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About Plattsmouth weekly journal. (Plattsmouth, Neb.) 1881-1901 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 6, 1894)
OUK NAVY. Points In the Annual Report of Secretary Herbert. Recommends Construction of More Battle Hhips and Torpedo ltoats Estimates for Comliur Vrr Naval Militia. Washington. Nov. 29. The secretary of the vy In his annual report to the president rec ommends thatcongress be asked to authorize the construction of three battle ships of about 10.000 tons displacement each, to cost, exclu sive of armament, not exceeding $1,000,000 each, and twelve torpedo boats of from 100 to 300 tons each, at the discretion of the secretary of the navy to cost not exceeding an average of $170,000 or a total expenditure for naval In crease of $14.04U.000. The naval estimates for the fiscal year end ed June 30, lim. amount to $30,952,000. of which $13,259,393 is to make payments upon work hitherto authorized. The construction of Kteam machinery, armor and armament of the new vessels now aDproachlng completion. This appropriation, which is to meet an Indebt edness due before the end of the fiscal year, will be substantially the lat. for with the ex penditure of J75O.00O in 1K the existing navy will be entirely paid for. The secretary announces the adoption of a new naval policy regarding the movements of ships In commission. He has decided in the interests of economy and efficiency and for tho more perfect protection of American In terests abroad to put into operation a policy which will keep a number of cruising vessels sufficient for the ordinary needs of naval policing on each of the six stations. North and South Atlantic. North and South Pacific. Asiatic and European, the South Pacific being a new station, now for the first time an nounced. This policy, it is thought, will allow frequent fleet and squadron evolutions which are necessary for the instruction of officers and men. Tho secretary alludes to Secretary Chan dler's references to the wastefulness resulting rom many different yards and from the meth ods pursued in them. What our navy needs, says the secretary, is more snips and guns, not m re navy yards.- Jndcr this head the secretary says that the ordnance work at the Washington gun factory has progressed satisfactorily during the past year. Our plant, all of the newest pattern and most approved design, was selected with the greatest care and constructed with commend able foresight. It remains unsurpassed in the world. During the year 4.V1 guns, rang ing from 4 to 13-inch, were ordered, and of these 340 have been completed. Imring the past year the development of rapid fire guns abroad has been in the direc tion of an increase in numbers, with an exten sion of the system to guns of higher calibers, and the department has been at work on sim ilar lines. It is difficult to overestimate the advantages of rapid fire. . The progress made in this country in the manufacture of armor has been remarkable. To make such armor requires a plant costing millions of dollars and workmen of skill anil experience. Two great armor manufacturing plants have been established in this country. The very first plates produced are believed to have been equal to any then turned out in the oldest establishments of Europe. The depart ment, however, was not satisfied with this. It demanded improvement upon European armor, and improvements were made, first by the in troduction of an admixture of nickel with the steel and. secondly, by face-hardening by means of the Harvey process. Thus. It is be lieved, our armor became very early in the process of its manufacture, far and away the best in the world. European navies are now adopting similar methods. Interest In the naval militia continues un abated, and It is apparent to the department that its efficiency has materially increased within the past year. During this period or ganizations have, been perfected in Michigan and Connecticut, and the formation of others has been authorized .by the legislatures of Vermont. New Jersey, Virginia and Georgia. At the present time the number of officers ami men of the various states mustered in anl serving numbers 2.549. The movement is Mill in its infancy, and certainly prom ises gratifying results, but the exact re lations of the naval militia to the regular .ervice. and how the two shall best and most efllcientty cooperate In any regular plan of national defense. Is not as yet distinctly cnurked out There are. however, undoubtedly many directions in which the splendid bodies of young men now being organized can in cae of need render effective service. The depart ment wl.i continue to extend all the material aid in its power, and will always be ready, by fcuccrsuons and otherwise, to assist in per fecting any plans that may promise to secure the helpful and harmonious cooperation of the militia with the regular navy. '1 be secretary asks authority to put the old warship Constitution in condition to preserve her indefinitely. Ho recommends that con gress -avthorize the construction of a special battleship to perpetuate the name of Kear s:u ce. and he urwes the transfer of the coast purvey establishment to the navy. CITIZEN BANDITS. Alleged Srheme Whereby Wealthy Cattle men Defraud Express Companies. Ei.uexo. O. T., Nov. 29. Twenty-five thousand dollars was expressed from Kansas City to George Isaacs, a