TilE WEALTH MAKERS
Jane 13, 1895
St
MR. CARLISLE IS MISTAKEN.
Populist "Advocatmi of rr f'olnss-e" Do
Not Indorse ths I tuition Taken bv Coin.
In the course of his speech at Cov
ington, Ky., on May 20th Secretary
Carlisle said:
"The fundamental proposition of
the advocates of free coinage is that
all values are measured and all prices
are fixed and regulated by the amount
of redemption money in the country,
and that the amount of paper cur
rency, or credit money, as it is some
times called, such as bank notes, gov
ernment notes and other circulating
media, exert no Influence on the values
or prices of commodities. Having dog
matically asserted this principle, they
proceed without further argument to
the conclusion that the legal demon
etization of silver in 1873 and the legal
establishment of the gold standard of
value at that time are the causes of
the alleged decline in the prices of
commodities in this country, and then,
upon the theory that high prices for
the necessaries of life would be a bless
ing to the people, they appeal to the
consumers of agricultural and manu
factured products to unite with them
in the effort to secure the free and un
limited coinage of all the silver that
the owners of bullion may see proper
to present at the mints. Even if we
should admit the truth of their first
proposition, their conclusion that the
demonetization of silver reduced prices
is founded upon the assumption of a
fact which cannot bo established.
They have wholly failed to al
lege, much less to prove, that
silver actually constituted any
part of the redemption money
in use or in existence in this country
before or at the time of that legisla
tion. If it did not, then it is clear
that its legal demonetization did not
and could not in fact reduce the
amount of such money in this country,
and therefore cannot have reduced
prices. It is well known personally
to every gentleman in this audience
who was old enough to know what was
transpiring in 1873 that there was not
a dollar ot silver in circulation at that
date. The assumption upon which
the argument is based is diametrically
opposed to the historical and official
fact. The only metallic or redemption
money in use here at that time was
gold, which amounted to only 135,
000,000, Including what the govern
ment was usinsr, whereas we now have
about 8025,000,000 in gold.and 8307,053,
873 in full legal-teuder silver coin. If,
therefore, prices have fallen since 1&73
the decline has taken place in spite of
the fact that our full legal-tender me
tallic money has been increased until
it now amounts to more than seven
times as much as it did at that date,
and consequently the alleged decline in
prices must be attributed to some
other cause than the demonetization
of silver. These facts prove not only
that the demonetization of silver did
not reduce the amount of redemption
money in this country, but they prove
also that the fundamental proposition
of the advocates of free coinage is er
roneous and that prices are not fixed
or regulated by the amount of redemp
tion money alone, for, if so. prices
should have increased since 1873.
"Substantially, the whole argument
' for free colutijje, Btf far S3 It is .d'
dressed to the honest people of the
country, is based upon this flimsy
foundation, upon an erroneous princi
ple and a false assumption of facts.
That the amount of money in circula
tion, or available for circulation, has
more or less influence upon the price
of commodities is not disputed by any
body, but it is not the amount of
metallic or redemption money alone
that exerts influence. If all other con
ditions remain the same, if the rela
tions between supply and demand are
unchanged, if the cost of production,
transportation and financial exchanges
are stable, an increase or decrease of
the currency in circulation, or avilable
for circulation, will, to a certain ex
tent, increase or decrease prices, as the
case may be; but by the terms 'money'
and 'currency,' in this connection, I
mean every element that enters into
and is utilized in the complicated pro
cess of buying and selling in the mar'
kets for products and in the mercan
tile exchanges, whether it be gold, su
ver, bank notes, United States notes,
checks, bills, or other forms of credit,
written or unwritten. Credit of confi
dence is an element of far greater im
portance in fixing and upholding
prices than the mere amount of actual
money in use, or available for use; and,
in fact, about 05 per cent, of the entire
business of the country is trans
acted without the actual use
of metallic money, or its paper
representatives; and as to metallic
money itself, whether in gold or sil
ver, it is not used to the extent of
more than 1 per cent in our business
transactions. In view of these facts,
which are as well established as any
other facts relating to our commercial
or financial operations, how absurd it
is to contend that prices are fixed bv
the amount of that particular kind of
currency which does not constitute
more than one-hundredth part of the
whole. In the broadest and most com
prehensive sense the business capacity
and business integrity of each mdivid
ual constitute a part of the effective
currency of the community in which
he lives, because these characteristics
. enable him to become a purchaser of
the commodities it has to sell, although
at the time he may have neither money
nor property. Credit is a purchasing
power, and the man who possesses it
competes in the markets with the men
who possess actual money, and con
tributes as much as they to the main'
tenance of prices. To assert that
prices are fixed by the amount of re
demption money alone is equivalent to
the assertion that if all the silver dol
lars, subsidiary silver com, silver cer
tificates, United States notes, national
bank notes and every other form of
credit were destroyed, leaving nothing
but the gold, prices would remain the
same as they now are & proposition
so preposterous upon its face that
presume no man with any regard for
his reputation would venture to make
it except in a disguised form.
