June 25, 1896. 2 THE NEBRASKA INDEPENDENT. ENGLISH INTEREST. THAT IS WHAT THE GOLD STAND ARD IN AMERICA IS FOR. Xhw are the Last Words of the Gieat Scholar, Cernuscbl. Groat honors were paid to the memory of Cernuschi the other day when most of the scientists, scholars and philosophers of Europe and America vied with each other in paying homage to his learning and scholarship. He was the first to give to the recorded, uncontested facts of historic bimetallism prior to 1873, a sci entific theory, and to this theory in all modern languages its appropriate name: His last words were spoken at Mentone on the 28th of last April, after the state ments of the British chancellor to the house of commons. Upon this occasion M.Cerunschisaid: "If I were a citizen of the United Mates, and were convinced that Europe, by reason of England's attitude, is fixedly hostile to the establishment of a stable monetary parity between gold and silver, obstinately rejecting all ideas ol interna- tional bimetallic agreement, tnen 1 snouiu pmm to be an international bimetal- list which nearlj all of my friends in the United States are and should go over unhesitatingly to the camp of the silver men. "As a matter of fact, in this present economic situation, the United States of America, that great youthful nation, suf fers much more irom tne merciless cuu flier, that has been in progress between o-old and silver Bince 1873.than Eugland, a verv wealthy country, creditor of the rest of the world, possessing resources of everv kind and enormous financial re serves, which enable her to endure with comparative ease the economic compe tition of those nations whose monetary standard is depreciated in regard to gold, like the countries of the far east, Mexico, the Argentine Republic, etc. "The United States of America, on the contrary, are debtors to Europe for a portion of the sums which tbey have em ployed in tne aeveiopemenr 01 uieir in dustrial system, aud must necessarily liquidate their debts abroad by realizing upon the products 01 meir boh am their manufacturers. "Now. as these foreign debts are, on the one hand, contracted in gold, and as, on the other, American products of Eu rope have to reckon with the depressing competition of similar products exported by countries having a silver standard or paper money, it follows that the appre ciation of gold, in regard to silver, that has taken place since 1873, has had a twofold result for the United States- which have remained faithful to the single gold standard since that date namely: (1) It has diminished by half, on American territory, the value in gold of all the national products which are subject to the said competition; and (2) it has doubled the real burden of the debts contracted abroad in gold, since double the quantity of American pro: ducts is now required to discharge the annual liabilities arising from those debts. "The native products of England have evidently felt the depressing influence of the same competition with similar pro ducts from countries whose monetary standard has been depreciated in regard to gold; and in this respect English agri culturalists and manufacturers are pre judicially affected in the same way as the agriculturalists and manufacturers of the Uuited States. For this reason an understanding between the two coun tries lookinir to the re-establishment of the equilibrium between the monetary standards and the maintainance ot a stable parity of exchange for the future, was logical, reasonable and desirable for the world at large. "But if the iuterestsof English agri culturalists and manufacturers are se riously affected by the competition of countries having a depreciated monetary standard, the exterior finances of the United Kingdom do not suffer thereby, since Eugland has no debts contracted abroad, and. in this respect at least, the Ensrlish escape that particular evil from which the finances of the United States of A mrica suffer so cruelly. ' Furthermore, England being a large creditor of foreiirn countries, the London bankers can argue as Sir William Har- court did in so categorical a manner in his sneecu of the 17th of March last in the house of commons that the English capitalists recover, by the increased pur chasing power of the cold due them from abroad, the amount which, owing to the fall in the gold price of products import ed into England by debtor countries, is lost bv the agriculturalists and manu facturers of the United Kingdom. - "Is that the case with the United States of America? No, most assuredly not. for they are debtors in gold to for eign countries, and it is with the pro ceeds of these same products, the gold prices of which have been depreciated by the competition of silver-standard or paper money countries, they are obliged to pay their foreign debts. "Therefore, the present