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T7HAT OTJH ATTACK OH
A Naval Off leer Points Out Numerous American Prece"derrta Comlnf.
Expedition Is In Line with Many Brilliant Achievements.
Shortly after the breaking out cf this
war of oars with Spain a flying squad
ron, under the command of Commodore
Schley, was formed. The suggestion
was made at that time that this squad
ron proceed to the Mediterranean, cap
ture Port Mohon. on Minorca, one of
the Belearic islands, and. using that
well known harbor as a base, proceed
to ravage the coasts of the kingdom.
A somewhat similar plan is about to
be adopted, and. though the details dif
fer somewhat from thUe originally
suggested, the idea underlying the
scheme is practically the same. It is
to carry the war Into Spain, so as to
Impress upon the people of that be
nighted kingdom that there is really
a serious, dangerous war being fought
against them, that they are powerless
to oppose it. and that, unless they
would suffer dire disaster, they would
better sue for peace, and be quick about
it. too.
A very powerful squadron Is the ens
our navy department will dispatch to
singe the beard of the king of Spain"
though that the unfortunate young
boy king has not yet grown his beard
will not prevent his feeling the warmth
of the shut of our guns. It is com
manded by Commodore John Critten
den Watson, a man who is devoid of
the sense of fear, who is bold to a
fault, ar.d who will take any risk un
hesitatingly. Watson was Farrsirut's
flag lieutenant off New Orleans. Mobile.
Yicksburg and Port Hudson. He knows
well the music of the cannon ball and
the din of battle, and. while be is a
thorough Christian gentleman, full of
Christian virtues, he relishes shoo tins
and being shot at
This determination to wage war about
the distant coasts of a foreign enemy's
country, and over which he claims sov
ereignty is not new in cur history.
Repeatedly have we made attacks upon
the coasts, the commerce and the ships
of an enemy, and victory has invari
ably crowned our efforts.
The first American vessel of war to
how the stars and stripes abroad wa
the sixteen gun brig Reprisal, com
manded by Lieutenant Lambert Wilkes
and the first time the flag was ever
floated over a foreign fortress was a
little La tei. when the brig Providence
ceptured Fcrt Nassau on the island of
New Providence. The Providence car
ried twenty-two guns, and sa:l?d in
squadron from the Delaware to attack
a British force then ravaging the
coasts of Virginia. Admiral Hopkins,
aa energetic officer, was the commander-in-chief,
and. not finding the enemy,
he steered for New Providence, in the
Bahamas. He captured the place and
destroyed many stores. It is peculiarly
Interesting In this connection to note
that -Hopkins landing party conisteJ
tf about three hundred men. and on this
occasion, the Erst that ever occurred
in the regular American navy, the ma
rines. un3er the command of Captain
Nichols, appear to have behaved with
the spirit and readiness that have dis-'
tinguished the corps from that hour
down to the present moment."
Paul Jones, that redoubtable eld
warrior who never wearied in doing
deeds of extraordinary daring, accom
plished no less a feat than taking the
American man-of-war Ranger, a s!-w.
cranky vessel of eighteen guns, into
the port of Whitehaven. He seii-d
forts, spiked the guns and then bearded
a ship and set fire to it. This one man
terrrorixed the coast, paralyzed trade
and set all the people into a state cf
trepidation lest he return and worse
befalll them. Something akin to this
feeUng of. dread alarm, of constant
fear, is what Commodore Watson will
Inspire In the breasts of the Spaniards
when they see the fine ships standing
la toward their port firing shot ani
shell and then hastening away to some
other haven to repeat the same p-er-formance.
Captain WIckes. with the Reprisal
and a couple f other ships, made a
tour of the coast of Ireland In
rolcr about his work of
tanturine
Arties and seising everything aooui nis t
eixe he could lay hands on. in much the
same way Paul Jcnes did. and very j
much the same way we trusc onim--dore
Watson will do when he reaches
his cruising ground.
Of Conynghara. another one of those
daredevils of the seas. Commissioner
Deane reported: "Conyngham by his
first and second expeditions is become
the terror of all the eastern ccast of
Rngland and Scotland." This bold nav
igator commanded the Revenge. He
was searched for high ar.d low. but
disguising his ship he not only went
Into an English p-ort unrecognized, but
actually fitted out his ship there with
out detection. Of course. Commodore
Watson could not possibly h-pe to be
able to do such an -astonishing bit of
work as this. The Tripoli war furnishes
many examples of bold raiding by
ships and of great, even astonishing,
personal bravery. Decatur's cutting
cut of the Philadelphia from under the
guns of the Tripolitan forts was an act
ln many ways similar to Hobson's tak
ing the Merrimac into Santiago.
" a "famous cruise far away from home
was that of Captain Porter in the Es
tex. For month- this resourceful com
mander cruised In the Pacific carrying
on his work of destruction and depre
dation. He drove the English flag off
the seas, but was finally captnred off
Valparaiso by a superior force and
under circumstances not discreditable
to him.
In 1S21 the West Indies were the fa
vorite cruising grounds of the Frenj;
and Spanish picaroons. These men.?
the sea were freebooters pirate?
other words. They plundered
Km. toed merchant vessels, and
murdered the crews. Our gove-'f' .
. , j --a - rf Ot
w.rTxiineu 10 pioo . .. x "
known
men-of-war under the well
commanders. Biddle. Porter JT.. t
rington. routed them out rf
them to the death.
Another action In an o"
ter of the world cx on rre . tj . n'"
Commodore John Dof n1J,
men on the soil of Suf '"dt
tured all the forts of T5'
.b ton. .,-7f
to try its r
be so eailv ivTl by a modern gun
was the- - "tacked
the Malay-V
Tet ar-- rnu5t we recall that the
stars ar- stripes have waved triumph
antly c-f foreign foes in foreign wa
te: ls time the place Is China, not
so ve fajfrom the scene of Admiral
tVs magnificent, smashing victory.
irFr-' IXi. Canton barrier forts were
d Ajf-.py the Portsmouth and Le-3-
oeoesperate efence was made.
t-' Americans wonld not keep
yck JL'Tti capture of the forts led
go ar-minatn of the war and the
for f n of a treaty of amity and
'ice. Such an end to crown Com-
i Q Watson's coming would be
r ' S- ! rir.u and desirable.
jf fa. and Core w-ere threatened
sqnaiirons in xn. m j, oo i
igements or our n:ps were noi
i Importance. tnoun -u.ntieiii
about a sp-eeoy anu aaLisiac
tinn rr the difficulties.
nw to be Mined by despatch-
-nroodore Watson aad his ships
-nmmim and waters oi tne ams-
Spain is the same as " "
r rnrmnta and Cores, and in
' V 1
TTZi 'tmit elsewnere t.ie wom -
"'"trlns about peace and to cause
eirnctioa'ag and authority of the United
to be respected- ve ue"
bTOUZbt V, en..i.h rule ln the West
and security irom spaua us
SPAIN'S COAST XTEAITS.
