THE NEBRASKA INDEPENDENT
July 3O, 1896.
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THE INDEPENDENT PUB, CO..
LlXOOLS, Nbb,
. Nebraska's choice for President
of the United States 1898-1900 is
WM. J. BRYAN.
Whore, Oh! where ia John D. P. Thurs
ton? They still keep repeating the old lie
that silver dollars are redeemable In
gold. . ' ' " ; " :. .
The books that Hanna relieB -on for
the education of the people are check
books. ;
Information wanted concerning a cer
tain Anglo-American by the name of Ed
ward 0. Wolcott.
Tbey have only one objection to W. J.
Bryan. They say he is too young. He
will get over that after awhile. ,
Let us all thank the Lord for one
thing. The "sub-treasury plan" has gone
where the woodbine twineth.
The editorial page of the Nonconform
. 1st last week was full of good, sound eco
nomic articles. The editor was absent.
' Mr. Coxey got one vote for president.
It came from the Ohio delegation. Mr,
Coxey was a member of the Ohio delega
tion. '
Bryan is young, but "in the lexicon of.
youth, which fate reserves for a bright
manhood, there is no such word as
'fail.'" "
What must have been the feeling of
Morgan of the Arkansaw , Kicker when
he saw his state delegatiou voting solid
for Bryan?
The populists and silver party's plat
forms on finance are essentially the
same. They differ materially from the
Chicago platform.
Truthful Annin sends from Washing
ton a column of advice and instruction to
Mr. Bryan, concerning how he shall be
have himself during the coming cam
paign. '
The populists now have seven United
States senators, viz., Allen, Kyle, Feller,
Jones, Stewart, Butler and Pettigrew,
and Teller, Dubois and Cannon will soon
come out of the wilderness of no-party.
One part of the report of the national
convention was lost in the mails, and
it cannot now be re-written. It was a
column of short notes in which a great
number of Nebraska people were men
tioned. - '
Every time the dollar appreciates one
per eent, there is added $350,000,000
to the burden of debt that this country
owes. Think of it my friends. If prices
fall one per cent, the dollar has appreci
ated one per cent.
A good many times during the conven
tion delegates lamented that the
convention had not been held in May in
stead of Jnly, but if it had, there would
surely have been three tickets in the field
with no chance at all to win.
The election of Bryan will result in as
great blessing to the vanquished as to
the victors. The voters supporting the
gold standard will after a while be
as thankful that they were beaten as the
people of the south now are that they
did not succeed in dividing this union.
South Dakota is the only state with
two pop senators, and they are awfully
proud of it. The delegation kept a ban
ner standing during the whole conven
tion announcing that fact, and Senator
Pettigrew sat most of the time among
them.
The reports of the St. Louis convention
made by the great dailies of that city,
were well written, elaborate, and,
what is of more importance, they
were accurate and truthful. They were
made by bright, well-trained newspaper
men. The Republic and Globe-Demo,
crat each had a large force of writers on
the floor all the time. So did the Dis
patch and the evening papers. They all
treated the convention ' with courtesy.
The McCook Tribune (rep.), in speak
ing of the continued charges made
against the people of the west in which
they are charged with repudiation,
agrarianism and anarchy, says: "The
average western citizen is as honest, pa
triotic and law-abiding a the average
citizen of the east; and this wholesale
aspersion of western commercial honesty
and fealty to law will only the wider es
trange the sections and enrage the peo
ple. It's false, impudent and cowardly."
PIT HIM IN THE WHITE HOVSE.
The peoples party has spoken and all
will abide by the result It has not been
swallowed by the democracy and the
democracy has not been swallowed by it.
The two organizations stand as distinct
from each other as they ever did. What
has been done is an agreement during
this campaign that we will unite our
forces fox a supreme effort to elect W. J.
Bryan president of these United States.
We did this because we believe that W.
J. Bryan is an honest man, of firm will,
of upright character, and a friend of the
common people. We believe that he will
keep every promise to the people which
he has made in bis hitherto public career.
We believe that'he can be elected, and if
elected, be will throw the almost omnip
otent power of this great government
against the national banks, against the
oppression of the corporations and
against the money power.
While some of the delegates at St.
