April 4, 1895.
THE WEALTH MAKERS.
a
The World As It Is.
(Continued from 1st page.)
peuse of the community is of benefit to
Canada or theEmpireof which at present
it forms part If the loan recently con
tracted in England wad as successful as it
was said to have been, it seems useless to
warn the English financier or investor
that every additional pound they lend
Canada fortifies the policy that puts an
almost prohibitory duty on imports
from England, as that is the only pres
ent means of raising revenue to pay the
interest aloue, lor trie very classes wno
profit by it wili never wiiiingly consent
to the imposition of an income-tax or
other direct taxation. The English man
ufacturers and exporters should see to
this. I am not certain that the agncul-1
tnral interest in England also is not
affected to a certain extent as the Cana
dian farmer. The impoverishmentof the
email-salaried and labouring classes
which is steadily going on here, and di
minishes their purchasing power, has
left our farmers no option but to throw
their produce on an ulready glutted
market in England, where it intensifies
the competition and knocks prices down.
The day on which England no longer
purchases Canadian produce will be the
day of crowning disaster for the English
holders of Canadian securities, for where
the money will then come from to pay
the interest on the debts of all kinds
owed by Canada to England, no one can
tell. But England will not buy unless
Canada can sell as cheap as, or cheaper
than, anyone else, and so we are in a
vicious circle, out of which there appears
Do favourable issue.
It will be worth while lookingat the in
debtednessof Canadasomewhatin detail.
To begin with, the Federal or Dominion
debt of $246,000,000,a8 it stands today,
isof respectable dimensions enough for a
population that does not increase per
ceptibly, and with diminishing resources.
If it had all been honestly spent there
might be some comfort in contemplating
it, but when one knows how it has been
wasted and "boodled," it goes against
the grain to have to pay the taxes to
meet its obligations. How much of it
all was spent on actual work done, and
how much in contractors' profits, and
how much was "boodled," only the suc
cessive ministers in the Public Works and
other spending departments at Ottawa
can tell. Our present Minister of Public
Works, Mr. John G. Haggar (he has no
title yet), speaking in reference to the
Dwindling that went on in Government
contracts under his department for hun
dreds of thousands of dollars, pleaded as
an excuse that both he and his deputy
had been deceived. I take it that in a
private business such an excuse would
not hold good, and that peremptory dis
missal would have been his portion, but
he was kept on in the late Sir John
Thompson's Cabinet, and remains in
that of the new knight, Sir Mackenzie
Bowell; and Senator 1). Ferguson, who
eaid in public speech that robbery was
inevitable where a Government was con
cerned, has been taken into the new Cab
inet. To go on to the provincial debts, Que
bec alone has one of about $25,000,000,
and has just been issuing a new three
percent, loan at a ruinously low rate
and conditions. Ontario has no debt,
but, according to Sir Oliver Mowat, the
Premier, has a large surplus; he says
$6,156,607, but this is believed by some
sceptics to be subject to a heavy discount,
and in any case a large portion of it is
left in the Dominion Treasury, by which
it is owing, at interest. Under present
conditions, it is, I should say, as secure
as the deposits in your Mr. Jabez Spencer
Balfour's celebrated "Liberator.'" The
Maritime and the Western Provinces
have their debts of greater or lesser
amounts. Next in the series come the
municipal debts. The total of these it is
impossible to come at, but from the
largest city to the poorest backwoods
township every one is in debt, almost
without exception. The assessments on
which many, if not all, of these debts are
Rpntired. are at least 20 to 30 Der cent.
too high, and, at the moment I write, it
would be impossible under forced sales to
realise 50 per cent, of the assessed values.
These debts go up into the millions, and
are becoming every day a more serious
burlen on the . taxpayers. Toronto,
Qu -bee, Montreal, Hamilton, and other
citi's, have contracted debts far beyond
tl;e r means, and the way in which the
moiiey is spent has been amply evidenced
by the exposures of aldermanic corrup
tion recently made in Toronto and Mon
treal, where the most shameless doings
have been going on. In the latter city,
in violation of law, aldermen got sub
contracts for municipal work, and were
allowed to see the tenders sent in before
being publicly opened. In Toronto
bribes were not only taken, but demand
ed, by the civic representatives from
parties seeking municipal contracts and
franchises. These should be object
lessons enough for the British investor
if he had eyes to see and ears to hear.
