The Wealth makers of the world. (Lincoln, Nebraska) 1894-1896, January 31, 1895, Page 2, Image 2
THE WEALTH MAKERS January 31, 1895 i Ne braaka Prlaon Association (Continued from tit pair. ) tnat several of these son t hern states have recently iriven it up. The reforma tion of prisoners is simply an inipossi bility under such a system. In all the states of the Union where state boards of charities have been created, every. thing pertaining to the nature of a lease system in handling the prisoners has been completely, and no doubt forever, aDoiiRticii. When I made my annual report to the National Conferenceof Charities und Cor rections in Chicago a year ago lost June, I expressed quite fully my views on the condition of our State Penitentiary. A little time in that meeting was set apart to consider the matter. I was called to the platform and questioned concerning tne situation in particular. At that time and since then I have received offers from several of the most noted philan thropists in the country to come out to Nebraska if there was anything which they might be able to accomplish in the overthrow of this wicked system which now obtains in our State Peniten tiary. I said to them, "I have faith in the people of Nebraska mid have faith in the coining legislature, that a State Board of Charities will be created and that this evil, together with muny other evils prevailing in our state, will speedily be done away with." So I do have faith in our present legis 1 at ure, that these things will receive at tention, oud that a State liourd of Char ities will be created to look after these matters in the future. In the next place I want to say that the fee system now prevailing ought to be instantly and forever abolished. It seriously interferes with the administra tion of penal justice in our state. To be gin with it is an injustice to the officers who receive fees, because it makes the source of their income a great uncertain ty. It also furnishes to them a tempta tion, in many coses, to make the fee larger than it ought to be; so an injus tice is many times done to the parties who are compelled to pay the fees. This system causes the arrest of a great many innocent parties. The statistics of Baltimore show that the very year the fee system in that city was abol ished the number of nrrests dropped off more than oue-tliird. There is ulso a temptation in many instances to convict parties who are wholly innocent. The magistrate in many cases is entitled to a fee, whether the man is convicted or not. Yet, in conversation with these magis trates, I have been told by them that, in case the man is convicted, his friends will rally to help him pay the fine and fees, etc., and that the chances are a great deal more favorable for his getting the fee. The magistrates and officers ac tually find that In very many cases, un less the parties are convicted, they never get uiwir iees. I have no doubt in my own mind but that if we had a State Board of Charities it would not be long until this evil was corrected in our commonwealth. I wnnt to call your attention also to the fact that in Nebraska, we need a place of de tention for preliminary examination, es pecially in the case of of minors and par ties who are arrested for the first time. Under the influence of the State Board of Charities fn Massachusetts, a place is provided for the preliminary examination of all children and all first offenders, anf in hundreds and thousands of cases per sons are kept from the disgrace and deg radation of being placed behind the pris on bars. This is found especially true in cases of the young offenders. More than a year ago I was made to realize the ne cessity for such a place of detention in Douglas county, when six little boys, all of them under eleven years of age, were arrested for breaking into a store on Six teenth street .They were locked up in the city jail and then, under the law, were bound over to the county jail and brought in contact with old and hard ened criminals. They were kept in that condition for many weeks until the day f trial in the district court. I went into the court and asked the court to turn over to me one of the little boys, named Eddy, and assured him that I would be responsible for finding him a good home in the country. I received a letter a few days ago from the farmer who has this little boy in charge, and he tells me that the boy is the most loving and obedient and truthful child they ever have known, Ihey tell me be never has used an oath, and that he is cheerful and happy and affectionate; in fact they described an ideal boy. Allow me to soy that it hap pened in the case of Eddy that about two weeks before he was arrested for breaking iuto the store he was driven out of his home one night by a drunken mother, who, as I learned from the neigh bors, tried to kill him with a butcher knife, barely escaping. He get some out to come with him and found me about eleven o'clock that night. I furnished him temporary shelter, and a few days afterwards a farmer ceme in from a little west of Omaha and wanted to take the boy