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About The Wealth makers of the world. (Lincoln, Nebraska) 1894-1896 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 18, 1894)
( ji r 1 October 18, 1894. THE SUNFLOWER A Future Great Industry Ita Pres ent Development The Helianthus or Sunflower has been grown in some portions of the world as a garden flower several centuries (or orna mental purposes. Its value as a com mercial plant is of comparatively recent date. It had its first cultivation as an industry in Russia. The discovery of sunflower oil, as an article of food product, was an accident. It is recorded that a Russian farmer had procured some sunflower seed, to plant in his garden, and around his farm, to prevent sickness among his family. He had been told it wonld prevent disease. It occurred to him that there must be some medical properties in the seed, aud, prompted by this belief, he determined to smash some of the seed, and see if he could detect anything, by taste or smell, in the way of medicine. He Dut a Quantity of the seeds in a mortar, and pounded them into a fine meal, which he found to be rich in oil and not in medicine. He strained theoil thus obtained through a cloth, and found it to be clear and pleasant to the taste, so much so that he spread it over bread, which he ate with a relish, without ex periencing any inconvenience. Being so much pleased with his first experience, he then fried meat with the oil, and used it Md making bread, with the same satis factory results. He made known his discovery to the people in the neighborhood, who gave it the same trial, and united with the farm er in giving testimony as to its good qualities as a food product. He was not content to stop his experiment, in finding a palatable, table and cooking oil, for the humanfamily. Hebelievedthatthecake, from which he had pressed the oil, was a suitable feed for stock, and acting on this belief, he fed the cake to his cattle and horses, which they readily consumed, and, as afterwards proved, was found to be one of the very bestfeedsforlivestock. The next year a great number of farmers in that district planted large acreage in the sunflower, and commenced a new in dustry, which has continued to grow and spread in favor, until a large proportion of the farmers in southeast Russia have become engaged in growing this plant as one of the principal industries of the farm. . For an illustration as to how it has . grown in favor with the Russians within the past few years, the following figures, furni'jhed by an intelligent Russian ex pert, show the area of land taken up for sunnower cultivation m mat empire. For the years of 1886-7, as compared, with 1881-2, there were 367,889 acres in cultivation. There are two varieties of sunflower seed, known in the markets, designated as the large, and the small seed. The small kind are raised exclusively for the production of oil, whilst the large seeds are consumed, by the poor classes, for eating, the same as our American peanut. In countries where the plant has been successfully cultivated, it has been very profitable to the growers, where they VvOroduce the oil from their own seed, otherwise the middle man makes most of the profit. It requires very little ma chinery, and not expensive, foreach farm er to grind his seed and press the oil out, which he sells to the oil mills for refining, and the cake for stock feed. One of these farmers who has been growing the sun flower with satisfactory financial results, crives the average yield of seeds per acre. on goiid land, when property prepared "from 1450 to 1600 pounds, and, at the usual price paid for seed in that conn try 2ets the grower from ?28 to $dl per acre." His experience has proven that to grow the plant profitably, it is neces sary to have a rich soil, which must be compact and deep enough to sustain the long roots of the tali stalk, and the heavy flower, which needs the direct rays of the sun, as indicated by the name of the flower, which is continually turning its face to the sun, while growiug. The hotter the weather, the more sunshine, and moisture in the atmosphere, the stronger and larger grow the seeds. The experience ot another grower is giveu in these words: "Those persons who have cultivated the sunflower for thirty-five years (in Russia) find that the plant does not impoverish the soil, as most other oil producing plants, ' but rather improves the land. The best soil for growing the plant is mold or black land, mixed with sand. On thin soil, the seeas grow flat and small, and do not yield sufficient oil to make it profitable Fields where potatoes and peas have been grown without manure, are desirable for jrrovnnu the plant, it tnrives Dest on , newly plowed land, provided the soi does not contain too much clay. The . sunflower does not thrive profitably in e1ay suil." Experience of planters has proven that it can be cultivated in mold