If the mere showir-g of the flag will
bring about these results so much the
better: if ports must be terror z-d it
will be a pity; if places must be bom
barded and raptured it will appear al
most a sin. for Spain must yield, and
we must make her yield peacefully if
we tan. forcibly If we must.
Not all From West Point.
(New Tork Herald.)
To the Rditor: Is the Mr. Foultney
Bigelow who is rampaging In your col
umns every now and then the same
gentleman of whom we saw it stated
just after the war was declared by
the United States against Spain that
he was leaving England to offer his
services as a cavalryman in our army?
On his arrival here did he offer his
services?
If so. were they rejected? And has
he found this rejection cause sufficient
to justify him in his attacks upon every
one who has charge of the conduct of
the war?
Or is he ore of those who believe
with Richelieu according to Bulwer)
that "the pen is mightier than the
sword?" And does he think (with a
chaplain of one of the regiments that
did not go to the front with it because
he thought he could do more good by
fighting their enemies at home than
by giving them the consolation of relig
ion when they required lt or by sett
ting them an example of a pius life la
ramn- that with his pen he can slash
more effectually than he could with a j
sabre
We Veca'l to Mr Bigelow's attention
that the above quotation from Riche-
lieu is preceded by the qualification -in
the bands of men entirely STeat.
Wh-nce does he derive how an army
X?.;JfS , iS .Ti.,. dis-
ciol;ned maneuvered or used? and if
he has no knowledge or experience or
vX rtomtW.?
Ftut aN.ve
ill.
hat excuse can ne
give for showing an ignorance of his
tory of which any boy in one of the
higher clashes of the public schools
would be ashamed? Has the time ever
been, w ill it ever be. in this country,
when arpointmnts toT offce cPt
havr not been governed by potrtlcal
nWArtr or in furtherance of political
SS Who were the generals and
as regaras nign grsa- m iu-
other field officers whom Presiaeni
p-i!k ar tointed under the act authorix
Ing the increase of the army during
the Mexican war? How many of them
were whigs? And. in later days, how
many generals and other field officers
and subordinates did President Lincoln
through pulls and policy appoint who
did not know the difference between
a pruning hook and a sabre? A list
of them would fill a page
Mr. Bigelow. says: The Mexican
war which was the most brilliant cam
naian of Its kind In military history.
was conducted by graduates of West
Beers.
ffice.-s
more
Point-" Will he name those cmcers
Will he mention subordinate omce
who distlnenished themselves
than Shields. P. S. Smith. Butler.
Kentucky; Quitman of Mississippi, or
Pillow even if the latter did dig
citch on the wrong side of his formi
cation)? Which of these officers
gruduared frr-m West Point? And 0n
eral Wir.fUld Scott, did he gra-'Jate
from West Point? He was a pra ncing
lawyer in Virninia when he
pointed captain of artillery. F- prrb
afcly never saw the Point ur: after
the battles of Chippewa and Lundy
Lane.
And General Taylor? He w. a Ken
tuckv backwoodsman when t-" was ap
pointed first lieutenant In tie Seventh
infantry, to fill the vacancr caused ty
the death of his brother. w held that
rank in the army. At fat time he
knew nothing more of K-rature than
enabled him to read an4 vrste.
Did anv Wet Points distinguish
himself more than thes' two generals
a, in i.-- ri.i a tit American en-
era I ever achieve a rrearer victory than 4
..., .....i.,. over Ger.er
n.iea V sta
- , irasremen? to Grant.
T
Ch' ,n Beaur-nrar '.. Sheridan. St f
wail jacuson. ti;-ciu - ' Arise
other graduates of West Point jnTy
illustrious deeds ill lie ln .isr-ar-
mo have long been
cision ci sc.iaiers ,k. i.mf.cii.ii
drilled by exper delav. grumble at
they may r--jarovised camp: but
their necessan Bigelow. that when
rest assured, .-gnig, soldiers on the
they meet tr wi stan as frm
SOil Of CBK,.1.u, thoir fnre-
and fisht r
St Buena Vista.
M. S.
fathers d;
sorulIets to Kill One Man.
perhaps, little consolation to
V are going into battle to know
nJt every V) bullets which they
1 Vface only one or two will result
ro,Jeah. The fact, however, is el:
,rWit of an immense waste of a mm uni
on and want of care or skill in fir-
9'
f Of the 4.0.ono bullets fired by the
"Russians during the Crimean war. 44.
9.oc0 failed to fulfill their errand of
death, and were, for practical purposes
of destruction, wasted. The remaining
4S f00 alone, which could have easily
been fired by a single regiment within
the space of an hour, found their bit
let. This means that 910 bullets were
fir-d before a single soldier of the
allied troops was killed.
The British In the same war were
more fortunate in their aim. Of 13.000.
00 bullets fired. 21.0"0 were fatal: one
bullet out of every "00 fired thus ac
counting for one Russian.
The French soldiers. It Is estimated,
fired 29.00O.ow0 bullets, which resulted
ln the death of Si. Russians, or at
the rate of one fatal bullet to every F
shots fired.
Trarinr the Franco-German war. says
Tit-Bits, the German artillery fired 340.
ooo shots, and the infantry 20.000.000.
This terrible hail of shot and bullets,
sufficient to exterminate a nation, re
sulted in a loss of so.uwu men to tne
French. Thus every Frenchman killed
involved an expenditure oi bullets
enough to kill a quarter of a regiment.
No. sir. said the congressman with
the lay-down collar and the large feet,
-the Idea of taking charge of these
tropical islands la utterwly Impractica
ble. .