Next come the mortgage debts, which
are simply prodigious. The returns
made by loan societies doing business in
Canada show over $iao.UOO,000 out on
mortirage for Ontario alone. But this is
a long way under the mark, for numbers
of properties nave private mortgages on
them which do not appear in returns like
the above. The character of the mort
gages is various. Some undoubtedly
were made for improvements, or to tide
over bad years, but others were made to
gratify social or other extravagance. I
know of one case where the mortgage
was made to send a son to Edinburgh
and London to study surgery and medi
cine, to add to the crowd of unemployed
doctors, who, along with needy lawyers,
form the bulk of our educational pro
letariat. The amount returned for the
province of Quebec is $9,000,000, but
this, again, is ouly a small portion
of the amount with which the
farms and house properties there
have been burdened. Private mort
gages are the rule among the French
Canadiuus.nnd in many cases the interest
paid is usurious. As with the municipal
indebtedness, it is difficult to say with
any degree of certainty what the total
mortgage debt on land and house prop
erty amounts to, but it is now so heavy
that it eats up, and moresometiines.atiy
profit which the depression in the value
of furm products leaves the Canadian
farmer. In Manitoba and the North
West, crops as well as farms are mort
gaged, principally to the agricultural im
plement manufacturers, so that there, as
elsewhere in the western territories, the
farmer has nothing he can call his own.
And here I come to a point to which I
would direct the attention of English in
vestors in Canadian mortgages, whether
directly or as share and debenture hold
ers in mortgage companies. There are
numberless cases where the farmer re
mains on his land, w hich is mortgaged to
it full value, in hopes of better times,
although themortgagors have foreclosed,
or had the land transferred. The farmer
is turned into a mere caretaker. What
is the result? The former owner has
been converted into a mere tenant, and
the mortgagor individual or company
into an absentee landlord. The exper
ience of Ireland, where the arm of the
English law, was ever present, is surely
not such that English absentee owner
of Canadian properties can hope for
much consideration.
Then follows another point, which is,
that when the individual farmer and his
class, be it remembered, is the backbone
of Canada is ruined, the taxpaying to
the Government diminishes or ceases; and
the investor who depends on his govern
mental and municipal securities stands a
poor chance. Here we are again in a
vicious circle. It is idle to waste time in
pretending that Canada can ever be an
exporter of much else than food and raw
products; her geographical and climatic
conditions are a standing bar to her
taking any serious part in the world
market. This is what makes the so-called
national policy a snare and a delusion
which is dragging the country steadily
down the road to ruin.
There is one class of debt and taxatiou
with which I have yet to deal. It is the
religious debt and taxation, and that is
a serious item in the aggregate. This is
particularly so in the Province of Quebec
where, under the Act of Capitulation
made at Montreal when Canada finally
passed under the British Crown, the Ro
man Catholic Church is established by
law. Its exactions from its adherents
are bo heavy that the Provincial Premier,
Mr. Taillon, recently said that it was im
possible to increase the taxation of the
rural districts, as "they were already
taxed heavy for church purposes." One
result of this is, that the City of Mont
real this year will have to pay $975,698
out of $1,942,436, or nearly two-thirds
of the provincial taxation. Then the
exemptions from taxation of properties
of all kinds, to which, under any pretext,
the title of religious can be tacked on,
are enormous in amount. In the city of
Montreal they stand at $11,645,750 for
the Romish Church alone, and at $6,750-,
984 for the various Protestant and other
denominations. All over the country it
is the same thing; and when one considers
that, according to the last census, there
were 10,840 churches in Canada, or one
to every 460 inhabitants, all with their
appurtenances exempt from taxation,
while at the same time , exacting pretty
heavy contributions from the people, it
will be seen how they diminish the power
of the country to meet its obligations.
This is another point of which the British
investor should take note. I think that,
so far, I have shown that the material
security enjoyed by investors in Canada
is slender enough. The moral security,
if I may so term it, is even more slender
still. The bribe-asking and bribe-taking
aldermen of Toronto were religious men,
as a leading Toronto paper said: "The
eminently pious peopleof Toronto pocket
bribes on the way to church, and sing
psalms whilst searching for boodle."