monetary sit uation in the United States is doubly un favorable to the economic interests of that great nation, since, owing to the state of affairs now obtaining, the gold stondard countries of Europe, and par ticularly the manufacturing countries like England, find it enormously advan tageous to purchase their raw materials in those countries whose standard is de preciated with regard to gold, like the Asiatic countries, Russia, or the Argen tine Republic, and, on the other hand, to sell their manufactured products in the American market, where they are paid for it in gold currency. ' "Tha present monetary policy of the United States is consequently very ad vantageous to the interests of England, a monometallic country, but it is utterly ruinous as regards the foreign financial relations of the United States, and es pecially for its native producers. ' "This is why, inasmuch as England's attitude presents the realization of in ternational bimetallism, and condemns one half of the world to gold monomet allism, and the other half to silver mon ometallism, I would not hesitate, were I a citizen of the United States, to become I, Cerunschi, the father of internation al bimetallism, as I am everywhere called a silver-monometalliet. Oh! Omnipotent Tower whom men call God! Above all doubt and incom prehensibilities. Thou must be if Thou ........ r, f rrt art not. Oh! rather supreme, 11 inou didst not make this world as a cruel jest have mercy on it, Thou seest the pitiful condition; Thou seest the just impover ished. and the wicked triumphant. Ihou seest honesty profitless, and crime profit able. Goodness grovels in tne moo, while evil rolls id affluence. Across the ocean Thou spest three continents groan ing under the weight of kings, courts, aristocracies and staad'ng armies; and this side another continent evolving these horrors out of the breast of liberty. Thou seest rotten and hollow hearts in high places aud the humble overwhelmed with ignorance, superstition and want. The lives Thou givest to men are wasted contending against adverse conditions and millions die, doubting and denying thee. The minds of the few perceive what is needed to be done but they are chained down by the thoughtless and selfish ot the multitude. Ihe crust is small in the mouth of the toiler, while he who toils not has a hundred times more than he can consume. From the inexpressible distance of lhy central throne, Oh! Lord God Almighty, look down with mercy on this pitilul world given over to the domination of ten thousand devils, iieip tne worn 01 thy own hands. Let the good thoughts that come from Ihee bo not dreams out deeds. Lift up the people Oh Lord! ipe out injustice in all the World. Let Thy kingdom come on earth as it is in heaven. Help us Oh! Lord, help us! Let our prayers rise, like screams of pain and rouse Thee on the white throne of the central universe. Do not make us and then, forget us; Oh! Lord God. Amen. If the enclosed is not suitable lor pub lication drop it in your waste basket. I take Christ as the true principle to gov ern men's lives and I Would like to make this one suggestion to all men that pray Let Toy kingdom come on earth as it is in heaven and then let us so conduct our selves that we may hope to realize the conditions prayed for. So if the brother that suggested we pray will oner a prayer every day at 12 o'clock I will do the same and invite all men that fear God to joiu us. I remain yours in Christ, w. li. CRANE. Wife Wanted. Maid or widow; age about forty; a country lady is my choice; onewithhome and plenty and room in that home for the husband she loves and no other; 1 have but little property; temperate, use no tobacco; good standing in church and society; weight 135 pounds; love wife and home; can give the best of reference; please don't correspond for fun. W. F. I., Fremont, Neb. KILL OFF THE OLD GUARD. They Have all Turned and Traitors. Plutocrats The New Recruits are the Only Ones Who are "True Populists." r -j m 'aa 1 a m mm t Low Special Summer Plates. "Write For Oettalogxie, Address Lincoln, Mention "NEBRASKA INDEPENDENT." WebT NO WILLING WORKER IDLE. Senator Job nP Jones Closed His Won derful Speech of 1893 with These Beautiful Words. What an enormous stimulus to intel lectual and moral growth to thedevel opement and unfolding of the spiritual nature of man, would be a civilization in which no willing worker should ever be idle, in which all would be assured, by uninterrupted employment, of the com forts of life, and which hunger and cold would not benumb alike the body and the soul. We may not see this imme diately, Mr. President, but with the growth of intelligence and strength among the masses of the people, and in spite of the opposition and cupidity of the creditor classes, the result will be achieved by an intelligent monetary