-Rut it would add to oar weaitn ana
nower and be the means of broadening
the influence of our institutions.
-I don't care. The agricultural ae-
part merit is having trouble enough now
keepin the farmers posted tn t "
and Canada thistles. 1 don" know
where we'd be if they had to go to
work and educate the masses in rais
in", man roes and bread-fruit trees an
things like them."
It Is said to be no uncommon occur
rence on the new Siberian railway for
fuel or water to give out. In the latter
case a halt is made and snow collected
and melted until enough water Is pro
vided for proceeding to the next sta
tion. Boston's water pipes are Infested
by ell hundreds and thousands of them
and the water board is at Its wits
ends to devise some means to get rid
of them. They go through the strainers
when young and small and stow to
greet sise. obstrecU-a- the flow ot water
r stoppiac il inrB
mr. s ti'atfirv ;s reaa. e-- ttv ..
irment either tr-'tbeacadem " until war was declared with Spain, in the battlefield. owr comes tne ques-
PoTrT Vo oTh'r country ? times cf peace the various ships run tion-What is the limit of delay In
r. mr.lid 1 sUienJLAt lhe Unto fnendlv ports and take on fresh iressing a wound by this method with
me time do not Mwto&F? vision, as often as circumstances reasonable prospects of success? The
Hnn are v carted or a!!ant- latedV, thr discretion or the command- flifference between its primary and sec
tion, have yet camea or re officer Thu far net a word of com- ondary application. Is there a period
yAbovea plf.nt hasten heard from the navy j shichmust not be exceeded? Volkmann
thewer and mn T f Ur Ju tT tbough the navy has been actively en- Md Koenig declare that twelve hour
the I wer a n d ma n r, a rc h mfth the if ifcAn ,wo Koehler goes, up to twen
teers. They may rthelnatcal pre. r hours. These limits are cer-
enfafnil T T iS St Tit
FRESH FOOD FOR SAILORS.
EveTy day is market day In the navy
now that we have refrigerating -ship
td keep the vessels of the fleet sup
plied with fresh meats and vegetables
This is the pleasant mariner in which
Paymaster General Edwin Stewart
opened up an interesting conversation
on the subject cf refrigerating ships in
the United States navy.
-Refrigerating ships. said be. -are
among the most valuable additions te
our modem navy. With the aid of
these floating cold storage compartment
ships the system of feeling a ship's
company has been practically revolu
tionised. We are now able to keep the
officers ar.d men of Admiral Sampson's
flr sur.uiied with fresh meats and
vegetables and plenty cf ice.- When
you keep Jack supplied with nutritious
and palatable food you improve his
health and put him In condition to bat
tle against Spain or any foe of the
United States."
The Celtic is the newest and the best
equipped refrigerating ship in the navy.
When she joined Admiral Sampson's
fleet off Santiago she was loaded with
30O.CO pounds of fresh lieef and mut
ton. 30C.0C- pounds of fr?sh vegetables
and tons of ice.
"The Celtic, as we now call her."
said Paymaster General Stewart, -was
formerly the Austrian trader Celtie
King. When we bought her we- cut off
the King's bead, and left the Celtic
remaining. She was fitted out at the
Brooklyn navy yard, and she is a model
ship of her type.
"She was the phantom fleet of Span
ish warships that frightened the In
nocents at Hampton Reads Monday a
k aeo and the iollv little paymas
ter general fairly shook witn taugnier
as he recalled the consternation re-
; ported from Han pton Roads when
l . -i . v. , . .......... 1 i-terinus 1 tu
I "nai
(ins ships, supposed tot PaJ"b M
b. sighted off the tapes
She was safety nvyet- "rOT
carries no battery. -$na Jes '
o! about 1.0 tons cf freight. -5Be .
t her refrigerating compartmerwnl. ,
; ' steam about eleven WfA y. !
, loriaDiy. ana ner t.- b.
1 Win - f!0"!
"o - - jm j.
rnaree m rj- oent. m
Thompson. Hrr full corr eighty
eluding
officer. and m? frorn the
fhe crew is maa-M The re-
souls. The
South Carolina naval res ooo. but
frijjeratir.g apparatus prature of
it is so coaipH-i mai -,n n the
. " degrees can month out. i
compartr.;. month m the
There r three co,; he saip which
"V e f.Trm.r.1 Bglne r .
t.m. tresn mens, la iwenij-iurrr orius oo r..t.-...
In one are stored veffetab!es. and cases where the antiseptic method was
: the s-fond the w st.e was applied secondarily.
Ithe tt.rd is C. for t0)o men which These figures prove the Importance
load'J with tuprMl lnrw months. ' of immediate application cf antisepsy.
outfit to last jerHrai Stewart If the seeing that in the cases treated anti
Wten I as- nnanL- mhlch septically. but more r less after the
- -""". Mite the nature oi ner
1 rea. to ir d d naturedly:
buness. hJ1 any d.stingu'sh
! the dos She 1- expected long be
irg pennar e ihlpt of the
.va crA f-a- 1
...... iunitf frr her. sa
,eet are ' , ,.., Mnnant and
fa '?ld Stripes at the peak. Her
Slaruche ships of the fieet might j
visit an- BUcks:er peddling his
flies the . , " - -. Her
be like
o . ,,-, tk crreets
Only
provis f m 011e
the srPv f'; .w ,. .onadron ts
sh,p The reruUtions rrovide
cIos7h rrovl-i-ns shall be served
tfc . ri. us ;ps of Admiral arop-
to -Tt three times a week. Every
fo: fn tte davs of the week he
.2, fjeo grub, and so do the
Is to ear " -varioU8 nises. When
rooks .:,, .e fresh rmh
the surPy
the scene it is customary
alio"
w
?pch man is entitled by law to ne
' Vone-qoarter pounds of fresh meat
the ame quantity of fresh vege-
irie These supplies are delivered
i-n the presentation cf the property
ertified requisition. There is no limit
put uron the allowance or tee. 3iany
-f ih. mriern shits hare the arrara-
tus for manufacturing their own ice.