Religion in this country has nothing to
do with worldly affairs; it is put on and
taken oS on Sunday with the Sunday
clothes, and it is a subject of common re
mark that the cities and towns in which
there are most churches, and which are
most noted for the conventional obser
vance of the Sabbath, are little better
than whited sepulchres. Nearly every
church in the country is in debt or mort
gaged, in violation of the apostolic in
junction to "owe no man anything."
The aggregate mortgages of the Metho
dist Church alone in Ontario were stated
the other day at $600,000.
I have said that the most marked
characteristic of our Canadian society is
its charlatanism. It pervades every
class and condition of men. It begins at
Ottawa round the viceregal throne, sur
rounded as it is by people with titles.
And here I may say.by way of parenthesis
that nothing is tending more to give
serious-minded people over here a low
impression of the Fountain of Honour in
England than the class and stamp of
men who are selected for titles and
honours. A speaker at a public meeting
recently said that a title in Canada was
no more an evidence of merit or honour
in its possessor than a paper collar was
of a clean linen shirt on its wearer. But
as the government is here, so are the
people; and as the people, so is the gov
ernment. They suit and match one
another. A few weeks ago a veteran and
clean-handed political man, Mr. A. P.
Cockburn, at a banquet given in his
honour, said that "he held that the peo
ple should be as upright and truthful in
politics as in other things; but it seemed
like preaching in the wilderness to advo
cate such a course." Mr. Cockburn was
right. There is no sense of private or
public honor, or rather, perhaps, I should
say dishonour, wheie the money of the
Canadian taxpayer or the English inves
tor is concerned. The practice of law is
fast becoming the perversion of justice;
and this is greatly facilitated, when a
rich man is pitted against a poor man,
by the power to carry suits to the Privy
Council in England. As to the charla
tanism of the press, we have had it in full
evidence over the death of Sir John
Thompson. One would think the great
est benefactor of the human race had
died, instead of a man of so weak a
character that he coula not puniy nis
cabinet of its corrupt and corrupting
elements. But, like charity, he served to
cover a multitude of sins in others, and
in that sense he has been a distinct loss
to the "boodlers." The publicsubscrip
tion got up for Lady Thompson is not
being responded to by the general puhlio
in any degree, for, thanks to the fiscal
policy of her late husband, and to the
goings-on of Sir John A. Macdonald'a
freebooters, over whom he presided, they
can hardly support themselves. The
bulk of the subscription is being made up
and syndicates enriched by the impover
ishment of the country. It is only fit
ting it should be so. There never has
been so hard a winter in Canada for the
laboring classes. The countrysides are
infested with tramps driven desperate
with want and cold, sleeping in barns
with the thermometer below zero; the
jails are filled to overflowing; and the
charitable societies are straining their
resources to the utmost to meet the
destitution in the cities and towns. 1
have just received a letter from a friend
in the lumber region, saying that thous
ands of men are being dismixst'd from the
xhanties, with no prose:tof work before
them until next May; and this season
WHges were cut down from six to ten
dollars a month, which in the aggregute
means a large Hum lost to the laborers
nud the retail dealers with whom they
would naturally have spent it.
Of the charlatanism of the various
religious bodies and sects I have no need
to say anything; the moral condition of
our society attests the degree and value
of their influence. I cannot, however,
nuss by that of our military caste, which
Imperial needs, real or pretended, have
implanted in the country. Our militnry
exteuditure now runs up to about $2,
000,000 annually, and for nil the good
resulting it might as well be thrown into
the Niagara whirlpool. Vapouring
swashbucklers (Colonel Penison and such
like) howl and shake their lists at the
American flag from the safe side of the
frontier, under the shelter of the Union
Jack, but no one thinks BerioUHly about
real fighting. The most recent feats of
our warriors were at Ridgeway, where it
was not the Fenian invaders who made
the fastest running; and against a few
score of half-breeds in the North-West,
armed with old percussion muskets and
shot guns. The less said about the
causes of that business and the way it
was carried on the better. Neither its
military nor financial aspect wouid bear
too close examination.