formed from dried marshes, but the soil must be entirely free from acids. Level lying land plenty of moisture, near streams of flowing water, is said to be the most desirable for its growth, and where the flower reaches its greatest per fection. Fresh stable manure should never be used or the plant will run to stalk, and does not produce a remunera tive yield of seed. The ground should be well covered with old and thoroughly rotted manure in the fall, aud carefully plowed and mixed with the earth, so that it will decompose before the next spring. Mr. Duncan, an extensive cotton plant er in'the Mississippi bottom, who visited liussia last year, for the purpose of gain ing information in regard to the culture of the sunflower in that country, gives his observation as follows: "The Rus sians, who grow the plant, generally sow the seeds after a crop of wheat and rye has been harvested from theland. Some sow after oats, and buckwheat,buthave found it less profitable to sow after the latter, as the buckwheat takes up such a large per oent. of potassium from the soil, the flower does not pay. It thrives and heads well after crops of rye and Clover, The laud intended to be planted is thoroughly plowed in the fall, nnd left until the next spring, at which time the seeds are sown, either io drills or broad cast. If in rows, they are planted from 11 to 24 inches apart, depending largely on the fertility of the soil. On some of the rich, black lands, they grow from four to six crops without resting the land. The Russians estimate that the stalks and leaves of one crop, if left on theland, will manure the soil sufficiently, to yield six or more crops consecutively without additional fertilizing. The roots of the stalks soon rot in the' ground and leave ' about one ton of manure per acre in the ' soil, which is very fine for the next crop. The plant requires but little attention, and labor, after planting, When it is about ten or twelve inches high, the field should be thoroughly cleaned of grass and weeds. That is all that will be re quired until harvest. Harvest time var ies according to soil, climate and the ex posure of the flower to thesun. Theusu al tune is fixed, from September first to October fifteenth. When the seeds are j fully ripe, the heads of the flower are cut ' from the stalk, and placed in drying i 6heds, for the purpose of curing them, i the sHine as curing leaf tobacco. When j the flower is fully dry, the seeds are thraxhed from the cups, and ried, ' and run through a fan mill, had are then readv for the seed mill." Mr. Duncan continues, "After carefully examining every feature of this new, and novel industry, as conducted by the Rus sians. I am induced to believe that, with our improved modes of farming, together with our climate and soil, that the culti vation of the sunflower can be made one of the best paying crops that the average American farmer can raise. When we take into consideration the great saving of labor, and expense in producing the crop ready for market, as com pared with others, it is wondetui. A distinguished botanist and chemist says, i here is no piani Known to me chemist, that enters more largely into general use than the sunflower, it only rival being the cotton plant. The flower is grown principally for the oil, but there is no portion ot it, from root to leaves, but what fills someuseful purpose." The sunflower products were, like all other new articles, when first placed before the public, in competition with goods of the same class, and they met opposition, which time aud energy could only over come. Some persons contended that sunnower oil was deleterious to health, if taken in to the system, and should not be recog nized as a food product, and that the oil cake was not fit to be used as feed for stock that it would poison the meat of thi heef catt e and the milk trom tne cows. Public opinion changed, and to day the refined sunflower oil, in Europe, ranks with the best French and Italian table and salad oil in point of flavor and purity. Olive oil is adulterated largely with sunflower oil, and sold on the mark et as pure olive oil. In many portions of the country this oil is preferred to all others for the table and for cooking pur poses. An American cnemisi, living av. Petersburg, in 1868, made a compound lard, taking sunflower oil as the base, which was pronounced superior to hogs' lard, in every respect, for domestic pur poses. Some of this compound was sent to a food exposition in Holland, and took the first prize, as pure refined hogs' lard. He then produced, from the same oil, oleomargarine, which also took a premium as creamery butter. From the residuum of the oil he manufactured fine washing and toilet soaps, which are standard brands in Europe and South America. Druggists use the refined oil in preparing liniments, salves, and hair lotions. When properly treated, it is used on the most delicate machinery