.v ,"to.-eport by signal to the Cag- . The results for cases treated ann
for fc,.",4ls are thtn exchanged with septically In the secondary period are.
eh,F' r'a- ships in the Beet, and they Out of 5 cases cf gunshot fracture
lY I-aed to send their stewards off there were 13 deaths, or 20 per cent:
artIVHPPly sh'P to draw thetr legal out of 7 cases of articular gunshot
to tn ..w ,ltir.ri tcr their re- vniirdu there were 13 dths that :s.
i on
and therefore those ships do not draw antisepsy tad not been propeny ae
upon the ice supply of tee Celtic. veloped and medical equipments In
-Refrigerating shirs are a new de- this respect were deficient,
parture m the navy, for we have had : The above examples sufficiently prove
casion to use mem in receni years
Occupies a -position niruiar iu ""i " j
. " - - i . a . n '
norirmai(r'f ar.il subsistence or- !
partment of the armv combined which
have come in for so much unjust criti-
t!m lalelv. It is gratifying to the i demonstrated In hi surgical letters on
ravy to kriow that no complaints have ie hospitals f Mannheim and Wis
ceme up from the sea about the lac ,,emburg that septic complications of
rA tlA riothine. although the ofli- m-onnds received in war do not occur
r -m nnn men f ' I i ne it
have been
under severe tests of endurange In
the tropical regions of Cuba.
As seen as the North Atlantic squad
ron was ordered to Cuh-an waters. Pay
master General Stewart secured the
former American liner Illinois and
converted her into a ref ricerating ship.
She was rechristened the SurP'T- nd
she sails under that name now. She
is with Admiral Samrscn's fleet, where
she has been steadily distributing fresh
meats and provisions three times a
week. She !s to be relieved by the
r-nw ar.d ordered bak to New Tork.
where she will be refitted and sent out
asain. . ,
While Admiral Sampson and his men
are enjoying fresh meat and fresh pro
visions three times a week, the brave
Admiral Dewey and his shipmates at
Manila are not being forgotten. At this
moment a refrigerating ship, secured
In Australia, is bound fr Manila, car
rying 2W.0O0 pounds of mutton. 400.000
pounds of beef and 600.000 pounds - of
fresh vegetables. As s5on as word was
received in Washington cf Dewey's vic
tory in Manila, negotiation were start
ed for securing swift sailing ships to
tarry supplies to th victorious Amer
i,3M The Citv of Peking was char
tered and sent to the rescue of Dewey
and his men. The principal supplies
ent by that vessel were arms and am
munition. -
The pay department realized that
small siores. including soap and to
bacco, would needed, and took the
precaution to send ia poodty supply to
the City of Peking One of the first
official communications received from
Dewey after his great victory contained
a request for a supply of soap and to
bacco. This tequest was received two
weeks after the supplies had been for
warded by the firt ship sent to the
relief of the brave boys at Manila.
By thus anticipating the. wants of
Dewey's men with regard to soap and
tobacco. General Stewart gladdened
the hearts of many a -Jack" and ena
bled the latter to go on -shifting nia
quid- with usual regularity.
It Is true the sa.lors aboard our war
ships do not live cn a food supply such
a might be expected in some of our
swell hotels In Nw Tork. but there
i9 a vast improvement in me quimj
and the quantity ot the food served out
to the -Jackies" io the navy of today
as compared with what they received
twenty years ago. Of course there is
th regulation -salt horse. noted on
the ration list as corned beef. 'Then
there are festive pork and beans and
the Jaw breaking hard tack, which is
boiled down into bread seouse. The
ancient combination cf canned beef and
mTTttrm known to sailors as "soup and
boully." ha given place to the best of
meats and canned vegetables, served
on days when fresh pro via ions r BOt
en the saia's
NEW AE
e
How Wounds on the BattlefieJ,uceMortality.
Cream
'
rom Except in rare cases, such as com
The many injuries resuTttn.ause ! plete destruction cf important arteries
modern weapons of war sf.oated ! amputation should not be resorted to
great mortality were they r. which On the other hand, arthrotomy. incis
antiseDticallv. The extent rases. ? Ions in the fractured region, ablatior
tissues are impaired in cion f ol
the violent phenomena cf una void
lowing upon traumatism. JUS infec
able contagion due to r iQes are
tious agencies to anicn (nnr sur
subjected. impose upo:IOst unccm
geon the duty of be;:f antisepsy
promising in the mjtorbid germs
i and elimination of ,
from the wounded r made by the
Every effort sh' usinf ect wounds,
surgeon to eon-.pletrnstant aim of
Such has been t since the era of
every arm BU'hough occasions
antiseptics, and numerous in which
have not been 4 could be applied,
the new dismpie opportunity for
there has bj usefulness in the bat
demonstrattr figures will suffice for
tie field. Aot the antiseptic meth
an appreclrgery. Bergmar.n and
od. In arrryoperated on Roumanian
Reyher. igtve eloquent results,
battle f jr-seven knee wounds treat
Out flours after the engagement,
ed seviy disinfected. Bergman re
but ?per cent of recoveries and 45
coriij 0f deaths, whereas HantZcl
per 5 per cent of deaths for cases
gi'j by the conservative method
t;jit antisepsy. In other tables, out
Yteen cases of fractured knee. Berg-
fen states that fourteen of the
.nrvivrd. two after amnuta-
rintv rme died L e a mortality
iif e p. nt.
. , m v. n
1M urm presreiru cj nrjui. -.
also operated in the Roumanian field
hospitals, are still more encouraging,
Thirteen flesh wonods. principally in
the thigh, primarily treated by the an-
tisefttlc method, resulted In one death.
, mort,jit, of T ct. whereas
thit mortality a J1.I per cent, or six
deaths out of twenty-eight cases treai-
1 secondarily by the antiseptic meth-
od. Similarly, out of forty-six cases of
gunshot wound in the knee primarily
rroa tk1 m-lrh antisentics. there were
six deaths, or a mortality cf 13 per
cent, whereas 75 cases treated sec-
on - larilv resulted In fnrty-eight deaths
or a mortality of M-5 per cent. Again.
fractures caused by projectiles, treats 3
primarily by the antiseptic method.
were followed by four deaths, or a
mortaUty of 18.1 per cent, whereas
me preiwruwn
event, tne rnonaitiy vri
or nearly the same as in cases where
the method was not applied 62 per
cent. This verdict is not. however.
final, as every day experience shows
that tne luaictous use oi ciirij
-vield rood results even long after the
inflirrirm of a wound.
