Decern ber 14, 1899.
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THE ORIENTAL TRADE
tbaBarUalBf' Hlttery It batboaa
MM tMtrnttoa ry Fepl wh
fcT 8eard It.
When w gt at th bottom of th ar
gument of tha imperialinta we find that
Um wla object of th war in the Philip
pines ia to secure the Oriental trade.
They want a open door to China and
(he Philippine Inlands for a bae of op
erations. The great econmnU, Del Mar,
V.. inut rittn nn artiolfl that fifOC to
hnttnm of this auestion. H takes
aa eeonoraH to do it The very nature
. kia s.innr'A fuimftM him to make thor-
inventiuaiion. Thin
..i;.u i. ..,i.imn,1prl to the cnref ul
etudy of every man who eipwitw to whare
in the coming great battle for the prea
xantinn nf 4hit irnvrrnmt'nt. There are
VI V..V.' V. ....... n - - -
nouch jnaiputuuie mew in n 10 mnna
tha fratnewojk of a down HjHiBchert. Mr,
Del Mar Bays:
It in not doubted that the acquisition
of tbe Philippines would afford incieaned
faeilitiert for trading with the Orient
What U disputed ia that the Oriental
trad, that in to ny, any more of it thuri
eno be transacted, as now, at arm'
leagth, i deHirable. The Oriental trade
haa ruined or wUened every nation of
the west that Bueceeded iu acquiring it,
and it ruined , them for precisely the
name reasons in every case. JJi hind the
Oriental trade there lie conditions and
influence which the mere huckster and
paddlnr, however riidi he may bo, has
never perceived. Wht those conditions
and influences are it will our task to
mention. .
, if we are to believe the traditions of
ancients India was invaded and an Ori
enfeil' trade was established at one time
or another by IVrsia, liabylon, Egypt,
and the Greek states and eolonies. The
early chronology of these nationa tire so
evidently-anoiihronical that no -depend-anee
can be placed upon the dates- as
signed 1o Oienshid, N'uiuk. Sesostris,
liaechus, etc., all of whom are claimed to
have invaded iudiu. Archeology, and
ooira are our only safe guide to dates,
and there guides tench us that from the
moment when direct intercourse with
India was opened by hee slates from
that moment they all begmi to decay:
The date to which belonged the Indian
arlic'es or tokens found in the graves or
upon the" monuments of the ancient
Htates dates which have been titter
mird a proximately- whs in every wise
the date when those states lgnn to do
cay. This may be a tneie coincidence,
but if so it is a coincodence that ban oc
curred with reiunrkat-le regularity.
Outlining ourselves to strictly histori
cal times, Alexiinder, of Macedon, in
vaded India vnd entahlishep an Orient!
trade through Alexander n'bwut L". 0.
320. Wiluiu u ff w yssra after .bi event
hia smpire-went to piecea. In H. O. 512
' Sdencus Nicnnor, of Syria, invade.it In
dia and established an Oriental trade
through the Persian gulf. In It, C, Ti,
the tSi'lueciilan empire cime to an end.
In It. C. f8 Julius Cuer entered Egypt
and ropened the ancient canal which
united the Nile and the I!ed sea, thus
' establishing a short and direct water
route to India. One hundred and twen
. ty-llvn years later Pliny bequeathed to
jxisterity his lamentations concerning
the Oriental trade, which he complained
was draining Home of Hie precious met-
.1n nnrnlv In 41,1 T.T.I V t)l silks End tlr
in n.v . -' j I f J , , ,
fumea of the new ana ruinous luiurj
to which this trade had giveD rise. Hut,
in fact, there were other Oriental influ
ences than silks or perfumes, or even
the draining away of the precious met
als which were sapping tbe foundation
of Kome; influences wuicn may oiu nut
see, or else if ne did see, tie aia not aare
to mention them for fear of laese maje
ta and death.
In the sixth century of our era the
Norsemen established a republio in No
vogorod which, in a short time, became
so rich and powerful that its founders
were able to boast that but two things
could not be overthrown, namely, "God
and Norvognrod the great." In the cen
tury following they opened trade with
the Orient across the ateppesof Tartary.