This laniruacre is of vital interest to
: - I
populists for the following reasons:
First Mr. Carlisle ably refutes Coin's
contention that prices are affected,
regulated and controlled by the volume
of "money of final redemption" only,
no other money having any influence
on prices. Second Mr. Carlisle con
cedes that "all other things remaining
the same," prices are regulated and
controlled by the volume of money In
circulation. Third In the last sen
tence of the foregoing excerpt he ad
mits that gold is at present the only
redemption money, thus flatly contra
dicting Prof. Laughlin, of Chicago, and
his own statement made but a minute
previously. Upon the whole, if it were
not for the "credit" fallacy which he
Infnina.thn lancuatre
used by Mr. Carlisle is pretty good pop
ulist doctrine. This article will be de
voted to a brief refutal of the credit
fake, which assumes that checks and
drafts are an addition to the volume of
money in circulation and have the
same effect upon prices as the issue of
that much additional money.
I presume that everyone will concede
that no one ever draws a check upon a
bank unless he is morally and reason
ably certain that such bank will pay
the amount of money called for,
upon presentation of the check
at its counter. So, then, checks
are just as surely representatives
of all kinds of money held by the
banks as are sliver certificates repre
sentatives of silver dollars held in the
national treasury. But not only does
no one pretend to claim that the vol
ume of money is increased by the num
ber of dollars represented by a silver
certificate, each and everytime it
changes hands, but it is conceded that
the silver dollars in the treasury have
no effect upon prices, being in circula
tion by duplicate representatives. So,
also, the handing from individual to
Individual of a check does not multi
ply the actual cash the check repre
sents, and which is Held in bank for
the check's redemption. A moment's
reflection will suffice to show that if
the money represented by the check
was drawn out of the bank and passed
from hand to hand, the transactions
would be equivalent in their nature
and effects to the check transaction, so
that checks simply and solely save the
handling and carrying about of the
actual cash money, just as the use of
silver certificates saves and avoids the
handling and carrying about of the
actual silver dollars. In each case the
money is in active circulation in the
form of paper representatives. '
Commercial deposits represent the
money of the country which is in ac
tive use in the transaction of commer
cial . business, or productive and dis
tributive industries. Such money is
loaned out at call, or "on demand,"
and upon short time. It is deposited,
at the close of each clay's or week's
business, by business men who largely
pay their liabilities with checks and
drafts. Such money, in its inflows and
outflows, is very, generally governed
by an inexorable, though indefinable
law.
As lion. J. II. Walker, in his address
before the world's congress of bank
ers, stated:
The loanable funds held by nation
al banks in this country is shown, by
the report of the comptroller of the
nrrency, to be in round iinmbers
800,000,000. Of this sum $1,800,000,000
are deposits of customers and the bal
ance belongs exclusively to the banks.
The loans and discounts are $2,200,000,
000, and the other $000,000,000 is held
as a reserve. This means that the
banks hold titles to $2,200,000,000 of
the consumable wealth of the country
that Is now In the hands of the farm
ers, manufacturers, merchants, etc.,
and that farmers, manufacturers, mer
chants, etc., hold titles to $1,800,000,000
of the funds now in banks.
As the deposits are $1,800,000,000,
ancHhe-daily transactions are $400,000,
000, it is evident that the average time
ach deposit remains in the bank is
four and one-half days. The $1,800,-
000,000 of capital Is and can only be
made available to all the community
by banking. Its constant use would bo
impossible without banking or its
equivalent. Upon the principle of
chances, as railroad trains are run.
and all other things done, the banks
know that their deposits will average
to equal the amount drawn from them
each day. and, therefore, they make
loans on thirty, sixty or ninety days,
or even four months. They do this.
knowing that the capital they are the
agents in loaning once, will change
real ownership from seven and one
half to thirty times, before the capital
loaned will be returned."
That Is to say that the solvency and
continued operation of our present
banking institutions depends upon the
hypothesis, or probability, that there
will be no more checks drawn in any
one day than there is money in the
banks to pay. And statistics show
that this hypothetical basis is abun
dantly sustained.