Reyher tables are more encouraging
when considered from the point of view
f mortality by infection. Deaths from
rTemla. or septic phlegmon, are dis-
tribute as follows- Out of IT cases of
articular resection antisepticalty treat-
ed from the outset, there was 1 death.
or 5-2 per cent; out of 13 cases of strn-
pie amputation. 1 death, or per
cent: out of Zl cases cf gunshot frac-
ture. 2 deaths. 9 per cent: out of 2.
cases of articuUr gunshot wounds. 1
darr-. s 7 Mr cent. Average mortality.
t.1 per cent.
rr cent, or an average nwiumu
of 32.1 per cent.
Lastly, for flesh wounds, the same
surgeon found 12 cases treated antisep-
tically from the start all recovered, and
is cases treated secondarily resulted in
I deaths, or a mortality or per ceni.
inese resuns spe. iur .ue.... -
They are all the more conclusive s.nce
they were obtained at a time when
tne vaiue w we uibtiu Ui.v.
tainly too narrow.
It must not be
. . w i. n . . . im iwinfam.
orgonen ui " 1 ' v
ntpd from the outset tne ronuraiw
'tlon remains localized for a long time,
,ven in 1ST9 Bilroth. with rare sagacity.
till a certain time after the event.
Without knowing MathnikofTs the
ory, be said that the inflammation set
op In the blood -vessels played a con
siderable part in this preservation. And
his. ln fact, "must be so. From the
Very outset the irritation caused oy
uautnatism brings out tne wnne oji -puscles.
which prevent the Invasion of
the system by virulent germs. The
eschars caused by traumatism are also
barrier to Infection. This will take
place only when the white corpuscles.
-aiiAsi r.haffTMivies. are eiiusi .
point of being unable any longer to de-m-r
infectious germs, and when the
chars. becoming prematurely detach
ed, leave the door open to the irruption
Of virulent agents into the circulation
Such are the arguments which speak
In behalf of the success of the anti
septic method, even arter an exienueu
period has elapsed since the infliction
f a wound. It is crtain in such a case
that If by washings and tcareful disin
fection the number and virulence of
the germs are diminished, there is
a good chance of avoiding infection.
These views are confirmed by the
opinions of many army surgeons. Von
Hahn in particular, who was able to
save the wounded of Plevna and Ra
lowa from septicaemia and erysipelas
after three to five days" transport by
a solution of phenic acid. Other Prus
;n armv lurtMns claim to have ob
tained the same results by cauterisa
tion with nitric acid. These assertions
t nnt be eenerautxea to-tne "
of believing that all wounds will es
cape Infection. Although secondary an
tosepsy is not to be neglected. It is
the primary form which alone affords
good chances oi success. neBw e.. -
thing must ie none -' "'",
orous application. The army medical
staff with the fighting line must there
fore be numerous and well equipped
with antiseptic materiai.
aithnnrh the antiseptic method may
not completely do away with Infec
tion of wounds receivea m oatcie.
will, at all events, make it extremely
rare. Thanks to ic surgery will be of
an essentially life saving order. It Is
no longer a question oi waiting wub
folded arms while nature does her
work, and aiding her only with proper
diet and regular dressings. The enemy
must be actively fought here by go
ing deep to stop a hemorrhage, mere
by taking away sequestra which are
dangerous: again by cleansing the fur
rows, however profound they may be.
or by suturing impaired organs, which
formerly could not have been touched
Thls militant surgery can now under
take anything, thanks to the antisep
tic method, and although the tissues
mast be edalt with parsimonionsly.they
hntiM not be snared when there Is no
hope of their healing or danger of
their arrestlmc recovery ot the whole
"surgery.
Now Treated-
-Improved Mnthod;
cf sequestra, taking care to leave I.
that may be still adherent, and drain
age cf the joints are operations that
are perfectly Justiftatle.
Probing a wound must be avoided
except when absolutely necessary. Ex
cept when the exploration is very deep
the Cnger is the best mans for sound
ing, and for this purpose the ouni
can be enlarged to admit of easy ma
nipulation. Of couise. care must be
taken before each operation of this
sort to thoroughly cleanse the hands
with brush, sublimate and alcohol.
Before making ligatures of arteries
the wound must be enlarged. It will
give excellent results in combination
with rigidity and through antisepsy to
prevent the suppuration, which might
release the ligatures. In this way sec
ondary hemorrhages will be less fre
quent. Thanks to antisepsy. army surgery
will henceforth be able to intervene in
wounds that hitherto have been too
difficult of treatment, such as these of
the cranium, thorax and abdomen.
To Prevent Cruelty to Mothers.
(From the Woman's Signal.)
"Can you help me a few minutes.
Marion?"
"1 should like to. but I don't see how
I can." The lone was not impatient. (
but hurried. "I have this essay to f.nih '.
fcr the society this evening, i must go ; station at New Lonaon. conn,
to cur French history class in an hour, j Admiral Stanton explained in the te
then to a guild meeting, and get back ginning that be could speak only from
to my German lesson at 5 o'clock.- j what has been printed in the newspa-
"Xo. you can't help me. dear. Tou prs.
look worn out yourself. Never mind, j That the Merrimac did not block the
if 1 tie uo my head perhaps I can finish channel comoletelv is understood. " said
tti -
Throueh at last. said Marion. '
wearily, giving a finishing touch to
The Development of Religious ldas
Among the Greeks." at the same time t
glancing quickly at the clock. Her at- :
tentlc-n was arrested by a strange sight.
Her tired mother had fallen asleep over
her sewing- That was not surprising,
Kiit ttio startled cirl a.w bendinz ever
her mother s face, two angels, each ,
looking earnestly at the sleeper.