Louis did not think it wise to nominate
any one but a straight populist, there
was not one of them that bad a word to
say against W. J. Bryan, or who doubted
his sincerity and honesty.
With W. J. Bryan four years in the
White House, we will have what is equiv
alent to a revolution, He will bring this
government back to sympathy with the
common people. A president of the Uni
ted States wields more power than any
king or potentate in Europe except the
Czar, When his heart is with the com
mon people as is that of Mr. Bryan, he
will exercise that power in relieving
them of their unjust burdens.
Before his term has expired, if he has
a congress to back him, banks of issue
will be in the way of extinction, an in
come tax will be in force through a re
organization of the supreme court, we
will elect our senators and president by
a direct vote of the people, we will
double the price of all staple farm pro
ducts, and that means a reduction of
one half in freight rates, taxes, interest
and farm mortagages.
Did we ever have so much hanging on
the success or failure of one man
before? Is there not enough at stake in
this election to call forth the utmost en
ergies of every lover of home, of family
and native land? Let every man then
go to work, spend days and nights in
getting enough votes to elect W. J. Bry
an president of, the United States. ' The
Old Guard which has been in the fiercest
of the fight for tweaty years, which
may die but never surrenders let the
Old Guard make one more charge. We
have grown gray in the service, but we
can charge once more. Let us make it
the most valiant of all our lives, and
land a patriot, a lover of mankind, an
honest man in the White House.
COINING SILVER.
The goldite newspapers cannot tell the
same lie founweeks in succession to save
their souls. They jump from one to an
other so fast that it is almost impossible
to keep track of them. It has not been
long since the State Journal was telling
us that free coinage meant the flooding
of this country two or three feet deep,
more or less, with silver dollars. It now
jumps to the other extreme, and tells us
in its Tuesday's edition that:
In the conrt ot aome months after the meet
ing of the Fifty-fifth congress, should it be a
free coinage bod;, the mints will be aet to work
to grind out the new dollars. Bnt It will take a
long time to make money plenty that way.
Working night and day, the mlnta can tarn ont
about 40,000,000 of standard dollars per annum,
or about three and one-third millions per month.
Mr. Bryan says that we will have a mint In
every town, bnt that takes time. It will be
with the utmost speed that can be made, more
thaa two years before anything like a sufficient
number of dollars can be coined to make any
appreciable difference in the circulation.
That is stealing the argument of the
most extreme flatists. It has become as
wild as the wildest pop, but it will result
in no deception of the people. The most
ordinary voter knows that there was a
law on the statute books permitting
holders of silver bullion to take it to the
mints, deposit it and receive silver certi
ficates for it, and it went into the circu
lation before it was coined. That law
can be re-enacted in one day, and this
hoodoo about waiting for the mints to
coin silver will be done for. The people
like the silver certificate so much better
than the silver dollar that there will be
very little call for the coined silver, and
the present mintage facilities will be
amply able to supply any demand of
that kind that is likely to be made.
QUESTIONS ANSWERED.
We find by actual experience that there
is a limit to human endurance and in
consequence of that fact, the correspon
dence of the editor of this paper is in in
extricable confusion. Many letters, the
answers to which will be ot interest to
the general reader, we will answer in this
article. Asking pardon of our friends
for not sending a personal reply, they
are as follows:
First The imports and exports of the
United States for the fiscal year ending
June 80 1896 were:
Exports $882,510,229
Import 779.71T.808
Excess of exports over Imports 102,801,928
This statement answers several letters
and is a complete refutation of the claim
that the repeal of the Mckinley act has
flooded this country with foreign goods
and caused the export of gold.
Second. The Mexican silver dollar
contains about 116 grains of standard
silver, the American silver dollar H2
grains. The value of the Mexican silver
dollar in any legal tender money of the
United States At this writirg, July 28,
is 5i cents. ; So it is very near the truth
to say that an American silver dollar ia
worth two Mexican silver dollars.
The meaning of thatis.thata Mexican,
if wheat is worth 50 cents a bushel on
this) side of the line, gets one dollar a
bushel for his wheat, while the American
farmer gets only fifty cents. The Mexi
can with his bushel of wheat can pay off
one dollar of taxes, of interest and of
debt The American farmer with his
bushel of wheat can pay off only fifty
cents of taxes, oi interest and debt.