Business is, in reality, now trasact
ed uDon a "cash basis," and there is
never, at any one time, a greater vol
ume of checks, drafts, or bills or ex
change in force than there is money to
represent and pay them. The only
difference is that, whereas we now
send remittances, in the shape of
drafts, by mail; if we had no banks
we would have to send the money by
express, and there would be, at all
times, almost an equal amount oi
money going in each direction.
Here are the official figures:
Statement of the exchanges of the
clearinc houses of the United States
for years ended September 30, 1892, and
September 30, 1891
Exchanges for years ended
Unite 1
States. September SO, September 30,
1892. . 1891.
Total . 61.017.839,067 57,181.347,281
57.181.317.284
Increase 3.83J.491.783
Average daily clearings for 1892....$ 19,232,712
Cash outside treasury Sept.30,1892, 1.105,030,000
Cash In all banks. Sept JO. 1892 ... . 544,500,000
'After making deductions as follows:
Loss in gold coin $265,000,000
Loss in silver cola 20.000.000
Loss In paper currency 50,030,000
The people's pocket change, In store
tills, business offices, hoarded.
hidden, etc 165,000,009
Comparative statement for two years
of the transactions of the New York
clearing house, showing aggregate
amount of clearings, aggregate bal
ancces, etc:
Year ended
Aggregate
clearings
AfTtrretrata
balances
Dollar
Dollars.
l,SH4.3i.S0C
l,841,MI0,57o
October 1, 1891 .
October 1, 1W2.
Increase.
Decrease
34.053 Atf8, 7701
3tf.27.05,223
2.228,206,166
876,865,07?
im average clearings 1118.561,785
Average daily balances paid in cash 6,085,33!
Cash held by New York city banks
September 30, 1893 IM, .-4,828
On May 11, 1895, the clearings of the
associated banks of the city of New
York were as follows:
Clearings. ....................... ......1126,670,761
Balances paid in cash 7,656,799
Cush on hand In banks 165.528.30C
Surplus cash above all checks ...... . 38,857,5
The statement of the Boston national
banks, as made to the clearing house
for the week ended May 11, 1895, gives
the following figures:
Exchanges for week... J96.9U.443
Dally average exchanges 16,152,407
Daily cash average 16,448,900
Surplus cash above checks 296.493
I cannot give the daily cash balances.
These figures demonstrate that in
stead of being an addition to the
volume of money in circulation, checks
and drafts, in their daily volume, are
very far within the aggregate amount
of available cash in the banks and that
much more than the same business
could be transacted without the use of
checks or drafts at all.
Just at this time the credit fake, or
what is called "deposit currency," is
the little joker of the gold plutocracy.
Thus Prof. Laughlin, in his debate
with "Coin" Harvey, said:
"1 want to call your attention to the
fact that goods in these days after be
ing expressed in the common denom
inators of value are exchanged prac
tically without the use of money. A
sells a carload of wheat and draws a
bill on the Chicago purchaser for the
same. A discounts this bill and has a
credit in his deposit account in a
bank representing his wheat in terms
of money. But another person, B,
may have sold to A woolen goods for
the same amount. B draws on A for
the sum and B also gets a credit to his
bank account through the banks, then
these two bits of paper meet and offset
each other; that is, the wheat and
woolen goods expressed in the com
mon denominator of value are ex
changed against each other by a medi
um of exchange known as deposit cur
rency?"
fiow note; A got is s woolen goods,
but B did not get A's wheat. What
did Bget? Does Mr. Laughlin pretend
to say that the bank entirely escaped
iability because A's credit was trans
ferred to B? Eats. If business is
done without money, through bank
credits, why is not the figure 1 as good
a unit of account as 25. 8 grains of gold?
The statement, "then these two bits of
paper meet and offset each other," if
not a lie is at least a half truth. The
bank no longer, owes A. but, it does
owe i$ the amount oi a s creuit, in
money, subject to check. j r
The credit fake must go. Those who
have no money never draw any checks.
Those who buy goods on credit pimply
promise to pay money at some future
date. George C. Ward.
CHANGE THE SYSTEM.
Make Faper Money a Promise to Receive
Instead of a Promise to Pay.
In "Cash vs. Coin," one of tho multi
tude of answers to "Coin's Financial
School," which are being published
and scattered by the "honest money"
crowd, we find the following:
Coin fought shy of the subject of
legal tender all the way through his
book. lie mentions the subject, but
only incidentally. But it is easy
enough to see from his propositions
that a legal tender quality is an es
sential in his monetary philosophy.
The legal tender quality is given
to money for the purpose of making it
'go' by law, when it will not go on its
own merits.
"Lecal tender laws are one of the
means by which government becomes
a private robbery. They are entirely
impotent and unnecessary whenever
applied to full-value money or money
which is readily redeemable in full
value."
