January 27, 1898
THE NERBASKA INDEPENDENT
It again crops out a few miles from the
Dan 01 tho main river, and at Fifteen
Mile creek and at the bead of the
Thronday there are also outcropping of
ooal. On the upper branches of tbe
Stuart ooal it said to occur in the
drift, and again about nix mile above
the Five Fingers coal crops out on tbe
bank of the Yukon river. In fact, thero
li any amount of ooal in the country
with which to work our precious min
eral when we obtain the necessary fa
duties. Character of the Country.
Regarding tho surfaco of tbo country
nd the diiliculties of prospecting be
ays:
Passing down the river in a boat one
floe a succession of trees, 10, 19, 14 and
16 inobos in diameter, and he naturally
oincs to the conclusion that it is a well
timbered country, and so it is along
the margin of the river. Hut letbim
disembark and go inland and bo will
find the ground covered with what art
locally known as "nlggerhcads, " which
consist of columns of decayed coarse
grass po(!uliar to this region. Tbey are
formed by tbo annual growths of grasses
decaying and falling down, while year
after years the roots of tbo growing
grasses bind this together into an al
most solid column, which stands upon
a bed of mud. To walk across a nigger
bead swamp is one of the most fatiguing
exercises one can tako. Yon cannot
walk on them yon must walk between
them. Tut your foot on top of one of
thorn it swuys under yon, and down
yon go to your knees In tbo mud be
tween them, Tbo result is that tho
miners and other residents of that conn
try keep as fur away from the nigger
bead swamp as tbey conveniently can,
avoiding it as they would tho plague,
For the rest of the country, tho sur
face is covered by from ono foot to two
of moss and underneath tbo everlasting
frost. On this a scrubby growth of trees
Is found extending tip the mountain
ides to an altitude of from 1,000 to
1,600 feet above tbo river. It is this
which appears to those passing down
the river in boats to be a continuation
of tho good timber seen along tho banks.
Timber that is lit for anything is scarce,
and wo should husband it carefully, A
great deal of our timber has already
gone down the river. It was onr timber
that built Circle City. Our timber has
indeed served all tho purposes of tbo up
per Yukon country. A largo amount of
timber is required for tho development
of our own resources on tho upper river,
and our government should at once tuko
steps to protect it for our own nso and
benefit.
theAt t iTJrlt
where clothed with a growth of lichen
on which tbo caribou feeds. Thero is no
timber in tbo way hero, no moss and no
brush. Tbo miners consequently keep
as much as possiblo to tho top of the
ridge,
Kadroek I'nMpMitJng.
Eedrock prospecting necessarily has
to bo reserved for the winter. First tho
moss has to bo cleared away, and then '
the muck or decayed vegetable mold'
bas to bo picked away fur a depth of
two or three feet. After two or three
feet in depth bas been picked out a fire
is luilt in this "bole," as it is termed,
in tho evening. In tho morning the
ground which bas been thawed by tbo
fire is shoveled out, and in the after
norm wood for another Are is procured,
iu the evening another lire is built, tho
urotiml (hawed by this is shoveled out
Out following morning, and so on until
b ilrnek i reached.
H, 10 and 12 feet of tho surfaco
11 ! cuyed vegetable mutter and allu
vi.il (li jiiinit of wind iu the clay, termed
ii,v 1 iii! miners "muck." As soon as
jt.ivi 1 ix Mruck prospecting is corn
mi'iM -d that is, a pun or two of the
ilirt in wiinhe.d'to determine whether it
is worth "keeping" or not, as tho ref
une u thrown on one aido of the bolo
and tli' pay dirt on tho other. Near to
and on bedrock the pay is found, which
is generally not more than two or three
feet deep.
All the way through tho so called
muck we find tree lying In every direc
tion. Those trees are of tho saiuo kinds
of wood aud pn-scnt the same apiiear
auces of growth as those today growing
on tho surface. In order to determine
approximately the age of the puy dirt I
have made a upetiiil study of features in
this connection, but did not obtain
sufficient data, nor was I thero long
enough to do so, I know that trees are
now growing on the surface from 100
to 150 years of age, tho roots of these
vory often engirdling trees fully as old
of tho same kind lying immediately
Initio ih tliem. Jh math them again are
other trees, and so 011 down to a depth
often of 13 or J I feet.