The reason why the American silver,
dollar with less silver in it than the Mex
ican silver dollar, is on a par with gold
and the Mexican silver dollar is not, has
been fully explained in tbesecolumnsand
cannot be repeated now, further than to
say that the chief reason is, that the
United States has an immense export
trade and Mexico has but little. No for
eigner will take less for any legal tender
money of the United states than its
face value as long as he can send it here
and pay import duties, or buy wheat,
beef, pork and cotton with it.
Third. The American silver dollar is
standard money of the United States
and is not redeemable in any other kind
of money, and you are justified in de
nouncing any man, as either ignorant or
a wilful falsifier, who says it is.
EDITOKAL IMBECILES.
The Qualifications of the editor of the
State Journal to intelligently discuss
public questions is shown in the follow
ing extract:
A Journal reader at Shickley sends In a column
clipping from the Ikdepihdiht, a pop paper
said to be printed In this city, asking that it be
copied and refuted, The article Is an inane rig
marole pretending to be historical, in which It is
attempted to make people believe that it was
Charles Foster and John Sherman that Issued
the "almost $300,000,000 in four thirty bonds" to
make up for the Wilson act deficiency In the
treasury and that conspired to pay treasury
notes in gold. The Journal cannot give space
to rot of this sort.
The article referred to contains official
statements, letters and telegrams of the
republican secretary of the treasury,
Chas. Foster. The Journal calls it
"rot,'' "rigmarole" "infernal lies" "silly"
imagination of the ignorant" etc. That
is the only way the poor old thing can
meet an argument or a statement from
the government records. This is the
style of writing universally adopted by
goldite editors both big and little. Sec
retary Foster gave that testimony and
sent those telegrams and the editor of
the State Journal knows that he did.
This style of editorial writing is receiv
ing the contempt of all fair minded men.
A very able writer has made the follow
ing remarks upon it:
"The various terms of endearment (?)
which find a place in the editorial col
umns of the average gold standard
newspaper, and wnich embellish the ar
guments of the orators whose eloquence
is expended upon that side, are too
familiar to the reader to require extended
comment. Fanaticism and fanatics,
lunacy and lunatics, idiocy and idiots,
thieves and thievery, knaves and knav
ery, swindle and swindlers, robbery and
robbers, scoundrelism and scoundrels,
repudiation and repudiators, anarchy
and anarchists, are a few of the choice
epithets daintily employed to describe
the infamies of those who believe that it
is wrong to compel a man to pay taxes
debts and fixed charges of all kinds in
money that doubles in value about once
in twenty-five years, Such expressions
are, of course, very emphatic, and to a
certain class of minds they may be en
tirely conclusive. But to those who rea
son upon the basis of ascertained facts,
and who appreciate the difference be
tween calling a man a thief and proving
him to be one, they will hardly be ac
cepted as "proof" of anything."
The men who depend upon that kind
of writing to convince the thinking,
reasoning public, exhibit only their own
imbecility, and, as the clipping from the
Journal shows, connot even write in cor
rect English.
A CRITICAL MOMENT
Senator Allen did a great service to the
populist party, when as chairman of the
national convention, he firmly refused to
allow the representatives of the demo
cratic party to run it in their own inter
ests by announcing their ficticious tele
grams from the platform.-
It was a critical moment in the life of
the party. If Senator Allen had yielded
to the pressure brought upon him, that
moment the party would have split in
two and the work of twenty years would
have been in vain.
Senator Allen may notbe always right
but this time he was right, and his
action saved the party. What would
have happened in the state of excitement
existing in that convention at that time,
if a telegram had been read by the sec
retary purporting to have come from
Bryan.curtly refusing to accept the pop
ulist nomination is not hard to guess.
It would have beeu the end of any effort
to get a union of forces to support Bryan
for president. Perhaps in the history of
no party did ever before such a critical
moment occur. On the lips of Senator
Allen hung our fate, and to his firmness
and good judgement we owe our salva
tion. DO NOT FOROET.