-Wfcat made that weary look on this
...r.ini-.L-ir.. c cf t vskr
saaser one. nas ouu sutu i-e. uo
,o,-.,
. -
v .. . v w . ... n rim .- i-.-o
x e. uui j .. .-". w '
herV
"No timer cried the other. -What
are they doing with all the time I am
allowing themr ;
-Weil. replied the Angel of Life. "1
keep their hands and hearts full They
are affectionate daughters, much ad-
mired for their good works: but they
do not know thfy are letting the one
they love most si.p irom my arms inu
yours. 7 bese giay r.a.rs come irom
overwork and ar.x(e:y to save money
tor music ana r rerun itf?v.r.s. ihuj;
share the cares and worry cf everyday
life. That sigh comes because the r j
mother feels neglected and lonely while
the girls are working for the women of
India: that tired look comes from get-
. . . r...!. v 7 ' - tk. r t
u5 vm .oo e-w... " v
hausted girls are tryicg to sleep back
the late hours they gave to study or
spent at the concert: those feet are so
weary because of" their ceaseless walk.
-Surely the girls can help her. too?"
-What they can. But their feet get
weary enough gcing around begging
for the hospital and the church, and
hurting up the poor and the sick."
"No wender." said the Acgel cf
rieath. -so rranr mothers call me. This
is indeed ud lovinff. industrious rirls
pale cheeks faded while the girls were lne water is entirely too deep tor an- senior waixn u.-ie..
painting roses and parsies." :Chorage there. I should think that our -Tou rtrr.iib tor was h. &ri
The dark ansel frowned. 'ships must have been kept under way the Isthmus cf Panarr.a A
-Young ladies must be accomplished constantly. w "d broken out ar. J the An.'mia
now." exclaimed the ether. Those, -The reason why the Spanish Ad- hips were sent l?ult-r'
eves gTew dim sewing for the gir!s. to n-.iral chose to make a dash for lib- pese of seeing to ii fcat itr "
give them time to study ancient history ,y and freeiom on a Sunday morn- uninterrupted transit l rn one J
and modern languages; those wrinkles was because he believed he would to the cthtr acres the i...rra "j
came because the girls had not time to r.tfh men napp.ng. It was just came necessary to ir,a o.r n.a. ...e
giving their mother to my care as socn New Tork. flying the Cag of Rear Ad
as selfish, wicked ones. 'rcira! Sampscn, was some distance
"Ah. the hours are so crowded. said away, and still proceeding in an east
Life, wearily. "Girls who are cultured erlv direction. She was bound for lie
or take an active part in life have no landing place where Admiral Sampson
time to take care of the mother who intended to communicate with General
spent so much in bringing them up." Shafter. cf the army. This mission cf
Then I must place my seal on her lrte Admiral, co doubt, was a very lm
brow." said the Angel of Death, bend- portant one. He could not know be
ing over the sleeping woman. forehand that the Spanish ships would
-No. no!" cried Marion, springing attempt to make their escape,
from her seat. "I will take care of her i -Rut at the same time, it must b?
if you will only let her stay."
-Daughter, you must have the night-
mare. Wake up. dear. I fear you have
missed your histcry class."
-Never mind, mamma. I am not going
today. I am rested now. and I will
make those buttonholes while you curl
up on the sofa ar.d take a nap. I'll send
word to the guild professor that I must
be excused today, for I am going to
see to supper myself and make some
of those muffins you like."
-But. dear. I dislike to take your
time.
-Seeing you have never given me any
time! Now. go to sleep, mamma dear
as l oia. ana ao noi worry iwui we.
Tou are of more consequence than all
the languages or classics in the world."
So. with a tender kiss from her
daughter usually too busy for such
demonstrations Mrs. Hensen fell Into
a sweet, restful sleep. i
-I see we might have lost the best of
mothers In our road rush to be educated
and useful ln this hurrying, restless day
and generation." soliloquized Marion,
as she occasionally stole a glimpse at
the sleeping mother. "After this, only .
what time she does not need I shall
devote to outside work and study. Un
til he eets well restored. I will take
charge of the house and give up all
the societies except one tnat 1 11 nave
by myself if the other girls will not
Join a Society for the Prevention of
Cruelty to Mothers.'
rueny i
And Marion kept her wont A few
months later one oi tne '"T-
gresslve league memoers said to her.
-We miss your bright M c:
Miss Marion. Tou seern to have losl all
your ambition to be highly educated
Tou are letting your sisters get aneaa ;Vboard our warship, had chang
of you. I fear. How young your moth- scenes aooa r Action. It 1
or looks to have
.W?a"fe1.ler-
never saw her looking so well!"
Then Marion felt rewarded for be
ing a member of what she calls the
"S. P. C, M."
Representative John Allen, who has
"had much experience with army
rations and the want of them," made
an observation during his speech on
cheese the other day before the House
that should not be allowed burial ln the
Congressional Record without some no.
tLr-o from the world at large. After dis
playing before his colleagues on the
floor the various components of the
army ration Representative Allen prrw
tn n v that
nen ne was
soldier that ration -cooked as we anew
bow to eook would have furnished a
fat more tempting than any that
could be set before me now at Delmon-
ico."
With a warning that good soldiers
should not be coddled too much. Rep-
resentattve AUen said that he -had not
. W IwAa wBA TVh WIT sirTrTxT
neen reai uuusu J"" '"I " "' " r ships succeeded in maaing tnon -o.
craving hardtack and bacon. A man, Spanish ships was due pnnci-
with a good appetite who Is realty - t ,nat onr officers end
hungry." added Mr. Allen, "who ' gunners. There Is no
get ome oirutai o. u.ei . k.,,. that.
and piece of bacon, put a stick , dmVr?c,n navy we are spend
through It. hold It over a fire and broil I f " of time In target prac
it, and drip the grease on his bread and and men become experts
eat it has what is to me a very good re- "f - JJrJT; t practice,
past If he can get enough of It, When 0"jj7 ain we must not for
I get hungry, as I have many a time. .".V,, du. to the men ln
I think much more abont broiled or f !1 Spain has bad con-r-t
.r, m.t,a bread than I do about the engine room. "
" . . .1. ,
terrapin ana cnampagw - -
- , olnML
ppuie.j
IMCWDer-r or ru
ft-EAT. ADHXRAL STA1TT01T OH SCHLEY'S FIGHT.
Veteran of the Navy Analyzes the Victory Over Cervera. Showing Su
periority of the American Fighters.