sys tem scientifically adjusted in quantity to the increase of population and de mand. The flow of time in its irresist able current is carrying us rapidly to the goal. It is for want of such a system that the deBtiny of man is retarded, his control over nature belated, the fruition of his hopes postponed. The day ot the nations bear no trace Of all the sunshine bo far foretold; Thetnnon speaks in the teacher's place; The age is weary with work and gold. And hlKh hopes wither and memories wane, On hearths and altars the fires are dead, But the brave faith hath not lived in vain; And this Is all that the watcher said. Say, brother populist editor; you who devote most of your space in trying to belittle and kill off leading men of our party, did you ever stop to think what you would accomplish could you succeed in your effort? What benefit would it be to you or to your party to relegate to the rear or expel from the party such men as lauoenecu, uavis, uonneny, That Day of Prayer. Steels City, Neb., June 15, 1896. Editor Independent: I see that one brother suggests that we set apartat day to intercede with God in prayer for suc cess. I offer the following prayer taken from one of our mostl talented writers: . I . Allen, Kyle, Holcomb, Butler, Watson, Leo Vincent, Brown, Ashby, Bentley, Bradley, Edgerton, Tibbies, Rozelle, An derson, Robb.Uoe.Cole.and others of their views? Do you think the party would be strengthened any thereby? Doyou really think reform would come any sooner without their assistance than with it? Do you honestly believe that you would have done the cause a good turn by hav ing resorted to misleading argument and cut off their influence and ability to go on converting the politically ignorant to a realization of what's the matter and how to remedy it? Most of these men whom you so persistently misquote and misrepresent; whom you make say, do and intend things that they would not stoop to, are men who helped to found the party. They have spent years in preaching and teaching the very same ideas, policies and principles as they are teaching now. Tbey were in the movement before many of their traduc ers ever dreamed of leaving their old party. They are just as earnest and as consistant now as they ever were. They are advocating the very methods the ad vocacy of which converted you, and yet you presume to brand them traitors and bosses. There is no use' to deny that you do it unjustly, for in order to carry your point you repeatedly charge them with saying things they never said and when they flat-footedly contradict you and positively assert their position you deliberately misquote them or say thev lie. that they favor no such thing. Now these are facts, and we should like to know why it is so. It cannot be that all of vou. for there are about thirty of you, want to be made national chairman. We are aware that at least four of you aspire to that position, but wherefore account for the other twenty-six? Two others we have spotted, but that still leaves twenty-four unaccounted for. Some of them are merging into radical socialists and the radical socialists have lost all hope of securing relief through the ballot box. They think there can be no change for the better until the masses are cround down to a rrench revolution point and then they will rise up and wipe each other off the face of the earth in a bloody carnage and on the rums may be built a pure government, tor this rea' son they favor a cold standard on the theory that it will hasten the grinding procesB and hurry up the bloody con Met, and that their only mission now is to talk and dream of the imaginary Utopia that is to come after we are all killed off by brute ignorance. Do you fancy the picture, readerr Is that your idea of reform? Don t you think 'twould be better to make another intelligent effort to at least secure a partial refor mation by the ballot? Well if we are to do this we must be politicians. Not nec essarily corrupt, unscrupulous, spoils seeking politicians, but at least sensible politicians. We must make an Intelli gent, honorable effort to get the produc ing classes to vote together. Farmers Tribune. ) Morton's Ninety-Eight Million Lie. Some one must have put a plaster over J. Sterling Morton's mouth, for he hasn't put out an interview for five days. One of his latest was noticed by a gentleman in Pennsylvania who writes the Phila delphia American as follows: I notice in this morning's issue of the organ of the Drexel Co., bankers, other wise called the Public Ledger, an inter view purporting to be given by the Hon. J. Sterling Morton U. S. secretary of ag riculture, and in which the following statement is made "and right there in San Francisco, where they have more than a hundred millions of gold coin in the vaults of their banks, where deposits are paid in gold