on trial, hoping to give him a per manent home. I let him go out with him, and it proved to be a mistake, be cause it was too close to the city aud be cause too much work was required of the little fellow, and, after a few days, he ran away and came back to Omaha. He was ashamed to come to me. He had no home to go to; he slept several nights in an old stable; then got into company with bad boys, and the result was thebreak iog into the store and then his experience in jail life. The little fellow never should have been locked up behind the prison bars in com pany with those old criminals. There are numerous cases similar to this, mak ing a place of detention, for preliminary examination, of great importance. I want also to say a few words now in regard to the fundamental object in punishing criminals. The primary ob ject should be the reformation of the pri soner. I know that some claim that the primary object in the punishment of crime should be the protection of society. But let me ask you how society can be protected, unless these prisoners are transformed into good citizens. The way it is now, they are, by the methods em ployed, sunk lower into criminal lives, so that when they get out of the prisons it is almost certain that they will go on as criminals, injuring society more than ever.- John Howard, the author of Penological Science, more than a hund red years ago clearly apprehended the reformatory idea. He saw the motto written in letters of gold over the portal of the House of Refuge in Rome. It was, - ''parum est improbis coercere poena nisi probia efBciaa diaciplina," which trans lated means, 'It is of small cousequence to coerce the wicked by punishment, un less yon make them good by discipline.' The world has been very slow to under stand this great truth. Some still cling to the oid idea of retributive justice. There are many who insist upon the warning given to others by means of punishment; while there is an element of truth in all these various objects men tioned, that which is primary and funda mental and which is necessary to the accomplishment of all the other ends de sired, is the reformation of the prisoner. There is no doubt but that much can be accomplished in this direction. Mnch has been accomplished at the Elmira Re formatory, New York. In that institu tion an average of more than one thous and prisoners are dealt with on princi ples of the indeterminate sentence, the marking system and the parole in dis charge. Humane and Christian methods are employed, upon scientific grounds in dealing with these inmates. The results are wonderful. The records for the past eighteen years show that an average of over eighty per cent of the nmates are lifted up into good lives, aud become good citizens. Many come into that prison, as into other prisons, who are sluggish and stupid and exceedingly ignorant. Sometimes they are put into workshops where it is found they can make no progress whatever. They are then taken out and put through severe and rigid treatment, by meunsof Turkish baths, massage, special diet, gymnasium training, military exercises, etc. By and bv they wake up and are taken into the 8 liool room aud into industrial imes of training and into the workshops again and are found to be able to make the average progress which is made by the more intelligent. It is certainly a won der that over sixty per cent of the dull, stupid, prisoners are thus transformed and lifted up into good lives and become self-supporting citizens in the communi ties where they live. It is recognized in that institution that labor is a necessity in the reformation of the lives of prison ers. Labor is made use of, with that end in view. Idleness causes defeneration. It is found also, that intellectual training is necessary. We know that statistics show that seventy-five per cent of all criminals are grossly ignorant. There can be no doubt but if we had a State Board of Charities there would soon be introduced into Nebraska, methods look ing to the reformation of the prisoners; methods which should take thepluce of those that are now in operation in the state. Iu the next place.allow me to call your attention to the question, as to whether crime is upon the increase in America, ... 1 .1 . . r. ii. wines ot Illinois, the notea statue tienn says, "There can be no question, but that crime is upon the increase in this country." The statistics gathered by the bureau of information at Wash ington show that thirty years ago there was only one prisoner to about three thousand of the population, and that now there is one prisoner to about every eight hundred. , I would not be understood as advocat that the world is growing worse, but upon careful examination of the statis tics as compiled in this country, I am compelled to agree with the penologists of this country that the number of ar rests yenr by year, has been steadily in creasing beyond the increase of popula lation. Just the opposite facts are clear ly shown in England and Wales. Mr. Greene, late judge of the supreme and circnit courts of Michigan says; "We are half a century