I) "t vol. vn. SO MOVES THE WORLD. More lively scrimmaging in '"Cuba re ported. A $250,000 fire occurred last wek in Council Bluffs, la. Lombard & Ayers, a big Wall Street firm failed Saturday. Japan is begining to get a foothold for her manufactures in America. The next Republican convention will be held at St. Louis June 16, 1896. The next Prohibition convention will be held at Pittsburg, Pa., May 26. Samuel Gompers was elected president of the American Federation of Labor last week. John D. Rockefeller has ordered eight a - -1 i i...:u f nnA 4 Iwi new sieei vessels uuiiu iuj udd uu great lakes. Ex-Congressman McKeighan died sud denly last Sunday morning. He had been sick a week. It is reported that over 200 people had their pockets picked at Governor Brad ley's inauguration at Frankfort. The flour trust has been reorganized. All the products of the Northwestern mills will be sold through one office. -A woman in Texas owns 1,200,000 acres of land and from her palace door it is 13 miles to the gate of her grounds. Texas will have five parties in the field next year. Two varieties of Republicans, two sorts of Democrats and one Popu list. The Populists will surely win. The reign of terror in Turkey still con tinues. In the Van province 200villages lnnn hiuin y4no4-w-iTTiH o ti i Kft OHO nortnla are fleeing for their lives to the city of .Van. ' The Santa Fe R. R., was sold last week for $60,000,000. It has beea valued at $350,000,000. In this way the invest ments of small stockholders are absorbed bv the biff ones. ' " Congressman Barrett last week intro duced a resolution in the House severely censuring Ambassador Bayard for his speech at Glasgow. It led to a heated partisan debate. , The great ship-building strike which agitated Great Britain is ended. The men have won. They will get a shilling ad vance immediately and another shilling advance in February. American cheese has been selling in the English market during the last year for $2.17 per hundred pounds, an unpreced ntly low price, that, it would seem, dairymen could not live on. Judge Thomas L. Nugent of Texas, the Populist leader, is dead. He was one of the ablest and strongest leaders in the Populist party. In 1894 he received 180,000 Populist votes for governor. The new fast Empire State Express, running on the New York Central, is the fastest long distance regular train in the world, its time between New York and Buffalo being 495 minutes, or 53.33 miles an hour. A train returning from the inaugural of Bradley, Republican governor of Ken tucky, was fired on at Eminence. About thirty shots were fired and the car win. dows were shattered, but the passengers saved themselves by falling on the floor. Prof. Archibald Geikie. Director-Gene ral of the Geological Survey of the United r.vliikdom and author of many important works on geology and kindred subjects, is coming to America very shortly on a lecturing tour. Kufus II. Peckham is the new Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court, to take the place of Judge Jackson, deceased. His appointment was confirmed by the Sen ate Dec. 9. He is a New York man, ond New York men are not friends of the masses, generally speaking. The Socialists in the German Reich atadt are commanding attention and stirring up the autocratic powers. Herr Bebel spoke with great force and fervor against the existing order of things last week. Herr Liebknecht will speak this week on "Socialist Baiting," and a great sensation is expected. A gold bearing vein of quartz has been struck near Alma in Furnas county Neb raskaand considerableexcitement exists. The ore assays $0.00 a ton at the grass roots, and it is believed will grow richer as they go down. A shaft is being sunk and options have been secured on all the mining land around. Miss Helen Culver has given a million aoiiara to tne unicngo university ot tni cago, and John D. Rockefeller has match ed it with another million. The Stand ard Oil king of the brigands also prom ises up to $2,000,000 more, on or be fore Jan. 1, 189G, on condition that equal sums shall be secured from others who have not yet promised gifts. There is great excitement in 'the newly Hundgold fieldsat Alma, Nebraska. The contract was let last Saturday for the Piking of a shaft, which will soon settle tl) matter of the value of the gold vein v.scovered. 