Now if all this is true why do not
our Honest money menus aemana
that the "legal tender quality" be
taken from gold? We suggest the fol
lowing changes in our monetary sys
tem in conformity with tho above
theory:
1. Repeal all laws making money of
any kind legal tender. If they are im
potent and unnecessary when applied
to "full-value money" of course the
"honest money" crowd cannot object
to this.
3. Issue paper money for the common
people in sufficient volume to meet the
demands of internal commerce. Stamp
upon this money: "This is a dollar;"
this is five dollars," etc., making all
the necessary denominations. Instead
of stamping upon it the government
edict that it shall be a legal tender for
all debts public and private, stamp it
as follows: "This money will be re
ceived by the government for all taxes,
imposts and obligations payable to the
government, of every character what
soever." This, of course, would be no
discrimination against "honest, full
value money" and certainly the "hon
est-money" crowd could have no ob
jection to it. Let the government pay
out and receive this money in the
transaction of public affairs, and let
the "honest-money" crowd who wor
ship the golden calf have all there is
of this "full-value" money. As iU
value in no way depends upon the gov
eminent stamp, or "fiat," let the gov
ernment withdraw this fiat and let it
"go" "upon its own merits." Will the
"honest-money" crowd agree to this?
If not, why not? Topeka (Kan.) Advo
cate.
Because they know that gold depends
for its value upon the charter of the
Bank of England and the coinage and
legal tender acts of the several nations.
Deprived of tbese props, it would not
be worth much of anything.
George C Wabd.
Three Ceat CoImid.
"For Bale." "Wanted. " Tor Exchange. " sn4
mall advertisements for abort time, will be
charged three ceata per word for each Inser
tion. Initials or a number counted as one
word. (Jasb with the order
If yon war anything, or have anythlag that
anyway eisa --wants," mut it Knows uronga
this column. It will pay.
RANK D.
EAGER. Attorny-at-Law, I0M 0
Street.
SEED CORNl!.
Catalog, sad 1
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Alnmlaam Coffe. EoooomlMr; flu say eoffM
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a"u wivv HUiWIU) A1VU
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pay. J. Y. tC Swlgart, Bec'y, Lincoln,
FARMERS
THE ACME SUBSOILER at
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Dobta'a Coffea Economizer makes yonr coffe' I
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til
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and state business experience, age and send pho
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AN EXTRAORDINARY OFFER ! 1 f
Wa -want luuo mure active agenta before m
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can be easily made In any locality ; our goods fl
all lhAmB.vRawafiiitilRh A lartfH mil Of i
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dress, STAjJllAKU KILVEKWAKE J
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LINCOLN, - NEBRASKA.
GECKFFROM
A Magnificent
200 Poems at
TtVlTH
William CttUen Bryant.
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We only have space here to give the names of a few of the illustrious poets whose
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H. Giacomelli, W. HathereU, J. Hash.
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The Weatlh Makers,
Farm and Fireside,
po. . .
200
Lincoln. Neb.
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WEALTH MAKERS PUB. CO.
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THE POETS.
Work of Art. o
1
OVES 1
.200 Illustrations.
Poems Breathing ot Love
and ttfe Divine, Poems of
Joy and Happiness. Poems
Fall ot Wit and Humor,
Poems that Blng the
BoDgsof Nature and the
Heart, of Memory and
Longl ng, of the Home and
Family, of the Woods and
Fields, of the Rivers and
Lakes.of Youth and Beau
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Life Eternal.
Pictures of Land and Sea,
of Stately ships and Hum
ble Fishermen's Boats, of
Quiet Farm-house and.
Frowning Fortress, of
Peaceful Meadows and
Dark Forests, of Raging
Storms and Calm Moon
light Nights, of Ancient
Castle and the Little Hut,
of Beckoning Church
steeple and Guiding
Lighthouse, of Birds and
Flowers, of Sweet Girls
and Children, of Illustri
ous PoetB.
Being a Superb Collection
of the Most Famous Poems
from the Works of the
Most Illustrious Poets, and
the Entire Book Hand
somely Illustrated with
Beautiful Engravings by
World-renowned Artists,
makes this One of the
Grandest Books of the Cen
tury, the Engravings Alone
Costing at least 20,000.00,
Being Made for a Book to
Retail at H00 to 810.00.
$1.00
-M-
too ALL 3 FOR $1.50.
.50
$2.50
sir-
Address. The Wealth Makers.
and Supplies y
From the simplest style to the most elaborate.
The Red Line Series, tho handsomest Blank in the
country, printed on Bond Paper at less expense than
iurnisn tnem on ordinary flat paper.
hard metaL
expert from the best and most durable
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