behind England in meth ods of the treatment of crime and in prison reform." The English records show that crime has been steadily de creasing in England and Wales for many years past. The actual number of ar rests and imprisonments have been steadily becoming smaller year by year, whilst in this country they are steadily growing larger. In England and Wales, eleven years ago, there were 31,504 pris oners locked up in their prisons. Last year there were only 21,277, showing a decrease of 10,227. This condition of things in our country as compared with England is very largely due to the bad methods in operation here. In England the administration of penal justice is wholly removed from politics. We know that this is not always the case in this country. Sometimes the warden of a penitentiary is appointed merely upon political grounds, when in many cases he is totally unfitted to fill such an important position. A man who is to have the re sponsibility of handling several hundred prisoners to the best advantage, with a view to the reformation of their lives, should be a man of the broadest educa tion and a man thoroughly fitted to fill the position. There ought to be opened in our State University a department for the training of men and women to fill these various positions of responsibility in our correctional and charitable insti tutions. In England officers enter the service in the prisons first in the lowest position, and after successfully passing the examination before the Civil Service Commission are promoted to a higher and more responsible position. In all chsps they are promoted strictly ac cording to merit, and, step by step, rise from one position of responsibility to another until they reach the highest position. During all this time they are not in the least danger of losing their positions unless they deserve it. In this way good officers are secured, men who are adapted to the work, men who make it their life work; and the law provides that after teu years of service these of ficers are entitled to a pension of one sixth of their salary. In 1878 the con trol of all local prisons of England and Wales was transferred to the general government. These prisons at that time numbered 113; within a few weeks after the transfer, fifty-four of them were dis continued altogether. Since that time there has been a having to the govern ment on an average of $420,000 annu ally. The most important advantages, however, of the change have been the great improvement in the prison disci pline, as well as uniformity. In many of the states in this country great improve ments have been made in the methods of dealing with the criminals under the in fluence of the State Bourds of Charities: As soon as we have such a board created in our state we shall look for greater changesand greater improvements, which will result in the reformation of many lives. Allow me, in conclusion, to appeal to you for co-operation in the efforts which, are made to bring about a better condi tion of things in our state. I make this appeal on the ground of Christianity. Ii make it. in the interest of humanity. I; make it on the ground of patriotism. We love this state of ours. We have chosen' this commonwealth for our homes. 1 "Breathes there a man with soul so dead that never to itself hath said, This is my own, my native land?" Moved by the highest spirit of patriot ism, let ns do all that we can to correct the abuses which are now prevailing in this loved state of ours. Let us combine Our Great Clubbing You Can Secure . . Jl Imrieai Jfopeopformist and. Jf Ualtf? By sending that amount Immediately to the publishers of this paper. Everybody knows What the Nonconformist is our National Paper. Gives all the news fresh from the battle-fields. It is f 1.00 per year, so is The Wealth Makers but by special arrangement with the Non Con we are enabled to send you both papers for one year for only fl.55. Old subscribers may take ad vantage of this offer as well as new ones. You Ought to Have It . 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They are put up on a folded sheet in a card covering, and the whole series can be had for 25 cents. The money derived from their sule will be used to purchase a largo new printing press for the colony paper, and every friend of reform should send a 25 cent silver piece in a letter. which can be mailed for two cents, and get those views, and in addition to help ing a good cause, receive an album of as fine art as can usually be purchased for two dollars. Address, Amy Demaree, Sec'y, Clinton, Mo. The Burlington route's new train tu Kansas City, St. Louis and Chicago, will leave Lincoln at 10.25 p. m. daily, arrivf ing in Kansas City at 7:40 a. m., St. Louis 4:45 p. m., and Chicago 2:30 p. m. Through sleeping car, Lincoln to St Louis, via Burlington and Keokuk, ai Burlington a Pullman parlor car con nects with this train for Chicago passen gers. For tickets and full information apply at B. & M. depot, or city office, cor. 10th and 0 Sts. G. W. Bonnell, 34t4 a P. & T. A. 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