From tlds wo mut iufer that the
gold deposit, or pny dirt, was made
thousands of years ago, yet in it we And
tbo bones of animals whiuh are still
quite common iu Ui dUtrlel and of
others which are found farther to tho
south. 1 have iu my poMoanioti two
horns of th bUm, or so nulled buiTalu,
wbli h a few years ago roamed the prat'
rius ti tho south and mm! of this iu tout
herds. Thei were, when I got them, tit
a U tter slate of prt'M'rvatlon than simi
lar boms which one would pick up In
Journey from, My, t'algary to M Iol,
tr any other part of our prairie reloU
Whi h th buffalo trtUi Ultil 1 have
lUi part of Iha horn of a imam and rt
f ilia In ad of atl lk, showing Iba brain
isvlty, whit U Is as Wit a and well dw
tb'p as that i f any i lk wbli h might
te f mild lbr llay. 1 have elt t
lf What I Wdlee ti m tha lit k Vrila.
Iran i f lh I l n. Along with thee ar
found Ilia l llii.f th iuathn, Mvvial
of w huh wire 1 1 ked up i4t tba vlaltus
i4 lloiunsa and H iMadii a. w lud r.
In im 1 1 lhi tlalms a pinw of n tilt
was found In tha v sirvak. M wMi h
Mua of lha fhsH (Uli mil a lhirl
ituiul ll awaf, howeier, sliicl ut
aimliatly i u tur to h and lbs
kit, 1'ttlf fi- i f rib as Hot iie.ia ibaa
lwo Im'his In length, aud frmn U also
tfjp reMy b Iiiik4 la one f the
iu!l.( animals, imk as tba inouMaiit
Uituofgwak I tM aot U bear wf
I an; evidence of the exlstenoe of man at
1 any doptn in those creeM.
Manna of Getting Oat tba Mrt,
Now, a few words on tbo tnannor of
gotting out the dirt in this region. As
toon as tho ground is frozen sufficiently
to enable us to prosecute our work with
out interference from water wo sink a
bole to bedrock, as I have before de
scribed. Hie time this tukos is measured
by tho depth of tho hole, one foot per
day being counted fair work. Should
we reach bedrock without finding pros
pects another bole bas to be sunk iu the
sumo way. and this process continued
until the pay Is struck.
Ono claim bolder may locato pay at
tbo very first bolo. The man adjoining
may have to sink many, I know of ono
Instance in which 1 1 boles were sunk
across tho valley without anything be
ing struck in any of them. In fact, the
valley was almost crosscut, as it is
termed, yet a miner in tbo vicinity paid
this unfortunate man 93,600 for a half
Interest in bis claim, being well aware
of the fact that 11 boles bad been put
down and nothing found. This, I think,
gives one an idea of the confidouoo the
miners have in the ground on those
creeks.
Now, suppose pay is struck in one of
the boles. The pay streak, as I have
aid before, is seldom more than three
feet in depth. On the side of tho bole
which shows tho best indications a Are
is placed, which thaws out a few inches
on that wall. In the morning tne waste
dirt, or what contains no pay, is shov
eled out and thrown to one side, the
pay dirt being placed in what is termed
tho dump, which freezes solid soon
after it lias reached top. This process is
continued in the direction of tho best
pay, a distance wbicb is governed by
the thickness of the crust on top. If
this is 20 feet, yoa may drift 80 feet
with safety, when a now bolo or a shaft
bas to bo sank and tbo drifting contin
ued. In this way the pay streak is taken
from underneath tbo surfaco in tbo win
ter until tho water begins running in
the spring, finds its way into tho shafts,
and binders operations to sucb an ex
tent that tbey are closed. Preparations
for the erection of dame are then made
and sluice boxes procured with wbicb
to wash the dump,
ajnlvlnf.