as a lubricator. The annual output of all the sunflower oil mills, in value, is estimated at one million seven hundred thousand dollars, for the oil only. Oil cake is put at six hundred thousand dollars. The oil cake is largely consumed in Russia, Germany, England, Sweden, Denmark, and Holland, as feed for cattle. The stock raisers and farmers of those countries regard the oil cake as the best food to be obtained for cattle. They claim for it superiority over hemp or rape seed, for producing flesh on Deei carae; and equally as good for increasing the supply of milk in much cows, a uerman farmer reports that he increased the flesh on an ox two pounds per day by feeding on sunflower oil cake. These people also hold it in high esteem as a horse feed Thev sav it produces flesh and gives the hair a lively, slick appearance. The dried cups are fed to sheep, and the faulty seed are used as feed for barnyard fowls. In many sections, where wood is scarce, the stalks and shells are used as fuel, which answers asagoodsubstitute. The ash from the sunflower contains a large per cent, of potassium. Experiments have proven that 1,000 pounds of dried stalks yields 57 pounds of ash, and from 1,000 pounds of ash 350 pounds of the best potassium is obtained. According to the analysis of chemists, the ash of the sunflower contains about 30 per cent, of potassium, and it is alsoclaimed by these scientists, that, if the soil is very rich, the plant will take up 50 per cent, of potassium. The ashes are sold to soap makers. From the fiber of the stalk is manufactured the finest varieties of writing paper, which bear a close resem blance in color and texture to parchment. A Russian capitalist, who is on a tour of observation in this country, with a view of investigating the possibility of engaging in the cultivation of the sun flower on a large scale, has come to the conclusion, from what he has seen and learned of the country and climate, that there is no place where the plant can be more successfully and profitably raised than in the United States, with the sav ing of labor, an) expense of raising and preparing the seed for market, certainty of crops, aud good prices will be a great i inducement to larmers to try the experi ment. "Why," said he, "raiseyourcrop, and you will have a market atyour farms for every pound of seed you raise. Capi tal is only waiting for the American fiirmers to start the enterprise, and a ready sale for seed, oil, cake, stalks, hulls, cups and everything belonging to the sunflower will be in demand." Home Made Fllosofy. BI UNKKL PETE, Milyunairs air the filosofers uv kon tent. ou kant Hurt plutockrasy bi votiu the Bairn ticket it duz. What kongress haint dun fur the peo ple wood fil a big book. The religion that iz based on supe haz a mitey poor foundashun. The man who prays rite and votes rong iz tu blind tu git tu heaven. We kaint trust the preecher who wont preech agin the hell he sees. It iz wurth aul the salery a man gits i now tu defend the reckard uv the Demi kratic party. What this kuntry needs az mutch az ennything else iz a lot uv old fashioned honesty. The fellers what iz got the offices sa THE thair party it aul rite, and it ii on the salery questshun. Thare woodent be enny tramps if thare wuzent some tramp maikers. The tramp iz bad enuff, but the man who helps tu maik hira is 1000 times wurser. Sivilizashun konsists in steelin a man's munny and then arrestiu him fur not bavin enny. When you kant mete a man's argument the best way tu git even with him iz tu kaul him a krank. Bi klose count thare iz 27 different kinds uv Demikrats with several moar kiuds a sproutin. Thare izent mutch differents between biziness and steelin. I gess steeling iz a little more respecktibel. If the church expeckts tu du enny gud fur God and humanity, it haz got tu get off the skurts uv aristocracy. It iz mi kandid opinyun that the low prices uv horses iz kauzed bi an overpro dutshun nv gu vernment jackasses. The ritch cuss kant see the poverty and distress uv the peepel becoz he has got a gold dollar tu klose tu hiz ize. Thare izent half as menny Demikratic and Reoublikan patriots now az thare wuz bei the konvenshuns was held. A big salary duzent hurt a Demikrat neer as much when he iz drawin uv it at it duz when a Republikan iz drawin uv it. Sum men who air drivin mules ort to bee in kongress, and sum men who air in konirress ort tu be drivin mules, and sum others ort tu be in the penitenshiury tnakin gimlet handels. We kant see why it iz not constitoo shenal fur the guvernment tu isshne greenbacks tu pa men tu work, when it iz konceded that it iz knostitushenal to to isshue them tu pa men tu fite. Buzz Saw. WORKING BEACTlPUtiliY. Tbe Rapid Concentration of the land Into Few Hands. The land-owners increased in number, between 1880 and 1890, in these United States, according to the government cen sus, but 2 per cent while the "renters'' increased 40 per cent. At the same time the foreign nabobs and combines, after impoverishing their own countries, and making their own people peasants, are coming over here to reduce our popula tion to the same level. Read the follow ing: - "Immense areas of valuableground are held by wealthy foreigners, most of whom are Englishmen. A receut table, widely published, fixed the total of such alien holdings at 23,uuu,uuu acres, uisinuuieu as follows: Names. Acre. An KnKlish syndicate No. 8, In Texas... 