"
VOL. V.
LET U8 EXOHAHGE VIEWS
In the time intervening between now and
the date of the People's Independent Stele
Convention this and ancceedlng column will
to open to the Populists of the stale to pro
nose candidate forth ticket of 'W. and for
United States Senator, and to show reason for
individual preference. We nball not have
trmce for anything more than names aad brief
reason for the choice made, berau e we wlitb
i hear from a great many. Lkt no mam be
if bk puoposcu roKOrrioa who t;H ahactkb
V. WILL A mTUU.KftVAU JCALIKlCATJONS
TO- WRITER WILL MOT PIUSOHA1XY VOUCH
ton. u any candidates seem to be lead Inn
whom our readers cannot conscientiously auu
port, by all meana let ua know why tbey are
strenuously objected to. Bullet us respectone
auolber's views, av id anything tending to
disharmony If It be potHlble without sacrifice
f principles, and hear willingly those who dif
fer with ua. ''In a multitude of counselors
i here Is safety." But wiihmsny to t.earfrora
each mnat be brief. KdltorWiALTB Makrka.
He Want Gafllu For Governor.
Lakcastkb Co., April 2, 1894.
Editor Wealth Makers:
la your editorial of last week under
the beading, "Let us Exchange Yiewi"
you hare, in my judgment, Bounded the
key-note which will lead to a more In
telligent choice, and I trust a better
and more available set of nominees for
the several state officers at the coming
state convention, than could be secured
in any other way. Having at beart the
best interest of the People's party, and
ao "ax to grind," your humble servant
feels impelled to take a band in this
political, educational course which you
have suggested.
I deem it of great importance) that our
party ticket be headed this year with a
clean, honest, competent, tried and
true Populist. Mr. Editor, we farmers
want no mugwumps. We want a true
blue Populist. With a mingled degree
of pride aid shame, I hear the name of
Mayor Weir of Lincoln mentioned for
the exalted position of governor ot our
proud state. I am proud that my own
county might have the distinguished
honor of heading the ticket, but
ashamed that Populists should for a
moment seriously contemplate such a
suicidal course. But enough of this for
this time. If it becomes serious you
may expect to hear from me again with
some reasons why he should not be
nominated. For governor we want a
man who stands firmly on the Omaha
platform: Is in full sympathy with the
tolling masses, whether found on the
farm or in the cities; who has executive
ability and is unpurchaseable. I feel,
Mr. Editor, that I am naming such a
man in the person of our honored
speaker of the House, J. N. Gaffin, of
Saunders covnty. Let us nominate and
elect Hon. J. N. Oaflln for governor.
T. C.
Mayor Weir.
Editor Wealth Makers:
We fully agree with your correspond
ent, Edwin LeFevre, when he says, "If
the Populists desire to reap a harvest
of stay at home votes they have only to
nominate conservative candidates" (we
add, and place them on a meaningless
platform.
Whether conservatives will It or not,
the Populist party Is destined by an un
en power to be a radical party or
nothing.
But if Mayor Weir would go before
thePopullstoonvention and pledge him
self to sign all Populist bills of a reform
nature, and see to In forcing the law
providing for the investment of the
school fund, and ses that all available
state funds are placed on interest ac
cording to law, with these pledges given
we do not think your correspondent
gives sufficient reasons why Mayor
Weir may nut beoome an available can
didate. Of course his business record
as Mayor and fcl strength in Lincoln
are quettloo for careful consideration.
The coining convention should not da
part from the precedent already estab
lished, of calltag Its nominees Wore
ojwa convention and eklng pledges oa
the Populist Una of action.
The party should adopt plain, out
pU3a, otar cut state platform, with a
preamble particularising the shorioonv
iagt ol the present lUpubllcaa, law
'fytog, Uw-3faaDf incumbent,
T nominate) active uea who
riccrd hi home tor bonet'y, sobriety
and tMttnet ability Is above rsproich.
h.wii mua, pledged U carry out the
.L alpUs of the party, r sure to U
la tU iutulag t-oeWti J, r!Mh
ittm, Nib.
The tiiait at Men Weir Appelate.
ir Wiui.ru Mamckh.
i five nrwUa a list ( dotogakitap
p. !Mil lt strata by Mayor Wl? o
attend the Irrigation convention at
at Omaba. Comment is unnecessary.
All of them are extreme partisans,
either Republican or Democratic, and
there is not one that has the least
sympathy with Populist ideas. It is
well that those who advocate Mr.
Weir's nomination for governor should
know just what kind of men will be his
associates and advisors and appointees,
should he become chief executive:
E. Bignell, superintendent B. & M.
railroad.