A sluice box is about 10 incites in
width and 19 feet in length, the boxes
so mode that they fit into each other
liko tho joints of a telescope. In these
are placed what are culled rifllo bars,
which are strips of wood about 1 inch
square and 8 or 10 feet long, nailed to
eihr at their ends. a. t bo paralle:
il
with each other and about one-bulf to
three-quarters of an inch apart. These
oro placed longitudinally in the sluice
boxes, which are set up so as to baVo
an incline of a or 8 inches fall per foot
of their length. Into. this system of
boxes a stream of water is directed,
wbicb tnwt bo of sufficient volume to
carry with it tbo gravel and dirt that
are in tho dump.
As soon as tbo sun bas attained suffi
cient force to tbaw out tbo surface of
the dump it is shoveled into these
sluice boxes, Tbo Water carries down
with it to tbo tailings, as it is termed,
tho refuse that is, tbo gravel, sand
and other matter which is not wanted.
The gold and the black sand, wbicb is
simply pulverized magnctio ore, owing
to their much greater weight, fall be
tween tho riffle liars and are held there.
As soon as tho riffle bars are filled, so
that there is dunirur of tbo irold nasslnir
nviir n1 1Mi'tiuurl tsi IliA u(ll,t,. ilia !
flow of water is stopjied, and what is
called thoclean up is made that is, the
rifilo burs arc lifted out and tbo con
tents of the tluico boxes gathered and
tho block sand and other refuse sepa
rated. Eitraurdlnarv htrlko.
In ono instance 80 avoirdupois pounds
of gold were realized from a single
clean up, representing ubout $10,000 in
money. This seems extraordinary, but
wo must bear in mind that the dump
from which this camo contained only
$110,000 and took tho united efforts of
five or six men at $1.60 per hour for
upward of three mouths, not including
tho labor of sluicing, so that although
it is tremendously rich it is not exactly
all profit.
I saw tho other evening in one of the
paper that a man who owns a claim on
fcl Dorado and another on Dear creek
bus sold out for $1,000,000. He went
into the country a or muu with the
Intention of raising sufficient money to
pay off the mortgage on bis place. Well,
be bas done so. lie bas not only paid
off bis own inortgngn, but the mortgages
. 1 1. ... i .1 1 i
vi li m ui'ikoooi.
Although these creeks are rich, aud
as 1 buve told you more man have made
homo stakes thero than anywhere else in
the world, I do Imt M ih you to look
only on the bright stdu of the picture,
An American front rWttle came In
Juno, iHUrt. to the Forty Mile with
his wife, with the Intention of bettering
his condition. They went out attain li
July with i , 000. I was well acquaint
ed with this mail, a very ileeent, lutnl
llgiuit ( Imp, lie told ma one day that If
ha could iiiuaiu Iu that country fnua
litre to live years and go Hit with IV
(ioo ha would cmiildi-r blmatdf in great
lui k. Ho hits coma out with i,0oo,
and after ! ling blsrlalm at both
sin! and a lints Iu Um middle ha mm
tludta thai there Is (l.biHI.OOU In It
lute I at uti,
I'n the oilier htiel, an old rUxlluiiau
i f ha iiaimu f Murks bas l-et ii Iu them
f II veaia I lus know a him wll,
and .. wh.li be was slt k ll fsll 1
b-t iiK-tt to ak bint liuw old ha at.
Huir thrae yrare, ba said. Thau I ak
rd him bow baig M bal laaii luliiina.
Ilia r fl wm444 In all annf
the wt Id tt 1 1 Au.ulu In amwef
M a qnU m as U ,.neltnr be bad nv
If Hiat bis Xka ha HI4 low ka bad
tii'f tt inada luola I ban a llvtiirf. ami
Moil that wa Vtiy aiaaiv. 'Ifcl.vl
our, IbO iqlt SllthKin, I at I
tvsld a.a vi .f atailUr mm, a
Dial wvuld hot bate ) bx tiM
MOeh M) the Ulgbt alda.
There are men in that country who
are poor and who will remain so. It has
not been their "luck," as thny rail it,
to strike it rich, but 1 may say that that
country offers to men of great fortitude,
steadiness aud some intelligence an op
portunity to make more money in
Riven time than they could posnibly
inako anywhere else. You have, of
course, a good deal to contend with,
Your patience will bo sorely trlod, for
the conditions are so unique that tbey
have surprised many who have gouo in
hopefully aud have left in disgust.