1 he region was thronged with neonle nnt Snndivv. Old mininc experts say the prospect of an immenese una is goou. - Dr. Madden. Eve. Ear. N OS A And tThroat diseases, over Rock Island ficiset omce, s. w. cor, 11 and O streets. ynas- ,"4Turateiy aflj usted. The President's Message To be sure there are two ways of look ingat these government affairs. One that this is a government for the people and of the people. The other that it is a tern' porary organization, to be made perm an ently monarchical at the earliest possible date, something in which the whole peo ple shall turn the fruits of their toil over to a few of the sharpest and boldest. If the latter definition is correct and the wooden shoe and corded blouse shall crowd aside the banner of the free then Cleveland's message is a matter of glory and admiration. But to those who both understand the situation and love their country for its traditions of liberty and equality the message stirs their blood with as much violence, and arouses as much indigiia tion as any creed Jeff Davis or Valland' ingham ever delivered on the constitu tion. In it is just as much misrepresen tation, as much sophistry, as much trea son to tne people. With the most shameless effrontery he attempts to sho v up to foreign nations that our country stands in imminent peril, that our finances are in a deplor able condition. "By careless, easy des cent we have reached a dangerous depth,' he says, and if there were any defects he exposes them not to correct them but to gain an advantage to plunder the people again for the benefit bf bis alien bond buying friends. These men who specu late at the expense of tne United states are plainly his clients, and to him his clients are everything, his country is nothing. Had he been the attorney of a slaveholder in 'CO he could not have advertised his disloyalty to the union more clearly or accurately. ; He again has reiterated the statement that the revenues of the government would not help matters, he would be still compeled to issue bonds. The law under his "liberal interpretation" of. parity compels the treasury to maintain $100, 000,000 of gold in the treasury and to pay gold for greenbacks or silver certifi cates whenever the bankers want him to. Neither are true. There is no law other than a precedent established by John Sherman when treasurer to maintain a separate fund of gold in the treasury. The law, the same as in France, says "coin" in the matter of redemption, and Cleveland could pay out silver when to the advantage of the United States the same as France pays it out when the treasury suspects the gold is wanted for export. To be sure these acts are not so plainly drawn as during Buchanan's time, the issue is not so tangible, but tbeeffects are more far reaching. Then only a few states and the enslavement of four mill ion uneducated half civilized people only were in the balance, now sixty millions must feel the hand of the oppressor, tak ing in the best blood of the earth, the most enterprising and promising people the world ever saw. Joliet (III.) News. MR. LLOYD TO PROP, LACGHL1N The Standard Oil Company and the Professor's Political Economy The following open letter to Professor Laughlin, of the University of Chicago, from Henry D. Lloyd, has been given to the press: "Chicago, Ill.,Nov.9. Professor Laugh lin, University of Chicago: You are re ported in the press to have said at a public meeting Nov. 5, in Kent Hall, Uni versity of Chicago, to the students and others present; that whatever might be charged against one of the founders of the oil monopoly, no one could say that he had accumulated his millions in any way that interfered with the accumula tions of others. In 1885 the Supreme Court of Ohio found, as reported in volume 43 of the Ohio State Reports, that the monopoly had a freight con tract with the Lake Shore Railroad 'to keep the price down for the favored cus tomers and up for. all others,' and the court said 'the inevitable tendency and effect of this contract was to enable' this company 'to ruin all other operators and drive them out of business,' and tne court annulled thecontract as 'unlawful.' With the help of such unlawful contracts the capital of the oil monopoly has in creased in thirty years from nothing to hundreds of millions of dollars. "If this were not a public matter you would not have discussed it at a public meeting. Allow me therefore to ask a question of you, as the head of one of the most important departments of political economy in the country. If this way of accumulating millions by the help of un lawful contracts to ruin all other opera tors is not an interference with the accu mulations ofothers, what is the 'scienti fic' name for it, and for the kind of poli tical economy which commends it for imitation to the young men and women of the country?" Henry D. Lloyd, in Inter-Oceun Nov. 10, 1895. Holiday Excursion Kates via the Burlington. On Dec. 24 and 25, and also on Dec. 31 and January 1, 189G, the Burlington will sell Round Trip Excursion Tickets at one and one-third fare to points not over 200 miles distant on its own lines. All tickets irood for return until January 1, 1896. For further information and tickets apply at B. & M. depot or city office, cor 10th and 0 