N. 3. Harwood, president First Na
tional Bank.
A. J. Sawyer, Jspecial pet of J. Ster
ling Morton. '
E. R. S zer, banker and real estate
speculator.
J. B. Erien, Republican official.
J. G. P. HUdebrand, Democrat.
J. J. Gtililan, real estate.
C T. Boggs, bond broker.
U. M. Busbnell, editor railroad daily
paper.
A. B Heath, editor.
C. H. Gere, editor State Journal.
EJ. Slossoo, agent U. P. R. R Co.
R. O. Phillips, land speculator.
C. A. Rutherford, agent Rock Island
R. II.
Geo. H. Hastings, attorney general.
J. S. O'Shee, Republican alderman.
Paul Holm, real estate.
H. C. Young, real estate.
Fritz Westermann, attorney.
A. Hogeland, Republican.
Yours Truly,
. :L
Houest John Power Re-nominated.
Stoddard, Neb., March 25, '04.
Editor Wealth Makers:
Responding to your leading editorial
of March 22nd, requesting views of
Populists as to who should be our candi
dates for governor aad other state offi
cers, I have this to say; That there is
one man above all others that should be
elected and seated. His name is honest
John Powers, or ex Governor Powers.
In short, I would like to vote as near
as possible for that first ticket. It wa
a winner and will be a winner if nomi
nated this year, sure.
As for congressmen; W. H. Decb,
from the Fourth district, is good enough
far me. From what I know- about it
these men are tuy choice. But I will
veto the Populist ticket if good and
honest and reliable Populists are
nominated.
I will not vote for a Bryan Democrat,
because they have nothing to hold them
but the name of their party, while I
have everything to forsake to vote for
them.
No fusion for me, not much. I had
rather be run over in the middle of the
road than to be lost among the stumps
outside. Yours Fraternally,
Norman Cowdin.
Mr. Fairvhiid Wants Gaffin for
Governor.
Oakdale, Neb., March 31, '94.
Editor Wealth Makers:
For the last five months many of our
people have been discussing the poliil.
cal situation, and tu question of fusion
with the Democratlo party appeared in
the distant hot !oa;but It suddenly dis
appeared, like vapor before the noon
day sun. And as w take a survey of
the situation In Nebraska, we find the
Populist forces strongly entrenched in
all the rural district throughout the
state. The people are confident in the
righteousness of their cause and the
jutnM of their demands. They an
proud of the acta of their senators and
representative in Cong re, while
they are forctd to look upon the act of
the two old parties and the present ad-
mtnUtraUoa with distrust and dbgust,
aad the sane Is true hta applied to
our state. All thing serve to solidify
and strengthen the Popuilst army
Wall confusion, dlfalonf, distrust
aad desertion are ry whr appersnt
In the tanks of the IVtmorraUo and IU
pubitoaa partb. The honest, fair
iblidud votr of these tw old parties
will at continue tu bu feclj in thfir
ret, at any lwnjer thaa till tby Me that
Ulr vote I wuu! help bring about tk
much add lfurms by being fait
with (he lYpullst i arty.
IM bow prepare our f'f tvir the
ua vomtng eotWt, and o ear
t wr-i'iiv)) via 4ri
LINCOLN, NEB., THURSDAY, APRIL 12, 1894
CREATION'S FINAL LAW
The Written Law and the Spirit of Law
lefsness.
THE THREE H ATI0S AL OON0EFTI0H8
The Chtietian Conception of Law The
State Does Not Make Law, but Dis
covers It Final Law of Society.
Ilr. Ilerroav Teacher.
The readers of The Wealth Mak
ers may have had occasion to observe
the notices concerning Dr. Herron's
books which have appeared in its col
umns. In view however of the lectures
which we are to publish, it is desirable
that our readers should get a glimpse
net so much of Dr. Herron the public
man, but Dr. Herron tho teacher. The
department of applied Christianity in
Iowa College, Grlnnell, Iowa, the chair
ft which he fills, is something unique in
the educational world. It is not a
divinity school, not a department for
the examination of the dogmas of
Christianity the system, but for the
consideration of the principles- of
Christianity the life, and their appli
cation to the present needs of the
world. Its work is thus eminently
practical and of incalculable value to
young men and women about to enter
active life. The work of this depart
ment is divided into two courses, "the
Philosophy of Christianity," and
"Christian Sociology." The former is
an examination of the principles upen
which Christ wased his teachings; an
investigation of the philosophical value
of the principles of brotherhood and
sacrifice which distinguishes the teach
ings of Christ from all previous sys
tems, and the interpretation according
to these principles of the leading Chris
tian doctrines of atonement, forgive
ecu, redemption, &e.
