
the penal.reformatory or eleemosynary
institutions in the state and to close
the door of the capitol to tbe chaplains
of both branches of the legislature."
Says Judge Cooley: "No principle of
constitutional law is violated when
thanksgiving or fast days are aj
pointed, when chaplains are designated
for the army and navy, when legisla
tive sessions are opened with prayer
or reading of the scripture, or when
religious teaching is encouraged by
the general exemption of the houses
of religious worship from taxation of
the support of the state government
"The provisions of the constitution
on the subject of sectarian instruction
in the public schools should be con
strued so as to give it the scope and
effect intended by its framers and the
people who adopted it This is accom
plished by firmly excluding therefrom
all form of instruction calculated to
confirm and establish in the minds of
the students those theological doc
trines and beliefs which are peculiar
to some only of the different religious
sects.
"Further than this we are not war
ranted in going."
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