Thero aro many obstacles and disagree
able conditions in prospecting. During
tho summer and until Beptoinber the
mosqui toes aro a vcritablo plague. They
seem to feed on smoko. And as to flro.
tbey appear to revel in it. The only
way to escape them is to cover oneself
With mosquito netting. Indeed, it is ira
possible to prospect in the summer time
unless a man be au old miner and wol
hardened, for all day long, and 21 hours
in tho day, those mosquitoes aro after
you. It is no use trying to get rid of
them. Of course they aro not au annoy
anoe in tbo winter time.
Ho Ae-rloultaral PoIWIItl
Tbe Yukon can never bo an agrinnl
tural country, for tho thermometer
inks so often below 40 degrees, at
wbicb temperature vegetable develop
ment comes to a standstill, that only
tho commonest garden produce, such as
radishes, lettuce, small cabbages and
mall turnips, attain sufficient size for
uso.
Tho Alaska Commercial company bas
bad a couple of acres under cultivation
in tho vicinity of Forty Mile for several
years. On this it bus sows oats, but
they never ripened. Oood fodder for
cattlo could bo bad in ibis way by im
porting barley and oats, bnt the seed
would have to be brought iu every sea
on, as thero is uo kernel in tho pod or
hell. To those contemplating taking
horses or cattle into tbo country for oth
cr purposes than slaughter I would say,
go in a couple of years in advance, get
a favorable piece of land, clear it and
prepare for the cultivation of such fod
der as this; otherwise you will bare to
import all your fodder.
Horses have boon in uso at Forty Mile
for several years now, but tho owners
depend largely on the trailing companies
for tho food for their subsistence, Mr,
Harper bas bad several horses at Bel kirk
for several years, tbo fodder for which
bo cuts from ponds in tho vicinity, On
this tbey pull through tho winter, but
tbey aro not in a condition to do any
work,
Mr, Harper also bas a small garden
at Hclkirk, in which bo cultivates pota
toes of fair quality. To preserve them
from frost be bas bad a largo blanket,
as it might be termed, mode out of
heavy ticking. Every evening when tbe
sky is clear and frost threatens bo sus
pond this just over the potato tops.
This to a very great degree suMues tbe
intensity of tho frost iu its action upon
the potatoes, but does not save them
entirely. At ftlxty Mile also be bas a
small garden on which pretty fair pota
toes aro grown. This spot is more fa
vorably situated than is the other bx:al
ity, as the tubers are closer to tho bank
of tbe river with a warmer, sandy soil.
Tbe forming area is, however, very
small in comparison with the surface of
tbe country, being entirely limited to
tho river bottoms, so that all vegetable
food mnst be taken into the country, as
it cannot bo grown there except at an
enormous cost, and therefore will not
pay.
Aalnial Food.
For animal food there are the caribou
and tho moose, but tho moose are never
within 80 or 40 miles of tbo mines, so
that it takes two or three days going
from tho camps to hunt them. There
are, too, white mountain sheep pure
white In color, but otherwise resem
bling very much in appearance tbo gray
ones found in more southern latitudes,
but with a finer horn, more nicely curv
od. The carllxm, although they roam
over tho bills in vast herds, uro migra
tory in their nature and rarely found
two successive seasons in the same place.
Tbo natural products of tbo country
as a fxxl supply may bo said to be val
ueless when com pu red with tho demand
which will soon exUt for it there. It
might indeed be said that all food will
have to be imported. Iu tho river are
some small tUh resembling the gray
ling, aud the salmon annually make
their way up as far as tbe canyon, some
9,000 miles from the sea. but long ere
they reach thut polut they aro pretty
Well spent.
The only tlinlier In the country that
is fit for merentitiln purposes is spruce.
There are a few poplars, which, bow.
ever, are generally unfit for auything
except fuel. The spruce Is soft, weak
aud full of kiiols.