The low state of public morals and the
political debauchery prevailing in Canada
are due entirely to the recklessness with
which Sir John A. Macdonald aud his
successors have borrowed money and
squandered it. No one is disposed
for steady work, but everyone is on the
look-out to "make his pile" by some
gambling or other stroke of luck. Work
on the land is despised as beneath the
dignity of the people, and farmers' sons
run after what they call "high-toned
jobs" that is, something not involving
mauual labour. That is left for the pau
per emigrant from the old world. The
booming of mines, town lots, in fact,
anything and everything that affords a
chance for a gamble, goes on incessantly,
and the press, so far from discouraging
or opposing the pernicious teudency,
lends its aid to perpetuate one of the
worst features of Canadian life. The in
dividual who would stand up against
and denounce all this would be termed a
"crank," or treated as a churl. And so
things and men in Canada, like the Gada
reneswide, are rushing down a steep
place to perish, as far as one can judge,
in the sea of general bankruptcy. I in
tended saying something on the question
of emigration and the railways of Canada
bat must reserve it for another occasion.
Sermon for Geo. O. Hall
Text Rom. V. 8-9. "God comm.da His love to
na that westill beinKSlnnersChrlst died for os much
therefore more, having now been Justified by HI.
blood, we shall be saved by Him from wrath, for
if, belnir enemies, we were reconciled to God by
the death of His Bon, much more having been
reconciled we shall be saved by His life." Also
from II Cor. V. 14-1. "The love of Christ con
straineth ns He died for all that they
which live should live unto themselves no
longer."
1. It is impossible for any one to say
"Jesus died for me," truly, until he is
brought to see, in himself, the necessity
for His death, and that it may avail to
rid him of that necessity. ' Doubtless
some are led to say this without a reali
zation of that necessity, but it is evident
that such say it as a parrot might say it
or say it with some measure of hypocrisy.
Surely no one can truly say this without
a sense of the sinfulness of his sin, and
that his sin compassed the death of Jesus.
No one can truly say "Jesus died for all"
till he realizes that the sins of all caused
His death and that in some degree, at
least, the sin of all was to be borne away
by it.
It is painful to hear people talk of
Christ as their Saviour who have never
felt "the exceeding sinfulness of sin." It
is painful to hear those talk of a wonder
ful Saviour for the world, who, seemingly,
have no conception of the awfulness of
the world's sin. The sin of the world is
selfishness..
2. Paul said "Sin is the transgression
of the law;" and he said also, "Love is
the fulfilling of the law." Sin, being that
which transgresses the law, it is the an
tonym of that which which fulfills the
law. Principal Fairbairn says, "From
the personality and experience of men,
sin is selfishness in its positivecharacter
it is the substitution of self for God as the
law and end of our being it is obeying
our own wills instead of God's will."
(Place of Christ in Modern Theology p.
453.)
The manifestations of sin as sins areas
transgressions of the law of love, but
back of these manifestations is "the put
ting of self in the heart instead of God,"
and this gives rise to unfilial feeling to
ward God. Sin, then, is the reign of un
filial feeling toward God in the heart
made for filial love, or the reign of selfish
ness there. From the fatherhood of God
sin is also the reign of unfraternal feeling
toward man, or selfishness in the heart.
Sins are transgressions of the law, love
toward God and toward mankind. Sin,
singular number, is selfishness sins,
plural, transgressions of the law of love
in our relations toward God and toward
man. Hold to this point sin is selfish
ness and sins are any and all transgres
sions of the law of love and sin becomes
real and definite, and sins becoming tan
gible and appalling. Then indeed you
may "Behold the Lamb of God bearing
away the sin of the world" as love's sac
rifice, and also see Jesus wounded for our
transgressions and bruised for our
iniquities.
8. It is a great mistake to confound
sin with its manifestations in moral evil,
vice and crime. Moral evil is inbarmony
with the law of love and is both personal
and social. "Vice is moral evil interpret
ed as an offense against nature, and is
private and personal. Crime is a legal
term and denotes the open violation of
the laws of the state. But if there were
no sin there would be no moral evil, be
cause no inbarmony with the law of love
no vice, for actions and character
would then conform to nature no crime,
for civil law being an expression human
will would pronounce against that only
which is evil and vicious.
The putting of self in the heart in God's
place the obeying of our own wills and
opposing His will, and so being disloyal
and unfilial toward Him who is still our
Sovereign and our Father, tht fighting
against a reign of filial and fraternal
love in our hearts, and so becoming Love's
enemies, this is the destruction of
God's image within. This is sin and sins
horrible work and the wrath of sin
against eternal love.
4. Sin is the root of all imperfections
in character, consequently of the soul's
degeneracy, joy lcssness and misery. It is
therefore the root of all infelicities of the
world of all the misery, degradation and
poverty incidental to evil habits and in
cident to badly organized society.