. During the last two months there have
been hundreds of our subscribers that
have written to us that they would send
the cash for their subscriptions as soon
as harvest was over. This will be a gen
tle Reminder that we have their promises
on file in this office. The harvest is row
in, progress and ws trust that you will
not forget us.
OCR SOUTHERN FBI UN D.
The Independent has no word of cen
sure for our friends in the south. It fully
understands the heavy burdens that
they must bear. It knows them to be
honorable men, true men, men ot the
highest principles. They have fought a
long, and sometimes a hopeless, fight
But whether they expected victory or
feared defeat, they were always the same
brave, true men. They have met disas
ter with fortitude, defeat without losing
courage, and have seen fairly won victor
ies snatched away from them by perjury
and fraud, and under it all tbey have
borne themselves as true men.
Tbey made the bravest fight at St.
Louis that a minority ever made, and
when their cause was lost, when tbey
were overcome by numbers, there they
stood, Btill clinging to what tbey
thought was the right
There have always been more populist
votes in the south than in the north, and
tbey have fought a fight the bitterness
of which we in the north cannot imag
ine. Then they did not know Bryan as
we know him. To them it was only an
abstract proposition. To us, who know
Bryan, it was another thing altogether.
It is to be hoped that these brave men
and truest of true populists may find a
way out of all their difficulties.
AN APOLOGY.
The last two issues of the Indepen
dent, we are free to confess, have not
been up to the right standard. One man
cannot be a reporter and an editoral
writer too. To make this paper what it
has been, has required ten or twelve
hours work in the office or the libraries
each day, and when the editor had to at
tend the Grand Island and St. Louis con
ventions that work had to stop. Now
the old round begins again, and as long
as the present editor is in charge, he will
continue to use all his energy to make
the Independent the ablest and best
populist paper in the United states.
No 1 of a large bright paper, called
The American Standard, published at
Frankfort, Ind., has been receixed. The
publishers say: "Other reforms press for
solution, but this money question is now
up for settlement. One issue at a time
is the motto. When the people have set
tled the money question, others shall re
ceive attention. Until then, this paper
favors reopening the mints to the free
coinage of silver and gold into absolute
money at the ratio of 16 to 1."
Nine-tenths of the confusion in the
populist national convention resulted
from the inability to hear what was
going on The chairman's voice could
reach less than one-half of the delegates
when there was any conversation in the
lower galleries or persons were coming in
or going out. The convention was too
large for the orderly transaction of busi
ness. The next one should be reduced
one-third in numbers.
The election of J. A. Edgerton as sec
retary of the national committee com
pletes a trio of Nebraska men who will
have much to do with'guiding political
affairs. Bryan is our candidate, Allen
was chairman of the national conven
tion and Edgerton is secretary of the
national committee. They are all young
men and in full sympathy with the com
mon people.
The necessity for a change in the mode
of electing the president and vice-president
to the manner proposed long ago
by the populists, is made evident by the
muddle we now find ourselves in. If we
could all vote direct for president, with
out this intervening stumbling block of
an electoral college, there would be no
trouble at all.
The continued cry, "low prices, hard
times and no money," does not seem to
be a stumbling block in the way of suc
cess for the DeKalb Fence Co. of DeKalb,
111. The sale of its product for the seas
on just passed has been the greatest in
its history, and they are again com
pelled to increase their capacity in the
way of a now building 70x315 feet.
This company has surely merited this
success; they have always used the
greatest care possible in the selection of
material and the manufacture of their
goods, and make no line but what is
serviceable, durable, and gives perfect
satisfaction, not being influenced by
prices offered by their competitors on a
flimsy, light fencing. This policy is a
true one and always merits success, be
cause full value and perfect satisfaction
is given on every article. Remember this
company not only manufactures tha
largest volume of smooth wire fencing,
but the largest and most complete lines
of fencing of any one plant, and, if
wanting a neat, durable yard, lawn, or
cemetery fence, with or without steel
gates, steel posts and rail, cabled field
and hog fencing, or cabled poultry, gar
den and rabbit fencing, write them for
their catalogue, which they will mail
you free.
