THE NEBRASKA INDEPENDENT. Aug. 24, 1899 'CONTROL OF TRUSTS. REMEDIES SUGGESTED FOR THE EVILS OF MONOPOLY. V,'' Flrat Destroy h Montr Trwa! Pb l!e Control of Transportation and 1 Municipal Ownership of Pnblle Utilities Where Expedient. ' Hon. Rudolph Kleberg of Texas writes about trusts In The Arena for August After discussing the causes which create and maintain trusts he ays: - ' Let us now consider their effect upon civilization. First of all we have the effects of the money trust, with Its growing teudeucy to contract tue vol ume of primary money and the conse quent fall of prices of all commodities; the burden of public and private debt increasing as product fall In price; the growing difficulty of the producer t either sell at remunerative prices or to earn money to pay Interest and taxes and buy necessaries, let alone paying past Indebtedness; a constantly rising monetary standard on the one side and a constantly falling market on the other; the enrichment of the money holding class and the Impover ishment of the producing class, and likewise the enrichment of the cred itor class and the Impoverishment of the debtor class; the paralysis of en terprise and labor; the pauperiza tion and industrial enslavement of the masses and the undue enrich ment of the classes; In a word, In dustrial stagnation. 1 Second, we en counter the effects of the transporta tion trusts, which are chiefly of the nature of discrimination building up certain enterprises, municipalities, communities, states and entire sec tions at the expense of others; ' the bane of the long and short haul, which builds up enterprise at the beginning and end of the long hnul and destroys It at all Intermediate points, and makes the transportation business profitable only, by placing the high rates on the short haul and so called local truffle. This accounts for the success of the great oil. coal and Iron trusts and smaller trusts of manufacturing and commercial enterprises. Then comes the secret of pooling of rates among a few great trunk lines to the detriment of weaker lines. Last, but not least, we find absolute dependence of the producer upon the railways to haul his freight at any price, no matter whether reasonable or unreasonable. Now we come to the manufacturing trusts, which, on account of low prices, press constantly upon the wages of the laborer, make him more and more de pendent upon bis employer, force hhu to cut the wages of his fellow laborer in spite of trades unions and labor fed erations, and which constantly add to the army of the unemployed. Thea there are the telegraph and telephone trusts, which coutrol the transmission of all Intelligence, charge high rates and Inveigh against improved anfi cheaper Inventions and methods In the service. There la no lack of commer cial trusts of all descriptions, from that which builds an armed steel cruis er down, to a match box combine -trusts which monopolize the whole field of Industrial enterprise and which produce and sell everything we use, cat, drink and wear at such prices as the particular enterprise will bear. It is contended by certain people that trusts have a tendency to cheapen and Improve commodities. This Is an egregious mistake. The tendency of monopoly was never to act upon mo tives of charity or benevolence, but wholly on selfish principle, and if some things are cheaper now than formerly It Is because they cannot bo sold for more. Neither Is ft true that the cost of production has been materially di minished. It Is true that some waste Is prevented In large establishments which necessarily takes place In smaller ones, yet the risks of capital have Increased and much waste occurs In the process of concentration, in the way of buying up old and dilapidated plants and preventing the establish ment of new ones. The depressing effect upon all agricultural products Is especially noticeable, and must con tinue, as labor Is deprived of steady employment and liberal wages, and as the smaller capitalist Is crowded to the wall by the larger one the trust Not only are the effects of the trusts felt Industrially, but politically as well. It can no longer be denied that they exert a powerful Influence upon all munici pal, state and , national legislation, as well as upon the machinery and ad ministration of the laws In the courts of the country. The popular charges that theBe great aggregations of cap ital sometimes warp the proceedings of legislative assemblies and the decisions of courts and even popular elections have ceased to be the baseless vapor Ingsof demagogues. It Is but too true that often they must be Justified. They have risen to the dignity of public dan ger signals, which every sincere re former will do well to heed in time. It Is perfectly evident that the pres ent process of concentration. If permit ted to continue, must eventuate In ei ther private or state socialism, either of which would lead to disaster. Pri vate socialism would so restrict pro duction as to compel the consumer to pay the highest price for commodities, with a constantly diminishing stock of means on