Sin is the reign of selfishness in the in-
AYER'S
Cherry Pectoral
SAVED HIS LIFE
So says Mr. T. Nl. Reed, a highly
respected Merchant of Mid
dletown, III., of a Young
Man who was supposed
to be In Consumption.
"One of my customers, some
years ago, had a sou who had all
the symptoms of consumption.
Tim namvl medicines afforded him
no relief, and he steadily failed
until lie waa iin.ihle, to leave his
bed. His mother applied to me
for some remeay ana l recom
tvtanrlafl Atrar'a fliorrv Ppptnm.1
ThA valine man took it according
to directions, and soon began to
imnrnvo until be became Well
and stronjj." T. M. Heed, Mid-
uletown, 111.
o
"Some time ago, I caught a
severe cold, my throat and lungs
were badly inflamed, and I had a
terrible cough. It was supposed
that I was a victim of consump
tion, and my friends had little
hope of recovery. But I bought a
bottle of Ayer's Cherry Pectoral,
took it, and was entirely cured.
No doubt, it saved my life."
I. Jones, Emerts Cove, Tenru
Ayer's Cherry Pectoral
Received Highest Awards
AT THE WORLD'S FAIR
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dividual and in society and leads men to
seek their own weal instead of the com
mon weal and their own weal at the ex
pense of the commonweal. This reign of
selfishness leads to stnte, competition
and war. international, commercial, in
dustrial and social warfare. Commercial
and industrial warfare means men, and
combinations of men, to oppress and
ruin, and consequently the tyranny of
commercial kings and the cruelty of in
dustrial masters. It means a few rich
and many,poor and w.ste waste of the
products of skill of labor ana enterprise,
waste of human energy, wasteof human
life. It means a ceaseless, monotonous,
degrading round of toil for a miserable
existence on the part of the mauy, and
hard cruel exaction, with demoralizing,
effeminating luxury, on the part of the
few. It is low sodden vice in the the pop
ulous ranks of poverty, and suspicion,
dread and inmorality among the wealthy
few. It is ruinous to both classes to all
classes of men. It is mammon worship,
and that is rum both temporal and eter
nal. "No man can serve two masters, for
either he will hate the one and love the
other, else he will hold to the one and de
spise the other." Mammon servers are
haters despisers of God. even though
they profess to love Him and to hold to
Him. "Ye cannot serve God and mam
mon." (Beatitudes) (6)
Pride rules the hearts of the rich and
the powerful among the mammon serv
ers. They are too aristocratic too am
bitious to be "poor in spirit." Syco
phancy and servility rules the hearts of
the poor among the mammon servers and
the kingdom of heaven is not for either
class. The kingdom of heaven is for
them who, humble before God, are filial
toward Him and fraternal toward men.
Mammon servers are too hardened by
their selfish pursuits to mourn their own
sins, or the miseries of the world about
them because of sin, therefore neither
heaven nor earth has any comfort for
them.
They are not meek, but are full of that
selfish ambition to be first in wealth and
power that comes between the toiler and
the earth to rob him of the products of
his toil. Often they withhold natnral op
portunities from their natural uses to
compel industry and enterprise to pay
exorbitant toll to idle speculation, so
losing earth as well as heaven. Few,
very few, rich or poor, high or low, wise
or simple, have any hunger for right
love, right-truth, right-wisdom, and
right-justice or righteousness in self and
in society, but, for the most part, are in
tolerant, cruel and mercenary, therefore
they are not filled with heavenly or
earthly good and cannot be. Selfishness
may give alms to get in return, but it has
no mercy. It strives with others for self,
cruelly oppresses and robs, and for it
there is no mercy reserved. In selfishness
is rooted every form of self indulgence
gluttony, drunkenness, sexual lust, etc.
it is the fountain of moral impurity and
rottenness and therefore of the world's
atheism since none put the pure in heart
see God. Selfishness may seek peace, yet
it never makes peace, and therefore the
selfish are not the children of God. They
are God-Haters, God-despisers; having
supplanted His love with loveof self they
have thus constituted themselves enemies
of God.