by specific contract, and where greenbacks have never been good enough for them, the people are crying for 50 cent silver dollars." As the entire amount of gold coin held by all banks in the United States (na tional and other,) according to the last report of the comptroller of thecurrency, amounted on July 11th, 1895 to only $127,621,099, it is manifestly impossi ble that the banks of San Francisco could hold 100 millions. The truth is, upon the authority of the comptroller, that the San Francisco banks held on September 28th, 1895 (aud they have not materially increased the amount since,) in gold coin $1,686,485. , The Hon. Secretary is in error just $98,313, 515. The word of Mr. Morton might be of value as to the number of grains of corn upon a cob, but after making such a ridiculously false statement he should forever hold his peace upon the silver question and retire to his farm. Very truly yours, ... Gubtavus Harkness. Pottstown, Pa., June 3d, 1896. Crete Chautauqua. The Crete Chautauqua, July 3d to 15th, presents attractions which should captivate the most fastidious. A super ior collection of teachers, lecturers, ex positors and musicians it would be diffi cult to find. As a pulpit and platform orator Dr. Gunsaulus has few equals and no superiors. Dr. Scott excels as a pul pit orator and as a teacher and exposi tor of modern biblical thought. Prof. Graham Taylor, who has won universal commendation at former assemblies, will deliver a course of lectures on social economics, and Mrs. Mary H. Ford, of Chicago, who has won a reputation as one of the most popular speakers of the great city, lectures daily throughout the assembly, and will give the Woman's Club day address July 11th. Miss Myr tis Childs Chandler, soprano soloist, who delighted her hearers last year, returns again, and also Miss Marian A. Treat, in the same role. The Slayton Jubilee Singers (colored), who sang before a $10,000 house at the Chicago Auditor ium, and who captivate the people wher ever tbey go, will be at the assembly an entire week. Prof. Favour, with his startling electrical experiments, McDon ald with his fun, and other eminent peo ple will appear upon the platform. Write for program to Geo. V. Bald win, secretary, Crete, Neb. Short Stories for July Among the original contributions to the July number of short stories is a pretty version, by Max Steinle, of the love etdry so quaintly pictured on willow-ware china, while the clearness of the illustrations by Charles Lederer add not a little to the interest of the tale. "A Mesmeric Feat" by W. J. Morgan is al so a good bit of, work and tells of a theatrical manager's discomfiture at the hands of his company aided by a play wright anxious for an appearance. In the story called"The Evil Eye" FritzRoy Dixon describes the island of Ceylon in the days of the Portugese Colonists and tells of the sad fate that overtook the beautiful daughter of one of its gover nors. Besides those already mentioned there are entertaining stories by Fran cois Coppee, Max Pemberton, W. W. Jacobs, Potapenko, J. H. Rosny and others. The Current Literature Publish ing Company, 52-51 Lafayette Place, New York. , For The National Convention Peo ple's Party, at St. Louis, July22d. The Wabash, the shortest and quickest route from Omaha and Kansas City, with its superb trains of reclining chair cars Iree, and Pullman sleeping cars, has been selected as the route to travel for Nebraska delegates and their friends. All connecting lines will sell tickets at half fare. Parties desiring through cars or sleeping car accommodations, can ar range for same by addressing J. A. Edgerton, Chairman, F. D. Eager, Sec'y, , State Central Committee. G. N. Clayton, N.W.P, Agt. Wabash R.R., 3t5 Omaha, Nebraska. THE OFFICIAL BADGE. t The above cut represents without donbt the most popular free coinage badge. The upper or smaller piece represents a gold dollar in color and size, the larger is the color and exact size of a silver dol lar. It is a quick seller. Send 25 cenrj for sample. Agents wanted in every county and town in Nebraska. Liberal terms. Write at once to the Official Badge Co. 1122 M. St., Lincoln, Neb. Cuming County Convention. Wisner, Neb,, June 18, 1896. Editor Independent: Will you please state in the Independent that the pop ulist county covention for this, Cuming county will be held at Beemer on Satur day the 11th day of July 1896 at 2 p.m. I hope you will be good enough to insert it, for you know we have no populist pa per in this county. e wish to have a good, well attended convention and if you will help us a little I think we will succeed. 