I oauio a good deal In cotiUot with
those man during my work about the
creeks, sattled many of the dUpuUi
arising bvlwaen them, adjustod luauy
difference, and everywhere and evry
11 mo they bad the highest reapect for
the law. Navsr but ono was anything
unkind or uutHiuipllmeulary said about
what was dona, and In that taw the
oITi ndi r soon after offured a mosi ample
l"'l"Hy. I think 1 can aaflyasMrt thai,
taken as a whole, iknre I u mms law
Idmiicm or disorder In tbe in in Is of I ha
miners of that tlutrlc than thare Is la
Ilia itituds of Ilia i ItlM-ns of our most
Mtfhly i lulled community In this
lit.-nd land.
Iu riu lubm ll me My thai we have
Iu I ha far Hot Ih land a al igl com
irUing from e,(mu .i IOO.U00 square
lulha i f iinloll iMlblllMu. Itii h 4.
I.tiis w know mIiI In , aud fur ang-M
are kimw many mr equally ikk may
fat I fmn4 V know now thai I Lara
is stiftk'Uet to supply a population uf
1 00. OOO baapla, and I look fotwaid t
Seeing that litttuM in Hut Uiuulrj
MltMulh krll u )!
Mr, Untitle mjfs ba ttUts to Ike
Wwr4 Klondike as dtwrltillte t-f Ike
Tukm efunity 'Lae Ualliaouaall
illiui of ika Imltaty we have
Ihare la Urn Yak-a vii, ta Masr
lMaitUki.iittisartaif the U
tike Is aa ItiiiiuU'.aul ualliy."
OIL AND ASPJ1ALTU31.
VALUABLE NATURAL DEPOSITS ON
THE CALIFORNIA SEASHORE.
Oil Walla on the Kdg of tha , Horna
of Tliom Ihiloir llg, WaUtt Mark, An
Workad With I'ruflt at Kauta llarbara.
Afilialtoin Iiip(wlta.
The early settlers in California wore
familiar with the indications of oil,
which were common at various local!
ties up and down tbe coast, and the as
phaltum from beds in tbe sea, where
this product oozed up out of tho bottom.
formed an important factor in tbo house-
bold economy of the ancients, In ol
most every burial place on tho coast as
phaltum is found. Tho natives employ
ed it to mend objects which were bro
ken and as a baso in which to place or
namental pieces of pearl mosaic, lias
gets were fastened to ollas by this
moans, and it was used for endless pur
poses In lieu of nails, oorduge and glue.
Tbe natives on the isluuds obtained
their supply from the water, and today
tne rocks at various places can bo seen
splashed with aspbnltum which bas
drifted In, Tbis is particularly notice
able after an east wind, showing that
thero Is a largo area in the deep Hunts
uutiiJioa channel from which uspbal
38
OILWfCMJ OH TIK SKASnOKK UtAB SiSTa
tnm oozci up. Off Bedondo beach, fs
Angeles county, it is extremely trouble-
smo, oozing out of tbe sand offshore
and drifting in. Between Santa Monica
and Los Angeles there aro undoubted
deposits and north of Hanta Barbara
overal enormous ones. That owned by
the More estate extends some distance
alongshore, so that vessels run in, and
tho aspbaltum is shoveled aboard, Tho
quality, it is said, Is quito equal to that
of the famous Trinidad ariey.
At Hanta 1'aala oil wells were long
ago developed, and later the oil produo
log belt was found at i'nento and ujoiln
at Hnminerland, below Hanta Jiurburo,
where a liiuljr state of affairs may bo
mm, 'Xhut the oil bcurlng strata reached
out Into tho ocean so;n be;ameaptirent
at riummerlund, aud tho drill scaffold
logs, looking Jlko windmiJls without
the wheel, began in a short time to ex
tend down tho little canyon which they
bud filled and to creep up tbo shorn in
tbo direction of Hanta Durbura, At first
they kept along tho sides of tbe bills
which brcont tho ocean here, but grudu
any tney tunica seaward until one
more adventurous tmin tho rest rose
from tho water. Tbe work was started
at extreme low tide, and finally tho
tall scaffolding appeared SO or CO feet
from shoro, seemingly rising from tho
sea.
Three wells at low tido aro in tbo
water and at flood tido aro completely
surrounded, tbo men working on plat
forms of various heights which tbey as
cend wbeu working as the sea rises.