Admiral Oscar F. Stanton. U. S. N..
retired, one of the best known and
abiest tacticians and naval strategists
in this country, has given the first
authentic and authorised explanation
of just what occurred off Santiago
de Cuba last Sunday, when Commo
dore Winfield Scott Schley, with the
vessels under his command, so glori
ouslv succeeded in destroying all the
si.h under Admiral Cerve- :
ra's command
The veteran' naval expert. In giving!
his views has taken as a basis the
,.fP,-.i r.rn. of the battle,
printed thus far. 1
The admiral is thoroughly iammar
pying
of the navy depart-
posts in the gift
menu
witb every minute detail of the art of , my s sh.ps at our mercy, escert the
war and were he not on the retirel j fleet Colon, w hich is steaming to trie
list "of the nary, be would today be c- v estward at her highest rate of speed.
.' J ' . . -ihi R-it Ii-Jc St our boats' Here
Admiral Stanton U particularly well battlers are catcujated to make tut
jalified to explain and criticise thejl.. But a hat do e find . . e fnd
Bualmrd to exmat
manner In hich Cervera lost nis uu
vessels and at the same time Spain
v t t Vn miIt ha Ad. I
V ITU?'' s..ti.M. but
h.. r-;;., the UUsd of Cubt '
- While in corn-
hV flagship Tennessee, and I
it of staff to Admiral Jame
t (" Fighting Jim"). Admiral t
n:and of
a hile chief
2TtartPS,C'Sr '"I -'Anrik ai the Te.a.t Sbe travel,
the hartr, of Cuba. wlts tor two hour, under forced draught
5rain Admiral Stanton was the first . at the rate of over sixteen knots? on
officer fo aUgned to shore duty by jderful! Lv you knoa a tat that mean?
... . ... .v.- . n i to. no vou realize how those brave An.-r-
dav
secremry um$ oi - j -
the mVral cornmandi'ihe naval!
Admiral Stanton. know trora re-
nArt made nublic some time ag that
there was deep water at both bow and
flern cf the Merrimac. The Vesuvius.
jt has been reported, succeeded in
steaming clean around the wreck some
t;hts ago. We don't know as yet
u hich side cf the channel was chosen
ty the Spanish admiral In making his
-According to the reports printej.
... riv.n m understand mat m-
Spanisb warships, after passing clear
cf Morro. beaded In a westerly direc-
t o"t believe this Is
" ""V ..".." .. ,b-t ik
correct. My rcourtuuu - v: I
j, ......I,. .tnf thf mouth
vier utirvuj fcw m - - - I
. ... i i :. iha. chillds On
oi l. tie luruur " " .
Ufce other side Ube Morro sue tne
ater is very deep. The h:gh b.uff
would explain that.
-When I was first off Santiago, in
is. on the Constellation, we hove to
outSije and sent a boat inside.
ti:d not enter the harbor proper at
that time on account of sickness.
-i mention this In order to explain
be a mistake tn the
what I believe to
furnished thus far. We are
reports
given to understand that the American j
EJ. . " ' . " .,Kr.e.d off shore. I tb.nk i
ships
Slil L. 17 w r t w m. u I
that he made his mistake.
"He knew that we always held our
musters and inspections cn board ship
Sunday mornings. He believed. ro
doubt, that we did not have sufficient
n . , .hmt n enable tis
steam up o it o . .. -
Itv rollcw him at once. He furtheimore
hi-.-ed-aiid he mlcht have had good
reason for such bel.ef-that be would
be able to run away from cur ships or.
account of the superior speed posseted
the vessels under hi com mar. a.
rm.- his mad dash that the flagship
'remembered that the other American
warships left behind to guard the
'mouth of the harbor of Santiago wer
'distributed as had been arranged for
weeks probably.
O'eron
i -Tiu
. ieiurely a
twjf had
bout. The necessary r"e-
been taken. The .okout
men were at the stations, and me
mouth of the harbor was being watch
ed continuously.
-Now comes the report that the
Spanish ships are trying to escape.
And here we come to the first pic
ture. The fleet of Spanish warships
bad to leave the harbor in single file.
This was necessary on account of the
narrowness cf the channel, and also
because of the shallow waters to be
found near the ectiance to the harbor.
The reports say tr.at tne i-pam
ships, the moment they cleared th
harbor proper, took a course directly
west. 1 think this Is true only as con
cerned the torpedo destroyers.
The bigger ships must have headed
southeast, for some time, at least,
vt-ith that course they were practica ly
heading for the center of the hair-
ff , Of the torp-edo boat
:. v. , i '
destroyers I w ill speak later. They
deron ntire,r dependent chapter
J0' history of this grand old battle
-hlllryrTIBOIBeilt American
.."T1 .w the St-nish shirs the
',e that the great training of both
, mnA men came into play. Our
men are Intelligent men. They are no
, ble men. They are the true sailors
' of the age-
I -while the Spanish torpedo boat ae
stroyers head right off to the west
ward the bigger ships of the enemy
continue in a southerly direction, our
ships come on toward them, i Tactical
ly closing in on them, and pouring a
fearful fire upon them.
-Tou can see from this picture jast
how the fight progressed. It might
properly be called a running fight. Ana
it was in that respect that our com
manders showed the greatest skill and
ebllity. ... .... ...
Tou must not xorget inai mi 'i
are still in existence. n,v
compelled not only to fight the ships
rather, to keep out of the way of the
f re Cf the forts while the sea fight
I was in progress.
. -The most terrific execution was done
I WBe the spansh fleet was still within
of the euns of Morro. That our
trouble Witn nrr e..R.
.7. Wtishmen and
, fc.ployl as chief engineers
f T .. y " i understand,
by
v.-n miriii tax that there was a reai
difference in speed between the Arr.er-iCUr officers and men have naJ OPJ
itan and Spar.sb warships averagirg ; lenities at times to land anJ to g-
about four kects. into actual " S;'.hm" 'VIZ
-w. fir.d that at the time Cervera keeps them In practice cf wn.th ttey
w. -1 W f.iart Tn-9
ard Texas, four of the finest tat:!- first-class 7"-'''!,"' T.ut
"h ps of our glorious navy, together nor hl rmri b-P
with the Brooklyn, flying the pennant . ,rht ,ay that t -.
4 l,nu a. Ii tr iiiuiauati
. ul ia si rm rn QAUDI (1 r , 1 I - I tun
however, that when hostilities broke
out most of the foreign engineers aban
doned the Spanish fleets.