Bryan in Congress,
Perhaps no better idea of the habits
of thought animatingjthe political con
victions of William J. Bryan could be
obtained than by merely noting the
measures with which he was identified
during his four years' service in the
House of Representatives. There seems
to be a logical connection between all of
them the list is clearly such a one as
might be drawn by a public man inher
iting the democracy of Thomas Jeffer
son, educated under the early apostle of
personal liberty, Lyman Trumbull, and
growing to ripe manhood in the agricul
tural reigons of the West From William
Jennings Bryan: a Character Sketch."
by Willis J.Abbot, in August .Review ot
ot Renews.
Wanted.
An experienced man to solicit local
advertising. Apply at this office.
POPULIST PLATFORM.
It Was Passed Unanimously as Be-
ported.
Financial Reform Declared to be of the
Graveet Importance.
St, Loots, Ma, July 2& The plat
form as agreed upon by the committee
u as iouotvs:
"The People's party, assembled la national
r v . tJ 1 1 n UW
principles declared by she founders of the re-
puoua ana aieo so me Fundamental principles
of just government aa enunciated in the plat
form Af til m TM rw In IKlM UT- k.A
through the connivance of t ha preaent and
(uwceaina- administrations, me country naa
macneas crisis la its national lira, as pre
dicted in our declaration of four years ago,
and that prompt and patriotio action is the
supreme duty of the hour. We realize that
while we have political independence,
our financial and industrial independence
is yet to be attained by restoring
to our country the constitutional control and
exercise of the functions necessary to peo
pie's government, which functions have been
basely surrendered by our public servants to
corporate monopolies. The influence of Euro
pean aaonay changers hat been more potent in
shaping legislation than the roice of the Amer
ican people. Executive power and patronage
have biMn nuul in .n.rn ... iaMi.i.n.
. - .- w u HfiNHlui. DUU
defeat the will of the people and plutocracy
has thereby been enthroned upon the ruins
of democracy. To restore the government in
tended by the fathers and for the welfare and
prosperity of this and futuia generations, we
demand the establishment of au economic and
financial ays torn which shall make us mas
ten of our own affairs and independent of
European control, by the adoption of the fol
lowing declaration of principles :
Finance.
' First We demand a national money, safe
and sound, issued by the general government
only, without the intervention of banks of
issue, to be a full la gal tender for all debts,
publio and private-a just, equitable and
efficient means of distributing direct to the
people and through the lawful disbursements
of the government
"Second We demand the free and unre
stricted coinage of silver and gold at the pres
ent legal ratio of 16 to t without waiting for
the consent of f i reign nationa
Third-We demand that the volume of cir
culating medium be speedily increased to an
amount sufficient to meet the demands of the
business and population of this oountry and to
restore the just level of prices of labor and
production.
"Fourth We denounce the lie of bonds and
the increase of the publio interest bearing debt
made by the present administration as unnec
essary andwithont authority of law, and that
no more bonds be issued except by speciflo act
of Congresa
"Fifth We demand such legislation aa will
prevent the demonetisation of the lawful mon
ey of the United States by private contract.
"Sixth We demand that the government, in
payment of its obligations, shall use its option
aa to the kind of lawful money in whioh they
are to be paid, and we denounce the present and
preceding administrations for surrendering
this option to the holderso f government obli
gations "Seventh We demand a graduated income
tax to the end that aggregated wealth shall
bear its just proportion of taxation, and we re
gard the recent decision of the supreme court
relative to the income tax law as a misinter
pretation of the constitution and an invasion
of the rightful powers of Congress over the
subject of taxat on. -D
' Eighth We demand that postal saving
banks be established by the giveroment for
safe deposit of the savings of the people and
to faoiUtate exchange.
Transportation.
"1. Transportation being a means of ex
change and a publio necessity, the government
should own and operate the railroads in the
interest of the people and on a non-partisan
basis, to the end that all may be accorded the
same treatment in transportation and that the
tyranny and political power now exercised by
the great railroad corporations, whioh result
in the impairment, if not the destruction, of
political rights and personal liberties of the
citizens may bo destroyed Suoh ownership is
to be accomplished gradually, in a manner con
sistent with sound publio policy.