3,(100,000 The Holland Land company. New Mexico 4.500,000 Sir Edward Reld and a syndicate In Florida 2,000,000 Viscount Scully, In Illinois 8.OUO.0U0 English syndicate in Mississippi l.KOO.000 Marquis of Tweedale , 1,750,000 Phillips, Marshall Co., London l,3M),t00 German syndicate - 2,100.000 Anttlo-Amertcan syndicate, Mr. Rogers, president, London 750,000 iir,.,.,. h Eiiuia or London, in MisBlssl- nnl 700.000 Iinte of Sutherland 425,000 nritish Land company, in Kansas 820,000 William whnilev. M. P. Peterboro. Eng land - r L" 310,00 Missouri Land company, Edinburgh, n.t.ln.nrl 400.000 Robert Tennant, of London 280,000 Dundee Land company, Scotland 247,000 Lord Dun more 120.000 Benjamin Newgas, Liverpool mo u'i l.nrrt HnnnhtoD. in Florida 60.000 Lord Punraven, Colorado 60.000 English Land company, in Florida ro.ikmi English Land company. In Arkansas 60,000 ioianrlBr Urant. of London, in Kansas 35,000 vniriiah avnriiratA- renresented by Close Bros., Wisconsin 110,000 m imianhniituir. nf Halifax. Nova Scotia, in West Virginia 500.000 Rovson. Danish consul, In Milwaukee 60,000 uimniiri i.Bnil comDsnT, of Edinburgh, Scotland 155,000 Total - 2S'000,000 "In the face of this startling array it may well be questioned wnetner our British cousins did not blunder in calling attention to the few pitiful sheep farms hontrht ud by acoupleof American pluto crats in Scotland. It is fair to add to the Anglo-American estates above enumerat ed the enormous holdings in Manhattan realty bv Sauire William Waldorf Astor, the rentals of which are being spent for thp maintenance of English estates and decrepit Pall Mall journals." Is that not a startling exhibit? Think nf it. If that land was divided up into 40 acre tracts it would furnish homes for 575,000 families, of six persons each, or 3,450,000 people. It has been demon strated in the state of New York that eleven acres will furnish a living for one adult person. In France many of the farms range from one to five and ten acres. And remember that the only nolitical party in the United States that protects against this alien ownership of land, is the People's party. If they get into power they will take possession of those 23,000,000 acres, pay a reasonable price for them, and throw them open to actual settlers at cost , price. No man who is not a citizen or resident of this country should be permitted to take pos session of vast areas of our soil aud keep the children of the country without homes. It is a villainous outrage that should be stamped out at once. It is an attempt to re-enact the history of Ire land in tins free and powerful country. , The People's party and the People's party alone are making a fight against this great evil. Read tho land plank of the Omaha platform. You will find nothing like it in the platforms of the two old frauds. Come in widi us, breth ren, and give the people through the People's party a chance to redress the people's wrong. This is the day of fate. We need you. Ign atius Donnelly. Creamery Package Mn'fg Company, DEPT. E, . . . . . KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI. We Carry the Largest Engines and Boilers, from 2 to 76 horse-power. Feed Cookers, of any desired capacity, Creamery Supplies, Etc. of every description. IT O M NEW ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE and SMlal duntjitlnna Pn. n rk..ia ifntnit:niined!ii.iir. upon application "Bwreki1 "ft lieu Writing to tuls Adveniserri'losM s job ssw llielrAdvL la tUlt Pspsr. WEALTH MAKERS THE OWNERSHIP OF THE EARTH There's qnestioa now uprising. Deep affecting every hearth, Speedl jg on with speed surprising 'Tla the ownership ot the earth; And the sag and man ot letters, Gaiing on the future years. Bees tbe falling ot the tetters Sees the drying np ot tears, ' Men are learning now the folly Ot the claim that man at birth Is a trespasser, and wholly Void ot claim Ut mother earth. Let no tyrant bind thy knowledge In a cell so cramped and small: Seek thy lore at nature's college This fair earth was made for all. ' Think ye that tbe God of nature, When creation had Its birth. Dreamed that there would rise a creature That would buy and sell the earth? Who should extort from his fellow 'Grinding landlord's tribute high, ' Ere on earth the poor may pillow Aching head and drooping eye? Pause and ponder, friend and brother; 'TIs a law ot hellish birth, That one man must from another Buy a right to dwell on earth. But the