bis part and make him ab solutely dependent on the whims and caprices of the monopolist whose In dustrlal slave be would thus become la the full sense of the word. State socialism, In Its radical sense, would possess Itself of all means of produc tion and distribution, and thus destroy all private property .and the Incentive to Individual exertion. It would tend to degrade the worker to the same level with the drone. Its attempt at equality would extinguish all higher endeavor and, after a few generations of failure, place society at the foot of the ladder of progress, to again begin Its toilsome ascent by the way of tho immutable laws of evolution. Thus we have a silent but certain, if not speedy, transformation of the entire Industrial system going on, which, while perfectly quiet In its operation, is nevertheless revolutionizing our in dustrial life, as well as our civic Insti tutions. What is the remedy? Penal repression? Noi This must fail In the future as It has in the past Not only have many states a penal statute against trusts, but there Is a federal law as well, and yet the trusts Increase rapidly every year. Free trade? Trusts thrive in free trade Eng land as well as they do In America. The true reformer must resort to means of relief which gS to the very core of the evil and which are remedial rather than penal or drastic In their nature. That government is forced to extend its activities In many direc tions, which, under the doctrine of lalssez falre, were believed to be en tirely . within the province of private effort can no longer be denied by all who place tho welfare pf the masses above the enrichment of the classes, and who would prevent the growth of the cormorant on the one hand and the proletariat on tho other. It must also bo borne In mind that the trusts are not tho only product of tho great so cial evolution that has been progress ing since the abolition of feudalism. The social mind and the social con science are the two powerful factors that the modern age of Industrialism has evolved and placed in opposition to commercialism. They are forces that must now be reckoned with in a proper solution of the great Indus trial problem. , Man has come to know society as a great living organism, . conscious to think and act through the social mind and conscience for the protection and welfare of its Individual members, with the Interests of the Individual and society reciprocal and Identical and harmonious. lie has come to know that the struggle for existence has thus reached Its secondary stage and, shorn of Its former brutal char acter, has assumed the more human and softening aspect of the conflict of mind over matter, of Justice over bruto force. Hut the question at last be comes a practical one, and resolves It self Into an Inquiry of fact rather than of doctrine. The two great cosmic forces which we placed at the founda tion of the manifestations of present Industrial conditions will contlnuo to alternate In application as they are set free to do so by economic forces, and there Is no danger that - their equi librium will be destroyed as long as they are thus liberated. If, under normal economic condi tions, government should either by con trol or ownership, do that which It can jwrform better and cheaper for society than can the Individual, then there is ! uo reason why It should not do so. But : government should never Interfere where public enterprise is not a public necessity, and does not concern the general welfare. Here the old rule of "so use thine own as not to injure thy neighbor" will always remain the cor rect doctrine and the one best calcu lated to develop the Individual as well as society. But the fact Is that gov ernment has gone too far In its re straint of the masses and its undue favoritism of the classes, Instead of standing for the protection of the masses against the onslaught of the classes under legal enactments and pri vate franchises and privileges. This Is not 'only so In the case of unequal tar iffs and taxes, but Is especially so in that legislation of this, country and Europe, within the past '25 years, which affects the monetary system of this couutry ns well as tbut of Europe. What Is wanted above everything else Is that government should so legislate as 'to offer an equal opportunity to every Individual to earn 'according to his capacity. This the trust will not permit him to do under present con ditions. If. however, the economic forces were set free which produce and maintain bimetallism, the money trust would cease to exist, Inasmuch as the standard of value would cease en hancing in value as commodities fall in value, but would attain an approxi mately stable value, and therefore In sure a . rising market and, finally. stability of prices both conditions fatal to the existence of the trust The Industrial trust can only thrive on a falling market and fails to pieces by the sharp attack of competition which a rising market Inevitably superin duces. This again would force money Into legitimate enterprise and also fur nish employment to labor and break up