The structures that are built In the sea
have not yet experienced a strong south-
wester, and it is assumed by some that
there will be a full in oil when a heavy
sea begins to tireak against the scaffold
ing, lho drill is worked in tho water
by an engine on the bcucb, tho fuel be
ing the oil pumped up, this engine
working several well. At present the
most daring well scaffold stands in six
feet or more of water at high tido, and
thero is a rumor that others will be
pUHbod out into tho shallow water near
tho kelp beds.
This Is probably the only place whero
til is pumped out of tho ocean. Un
doubtedly tho entiro count in this vi-
Inity overlies oil producing strata.
Off what is known as More's whurf.
half a milo out, oil rises to tho surfaco
In several placea, A spring of water
also rushes up hero with such velocity
that it cun bo taken up and used if one
does not mind a slight intermixture of
salt. A similar spring is known on tho
Florida couNt, where it is said that a
vessel can Ho alougnida tho groat rush
of water and fill her tanks with freah
drinking water out of the ocean,
l'robably ono of the uiont extraordi
nary sights of oil wells U stteu in Loe
Angeles. Oil was fimt dlaeovered In tha
wimteru portlou, In what wus coimidnrml
a choice residence part of lho city, bui
Ike muglo tho liglithouM-Hko scaffold
ings began to rlw until tho laud appear
ed fairly to brlitlo with them, Fine res-
buicns were rultid by the proximity
of lho uimiuhtly objucts, and finally tba
sttotltiu was given over to I hum aud
now rDscinblca certain sections of the
oil region Iu IHiiiisylvaula.
( alifornlit Is without ibMwlUi'f xmI,
If we einept lik'ulla ld, which cn-p
out In various id.ut a, so that oil as fuel
will supply a long Mi want and I
mm a tVter In tho rapid duvi lopim-nt
f Ibis growing i tly, rMenwfUi Anwr-
t-.
Ike Mwl IwiHtrtaat I a!,
Noiaual In tha wrld-hil even tha
Hue at i roathea lint r-euil Ma. Mar lis
tl wii ii Ukt riuimh r and llunm, In
the quantity if liUhl whhh -aM
hroOfcli II. Iha total, limn Ilia inii
f nlinn In M ty up In Nutaiulir
lhtayir. wa ISA h il Mi,
an lurrvMt i f 1 1 -t tt ut r Ut sa
a 'It.
luar i inbiMi,
MIUiif i liiiidiuiii a til Imitt Ut'it Uh.l
a A f.TliiMll, f,. tllt l'lllidl Idl ilHl I.A
It- ItU i f I'r-.liaM f Uielelvf i f Mall'
rail. lulu an tjaih li. id aeViu !
In b't that ha bat (mud a laallug
'ii in wia uiwi-pi iv mint) Aiunf -
KM
k jr.rTi i
Llva Stock rolnU.
We have board of a race horse named
Dress Goods. A man who would give
borso such a namo as that ought to It
pursued and kicked every night by en
raged nightmares.
A good borso feed is a mixture ol
ground corn and oats fed with moisten
ed cut clover bay. It is a muscle mak
log feed and eusily digested.
At recent sales in Kentucky horses oi
blood and training have brought excel
lent price Thero will bo beuoefortl!
good market for all horses that art
worth tbe name, but they must be of
much higher order than those offered
for sale half a dozen year ago. Thi
scrub horso in America must go, Is go
ing rapidly. Kvery man cannot raise a
race horse or fast trotter, but every man
can raise a large, fine carriage borso oi
a first clans suddlcr or noble, gentli
draft horses of size and beauty. Tbi
man who puts any or all these on tbi
market will not go to tbe poorbouso. li
tboycau be broken and traiued at home,
so much tbe better if tbe training li
perfect,
The prize carload of fat steers at tbi
Chicago show were Abordoen-Angusef
aud sold for $0 a hundredweight
Tbe national congress of stockbreed
ers will bo held In J 80S in Ht. I'aul, II
will commence Jan, 17 and end Jan,
83. Tbe promoters of this worthy as
sociation are hoping for a gathering oi
tockmon from all parts of tbe country,
Mr, David MoOiunls, Ht. I'aul, is exec
utive manager.