St. G. W. Bonnell, C. P. & T. A. LINCOLN, NEB., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 19, 1895. So-called Representative Legislation Does Not Represent THE BETTER SWISS METHOD Address Delivered by Eltweed Pomeroy, Secretary of the Direct Legislation League of New Jersey, Dec. 4, 1895 Delivered Before the N. J. Orange A century ago Virginia was known as the most aristocratic State in the Union, and preeminent among the F. F. V.'s First Families of Virginia were the Lees whose fine old plantation at Arlington, opposite Washington, is now a national cemetery. They have produced many men of character and ability, but the most prominent in revolutionary times, as well as one of the noblest, was Richard Henry Lee. It showed the clearness of his insight and the strength of his character that, going contrary to his breeding and the tendency of , the class to which he be longed, he should have been one of the most democratic men . of f his time. Though a member of the Constitutional Convention, he opposed the adoption of the Constitution because it was not dem ocratic enough. Of the 55 men who attended this Con vention, 38 signed it, and 17 refused to sign it, mainly for this reason. These, with others outside opposing it, contaiu several signers of the Declaration, of. In dependence, two Presidents of the United States, several Cabinet officers, and other prominent men. Lee's main reason was that represen tation does not represent. He saw the evil, prophesied what it wouid lead to, but did not clearly see the way out. Over a century ago he said: "I have no idea that the interests, feelings and opin ions of three or four millions of people, especially as touching internal taxation, can be collected in such a House (House of Representatives.) In the nature of things, nine times out of ten, men of the elevated classes in the community only can be chosen." Notice that he says that "men of the elevated classes only can be chosen." Later on he said: "Should the United States be taxed by a House of Representatives of two hundred members still the lower and middle classes of peo ple could have no great show in the fact of taxation. I am aware it is said that the representation proposed by the new Constitution is sufficiently numerous; it may be for many purposes, but to sup pose that this branch is sufficiently nume rous to guard the rights of the people in the administration of government in which the purse and thesword are placed seems to argue that we have forgotten what the true meaning of representation is." Time has proven him right. Our mid dle classes are only partially represented in our legislatures, and the lower classes not at all. In his time, too, the elevated classes considered it an honor to serve the people. They were elected to the legislatures and city councils, and usu ally did the work well. At present a man has to go through so much political muck that few of the really elevated classes attempt it. Honest men do not attempt it. This has gone so far that the office of an Alderman and City Coun cillor is almost looked on as a disgrace. At present we have not evena govern ment by the-"elevated classes." It is maiuly a government of the people by the politicians who are in it for the money they can make from it, and so are in the pay of the corporations and so it is a government for the corpora tions. Thus the century-old words of George Mason of Virginia have come true of our law-making bodies: "In the House of Representatives there is not the sub stance, but the shadow of representa tion." These constitution builders were men of great constructive ability. What was their remedy? Alexander Contee Hanson, Chancellor of Maryland, said: "The perfection of political science consists chiefly in pro viding mutual checks among the several departments of power, preserving at the same time the dependence of the great est on the people." John Dickinson said: "It has been unanimonsly agreed by the friends of liberty that frequent elections of the re presentatives of the people are the sover eign remedy of all the grievances in a free government." Many other quotations may be given, but all their plans centered on these two methods of checks and frequent elections These methods are efficient, but not sufficient. Every one recognized that the nouse elected every two yeare, comes much nearer to truly represent the people than the Senate, whose members are chosen for six years and not directly by the people. Frequent elections do bring the representatives in closer touch with the people. But if the elections were so fre quent that the people bad complete con trol of their representatives, they would occur on every vote that those represen tatives took. This would be absurd. But the more frequent the electious, the shorter time does the representative