the present commercial congestion. Of course, the good effects of the Institu tion of bimetallism should be at once re-enforced by the thorough regulation of all transportation state and Inter state, by rail or water and should be brought under immediate and active public control. As long as the federal government cannot fix freight and pas senger rates, classify freights, compel Interstate connections and public ac counting of the transportation Hues, it were idle to talk about equal business opportunities or prosperity for our pro ducing masses. Add to this municipal control, or ownership where expedient, of waterworks, lighting plants, street railways, etc.. and let the general and the state governments fix the rates also of telegraph and telephone com panies, as well as curb and restrict the power and operation of .all corpora tions and encourage Individual enter prise, and, last but not least Impose' an effective Income tax, and you would have set to worn agencies which would not only remove the causes of the trusts, but the trusts themselves. Such remedies, might not prove en tirely adequate to establish Industrial freedom, but they would at least prove a long step In the right direction, and would naturally tend to a correct solu tion , of the great Industrial problem which, with the false Idea of Imperial ism, threatens to engulf this nation In endless confusion, If not permanent disaster. .. HONEST MONEY. WHY A STUDY OF "THE MONEY QUES TION" IS VITALLY IMPORTANT. ; The British Barons Hare Conquered Is With the Purse After FaillnK With the Sword Good Paper Mon ey Better Than Any Kind of Coin. During our war of the rebellion there were three kinds of war money which stood the shock of arms to the end. None of them were coin. Coin left the field within the first six months. The revolutionary government of the south issued the best paper possible for such a government. It was pre cisely as good as the Issuing poW"er no better, no . worse. It was a brave money far better than cowardly coin. It staid with the armies, and fought with them 10 the bitter end, and went down with them on the field of battle. That paper money of the south was rudely executed .and . edslly counter felted. This, ol course, made It prac tically Impossible to limit the volume In circulation; and an unlimited money is worthless money. Money is valuable in proportion to limitation. If It Is pos sible, the counterfeiters will Inflate the money to the point of worthlessness, as in the case of our continental currency and the French asslgnats. In the north there were two Borts of paper money. The first $60,000,000 was receivable In the revenues of the government the same as coin and legal tender for private debts., That money was preferred to coin during the war and as long as It circulated. Another class of paper money Issued during the war, known as greenbacks, was not re ceivable for duties on Imports nor for interest on the public debt It was like any other useful machine with a number of Important bolts left out It went below par as compared with coin or as compared with paper without these legal disabilities. v It sometimes went below 50 cents on the dollar, be cause of its legal disabilities and from no other cause. Yet such as it was, all the Shyloeks and the armies of the south were beaten by It at one and the same time. All agree that the green back saved the life of the nation. With gold only, (he armies would have been paralyzed, and anarchy would have prevailed. It would have been a con test of swords, after the manner of savages, with little union or adhesion on cither side. Money Is the Instrument of association. Without money there Is no cohesion, and disintegration must ensue. A perfect money will remain at its post In limes of danger. Intrinsic money will not do this. Thus far 1 have discussed the power of the purse when supporting the sword. But these two war powers may and do act separately. Among savages the sword power acts without the purse. In other cases the purse Is Been to act alone, with tremendous ef fect far exceeding In results the con quests of the sword. Let me illustrate: Suppose Great Britain should send an Ironclad to the coast of New Jersey and capture a bit of sandy beach on which to erect fortifications and over which to float the British flag. How our American blood (would boiL That bit of worthless sand would be re claimed If It cost the life of every able bodied man In America. But on the other hand, British landlords have sent that other war power, the purse, Into the very heart of this nation and have captured many thousands of acres of the best lands on the continent with out boiling our American blood to anyi alarming extent Why would Great Britain capture this country with the Bword? The answer is plain. That she might levy tribute on our people. Why do British landlords capture our lands with the purse? The answer is equally plain. That they may levy tribute on our people. v Let us examine a few facts as they exist today, black and portentlous, In this land of boasted freedom. One William