OOOD TIMKH bare come to those
whom Hood's Miirmiiittrlllft bas cured of
scrofula, catarrh, dysNpsln, rheumatism,
weak nerval, or some other form or im
pure blood,
IIOOD'H riLLHorsthe only
pllts to
. Kasy
take with Hood's Harsrt parol o
and yet efficient.
Just try a lOe box of Caaearete, tbe $a
esi uver ana bowel regulator ever
I lock Hogs la Winter,
Inoxi4iouccd swine breeders
the mistake of either keeping
maki
tbeii
breeding hogs too fat or too thin durlnfl
the winter, it requires a keen eye and
good judgment gained by careful ob
servation or long experience to tell
when breeding stock is in just the right
condition. If too fat, the sows will bav
weak pigs, and so tbey will if kept toe
thin, and besides not nave enough milk
to nourish them. An exclusive corn
diet tends toward fatness (if tbe dam
and a poor development of bone aud
mascle of tbe pigs. Corn is an unbal
anced ration, end a long feeding of il
makes tho system feverish. Corn fed
brood sows often eat their pigs, becausi
their system craves different fowl,
Tbe aim should bo to maintain tb
brooding stock in a healthy growing con
dition and with just flesh enough to keep
them warm aud make them good aud
strong at farrowing time. Oats make an
ideal ration and may bo fed without
grinding. Wheat or any of its bypro
ducts is good. A little linseed meal doot
sot come amiss, ltye is also an excellent
feed, but be shy of com and give only
few ears a day, Hoots are probably tbi
cbmpcdt food that can bo fed and one oi
tbo best, Tbey keep the bowels in order
and tbe system in good working shape.
Turnips, beets, applea, potatoes or car
rots may all bo fed whole, and the bogi
will eat thorn greedily, If you bavi
Huge, feed freely of it. There is noth
ing better, A ration of clover bay two
cr three times a week is also relished.
In addition to sensible feeding give
warm bed in a dry, tight pen and
yard or fle.bl for plenty of exercise.
When handled in this way, the pigs can
bo carried cheaply through tbo wintel
aud tho sows will come to farrowing in
tbe best possible condition and droj
strong, healthy pigs ready to grow frou
the start. National Btockuian.
Doa'tTebaoooBplt and Smoke Tour Life
Away,
If yoa want to quit tobacco nalng
kailr and foraver. be made well, strona-.
magostlo, full ol new life and vigor, take
No-To-Ilae, tbe wonderworker, that
snakes wsak man strong. Many gala
tea pounds In ten dars. Over 400.000
eurad, llay No-To-bae of your druirgfat
onoar guarantee to eura, ooe or $1.00.
Hook lt and samples mailed free. Addraae
Htarliog Ilemedy Co., Chicago or New Y,
McREYNOLDS (p
i:,4-- Boarding- -4!;
House.
ii ;
By Day or Wcck.Wt
m 1342 N St.
SCENIC LINEOFTHE WORLD
DNVER,RlOjRANDe R-R-v
' Jl lis
lh pul.ir Through Cjr Un to t x
UTAH.CAUFORNIA jOxN fl . 1
ANt tut NODTffWFVr kfr.X s flu. si-'
a
II awn t r i,aN,taa.
HORSE'S HOOF.
From Illrtb to Ith II Boqalraa Faith
ful Attention,
From the birth to tbe death of the
borso, says a fellow of tho Hoyal Col
lege of Veterinary Hurgeons, tbe boot
requires attention if it is to be kept in
a healthy condition. It is before the
hoof Is shod that the feet are generally
neglected, and tbo animals offer ac
cordingly, because thoy are young and
imrnaturo, aud the bones and other tis
sues aro soft and oould bo easily distort
ed to suit tho conditions under wbicb
tbey are kept The feet of foals and
growing horses should therefore have at
tention given to them, since neglect at
that period often sows the seed of con
tinuous trouble. The hoofs should be
kept clean by being "picked out" as of
ten as possible to prevent any dirt or
bard substance being burled in tbe As
sures of the feet They should be exam
ined from time to time (say every tig
or eight weeks) to detect any dofecti of
shape that might be taking place. If
tbe feet are not growing level and sym
metrical, tbey should be rendered so by
rasping away tho bora which is not
naturally worn down. If that to neg
lected, the animal will soon have tbi
fotbxik joint bending over toward tbe
cutslde, On uo pretense whatever
should the front of the wall be inter'
fered with, for tbe glazed coating of it
urface protects tho born beneath it It
bould therefore be left untouched.