Tho course in Christian Sociology
consists of three parts: first, a discussion
of the nature of Sociology as a science
snd a short review of its history; second,
an examination of the Sermon on tho
Mount, which is the written constitution
of Christian society, and theprlnclples
laid down in it; and third, a discussion
of present social institutions the
family, state, church and organized in
dustryin the light of Christ's teach
ings. The article in this paper Is rn
abridgment of three lectures on "Law"
as one of the departments of the Chris
tian state. The report does not claim
to be strictly verbatim, still most of the
phraseology Is Dr. Herron's. It will
probably speak better than any possible
comment for the quality of teaching
which Dr. Herron's classes receive;
yet his students almost without excep
tion would benr witness that there is
something in the character aad person
ality ot the man, something nv.ro effec
tive and more inspiring than any lan
guage cm represent.
Beside filling the chair of Applied
Christianity In Iowa College Dr. Herron
I also instructor of the National Insti
tute of Christian Sociology, whloa will
hold a summer sewlon at Grlunell this
year and will number aniug itstsachsrs
such me as Profs. Ely and Common.
Pres. G. A. Gates, Kv. 0. Fay Mills,
J. P. Co vie, Claton Williams, Joslah
Strong, Ac. Further ano.iuuoenienu
concerning this school will be given in
this paper.
Tin ciiRumx tuxcurnoN OK LAW.
(!(Hrv4 from lrtar tit Prof, (lea, D- Herron,
; luwav.xiuigs I
We Americans are the "teat lawless
people lathe world. Krcn China and
Uusla are more law-abiding and show
a smaller proportion of crime. More
nnrjer la proportion to the pouulaUo
are evmsntiied la the United ritat
than la any other clvtllttd aatLn f
the world. V are boomlag drilled
la a spirit of laleana; oar lagUla
tutts r venal and bare lost almost all
eoa option ot obligation t tl law of
JxsUj. Tr U abroad In tw land a
(,ltlt t f fatal Is to nbk'U uua fa sslyiaj
optimism, but )' raiif ihimUwi S
Mln4as to th rr U tU uf ala'rs. It
It U a sign of lh 1 1 gr4ft.a to whlrh
e have fUa lltl d not rvalue
tktt we ar falUn it all. W hara be
csat a"custtnae(.' to think of org autit
tions which are strong enough to over
ride the law and habitually do It-as
needing the special protection of the
law, and thus it has com to past that
w Amerloans more than any other
people need to get a true conception of
the majosty of law.
The growing prevalence of lynch law
and the organization of vigilance leag
ue la many of our cities I a sign that
the people are losing faith In our cour's
as Instruments of justice. The heroic
struggle oi Dr. Parka urat to enforce
what Is tho written law made In the
face of opposition from those officers
who have sworn to execute the law is a
noble spectacle, but a sad comnnnt on
the lawlessness which reigns In our
greatest city. The cross is always a
glorious sight, but the back ground of
moral degradation behind tho cross is
awful to look upon, . The railroads of
Chicago are yearly defying the author
ity of that great city, ut erly refusing
to raise their crossings in the face of a
city ordinance. A railroad superinten
dent recently said, ''The Interstate
Commeroe act is violated by every road
in the United State once every fifteen
minutes." All this is a aad commout
on the lots of faith on tho part of the
people lo the power of the courts to en
force justice.
Three different conceptions, of law
appear in history, the Hebrew, the
Romao, and the French conception of
re-revolutionary days, which was
largely embodied in the foundations of
our nation. There has never been an
Anglo Sixon theory of law. For the
most part the Anglo-Saxons have fol
lowed the Roman concept, tempered
occasionally by the Hebrew spirit, as
in the days of the English common
wealth, and by the Frenob, as in the
Constitution of the United States.
To the Hebrews law was simply the
utteranoe of the mind of God concern
ing man. In thoir minds obedience to
law was communion with God it was
worship. Law was the method by
which God and man worked together,
understood each ether and moved for
ward in the progress of the world. It
was something more than letter. "Oo,
how lova I thy lal" does not refer to
the Bible, nor to tie written Hebrew
code. "The word of God" to them
meant nothing written, but the expres
sion of the mind and will of God. The
Psalmist loved what God willed; he
loved the law because it was the method
of righteousness. Hebrew law was sub
jective rather than objective. In it the
protection and police functions were
only incidental was the education of
man in the will of God the education of
the nation in righteousness. Nowhere has
the sacred ness of human life been so
clearly enunciated as in the Hebrew
law, and yet tho emphasis is always
upon the awfal subjective effect of the
sin of murder on the murderers, rather
than its objeotlve effect on tho victim.