mind ot man is growing; Soon tbe writing on the wall To the tyrant will be showing That the earth whs made for all. ' i Selected. Nationalize the Telegraph The following letter was written by Hon. James M. Brown, late Postmaster of Toledo, Ohio: LONDON, AUg. 1, 1BU4. An investigation into the rapid transit of mails into foreign countries, necessari ly involves the use of the telegraph, be cause in England, France and Germany the latter is also monopolized by the Government, and used asan auxiliary to the postal service. It may be of interest to some readers to know- something of the organization and usefulness of this arm of the postal service in the largest pitv nf the world. The centra te ecraph ofllce ot fcngiana is located in the Central llo.val Postoflice building in St. Martin's-Le-Grand, in the h..nrt, of the trreat city. The staff of this 1 teWranh office on the 12th of August. 1 85)4, consisted ot a,ai persons, as follows: Up,, 2,216 Women J Messengers..! The uav of operators ranges from $3 to 818.25 per week in the case of men, and from f2.50 to $9.50 per week in case nf women. The normal hours of duty are eight lor rinv work and seven for night work. The wnriipn work onlv between 8 a. m. and 8 p, m., the night work being performed entirely bv men over twenty years of age The women are also practically exeuius from Sunday work, although they are liable to be called upon in case ol necessi t.v. Cloak and dining rooms are provided in an adjoining building, approached by covered bridires from the instrument gal leries, so that the employes pass between the two as from one room to another. Dinners are supplied by a co-operative arrangement amongst the staff, under the management of a committee of their own hodv. whose duty it is to see that wholesome meals are provided at a cheap rate. This committee has a cash fund exceeding $ 100,000 a year. A cup of tea and bread and butter are also provided by the Postofflce Department gratis, and served out at the instruments to those remaining on duty after 5 p. m. Tbecost nf this is about 215.000 a year, but the fact that the employes remain at thei work, represents, it is claimed, a saving which more , than counterbalances the ex Dense. All employes are allowed annual holi 'days, varying from a fortnight to month, according to grade and the nature of their employment. The department maintains a school of telegraphy, which is attacneo to tne cen tral office, and all employed areeducated there, and drafted from thisschool, when they have attained a fixed standard of efficiency and as vacancies arise The La bor AdAocate. Modern Business Etbica Teaches) That it is wrong to take, physically. and appropriate to your own use, that which belongs to another individual; but that it is right to take intellectually through interest, rent and profit, and ap- propriate to your own use the fruits of another person's toil. It also teaches that the first method of securing wealth without earning it is stealing, or robbery and that the recipient of such wealth should be sent to tha penitentiary; that the second method of securing wealth without earning it, is business, and that tbe recipient if successful in making a big haul should be admitted into the best society and as a member to the leadin church in the town, in fact, that he should be toasted and feasted by all his fellow citizens as a rewardforhis splendid business moral (?) qualities. ' Strange as it may seem to the uninitia ted, so prevalent is the custom to do homage to the energetic business man and successful financier, that as a rule the people whom they rob through their sharp practices, bow down and worship them, and their methods by which they get something for nothing. H. S. Alky, M. D. Evansvili.e, Ind., Oct. 15. Ex President Harrison left here at 9 o'clock this morning on a special train over the Air line for Indianapolis. Stops were made at New Albany, Jeflersonville and other points where meetings had been arranged. Stock la the Wert of FVf d CoofcM W. Castor, Pres. , P. Horse, Viee-Prm. O. L. Lincb. The Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company of Nebraska. The Largest, Best and Cheapest in the Over v JU OOO 000 .. Insurance Losses Paid Mora Promptly than Any Old Line and Lightning, wind and Tornado, at on Assessment. Furnishes Insurance to Now in F " 2 Effect... q - Paid in Full and no debt standing against the Company. Home Office: 245 So, 11th St, PURELY i1 -A. 2S DO ' T .'