It would be as well to disabuse peo
ple's minds of a very popular fallacy
viz, thut wet, soft ground and even
tnauure yards are the best places to keep
Joang horses, and some would even
ave tho frogs and soles pared thin to
allow tho moisture to penetrate more
easily. No greater mistake is made than
that, for tha preservation of tbe hoof
depends to a great extent upon tbe soil
tbe animal was reared on. Tbo best
tooted horses aro bred on dry soils, and
that is undoubtedly tbe kind of ground
best adapted to the healthy growth of
born.
Young horse require plenty of eer
oiso, and unless they are allowed it tbe
growth of the born, etc,, is sure to ba
defective. Then the question risee,
When ought a horse to be first shod!
Tbe answer is, when the work required
of tbe animal wears the born away
faster than it is formed or grown, or,
In other words, so long as tbe bom of
tbe foot can stand tbe wear required, 11
will not need protecting (shoeing).
Moreover, if the young horses are not
hod so early they will not be worked
so bard, and fewer would be ruined in
their youth, as is too often tbe oaee at
the present time.
Many People Cannot Drink
eoffeeat nlirfit. It spoils their sleep.
You con drink Oroin-O wbn yonplnoee
and sleep like a top. For (Jrain-O doee
r ot stimulate; it nourihes, chews and
feeds. Yet it looks and tastss like tbe
best coffee. For orvous parsons, young
iopla and children Grafn-0 Is the pr
feet drink. Made from pure grains, Oet
a pocknge from your grocer today, Try '
it in pliC4 of Coffee, 1 & end 25c,
The corning of the Trans-Mississippi
Ivxriosltioo at Omaha, is I'Miksd upon by
Nebraska people who have farms,
rauchea, town prooerty, etc, to sail a
affording n grand opportunity to sell
out to lh thoosandsof bomfteM-kftrs who
will come there from the east to see tbe
products of tbis and other states,
'Ji mIiow that Nabraak will make
there will be Hie means ol Inducing a
large Immigration from the eastern and
middle statin, who will buy thousands of
Ni drunk a (arms within tho next year'
A co-operative land sale company baa
Ixa-n organized for tbe purpose of pre
paring a descriptive catalogue for the
benefit of oil who dim I re to sell. These
catalogues will be placed In the bands of
every bomeseckur who visits the exposi
tion. Further notice of this corn party will ap
pear la this paper next wdek.
Thi fowKfot tha f'raan.
One of the moat n-markible euccesaee
In the hlatory of advertising is that of
(Hue unit a Candy Catliane, the famous
ideal laxative now found in every lioma,
nbnolutely unknown two years airo,
this wonderful preparation achieved a
sulalii 1HU7 of over 21,000,000 boxea,
mid indientioua are that over 5,000,000
boxea will b sold iu 1H0H. It le a oae
of undoubted merit made known to the
world by then ol printer's Ink. The
lit articla In the world will not sail uo
leaa ita virtues ara aprend broodcaat
throuKh tha newepnpre. No better il
lustration could be found, on the other
hand, ol the euceeee awaitiog anyone
who has good preparation aad will ad-vi-rtleelf,
than Cneearela Candy Cath
artic, the inoet (airfeel preparation of
tha day,
llmntiwliir'i S-ieurelita via Itarllagtoe
llaala,
On Kebruary 1st and 16 tha Hurling
ton will axil round trip lli kxta to all
points In Indian Territory. Oklahoma
Territory and Texas, and to certain
Hiinta In Arlioun, Arkanaaa liuiaana,
klieemirl and New Muleo at tutelar,
jilua J 1Mb l ull Inlormatioa regwrdleg
llmita, alaivera, ale-, at H. A III. deHit
or slty ottlee, rtirner tland Tenth etiwt,
tlan, W, IUishh i, C, I. A T, ,
' . r - m m
9 m mm m . .
KLONDIKE.
I