Scully, a British landlord, has sent his purse to America, and has ac tually capturned some 00,000 acres of the richest land In the state of Illinois, and It Is said that the Americans citi zens living on those acres are com pelled to pay $00,000 per annum to that British landlord for the privilege of cultivating the American soli on which, they and their children were born. That Is a greater tribute than King George expected to exact by the sword In the days of 177G. That same landlord, William Scully of London, has captured several thousand acres in Marshall county, Kan., and other thousands of acres In other parts of that state. All this done by that war power known ns "the purse." It Ih done that Mr. Scully may levy trilni'e on our grandchildren, and that his grandchildren may levy tribute on our grandchildren, and so on down to the latest generation. What more could Mr. Scully do with the sword. If he had all the. armies of Europe at his back? In some parts of Colorado the people of that state are paying tribute to European landholders for every blade of grass cropped by their cows and other animals which are necessary for the support of their families. The public highways of a nation are said to be tho property of the people, Their ownership Is deemed so Impor tant that wars are often waged for their possession. The United States originally paid millions of dollars for the possession of that highway known as the Mississippi river. At a later date the country spent hundreds of millions of treasure, and poured out blood like water In order to retain that great public highway of travel and commerce. . I mention these facts to show the high estimate that is usually attached to the great public highways of the country. Yet strange as It may seem, we have In this country 180.000 miles of the most valuable and Indispensable highways known to man, which are bought and sold as commodities of commerce. The railroads of this coun try are bonded and stocked to an ag gregate of about 1 12,000,000.000. The j owner of that capitalization are called the owners of the yids. Tbey have entire conf roads and of the travel an7 flc of this great, country. The longest purse takes the pile (or controlling Interest in" It) and becomes master of the situation, "levying trib ute at will on all dur vast Industries." There Is ample evidence to prove that at this momen a controlling amount of the capitalization of our American railroads is held In the city of Lon don, and that the freights and fares paid by Americans are fixed by a British directory. Such a statement Is humiliating, but It Is, nevertheless, true. ; .' I have now shown the nature and power of moneys, both' for good and evlL The question next arises, How can we enjoy the good without suffer ing the evil? I, reply, We must na tionalize the money. We must, as much as possible, keep it In the hands of the people and under their control We must not permit its issue by in dividuals nor by corporations. The is suing of money by the government is a prerogative of sovereignty. The money must be maintained in ample, even and unfluctuating volume. To do this It must be free from a single com modity basis. It must . rest on the broad basis of government revenues and on all commodities. Its even dis tribution In society must be favored in every practical way. v This may be done" by the arrangement of taxation, so that the burdens will fall heaviest on those best able to pay, not on the poor nor on the products and creations of industry, but on the large Incomes, the large legacies and the large landed estates of the rich. ' ; All this can be done and through the finances, and it is much. But we must go further. We must free the lands of the country from capture by the purse of the monopolists.. The homes of our people and the heritages of our chil dren must not be exposed to the depre dations anc spoliations of the money power of the world. Land must not be treated as a common article of traffic in the world's commerce. We must move in the direction of that happy day when the poorest man will have and hold his small home free from the in vasions of the sheriff and the tax collector and when "occupation and use" will be recognized as necessary Ingredients In title to land. We must move in the direction of that Just and safe era of public repose when neither the lands of the country' nor the public highways nor any other ne cessity of society will be exposed to the conquests of either the sword or the purse. Both are fatally dangerous, the latter especially so, because of Its secrecy, power and merciless cruelty. It Is like the beast In the Apocalypse- It has the horns of a lamb, but the speech of a venom and Bavagery of the serpent. Thlst, then, is "the money question." It Is the blood or the bane, the life or the death, of civilization. There Is a power In money -also which no human agency can resist, merely through changes In its quan tity. Thqre is no engagement na tional or individual, which is unaf fected by it. The enterprises of com merce, the profits of trade, the con cerns