"B. The interest of tha TTnitari ftf.f. I-
public highways built with public moneys and
me pro:ea? oi extensive grants ot land to the
Pacific railroads should never be alienated,
mortgaged or sold, but guarded and protected
for the general welf ire as provided by the laws
organising suoh railroads. The foreclosure oi
existing liens of the United States on these
roads should at once follow default in the
payment thereof by the debtor companies and
at tha foreclosure sales of said roads tha gov
ernment shall purchase the earns if it becomes
necessary to protect its interests therein, or if
they can be purchased at a reasonable prise j
and the government shall operate said raiK j
roads as publio highways for the benefit of the
whole people and not in the interest of the few, j
under suitable provisions for protection of life
and property, giving to all transportation in
terests equal privileges and equal rates for
fares and freights j
"8. We denounce the present infamous '
schemes for refunding these debts and demand
that the laws now applicable thereto be exe
cuted and administered according to their true
Intent and spirit
"4 The telegraph, like the poatofBee system,
being a necessity for the transmission of news,
should be owned and operated by the govern
ment in the interest of the peepH
' Laade. .
"Tha true policy demands that the national
and State legislation shall be suoh as will ulti
mately enable every prudent and industrious
citizen to secure a home, and therefore the land
should not be monopolized for speculative pmr
posea All lands now held by railroads and
other corporations in exoess of their actual
needs should by lawful means be reclaimed by
the government and held for aotual settlers
only, and private land monopoly aa well aa
alien ownership should be prohibited.
We condemn the frauds by which the
land grant Pacific railroad companies have,
through tha connivance of the Interior 1 -nrt-ment,
robbed multitudes of actual b s
settlers of their homes and mine a .
olaima and we demani the legislation ..
gross which will enforce. the exemption f mi.t
eral land from auch grants after a, well as
before patent.
"& We demand that bona fide aettlera on all
publio land be (ranted free homea aa provided
in the national homestead law, and that no
exemption be made in the case of Indian res
ervations when opened for settlement, and that
all lands not now patented come under the law,
Direct Legislation.
We favor a system of direct legislation
through the initiative and referendum under
proper constitutional safeguards
General Propositions.
"t We demand the election ot President:
Vloe President and United States senators by
direct vote of the people.
"4, We tonder to the patriotic people of
Cuba our deepest sympathy in their heroic
struggle for political freedom and Independ
ence, and we believe the time has come when
the United States, the great republic of the
world, should recognize that Cuba is. and of
right ought to be, a free and independent
state.
"i. We favor home rule in the Territories,
and the Distriot of Columbia and the early
admission of the Territories as States.
'. All publio aalaries should be mads to
correspond to the price ot labor and its prod
note. "6. In times of great industrial depression
idle labor should be employed on public works
as far as practicable.
I "4 The arbitrary course of tha courts in as
suming to imprison citizens for indirect oon
tempt and ruling ihem by injunction, ahould
be prevented by proper legislation.
'7 Wa favor just penaiona for our disabled
Union soldiers. . ...
a Believing that the election franchise and
un trammeled ballot are essentiel to a govern
mentofandby the people, the People's party
condemns the wholesale system ot disfranchise,
ment adopted in some of the States aa un-Republican,
and un-fteniqcratla. and, we. deolyra
Rib be the duty of the several Stale lotfisle
tnrea to take auch action aa well aa secure a
full, free and fair ballot and honest count
While the foregoinf propositions consti
tute the platform upon which our party stands,
and for the vindication of which its organiza
tion will be maintained, we recognize that the
great and pressing issue of the pending -m-paign,
upon which the present Presidential
lectio wQl tarn, ia the financial question,
and upon this great and specific issue between
the parties we cordially invite the aid and co
operation of all organisations and citizen
agreeing with us upon this vital question,"
Campaign Songs.
Just out "Sixteen silver sons." Buy
'em and tune up for Bryan. Price ten
cents. Agents wauted. Address Inde
pendent office, Lincoln, Nebraska.
Beneedlee for Cnt Worms.
It this season of the year cut worms
do more or less damage to nearly all
crops, especially to tomatoes, cabbages
and corn. Whenever sod or grassy
land is left until spring before being
Dlowed. anv emit whlrh mnv h nlant-
ed on such land will be considerably
damaged by cut worms. The reason
of this is that the worms are nearly
full grown In the spring, yet they
need one good meal before forming
Into pupae, a short time after which
thev come forth aa nieht. flvine moths.