have ia office. He cannot get acquainted with its duties till bis term is over. During the term he must manage for a re-election; be cannot attend in an efficient manner to the work that he is sent to do. This is the great advantage which the Senator ' has over the Member of the House. ' His term is so long that he can become acquainted with his work and show whether be is really an able man. Hence in proportion to thenumbennore Senators are re-elected than Members of the House. This is true also ot our municipal law-making bodies.. There are two sides to this . question of frequent elections. But even the yearly elected city councils often pass laws which the majority of the people do not want. While frequent elections may be efficient, they are not sufficient. The system of checks is good also. It is more difficult and tedious for any large interest tocontrol the law-making power Only the most powerful attempt it. But it also makes it more difficult for the people to enforce their wishes when they wish a change. The system ot checks is like the fortifications around a city. It requires a long and difficult siege to get possession of them, The smaller, roving bands of marching freebooters cannot attempt such a siege. Often an alarm may be raised by a patriotic official in Bide, and help gained before the forts are taken. But when once a powerful enemy has made this siege, and come into pos session of all or nearly all of thesechecks it is equally difficult to dislodge him. This has been the condition of New York City. The grip of Tammany, though loosened by the last election, is not yet entirety broku." But though both of these methods are, when properly used, efficient, they are not sufficient remedy for the evil, be cause, as Lee, Mason and others pointed out over a century ago, representation does not represent all classes of the com munity. . In the Senate of the Fifty-third Con gress 64, or over 70 per cent., of the 81 members, are lawyers, 6 are bankers, 10 manufacturers or merchants, 1 a doctor, 1 a farmer and 4 are classed as miscell aneous. In the House, with 346 mem bers, 246, or over 70 per cent., are law yers, 14 bankers, 21 manufacturers or merchants, 5 doctors, 25 farmers, 8 edi tors and 28 miscellaneous. According to the census of 1880, out of 17,392,000 persons with occupations, 64,000 were lawyers, or .47 of 1 per cent., and yet they numbered over 70 per cent, of the legislators. Over 18 per cent, of the people are farm laborers, and 255 per cent, are farmers and others engaged in agricultural work, making, with the laborers, 44 per cent., and they had 1 Senator and 25 members in the House, or about 1 per cent, of the legislators. Domestic laborers number 6 per cent, and other laborers over 10 per cent. How are they represented? perhaps in the miscellaneous? Nearly 10 per cent areengaged in trade and transportation. Where do they come in? The bankers number only 15,000, or .09 of 1 percent, and they have one hundred times the representation they are entitled to in the 6 bankers in the Senate and the 14 in tbe House. While there are doubtlessenough railway attorneys in both Houses to amply represent the .88 of 1 per cent, o railroad officials, where do the 236,000 railway employes come in? and the 204, 000 draymen? and the 100,000 sailors? and the 881,000 clerks? and the 120,000 bookkeepers and salesmen? These num ber over 7 per cent, of the population. Doubtless the 4S7.000 traders and the 44.000 manufacturers, numbering 3 per cent, of the population, are represented by the 10 manufacturers and merchants in the Senate and the 21 in the House. But how about therest of those engaged in manufacturing? They are nearly 22 per cent, of our working population. This is also true of our local legisla tures. During the decade from 1880 to 1890 the lawyers numbered nearly 60 per cent, of the Massachusetts Legisla tures. Of the fifteen cities producing the largest values in manufactured products, Newark, N. J., has the largest, proportion of wage-workers to population. Not one of her eleven representatives in the State Legislatures of 1894 or 1895 is a wage worker, and many of them are lawyers. This is true of foreign law-making bodies. 450,000 railroad shareholders in England have 22 Members in Parlia ment, while 380,000 railroad employees have none. 800,000 agricultural labor ers have 1, and the land-owners have 130 besides the House of Lords.