. : 2 , NEBRASKA MUTUAL finis, uuuiniKua uiuuunsinsuuuHtivuaruiii. urer half million Insured. Have paid over 1600.00 In losses. Have had but one assessment, 10c per 1100.00. J. Y. X. Bwiqabt, secretary. Lincoln, Meb. fyAgents wanted. Irrigated Farm Lands IN THE . FERTILE SAM LUIS VALLEY, COLORADO. T HE SAN LUIS VALLEY, COLORADO, is a stretch of level plain about as large as the State of Connecticut, lying between surrounding ranges of lofty mountains and watered by the Rio Grande River and a score or more of small tributary streams. It was the bottom of a great sea, whose de posits have made a fertile soil on an average more than ten feet deep. The mountains are covered with great deposits of snow, which melt and furnish the irrigating canals with water for the farmers' crops. The Climate is Unrivaled. Almost perpetual sunshine, and the elevation of about 7,000 feet dispela all malaria, nor are such pests as chinch bugs, weevil, etc., found there. Flowing artesian wells are secured at a depth, on an average, of about 100 feet, and at a cost of about $25.00 each. Such is" the flow that they are being utilized for irrigating the yards, garden and vegetable crops. The pressure is sufficient to carry the water, which is pure, all through the farmers' dwellings. Irrigation. Already several thousand miles of large and small Irrigating canals have been built and several hundred thousand acres of lands made available for farming operations. Irrigation is an insurance against failure of crops, because suc cess is a question only of the proper application of water to them. The loss of a single corn or wheat crop in Nebraska, for instance, wonld more than equal the cost of irrigating canals to cover the entire state, so important is the cer tainty of a full crop return to any agricultural state. The San Luis Valley will grow j Snrina wheat oats, barley, peas, hops, beans, potatoes, vegetables and all kinds of small fruits and many of the hardier varieties of apples, pears and all kinds of cherries. In the yield of all these products ft has nbvbb been surpassed by ant otheb SECTION OS THE CONTINENT. f Forty Acres Enough Land. Forty aches is enough land for the farmer of ordinary means and help. Ue sides the certainty of return, the yield, under the conditions of proper irriga tion, will average far more than the 160-acre farms in the Mississippi and Missouri Valleys, and the outlay for machinery, farming stock, purchase money, taxes, etc., are proportionately less. There are a hundred thousand acres of such lands located in the very heart of the San Luis Valley, all within six miles of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, convenient markets and shipping stations, for sale at $15.00 per acre. Most of these lands are fenced and have been under cultivation and in many instances have wells and some buildings, everything ready to proceed at once to begin farming. A small cash payment only is required where the purchaser immediately occupies the premises, and long time at seven per cent, interest is granted for the deferred payments. A Specially Low Homeseekers Rate will be made you, your family and friends. Should you settle on these lands the amount you paid for railroad fare will be credited to you on yonr pay ments; and remember the laud is perfectly and thoroughly irrigated, and the land and perpetuel water rights are sold you for less than other sec tions ask for simply the water rights without the land. No better lands exist anywhere on EARTH. For further particulars, prices of land, railroad fare, and all other information call on or address, if. Hi. (Mention this paper.) BE0WNELL BL00& Manager Sulpho-Saline ... wmm mmmmmm tMsass mshssssssssbi smmmbkb, Bath House 4. and Sanitarium. Corner 14th and M Ets , Lincoln, Neb. Open at All Hours Day and Night. All Forma of Baths. Turkish, Russian, Roman and Electric With special attention to the appllcatloa ot Natural Salt Water Baths Bereral times stronger than sea water. Rheumatism, Skin, Blood and Nerroas Dis ss, Liver and Kidney Troubles and Chronio Ailments art treated successfully. iSea Bathing; mnr be enjoyed at all seasons In our larire SALT BYVIMMINO POOL, Ml 143 leet, to 10 Imt deep, seated to oallorm tempera tare ot 80 degrees. DBS M. H and J. 0 EVERETT, Managing Physician A. Gbiiiumyib, Treaa. State Agent. Farm Mutual Insurance Companj State. Over 7,000 on hand. . Thirty-two g? Losses Paid in 1894 Company Doing Bnslness. Insure against Fir far snt. Has ran in re years witnoui any the Farmers at Actual tost. AU 1 LINCOLN, NEB, MUTUAL 3 CP o o 3 jucprsr, Colorado Land & Immigration Co., . - LEJOOLN, NEB The New Commonwealth. THB great People's party paper of New York, and organ of the Co-Operatlve movement of tbe United States, and Canada. Price, SO Cents Per Year. x Sample Copies Free Address, New Commonwealth, 706 Macon St, Bbookltv, N. T. HOW OFFERS Reduced : Rates I for round trip tickets to Tourist Points. . . . AMONG THEM . . . Hot Springs, Dead wood. Rapid City. St. Paul, Minneapolis, Dulnth, Ashland, Bayfield, Madison, Milwaukee, Oconomowco, Wis. And other points too numerous to men tion in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, Ontario, Etc. , ? , - For rates, maps, etc., see S. A. Mosher, A. S. Fielding, Gen'l ARt, City T'kt. Agt. 117 So. 1 0th St., Lincoln, Neb. Depot: Cor. S and 8th Sts. W. B. LiKca, See'y. Many