The life history of the cut worms is
about this: The moths lay their eggs
in grass throughout the summer
months, and after a few days these
eggs hatch into Bmall worms which ,
feed upon the grass. The worms cast
off their skin from time to time to ac
commodate their increase in size, and
during the) cooler weather of winter
go deeper in the ground, being dormant
ior a time if the weather is very cold.
Upon the aDnrnaoh of snrinir tha
worms come forth for a finishing touch
Of growth and soon form nnnae in th
ground just below the surface. Some
time after this the moths are produced,
and, after mating, the. females lay the
eggs for another brood. With most
speoies there is thus but one brood a
year. Most farmers are beginning to.
realise the many advantages of fall
Plowing, and Where and land esnepial-
ly is plowed in the fall it will greatly
lessen the number of cut worms and
other insects on such land the. follow
ing spring. A good remedy for killing
out cue cut worms In the garden is to
make ud a mixture consisting of a
Quantity of bran or corn meal moist
ened with water, to which is added a '
little Paris green and a little molasses. i
or sugar, to give a sweetish taste. It
is tne raris green that kills the worms,
and this should be very thoroughly
mixed with the bran, so aa to have a
uniform mixture. A spoonful' of this
mixture should be placed near the
plants just before night on tha dav the-
plants are set out. The cut worms
worn at nignt and will be killed bv
eating of the Doisoned mixture. It ia
much better, however, to place the
mixture about in various part of a field
a few days before Dlantine. as it will
then kill off the worms before any
damage is done. H. E. Weed,
Entomologist Mississippi Experiment
station, Agricultural College, Miss.
Origin of the Cabbage.
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is one ol
the vegetables brought into use at an
early day, and although not so indis
pensable as the potato, is nevertheless
an esculent highly esteemed and hat
assumed an importance that gives it a
prominent position, not only In the
horticultural catalogue, but also in es
timating the productions of our coun
try. I have no statistics by which to
estimate its value in this country, but
when we learn that in London about
one hundred million heads are annual
ly sold, whioh, at five cents a head,
would amount to 15,000,000 we may be
prepared to estimate the amount
raised in Illinois at a sum worthy ot
being taking into consideration in es
timating the value of our productions.
Just when and where it was first
brought into use it is not possible to
state now with certainty. A compara
tively recent article in Hardwicke's
Science Gossip says that the plant from
which the varieties in use in England
originated is to be found along the
southeast seacoast of England. But it
is certain that some ot the varieties
were early in use on the western side
of the continent; also 'that kales or
coleworts of some kind were long In '
use in Greece and Rome, as they are
frequently mentioned by Greek and
Roman writers and even directions
given for their cultivation. It is also
certain that various species of Bras
sica are found in different parts ot
the world. Cyrus Thomas. '
Chinch Bug Llkea Flat Land.
It is a plain inhabiting insect, but It
may inhabit very limited, flat areas, in
terspersed among more broken and ele
vated areas. As illustrating this habit in
Ohio, it may be stated that in 1894, it
was found quite abundant in Cham
paign, Logan and Hardin counties, with
its greatest abundance in the latter and
Wyandot county to the northeast, the
two latter being of a more level topo
graphy than the two former. This is
fully illustrated by maps in Bulletin 69,
of the Ohio Exp. Station. In 1895, the
area of greatest abundance included
only Wyandot and a portion of Hardin
counties, Champaign suffering little,
while to the south in Green and Clark
counties, where, in 1894, it had been
found sparingly, it did not occur in
abundance at all, thus showing that It
had drifted to the lower and flatter
lands to the east, except in Wyandot
and a portion of Hardin, where these
conditions already obtained, and over
run a wide range of practically flat
country having a clay soil. A portion
of the Btate laying to the west and north
west of Lake Erie, being the ancient.
bed of the preglaclal lake, and the soil
sandy instead of clayey, was little if at
all infested, whereas, the flat clay lands
to the south and west were, in some
localities literally overrun with these
Insects. Ohio Bulletin,''
Ripans Tabules: ene gives relief.