1 I take this opportunity to compliment you on the way you are running the state paper. As a populist editoryou are a success and the people of this.yourhome county, are proud of you. Keep right at it. lour teachings together with the lessons taught by 12 cent corn and 10 cent oats will surely open the eyes of all those not wilfully blind, fraternally yours, loiiis uewai.d, Member state. Central Committee. The Despot Reed. Probably the people do not clearly comprehend that the speaker of the house does not recognize the member who first rises to address the house, but prepares a list and makes a promise as to whom he will recognize before conven ing the house. A member is often recog nized while in his seat, with many others upon their feet clamoring for recogni tion. In unanimous consent legislation he insists on examining the measure a member proposes to bring up, and if it does not suit his particular views he re fuses to recognize him for any purpose will not even ask the house 11 it will give unanimous consent to consider such a measure, even though the house is idle. Enclose a stamp to any agent of the LJfickel Plate road for an elaborately il lustrated art souvenir, entitled "bum mer Outings." Address J. Y. Calahan, Gen'l Agent, 111 Adams St., Chicago, 111. l-4t Worth Having. Read our offer on another page. "The Modern Doctor" is a book that should be in every home. A year's subscriptioa to the Independent and this excellent book for $1.75. Summur Trips at Reduced Bates . The Northwestern line is now selling Jickets at reduced round trip rates to many tourist points in the western .north ern and northeastern states ana Canada. Any one designing a summen trip would do well to secure our figures before pur chasing tickets elsewhere. The Result of Despotism. Czar Reed limited the discussion on the Venezuelan boundary issue to one hour, the bond bill one hour and forty min utes, the tariff bill the same length of time, the river and harbor bill, providing for the expenditure ot $70,OUU,t)UU, lorty minutes debate, on the plea that con- cress was not a debating society, and that the time could not be spared for discussion. Reed has overthrown our form of government, with the sauctionof the republican party, will you vote lor despotism? Work That Counts. The Nebraska Independent is a grand newspaper and the kind of work it is doing for the populist party in Ne braska is the kind that counts. It has no use for Gen. Paul A anDerVoort or any other traitor to the people's cause. It does not spread discord nor does it intimate that our leaders are in, the movement of reform for revenue only. Indianola, Courier. Mow Stand By It. Now, the populists are willing to con cede to the democrats two managers of their own selection at each box. We ask one of our own selection. We promise to select only men known to be intelli gent, upright. Christian gentlemen. If we are not allowed this, what does it mean? It means simply that our op ponents propose to steal the electiou, and by the eternal 3od who created us, we do not propose to submit to that Tuskaloosa (Ala.) Journal, Bicjole for Sale. - n entirely new bicycle for sale. A wheel that retails everywhere at $90.00. Our price $50. Call and see it before buying, or address the Independent Fub. Co., 1122 M St.. Lincoln, Neb. Do Both. A populist writes to the Nebraska In dependent and suggests that "all pop ulists go to praying for a free Bilver vic tory this fall." Editor George Weir of the Central City Democrat wisely amends by suggesting that they would better "co to voting, and make their votes count." World-Herald. Weaver In Idaho. General Weaver made several speeches in Idaho, enroute to Iowa, after the Ose gon campaign. 1 Biliousness Is caused by torpid liver, which prevents diges tion and permits food to ferment and putrify in the stomach. Then follow dizziness, headache, Pills Insoniina, nervousness, and, it not relieved, bilious fever or blood poisoning. Hood's Fills stimulate the stomach, rouse the liver, cure headache, dizziness, con stipation, etc. 25 cents, sold ny aiftarv)(rpists. Tbeouly Fills to take with Hoods Sifsaparilla. Why Kern Was Mad. Mr. Kern of Nebraska tried for three months to get recognition to ask the house to consider a bill to allow the state of Nebraska to use an old abandoned military reservation for normal school purposes. The speaker informed him that he had not made up nis minu mm any such bill should be allowed to pass, and therefore would not permit it to be submitted to the house. Denver News. Changed Their Mind. Ferhaps it has already occurred to some of the business men of Omaha, who in 1893 protested so vigorously against Allen's election as senatar, that this is a mighty good time to rejoice that their valiant enorts were wunout. success. Then these business men wanted "an Omaha man." but now they have prob nhlv concluded that Senator Allen is a pretty good "Omaha man" himself. World-Herald. , Rheumatism. Sufferers need suffer no longer. I will send to any one the formula for a com