When this object was accomplished it
was precisely these two things that were
overthrown the Norse conception of
God and the Norse republic. The Norse
man built the great cities or junn auu
Vinet, they established a gret fair at
W itthy where mynaiH 01 oriental coin
gathered by them in the eastern trade
have lately been found; their commerce
extended to Luneoburg, llardewic and
London; their ships monopolized the
navauation of Northern Europe;they es
tablished the 'llansa dong before the
Christian llansa of the thirteenth cen
tury; ttiey penetrated to Iceland and set
up a republic in the western ocean; they
ever reached America and established a
colony on its distant shores, from one of
whose member born -in America, was
descended the sculptor Thorvalsdeu.
ISut what became of all this enterprise,
daring, and struggle to plant the bai ncr
of liberty in the northern world? Sim
ply nothing. Charlumagne destroyed
their emporia; Julin, Vinet, fiardewic,
and Lunnewig were razed to the ground:
Norvogurod wasextinguished by IheTar-ta-r;
the llakic provinces were devasted
by the Knights of Saint Mary, and even
distant Iceland lost its liberty. In'i r
course with India had so disturbed
their religious convictions that no two
trilM S of Goths could be found to agree.
There was no national coherence and
the Gothic empire fell to rie no more.
The achievements of the Norsemen are
buried beneath the Teutonic legends;
their sagas (for example the Nieblungen
Lied) are tiirnnd to Germnn puens, ui.d
their runes degraded to serve the pur
poses of monkish forgery.
In the seventh century there arose a
great power in the we-t ' During the
course cif little more than a single life-
ti.,,, it ftrmrivfld Ilium of all its rii'hent
provinces and stretched it mighty arms
from Cordova and fcgvpi in mewesito
t'aubul in the east, h'rom this time to
1 10 tenth century was the acme of the
A niriinn Biiiiilr. 'I'Iihii the Moslems in
va led India and established a direct,
overland trade with that country, in
the tenth century both Cordova and
Etrypt seceded Jroru the CVhphute, and
the Arabian, one of the greaiest empires
of the world, rapidly ha-iierud to decay.
It was tile same with Venice and
Genoa, both of whom grasped a portion
ol the trade of the Orient in the thir
teenth century and bell into decay dur
ing the litteenth. not because they lost,
the trade for this they did not loose
until the sixteenth century but for
other reasons; reasons which we have
yet to mention. In the cour-e of little
more than a century after their decad
ence commenced, these once rich and
powerful states were almost forgotten.
Portuiral cornea next. In 1501 Ameri-
cus Vespucci, on bis outward voyage to
America, met aome of Cabral'n ships re
turning from India by the sea route
recently opened by Do Gama. By one
of tbasa ship he sent borne this famous
prepheny: "Now will the apices go from
Portugal to Italy and A'exaudria, instead
of from Alexandria to Portugal. So goes
tbe world." Yet this taade, which
promised ao much to Portugal, proved to
f.. t iiiitt .1
be the cause 01 ner ruin, in uuz sue
was obliged to sign the Methenuen
treaty which virtually made her a Brit
ish province. Her wealth, her fame,
her influence had irretrievably passed
iwar. In l&il she lost lirazil, a
nrovinae that is lore-r than the Uuited
States. During the present year she has
pawned her posesMons in South Arnca
to her British creditors. She is in the
bankruptcy court of nations, and may
soon cease to exist altogether.
What Portugal sought by an eastern
route, Spain sought by a western one.
For more than half a century alter the
discovery of America the Spaniards
eagerly sailed up every river , which
flowed into the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf,
of Mexico to find a WBy to the Orient.
In 1527 they established a.regular trade
between Acapulca and Manila. In 1X1
Phillip II had the isthmus of Panama
surveyed by Flemish engineers for a
canal wnich was to connect the Atlantic
and Pacific oeeans; but though tliis de
sign wus relinquished, the trade with the
Philippines was conducted with the
greatest energy. Both men, money nnd
ships were lavishly devoted to the con
quest of those islands which she whs at
last fain to sell for less than the antici
1 ated profits of a single year's trade.