The emphasis in the Bible story of the
first murder is not upon the fact that
Able was killed, butjtbat Cain Ulledhim.
Ths Hebrew would have regarded with
honor aoy conception ot law as being
secular; it was a part of their religion
and always looked to God as It source.
2. In its origin Itiman law also was a
oonoeptlon tf obligation to moral power
and justice. It was born out of a great
moral majesty of character la the early
Romans, but It lacked discernment of
the essential nature of law, just ca and
authority, and thus like the Hebrew
law needed fulfillment In the higher
conception ot Christ. It regarded law
as power orr mon rather than ii men,
thus distinguishing justice from mercy.
White the Hebrew regarded law a
the expression of the ntUd of the poo
pl, Totwsure, the Uman did not
Include their dopendeat da set as
atnoeg tut "people' who wera to bo
represented, and It is als true that the
aaclsot conception of law became ntnch
degraded la the day ot the emperor;
but something ot thl IJoa always re
niaiatd, at Wast in tbe Ugal form. Taa
Hebrew anil lUman conception are
cmbincd and fu III ltd la tbe 1'hrUlUa
theory of taw,
3 Tti TiesKh th?y t U Is hut
red la Uss It rvgacds U
f uaunttNi of InDvlduid litwity aud aa
eiUnsiontd ludlilduat IU,-us, TUI
i. it Ualy narMt!u eijutviuti uf
l bae wimjkUI lue-if out la tbe tali
MUtiorU of Htvtfty hWk dotUoaWi
W N
the world especially Amerloa today.
The law of the future as woll a of tbe
past is not to make men independent ot
earn other but to associate them to
gether la dlvino dependence. "Free
dom without will," says Hegel, "1 an
empty word;" and be was right if h
hod gone on to define what will means.
Hill it righttoutness. There is so will
where there I sin, for sin is the failure
of the will. In the last analysis of
things there is but one will and the
personality of man is free only as It
moves towards worklog out that will of
the world.
4. The Christian conception of law
continues the Hebrew idea ot the edu
cational function of law, and is dearly
brought out by Paul in his letter to th
R jmans where he speak ot the law as our
(CBoolmastor to bring us to God. Lau
cannot make men righteous; tho prophet
and th apostle never thought that it
could. Law is not something fixed and
mechsnlcal, but something vital; its pur
pose is not to compel men save only
incidentally and as a makeshift, but for
men to study, feed upon and love, a
the old Hebrew PsalmUt who conceived
ot law as the sacrament by which he
drjw his life from God. Again, lau mutt
bt progressive. It must be a oontinuou
growth. We cannot break from the
past, nor can wo remain fixed where we
are without falling into decay and death.
Tho moment that a law say "I am
complete, I have said the last word on
this subject," that moment it becomes
a tyranny, a despotism and a blas
phemy upon the earth; and the tyranny
of a court, code or interpretation of the
law may be infinitely worse than thatof
a personal despot. The man who Is
obedient truly to tho letter of the law
is not lave full, he has only the husk of
law, and has missed its whole heart,
which is rove. The judge who insist
in determining hi deoislons in this age
by tho precedents of a past age if an
anarchist, grossly Ifnorant of the real
nature of law, If you study the history
ot revolutions you will find that tbe
immediate occasion of moat of tbtm has
been this very thing of making prece
dent instead of progress the decisive
element in law. Many such systems
have attempted to tie up the world to
tombstones, but the result is that the
tombstones aro uprooted and over
thrown. This oondltion 'of things is
rapidly coming about la our country at
the present time Even In our supreme
courts thore is scarcely the thought
that the deolsion of a court have any
relation whatever to justice. The only
way that we can get progressive laws
is by beating them into the heads of
our legislatures by extra-governmental
means.
The interpretation of yesterday Is
sever justice for today; the logic of
being bound by precedent is always
revolution. Lawyers and judges all
know that if they will they can oast
away the technicalities and strive to
get at the heart of tbe law in the admin
istration of justice; but when men have
lost all regard for law itself, tboy im
mediately become sticklers for the
letter ot the law.
ThetM does not make lau. It dis
covers and interprets law, but it no
more makes a law ot justice than a
chemist makes a law of chemistry. We
reach the true oonoeptlon of the end of
law la that expression of Paul's which
bat suffered more tros pious general
debility tbaa almost any other of th
much abused Scripture texts: "Love Is
the iuifiltlng of taelaw, Paul is not
speaking here aa a priest or a tentl
naenultit, but a a philosopher. By lo
he doe not moan a feeling in the indi
vidual heart, but the union of humanity
In love, mutualism, brotherhood.