-The running fight is continued. Out
shSps. after the enemy's entire ."
has passed out of Santiago harbor,
steams abreast and continue to fight.
Then our battleships are trylr.g to gt
ahead of the ships of the enemy. In
this way we can see where our ship
are practically cutting the Spanish
ships off.
-This is the proper way to fight,
Push your enemy all you can. Try to
get him near the rocks and this, you
luat hat men are doing
"In this way we scon have the tne-
are the ships of Spain capable of
Sieamiug - anois aa uour. w utiv vui
Hie UlPCflll, ftlirr iusibtt.fi m I u't w. . .
(KM) miles, as con-.pared with a run cf
3,000 ii. iies made by the armored cruis-
era cf the Cape Verde fleet. The Ut-
lomi of our ships are supposed to te
more foul than
the bottom of tb
Spanish ships. And yet. with all the.
odds against us. we kep abreast of the
Colon; we do more we steaui ahead of
- - . . . .
ican, work and work in the hot fire-
rooms oiu -
'lt is the kind of work that tells.
But 1 can realize how our men workrd.
They were fighting for the Stars and
Stripes hd they were remembering tb
Maine.
-In this way we find the ixeaya.
Oquendo. Maria Teresa and the lJ
torpedo boat destroy rs dif posed cf in
short order.
The Brooklyn succeeds in cutting
the Colon fcff. Then the Oregon Comes
up under her quarter and f.nally the
Texas is on hand. Can you wf.ml.-r
that under sued conditions the Sin
Ub admiral struck his colors?
-What hae happened in tais: First,
we have succeeded in getting the Span
ish ships and our ships at the same
time outside of the range of th frt.
ar.d then we have kept up a fearful.
deadly, running fight Hum ir.
rrom tr.e viy
nrt ia the very erd! II rloriou.
TJL. ri.,.,,, . iiv,j ln
The tart the Gloucester piarj in
- . . .
thi sa f.KT.l canroi
be etiruat-J t -o
.... .
nignir-
Lieutenant Ccrr-mander . n-
ard Wainwright. ber toi..r.nJrr. de
serves alt the praise tr.at has teen
given to him.
-I have the p!-aur cf knowing Mr.
Wainwright personally. H served un-d-r
me. ar.d 1 war.t to :at that le
is a wonderful rran. an excellent cm-
. 1. . . . 4
cer. At tne nrre i was n;e ioit. -
lag officer cf the fUestip Ter.t.ess-e.
when Admiral Joutt rou.macaea .D
North Atlar.Uc squaarcn ;' " ";
n right was attached to the flags!, p as
-Mr. Wsinwr-.ght cou.-r.ar.d-d the
fir-! division r.f that landir.g party.
There was fire In h:s eye when he was
-r.-d to that coitmand. ar.d
certainly proved himself a n.ot eff:
, - i
cltnt efficer. Then. ' '
appointed secretary to Admiral J-'-
He is ar. author a .i " !r'
; He has wrftten several book. Ilia
works are being printed
i -uui. r.Dimii.M..t.1, 'Z , k,
, i w-jm vav warp iu. w ,
.--! thrrRelve meet fully.
-Tou ask me what difference thr
was If anv. between the fcattse fought
at Manila and the battle at Santera
last Sundav. These two batt are
entirely different, althoueh the glori
ous results achieved may have been
the same.
The greatest difference between th
two fights was that at Man. la the
Sranish were corrpe'led to receie the
attack made upon them. At sanutu.
,cn the other hand, the enemy ship
were free to make torts, cae of their
' .l:r a. they saw fit Tbsy could ma
neuver thir ships.
Then again there was a d fferer.c
to tti fchits themselves at these t
' points. At Manila w r.ai r.o
r.,t r..i m.it net forget one oth-r
very important factor that l trat tue
ships of Spain were more speedy thar
cur ships, a fact wr.kh went fr to ot
set our advantage in armament.
The lessen to be lamed from both
these great battles, and parlicuUilr
from the battle of Santiago l "
a'ter all. battle cf ihe future must te
lought out with batthip principal: jr.
Ouf course, the smaller e,n-l w.il
have to be considered a well, but th,
battleship are the tal flgbtmg ciaft
"As for torpedo boat iliroer. their
stock went down const ierabiy durir.g
,he fieht eff Sart.as When war wa.
first declared ano u i t.-.. e -- -
had practical y no teri-do
eis. tehre were rrany t-ron
worried considers b!y -'f, "'
fact. But the fflt eff fantlag-i tat
shown u that the icrpeda boat de
stroyer is not uch a dangerous foe
after all.
-It may be that the torpedo boat de
ciders n I ':rH"b.M.
did not ret fair trial cn this occa.
If two nations were goinf lo crgamx
fleets of warships for the rurp-.se of
er.ragir.f ch other in i-a.e -,-"
such fgbt the torpedo boat 1.4 th.
a mm
for these boats on long trips
i.. ii iv,, toroedo tat and torp-do
bat detroyer may prove more useful
another time.
At Manila Admiral Dwey wm rem
elled to enter a harbor which knew
as mined and at the same lirr.e he
the one at Santiago last -C-1J'
m m aimmii i itrr. a
-At Manila the batteries ashore could
ore readily obtain the range of fire
while fff Santiago tne if
constantly changed as our .hiM moved
to "he westward while pursuing the
ShlS OI tne et.r.j-
First Shark Cgh!
Second Shark-Why. what In heav
ens name l the matter with you?
First Shark-Bah-I got that Ml.
Sond' Shark-Well. I'm sure .he'.
rlumD and pink enough for anything.
First Sh.rk-Possibly! but I prefer
my dishes with a trifle more dressing,
thank you.
-Tou are standing on my gown. Mr.
ornmute" said a lady In a crowded
allroore to a gentleman. .
-I beg your pardon, madam." replied
ie offender, -but you see I -m ?
' Mtrally get .n board whenever
chance offer..".
torpedo destroyer wouio -. ...y
snective placea V e must not forget
that the Spanish have beer, hfidtrap-
tias compelled to rim '
welll a the batteries a b.rd of the
Spanish vessels at anther in the har
rJr in his case the scene cf action
trr. " .mtlUr than
w. . .'tee.
IT
ft. :