7. It does not follow from this that
God is inimical toward the selfish. God
does not hate sinners. That may be in
teaching of theology but it is not in the
t acliings of Christ, nor is it to he found
in the doctrines of Paul. In substance
Paul says in our text, "God commends
His love to us as sinners, in that Christ
died for us, so that though we were ene
mies of God, yet we might be reconciled
to Him by the death of Christ.and saved
from wrath by His life," and saved from
the wruth of selfishness against eternal
love by the love of God in the life and
death of Christ. Saved by the restora
tion of the Divine image within through
conformity to the law of love exemplified
by Christ, so becoming loyal subjects ol
our righteous sovereign, and filiul chil
dren of our loving Father.
God is love and cannot cense to love
His creatures even when they cease to
love Him. Though they constitute them
selves His ememies (and their own worst
enemy as well) yet God loves them that
hate Him, and blesses them that curse
Him. He is good and He is merciful to
(Continued on 6th page.)
The Baltimore Plan,
now practically endorsed by President Cleveland, is attracting
universal attention because it is based on the evident fact that
the currency and banking systems of the country must be re
formed. But is the Baltimore plan a reform? It gives the associated
banks the power to expand the currency and relieve the country.
It also gives them the power to contract it at will and create
universal distress for their own
It puts the credit of the government behind every bank note.
It donates all but half of one per
issue to the banks, and it leaves
Napoleon of Finance to wreck a
to pay the notes.
It leaves the banks free to demand the highest interest that
the several states will allow, and affords no relief to farmers and
business men of moderate capital.
Contrast with this
The Hill Banking
In "Money Found," an exceedingly valuable and instructive
book published by Charles H. Kerr & Company of Chicago, and
for sale at the office of this paper at 25 cents, Hon. Thos. E.
Hill proposes that the government open its own bank in every
large town or county seat in the United States, pay 3 pe cent
on long time deposits, receive deposits subject to check without
interest, and loan money at the uniform rate of 4 per cent to
every one offering security worth double the amount of the loan.
This plan is not atiexpense to the government.but a source of
large revenue.
It secures the government .amply, which the Baltimore plan
does not.
It relieves the distress of the common people, which the Bal
timore plan does not.
It protects not only note-holders but deppsitors, who are un
secured now and under the Baltimore plan would be still
worse off. ' r ' .
In a word, the Baltimore plan is in the-interest of the bankers,
the Hill Banking System is in the interest of the people.
Consider them both, and ask your congressman to vote for the
Oie you believe in.
And send us 25c. immediately for the book. "Money Found"
has no equal in its line. Address,
Wealth Makers Pub. Co.,
Lincoln, Neb.
PURELY
$3.00 for first $1,000, $4.0O
for second $ 1,000 in the Cy
clone Department. Same in
Fire Department.
v-i
NEBRASKA
Mutual Fire, Lightning and Cyclone Ins. Co.
Over 650,000 insured. Have paid $630.00 in Losses.' Hav
had but one assessment 10c. per $100.00.
J.
&Agents wanted.
Who Wants a Good Thing ?
- In a small town not far from Lincoln.
I nAVE a nice clean salable stock of hardware of about $2,500.00 no trading
stock. Sales from $8,000.00 to $10,000.00 per year. My profits last year
were abont $1,600.00. Store room on corner rents for $16.00 per month,
88x78, ample side rooms, street frontage 50 feet, best location in town; tributary
trade large and good; like buying a gold dollar if anyone is wanting a hardware
location; part cash, part on time. Must sell
It will pay yon to see or write to me.
J.H.DOBSON,
1120 M St, Lincoln, Neb.
Irrigated Farms-$1,000!
OUT of a thousand farms in 80UTHWE8T KA5BA8, of 160 acres each, we an
selling a limited number equipped with an independent and permanent irriga
tion plant sufficient for at least ten acres on each farm. The price at which
these 160 acre farms are selling is merely about what the ten acres and irrigation
plant are worth. .
Before buying a (arm Investigate this. Special terms nude for Celonies, Call
oa us or write for particulars.
THE SYNDICATE LANDS & IRRIGATING CORPORATION,
Boom 412 Hew Eiglud Life Building, 9th k Wyandotte 8ts.. IAKSA8 OUT, MO.
private gam.
cent of the profit on the note
plenty of opportunities for a
bank and leave the government '
System.
MUTUAL.
r
No Fire Insurance accepted
from territory covered by local
company.
Y. M. SWIGABT, Secretary,
Lincoln, Nib.