Shitty is the fulfilment of the written
law. The end tf all law It th associa
tion ot mta It virtus, righteouineis,
lova, and the luajtlon of written law
baa always bwea that of a scuff aiding, te
build up and carry forward humanity to
tu on law of association. There I
no moral freedom or right save that
whkh It born ( f thl fun laiiental law,
tad no Individual will do Jut tioe or nwv
j j.tica uatll 11 1 have Usm rvalUvd
la that goruam nation of perfect ttiy.
H'r our statute o kwm Chrt
tiaq. oue lyr and Ju4vi truly win
wa4 otr thfilogtv vi 1, a a aatua
rautt gtt th ooaovptloa of the true feur
: vll at l end tf !, whlih 1
lb aitlB tOUlaJ OfJiT.
- v' trf
NO. 43
This, then, mast be the final alas of
any Christian theory of law. Ho law
which we can enforoe external to a
man's voluntary moral nature can make
him right The righteousness of th
world today is above all law. Statute
today a in th time of Paul are not for
th good, but for the evil; for righteous
ness transcends all written law, aad lav
1 but a mean to righteousness. Law
fulfill itself in the association of men
in justice which 1 voluntary, mutual;
which cometh not from the law eourt
and policeman, but from above and
the expression is not mystical from
the very spirit of God. Law can tare
itlf only by losing itself. To fulfill
it own ends It must educate the people
so that they will no longer have need
of it. The association of men la love
will promise a quality ot liberty and
justice which no code can ever produoe,
and it Is this consciousness of unity
among men which will characterise tbe
coming social epoch. It is a very crude
oonoeptlon of ours, that which make
law consist in written or traditional
form. The higher laws whioh actually
govern the world to day are unwritten
and unseen; they are the law of th
moral nature of man which can never be
transcended. Conscience la the medium
of the real law ot the world. It would
urprlse us did we know how little of
the world' work is done with any ref
erence to written law. We do not go
t bed at night by faith In any police
protection, but in a scarcely defined
trut in the divine government of tbe
world. -Take the history of revolutions
and reforms in the world; the crisea In
which men spring up unknown to each
other In remote part of the world, as
they are doing today, in a mighty
movement toward a common end, what
organized them if it b not tbe unseen
government of the world? When we
oome to see how little we really depend
upon the seen and known, how history
I organized by one law and moving to
ward one event, we marvel at the
blindness and crudeness, at the pre
valent conception of law. A history
moves on law will tend less and less to
be written and the final government will
be a government ot inspiration.
People aro getting tired aad impa
tient of the obstruction of justice in our
law courts. Suoh oases as that of the
Tildea will, whore a man's clearly ex
pressed purpose was defeated by tech
nicalities, or the long protracted litiga
tion ot the Illinois Central R. K., and
the city of Chicago concerning the
tracks on the lake front, where justice
is apparent enough. It is a falsehood to
say that courts are bound by each
tecbnloalities. It is In the powsr of th
judiciary to render their decisions
according te justloe if they will. And if
the law and court will not procure
justice the people will some day arise
and sweep them away. Already la
England many of the court have been
reorganized on a more Christian basis,
notably the recently established county
courts, and In our oiv a country the
Tuley law of Illinois to the sa.ne effect
ha reoeutly been brought into promi
mence in the cue of the Farwell and
Sturgei now pending, In thl es? all
technicalities are to be waived and
the ease is to be judged en it own
merits. It Is the plan ot neighborly
arbitration which Jasus commended to
his disciple to long ago.
Tocnclude, the Chr'stlan conception
of written law It that ef an education of
the people In a higher and final law of
society. The final law of society will
botheuviiimo social tootdeoot; the
Anal law of th conscleuut will be In
spiration; the final la of Inspiration
will be th person tt . character of
Jetut; the final l; et Jctue U "ot; the
final law of lov is tu redemption aad
reconciliation of tbe world to God.
Cart lan. Catalog,
Th Alliance Carriage Co., of Cincin
nati, O., will send their complete cata
logue of vehicle and haraett, showing
r lot) different style of vehicle.
from a road cart or farm wagon to the
finest 'Wurt carriage ont' taste can
lujrf "i. Also an o Ukm variety of
haroes raoglitg In pr lc Irctn " tfi u
ward. If )uu have tot bad tbJ rata
K.'iuio4 for It now h'a iu Aik
for '.a;ugue "IV
Subscribe lor Tub Wraith Mak nut