For nearly three hundred years'the nr
tural energy of tbe Spanish race wu-.
dest toyed by two seuseleas pursuits.
These were the acquisition of gold and
silver iu America and the prosecution of
trade with the Orient. Sho haruow
been obiiged'to relinqui-h both.
In the sixteenth century the Nether
lands threw off the Spaiib-h yoke and
csiablL-died a republican government
The individual freedom and equality to
which this revolution gave rise so stim
ulated the energies of her people that
in a very brief timeaided by the tide
of precious metals from Ameiica and
the resulting rise of prices in Europe -Holland
grew to become one of its 'i i :h
est and mor-t powerful states. There
the security of properly was greatest,
the rat ol interest was the lowest, and
the advance of internal improvements
was the most rapid; so that Andrew
Yarranton and other English w ntns of
the period deemed it the highest service
that they could perform for their conn
try when they exhorted her to imitate
the policy and tread in the footsteps of
the brave Hollanders.
Not content with their own prosperi
ty, or pel hops driven to i ndervi.lup it
through the ambition or avii.iiy other
prirmijii rilb.eDs, Holland, in tue wn
teenth century, went into the Oriental
tiade. In the course of two or three
Pgenei-al io. - she was ruined, t iffy years
after the Dutch Ea-t India Company
was formed Brit ish jealousy organized
.in overwhelming fleet, and Van Tromp
was obliged to slrike his llag to Blake.
Then followed the civil war and other
misfortunes, until the strength of the
republic being entirely broken, she wel
comed u Freneh army in 179t and ac
cepted a French crown in lH-tC. Four
years later she becamo a provinca of the
French emnire. though ia 1813 aha re
gained her independence she lost Bel
gium in 1H.50; and today ane is a uuie
monarchy nomewhere in the north of
Europe, beretit of all importance in the
council of nations.
In arms, culture, wealth, and political
inffueuce the France of Louis XIV was
confessedly the principal state of Eu
rope. It was precisely at this juncture
thatregardless of the various sources
and circumstances out of which this
pre eminence bad originated Franee
ti;ned f"u her oroeuerous domestic in
dustries to take part in tbe luckless
strife for the Oriental trade. But the
Oriental is uot simply a trade, it means
wmvoss, navies, islands, colonies, way-
statious. Hanking countries, Dunor coun
trios, diplomacy, intrigue, social inter
course with Orientals, subjection to the
inrlueuce of Oriental thouuhtand indeed
munv other thinifs. France only dis-
coveied these requirements, obstacles,
and influences when it was too late
to provide for taem; that is to say,
alter Hhe nan iosi ner inuiau acquisi
lii.ns at Pondicherry and the command
of the Indian sea route at Abukir and
Tiaiaicar.
Is Frauce any longer the principal
siato iu Europe? Is she the second or
even the third or fourth of those resour
ces which render a slate powerful or
respected? There can be buc one an
swer to these questions and that, answer
is "no." ll i-t loo much to say that had
France preserved the armies and navies
which sue limt in an unavailing attempt
to securo the Indian trade she1 would
have retained to tnis day the proud po
sition which she attained .under the
U ramie Mouaich, but hich as itis, can
be n.) morn.
Ia-.i1. we come b) Great Britain. The
Bntish Est ind a Cnupauy wa first
chartered in lW)d, but its trade was of
bo importance until alter the Restora
tion and the Li ginlation of 18 Chirks
11., c.f. By this act, and in order to
render the pneniul trade prolkab e to
the men who procured its passage, the
Crown surrendered its control over the
mouetary system of England and relin
quished it. U) private individuals, practi
cally to the East India Couip.my t.nd ihe
bank which the u.embersof that company
creeled in London and falsely dubbed
with Uie n.itioual name. This sin n il
der by the crown was a surrender by toe
people, whose stile representative i.i
inspect of the coinage was and is still
the crown. Its general effect has been
to l educe the people to poverty. Down
U the" passage of this ill-faied uct com
mercial panics and widespread failures
were unknown, They have si'ice occur
red with a fnquency that has gindually
destroyed the yoemanry i.nd small fnrm
ers, so that now the population of ,Eug
h nd consists chiefly ot two classes; lirst,
a new un-tocracy, composed of courtiers,
rich merchants, and successful manufa
turers and second, a vast horde of indig
tut and degraded workingmeu. In ord
er to reiaiu India England has been
ob iged to make an enemy of every state
in Europe. She h:is wrested Gibndter
trom Spain, Malta and Corfu from Italy
and Greece, and Egypt froiuTurkey.