of life, the wages of labor, the transactions of the highest and lowest amounts, tho payment of debts and taxes, are all affected by the quantity of money in circulation. There re sides In money the most enormous power known to man. It Is the tide in human affairs upon which all things must rise or fall. It Is as Irresistible as the wings and wheels of commerce on the high seas and the broad con tinents, more powerful than the thunder blasts of armadas that throb upon the ocean or the tread of con tinental armies, and this mighty force Is self acting In all the large and small transactions of men. This Is the-concurrent testimony of the ablest writers. Such a subject de serves attention., Nevertheless, to pre vent Its study, the "communism of capital" Is arrayed In solid phalanx. The Shylocks well know, if the peoplo come to understand Its Import and slm- Dlicltv. their trade, will suffer damage. The owners of gold will be shorn of their powers over nations and men. The great temple of Dlnna will bo shaken by the ground swell of rising humanity asserting Its rights, and her votaries will cry out In behalf of their vocation. They will mystify the sub ject with every art and device of satan and blacken the names of the people'a teachers with all the lies and epithets so familiar to them. Yet, in spite of their rage aud terror, "the money question" remains a leading factor in the problem of civilization, and It must br Jaken Into account by all peoples and nations engaged In solving that Important problem. John Davis. Herb George Wants to Know. The vacant lot owner, like the dog In the manger, refuses to build or Im prove, lie even refuses to sustain sidewalks or cut down the weeds on his vacant property. Query: Why should such people be permitted to ob struct society In this way? Wouldn't It be better to tax them out of exist ence or confiscate their unused land? We Invite . an - intelligent reply. George's Weekly. 03048 OUR .PIASUIX3 SULKY eMatllaMaaf We cballeam aa pknr tor owl work, light draft. aaar band I Ins, wa hats tbanta at iMtimonlali from faranra. Mai oa uiai. aaa. lafaetloa suarao. Head for bis tn catalog and prtem ea bauifa.karMM, wins maohlBao. a MA ether thlaaa, a llrarad. AddraM. Maps n FlewCe. Hoiia. Alan, III, a e Data mum aOai When answering advertise ments mention Independent. SU. M aw . sis., t la. ! 9 Pmwj A BRIDGE FELL WITH CATTLE. Forty Steers Are Killed by the Collapse of Structure at Elgin, Kan. Elois, Kan., Aug. 18. The bridge over the Big Caney river gave way while it was being crossed by a herd of Texas steers at 4 o'clock yes terday afternooa. " The cattle foil about fifty feet. Forty head were killed and crippled One horse was killed and two men hurt The cattle belonged to John Blocker of Texas. AN OMAHA FUR ROBBERY. TbouVania of Dollars' Worth of Wo men's Garments Stolen Omaha, Neb. Aug. 16. Between' $S,000 and $13,000 worth of fur goods have been stolen from the ' vaults of Gustave Shukert, a fur dealer. The furs were the property of women who had left them there tor summer stor age, and for this reason it is difficult to estimate, accurately the value of the garments. . Fighting- the Boycott. Cleveland, Ohio, Aug. 16. The business men's anti-boycott commit tee, which was appointed as a result of the meeting held the other, day, met yesterday and decided to hire de tectives and lawyers . to proseaute merchants and others who violate the civil rights law in compliance with the demands of the boy cotters. Value of Records to Cow Keepers. There can be no effective economy in dairy management, even in the man agement of the few milk cows of the larmer who keeps them only for his own dairy supplies, if the cost of keep ing and the value of the product of each cow are not noted Very often only the total cost and product of the herd are noted, and as a result of this neglect of detail individual cows that do not pay the expense of their keeping are retained in the herd, taking just so much every day from the net In come of the owner. It would not be much trouble to investigate the cows individually and cut out of the herd all that are unprofitable and a burden upon the business. Ex. Removing the Calf. Many dairy men take the calf from the cow imme diately after birth, avoiding the trouble there will be In separating them if It Is not done until the calf Iihs sucked several days. Those who postpone the separation two or three days do so because the cow is more quiet and contented, an important mat ter during her, feverish condition. It is easy to teach the calf to drink in either case, f Whole milk should , be givenilor eight or ten days, and after that some skimmilk , should be sub stituted, diminishing the proportion of whole milk each day until it finally ceases to form any part of the ration. The skimmilk must always be perfect ly sweet and lukewarm, and only so much given at each feeding as the calf wfll entirely clean up. It will do quite as well on this diet as If allowed to suck. Ex. . ' . ' - ... Lice. , From Formers' Review: Any one glancing over poultry literature, whether in