- 148 law yers are M. P's., and they are fewer in proportion to the population than in this country. Ship-owners have 25 rer resentatives, and 220,000 seamen have 1. Coal mine owners have 21, and 655, 000 miners have 7. There are 15 mill owners in Pnrliamentand not one opera tive. 24 iron-masters and not one work er. This is true of all law-making bodies. Classes are not represented. One evil effect of the predominance of lawyer-legislators is the vast amount of law turned out. Over 13,000 laws were passed in 1890 by the various State and the National legislatures. New Jersey alone passed 600 of these, and many of lan code. Tbe lawyer because of his training uses a redundancy ot words. Many laws are so complicated that a large share of the time of other lawyers hired by the State, and called courts, la required to explain them. We are al most submerged with laws; we need fewer and simpler laws. Many people feel that the sessions of the legislature is an evil to be dreaded and curtailed as much as possible. This is shown by the spread of biennial sessions. Over half ot tbe state legislatures now meet only once in two yeare. Half ot the law-making is thus saved. Many of these legislators are noble, patriotic men. But the most pure-minded man cannot help being biased by his training, occupation and associates. He will see his needs clearer than the needs of those in other walks ot life. Belong ing, as most of them do, to the "elevated classes'," they do not see the needs of the workers. A representative body to be of the highest usetulness should represent all classes ot the community, and this proved under our system an impossibility Under any system, it would be at pre sent, an impossibility, as the lower class es do not yet know how to voice their needs and inspirations so as to embody them in law. f Hence representation does not represent, because large classes ot the community are entirely unrepresent ed in the law-making bodies. Secondly Nor are political parties Eroperly represented. If each party had eeu represented in the Fifty-third Con gress in proportion to the number of votes cast for that party there would have been 153 Republicans instead ot 127, 164 Democrats instead of 218, 81 Populists instead of 9, 8 Prohibitionists instead ot none. In the Fifty-fourth Con gress there would be 165 Republicans in stead of about 245, 135 Democrats in stead of 100, 44 Populists instead of 11. and 8 Prohibitionists instead of none. In the House of Assembly of New Jersey for 1894 there should be, if actual votes counted, 33 Republicans, 24 Democrats, 1 Populist, 1 Social-Labor and 1 Prohi bitionist, but instead there are 54 Repub licans and 6 Democrats. In the Essex County delegation to tbe Trenton legis lature there should be 7 Republicans and 4 Democrats, but instead there are 11 Republicans. Representation does not today properly represent our political parties. The introduction of religious and other issues into politics show very plainly that it is impossible for representation to represent our religious parties and others. to be continued. How Do People Get Rich? How do people get rich? Can a man become a millionaire by his own effort? It is an utter impossibility. A man can only become a millionaire by making use of the efforts of other people. He may inherit, or find, or receive as a gift, a million of dollars, but be can never acquire that sum by his own exertions. To acquire great wealth one must be able to use the lives ot many others; and to use them without returning the full value of their services. To put it in that way it is not pleasant to many people. To avoid the unpleasantness many me thods have been devised by which it is sought to make it appear that great wealth has come to the possessor with out any injustice to others. But whether it comes by rise in the value of real estate, or by trade, or interest, or rents, or car fares, or dividends, itcomes through the use that has been made of other people s lives, and a use which has not been paid for up to its full value. If the service had been paid for up to its full value, there would have been no pro fit out of which the wealth has grown. It has been the custom so long for one man to use another man's life for gain, as he uses a horse or a machine, that it seems right and proper. Does a man. allow another to make use of his life for profit when he is free to refuse without danger of loss and ultimate or immediate want? Wealth, then, is the unpaid part of labor, mostly involuntary labour at that. Socialist (San Francisco.) L. P. Davis, Dentist over Rock Island ticket office, cor. 11th and 0 streets, liridjje and Crown Work a specialty. It is shown by reliable statistics that the losses that swine breeders meet with through cholera are only a small per cent as compared to the losses they have in the farrowing pen, where thousands upon thousands of these animals are lost annually for want of assistance at the critical time of delivering the pigs. Nothing can be more discouraging to a breeder than to be unable to render any help and to have to simply wait until death relieves the sufferer, while by a little precaution in providing a pair of pig