She h is had to dominate the coast of
Africa, drive the Boers from the cape,
build a trans-continental railway through
and fortify Canada, dominate Afghanis
tan, secure the, Pamirs, conquer Burma
and maintain vast fleets in all parts of
the world. But far more serious than
the exiingtion of her yoemaury. or the
expeDsa of her eolouie, ronqutal and
navies, u tha change which ttociai inter
course with India has wrought in tha re
liuious thought and tendency of CiDgland
herself. Little mora than a century has
passed since all England was in arms to
put down what it naa regarded as a
menace to tha Protestant religion. It
has no' longer any such feeling. It no
longer cares what churches are arectad,
what ceremonial is prescribed or what
rites are practiced. England has beeome
irreligious.
This attitude cornea aot from tolera
tion, but indifference. In England re
ligion is dead and the churches are de
serted. Neither the tambourines of the
Salvation Army nor tha protests of Mr.
Kinsett can revive the Christian faith.
Beligion is dead in England, and it will
die as completely in the United' States
from the moment that we permit our
selves to be seduced by the ill-omened
Oriental trade and are drawn within the
mysterious Influence of Oriental thought.
Wny? Because we shall then learn,
as England has a'ready learned, that the
Orient is the mother of religion, a moth
er that knows but too well how to itiflu
ence the superstition of her western
off-pring. Every British officer and
wJdier. every banker, every trader, who
goes to India or China as a christian re
turns an agnostic. Even our missionar
ies who go to convert ere themselves
converted, not indeed to Brahmanism or
Buddhism, but to agnosticism. The
Jesuit missionaries felt and confessed
this influence two centuries ago; the
j. rotossaot missionaries feel it, though
they may not confess it today. The in
fltienc, of tire Orient upon British relig
ious thought is so marked that it can lie
traced to all except the most remote
parts of the British b.l-s. Everywhere
we meet wi?,h Oriental societies, dissn'
ing books, and agnostic journals, 'With
few exceptions the entire metropolitan
press is agnostic. Tyndal, Spencer, and
Huxley are not exceptional examples of
agnos: icism. Like all leaders of thought
they are somewhat a bead of time; nev
ertheless ttiey are true prophets, they
voice the mental attitude of the masses,
and that voice' is against christiani'y.
Jni-n tlier quarter of a century the
churches which already are deserted,
will be replaced by lecture halls for
"e'hical" societies. The English ham
conqueied India by force of arms, whilst
Indi.i has conquered England with its
mysterious lore and its venerable forms
of thought. Theosophism is one phase
of this Oriental influence; spiritualism
i-j another; agnosticism, more widespread
than both the others combined, in a
third.
It is this intellectual influence of the
O'ient which has overcome and even
tua ly weakened and destroyed every na
tion that has approached her from the
west. They ail profited in trade; they
all were ruiued by losing their religious
ideals, and with this their moral code
and social bond. Greece, Rome, and
Aarbia alt lost their national reliionr. ,u
India: Great Britain is losing hers. Are
the United States, in the sordid pii'suit
of "trade," willing to run a similar risk?
One half of the eneriry and outlay nec-e.s-ary
to procure and command a modi
cum of trade with the Orient will com-
niand equal profit in trade with Mexiea
and South Amanea. uur career
na'ion has thas far bean euccrasful ani
enriching. Why venture upon a new
andxloubtful career, in which so maay
great Mates have either lost tbair polit-
cai power or aisc mcir m'igiuun ""
WHEN OTHERS FAIL CONSULT
lol
BfflCTlEsS
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