books or in papers, is apt to think that "lice" Is a staple product with poultry-raisers, or else it is the old stand-by when items are scarce; but the ones who have made a suc cess with poultry know the bane of poultry is lice, that lice is the rock on which so many ventures in poultry come to grief. The two kinds that cause the most trouble are the large gray body or head lice, and the little red mites; the former live on the hen or chick all the time, the mites sleep In the houses and on the roosts in the day time, and at night swarm over the victims; the former kill the most little chicks, but I think the latter are worse on grown chicks. ( One must get rid of the large ones by applying remedies directly on the chicks, and hi the dust bath. Fresh Insect powder, cedar tea, grease, are all sure death to them; but grease must be used sparingly on young chicks. A drop of coal oil to the spoonful of grease Is good to use. Coal oil, cedar oil or tea, or fresh insect powder may be sprinkM in the dust ing place, with good results; or In dry times flour of sulphur is beneficial. There are many good powders to use, all have proved effective with us, if you can get fresh. For the mites, cleanliness is the prime necessity. Clean out all droppings, kerosene (coal oil) the roosts so that every crevice Is reached with the oil. Whitewash the walls with good lime wash,and to each three gallons add a half-pint of carbolic acid or a pint of coal oil. This Is more effective if made thin and put on with a spray pump, but with care one can put It on .with a broom or brush. Do not be particular about dropping lime on the floor; the more the better for the hens, the worse for (he lice. If your house can. be closed tight (which it should be), place a kettle or pot of live coals In the house, throw on sulphur or brimstone, run out and close the house tight. Let burn until 4 or 6 o'clock," watching It enough to see that It Is doing good work; then open up all doors and windows, re move the kettle, and if any mites or lice remain after this siege (if well done) they are tough customers. Re peat this renovating every two weeks until cold weather. Pasteurized milk or cream ! that which has been heated to a tempera ture (about 155 degrees F.) which does not kill all the bacteria, hut only those which are in a vegetating condttloa and ready to begin their activity at once. TtamMiM. U sunt drain to young turkeys even up to t mo. On of age. T. A. CAROTHERS E Delivered ts part el v. the City. TELEPHONE 4 ft DR. M. B.KETCHUM. SPECIALIST. EYE, EAR. NOSE, THROAT, CATARRH. Spectacles Fitted Accurately. , All rees Reasonable fflce 226 S, 10th St.. Lincoln . Nepr.I BEE KEEPER'S SUPPLIES. We want every bee keeps , to send for onr ! Catty loans. TRESTEK lA 10. ioa a 11th St., Lincoln, Neb. DR. O.C. REYNOLDS, SURGEON. -"rMI'llicoln.llltli .... -i Headaaarters for Good lumber at low prices. LUMBER CO; 7th & O St, LIOCOLN, NEB. A chance ; to save - 1 some money ' t . by dropping me a postal card, asking tor Catalogue and Prices. Good standard new Organ $45 and up. . ARTHUR BETZ. 212 So. Hill Si Lincoln, Nebraska. Annual Encampment G. A. E t. at Philadelphia Low Rates . Stop-Overs. Here ia a popular excursion for you by the Northwestern Line. Prettj nearly everything you want e granted. For the round trip eame route going and returning, continuons passage, 52.85; going and returning same route with one stop-over in each direction east of Buffalo, Niagara Falls or Pittsburg, f 34.05; going one way and returning another, with one stop-over as above, 136.05. Tickets will be sold September 1,2, and 3. Extreme limit September 30. For other information plpase call at city ticket office, 117 So. 10th St, Lincoln, Neb. Cryptic Masons at Pike's Peak. Oa the occasion of the above- meeting, Aug. 7 to 12. the Denver & Rio Granta railroad will make a rate of one fare f J!V the round trip from Denver, Colorado Springs, and Pueblo to all points In Colorado and to Salt Lake City. This will be an excellent opportunity for an onting in the Rockies. For particulars call on agents or write S. K. Hooper, 0. P, & T. A., Denver, Colo. , ' Heme for Thousands. If yon are looking for a new home, yon cannot do better than to Investi gate the advantages ' to settlers in tho new state of Utah. No climate in the world is more even tempered and no country offers greater natural resources. There is much land to be had cheap. Take advantage of the half rate in effect on the first and third Tuesday of each month to go to Utah to look over the field fof yourself, fee that your tickets read via the Rio Grande Western Ry., which will carry yon through the center and most favored part of the state. For copy of "Pointer to Prosperity" write to Geo. W. Deigtt, Salt Lake City. t f Honey to Lend On cattle, boms, corn, at low rate of interest. M. H. Christy 1127 0 street. . wi tcu outer n tri 9uma. t UMW n tmrt rw. saraaiitMh MOO other artu W rlta row ana at XIV, taf with HAPbol flMVf cm., tut Saa. Oslr flew hcterr la Ik. Valtt Slaw. Jliuj Alto., HI, imttofaraat, ITiHa-rs. - nr SiTV'ws, f C- aaa