forceps for such emergencies one can wive many fine animals. Mr. J. N. lleim ers of Davenport, la., is manufacturer of the best instrument made for such cases. He will send all who mention this paper a iittle book on pigs free, which gives mony valuable pointers to breeders. All interested should write him at once. See ad. on page 4. Dr. Madden, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat diseases, over Rock Island ticket' office, S. W. cor. 11 and 0 streets. Glasses accurately adjusted. For California and Puget Sound points quick.get tickets 117 SqJlO. NO. 28 .1 Speaki in Boston Before the College Olne and Proclaims the ' INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY GOSPEL Its Teachings Regarding Labor and Hu man Equality The Nee Is of tbe People not Diverse All Need the Best All Is for All 'Woman's Plaoe In tbe New Society Dr. George D. Herron addressed the members and guests of the College Club at the Bellevue, Boston, Mass., yesterday afternoon on "Women and the New So-r ciety." ne said that every condition ot society was in a state of expectancy and, he was interested in finding out what , various kinds ot people were thinking about. It Is awaiting the consciousness of the larger and broader humanity and. the knowledge that we are all brothers. 1 Several principles are , getting into our minds. The new society is on the basis of : : humanity, that all , the good the world produces shall he equitably enjoy-1 ed. How this is to be procured we all. have in mind as an end. Tbe needs of t human beings are not different. We who , are here are not so finely constituted that we have needs others do not. The difference in needs, in quality and quan-: tity, always comes into the discussion of a better society. Yet the needs are alike. 1 Human needs are not diverse. Every bo- man being in the last analysis needs the 1 i. 1L. -1 J J The speaker wondered if tbe power of appreciation had been properly cultivat ed. , : Among the people ot the slums of Chi cago, Dr. Herron said he had found a better knowledge of Shakespeare and cur rent history than on the south side, where the best people live. In the picture gallery in Dresden the speaker said he had seen peasants in their wooden shoes standing before these great pictures and by their talk knew that the artist had sp6ken his message to their souls. Luxury in the intellect ends in degra dation, he said. There is no set of peo ple who need the best more than any other set. We must lay down this propo sitionThe Digger Indian needs Mendel sshon, Beethoven and even Wagner. The best the world produces through its genius isneeded by every human being in the world. Another proposition the speaker made was that any sort of honor that attaches to any work above another is a sort ot blasphemy. Service to tbe world de serves the created honor. The mnn whn PROF GEO HERRI produces something is a creator and a J oet. The servant in your kitchen who - cooks food is a creator with God, for she sustains human life and is sacred. Any sort of work that sustains human life is to be reverenced. And so our present ideas of work are barbarous and degrad ing. . That we honor one kind of work above another is a relic of our animal nature. We make the accident of clothes and creed greater than the creations of God. We worship these things more than a son or daughter of God. Any kind of honor attached to work must be done away with. It is just aa honorable to be able to make the right sort of bread as to receive in a salon or be a high literary character. It is as honorable to drive a tram car as to be a . United States senator. Sometime these distinctions we draw on account of clothes and creed will be as strange in the future as cannibalism is now. x In the last analysis no sort of work en titles a man to any more of the actual compensation than he who holds the most menial positions. The capacity of ,j realizing the ideal at any cost is in itself so great a gain that all possible gain in the world is not worth thinking about. The privilege of serving gives the high est possible reward, and the question of asking whether my service shall be paid for by higher social privileges is immoral and pagan. The great dream of human life is how the best things shall be equally enjoyed. Everywhere men are ashamed of being rich. There is coming to the world a cer tain sense of disgrace in being rich or luxurious. For me to have what my brother can not have is Cain in a new form. To have better surroundings than others is my condemnation. What is woman's work in the new so ciety? In a large sense woman is respon- Bible for luxury, and this mustbit expiat ed. Suppose you should make your ." social centers redemptive? Jesus declar ed that social benefits should be shared, but he was not givr you a cue to be a