plete cure of this painful disease, the in eredients of which can be procured at any drug store for a trfR Send 11.00 in stamps or I O. money order. Address. C. M. Mackintosh. Room 4 McVickcr's Theatre Bldg. 49-13. Chicago, 111. SOUTH ONI WAV TIOKSTS " BOLD At H Cents a Mile LOUISVILLB NABH VILLI R. . To individuals on the First Tuesday, and to parties of seven'br more on the Third Tuesday of each .month, to nearly all points in the South ; and on special dates Excursion Tickets are sold at a litile more than One Fare for the round trip. For full information write to I. L HUGELY, 5. . Pass. Agent, CMcago, VL C. P. AMOK, Gea'lPass. ah.. Louisville, U. SENT FREE. Write for County Map of the South to either of the above named trentlemen, or to P. Sid Jones, Pass. Ageat, in charge of Immigration, Birmingham, Ala. A Few Finanaial Facts. This excellent book by S. S. King con tains 60 illustrative diagrams showing clearly the misfortunes that have come to the people, the causes that produce them and the remedy that will remove them. A large number of copies have been furnished to the Nebraska Silver League which they will sell in order to raise money for postage at one half the regular price. Send 25 cents and get two copies. Address Secretary of silvef league, 1122 M street, Lincoln, Nebras ka. . Do You Want to Save Money and Time? Then take the new flier leaving Lincoln daily at 3:20 p. m. via the Missouri Pa cific when you go east. Several hours saved to St. Louis, Washington, Cincin nati, New York and all eastern points and southern. Close connections made with all lines in New St Louis Union Sta tion, the most costly and magnificent depot in the world. For further infor mation call at city ticket office 120 a street. F. D. Cornell, C. P. & T. A. . Cheap Bates for All Kinds of Poople. If you want to travel cheap note the following round trip excursions at half rates this summer via the Northwestern line: June 12 and July 3, to Hot Springs, S.D. June 14 and 15 and July 5 and 6, to Denver, Col. June 15, 16, 23 and 24, to San Fran cisco. Juiy 4, 5 and 6, to Chicago. July 4 and 5, to Buffalo, N. E. A. July 2, 3, 4, 5, to Washington, D. C. July 14, 15, 16, to Milwaukee, Wis. Get tickets at city ticket office, 117 S. 10th St., Lincoln, Neb. Missouri Pacifio Half-rate Excursions San Francisco June 15, 16, 23 and 24. Washington, D. C, July 2, 3, 4 and 5. Buffalo, N. Y., July 4 and 5. Only one fare for round trip. Remem ber that our new fast train leaving Lin coln at 3:20 p. m. makes the quickest time to all eastern points, t all intorraa tion at city ticket office, 1201 O street. F. D. COHNELL, C. r. & T. A. Populist Han d Book . We have 011 hand a few copies of Mr, Edeerton's Populist Hand Book, for 1895, which gives an account of the frauds in state institutions; legislative extravagance, Governor Holcomb s mes sage, facts on the silver question, etc.. etc. bena5 cents for single copy or 20 cents for six copies. Independent Pub lishing Co., 1122 M street, Lincoln, Neb Hints to Tourists Where to go and what it Costs. Is the subject of a little pamphlet pub lished by the Northwestern line giving a large amount of information regarding the lake regions ol Minnesota and V is consin. For a copy address city ticket agent, 117 So. 10th St., Lincoln, Ne braska. It is Just Wonderful The time the Union Pacifio "Overlaid" rBT mail No. 3 makes to Ogdek, Salt Lake, butto, Helena, Portland, Seattle' Ban Francisco and Los Angeles. Tuts Daily Meteor has the finest eqnipment consisting of Pullman ralace and Upbol- tered Tourist Sleepers, Free Reclining Chair Cars, and Diner. For full informa tion call on or address . B. Slosson, General Agent, 1044 O St, or J. T. Mas tin, C. T. A. , People who wish to goto Buffalo to at tend the N. E. A. Convention, who want fast time, the most excellent train ser vice and superior accomodations, will do well to consider the Nickel Plate Road before purchasing tickets. A fare of f 12.00 for the round trip will apply with f 2.00 added for membership fee. Tickets will be on sale July 5th and 6th with liberal return limit and with privilege of stop-over at Chautaqua Lake. Addi tional information cneertuiiy given oik application to J. Y. Calahan, Gen t Agent, 111 Adams St., tnicago. in. ' 8 S - 5s i S 2 1 S 0 0 sit fl!k s s a s j r: al S S B Si- 4 a 1 h grl ia r5 J. 6J l2 tar w u c 8 I IS 0 sSs-g M - k 1 "y "We Have The Tariff Yet.1 The g. o. p. will soon be grinding protection on every nana organ, aJ response it will be oppopriate to "We Have the Tariff Yet," "That HoV T 1 1 If i T 1 : a : ' tt v f-1 uiinui. a ruiiuumu rjere inn iW'i. "The March of the Workers," "God Sav the People," Etc., Etc., Etc Send t4 this office for the new popular song boot which contains these and abont seventh five more. See elsewhere our ad of Ail tnageddon. 1 A 2 fl it