wealthy Chickasaw cattleman at Can adian, Tex., arriving at that point Saturday evening' last. When the train pulled into Canadian station a ganj; of bandits held up the express car, opening a general fusillade on the train. Sheriff McGec, of this county, was called in and took a hand at the shoot ing in protecting the express company and was shot by the roblers, being literally shot to pieces, and several others were fatally wounded in the en gagement, among them being some of the robbers, who were carried away by their pals. It is stated that a combination has been made by wealthy cattlemen and Kansas City parties whereby money is to be shipped into the territory where the express companies are to be de spoiled. The shippers will then pre sent their claims to the express com panies for settlement. A number of wealthy cattlemen of the Chickasaw Indian nation are said to be impli cated. George Isaacs, a wealthy stockman living in the western part of the Chick asaw nation, has been arrested. Isaacs shipped to himself from Kansas City two "packages said to contain 525,000. They were addressed to Canadian, Tex., and were on the train attacked bv the robbers, in the defense of which Sheriff McGee was killed. The pack ages were opened and found to contain S iOO in 81 and S3 bills. Two of the rob bers were identified as Isaacs and a friend. The former was captured. HEALTH OF THE PRESIDENT. We lias Suffered Severely from Kheo- niatlnm. Bat Is Hetter. Washington, Nov. 30. The presi dent continues to improve in health lie is much better and expects to be out in a few days, said Secretary Thur-Ih-i. in reply to an inquiry concerning the health of the chief executive. The president has suffered much pain from his foot, and at times has been obliged to lay aside his work on this account. He has had these rheumatic attacks before, and the trouble is no more se vere than those he has previously ex perienced. TRADE REVIEW. The Outlook as It Appears to Dan and liradstreet. New York, Dec. 1. R. G. Dun & Co.'s weekly review ot trade says: "The complete success of the government loan and the replenishment of the gold reserve havo not perceptibly affected business nor pre vented an advance of foreign exchange near to the exporting point. As January interest has soon to be met. and the operations of the syn dicate are thought likely to prevent much sell ing of the bonds to foreigners, some exports of gold are not improbable. 'Money commands better rates since the sale of bonds, but there Is scarcely any im provement in commercial or industrial de mands, and the flow of currency hitherward is as large as it has been at any time since Sep temler. Importers make moderate demands, and the call from merchants is only for imme diate needs. "Meanwhile domestic trade and industry have been little influenced by the heavy de falcation in one bank and minor disorders in two others, nor by the failure of the Erie rail way to meet interest on its bonds. The clos ing of sugar refineries will diminish the indus trial force more than it is increased by the resumption of the Bethlehem steel works and a few other concerns. The con trolling fact is that, although in two in stances wages have been increased, the earn ings of the working force and its purchasing power are not on the whole enlarging at present, and prices of the chief farm products do not materially improve. c Cotton reached 6 cents last Saturday and has reacted 3-16 after a week of heavy speculation. Wheat is ISje higher than a week ago. and western receipts still exceed last year's, while exports from all ports have been about 21.000. 00) bushels smaller . Corn has advanced a frac tion, receipts being larger than a year ago. atid on the whole the outcome for farmers has not so improved as to promise larger buying by the west and suth. "The average for railroad stocks has de clined 3 cents rer share and for trust stocks $1.93 per share, in part because the Shoe and Leather robbery and other bank irregularities caused some unreasoning influences, but more tecause the earnings continue uninspiring. "The tumble In sugar stock may be aimed at congressional action, but the enormous impor tations last summer in anticipation of d.uties Iiave not been sustained by the expected con sumption. The curtailment of coal production nlso lessens the working force or hours, and many of the flour mills at the west have stopped on account of the condition of the market. "The great industries fairly maintain the production previously reported, but cannot be expected to increase at this season. A few more iron works have gone into operation, and the demand is reported larccr. but there is distinct weakness in prices. The shoe industry continues to do remarkably well for the season, and the prospect for the spring business is fairly good, although trouble about prices occasions some friction. In textile manufac tures there is more strength in print cloths, but other cottons are somewhat irregular and weaker, and the woolen manufacture still re ceives some orders for winter goods; but the demand for spring is much retarded by una void able delay in filling orders. Treasury receipt are smali. customs 20 per cent, and internal revenue nearly 40 per cent, less than last year, and the deficit for the month appears to be about $i.000.00ft "The liabilities in failures for the third week of November were S2.33S.931. against 12.285.676 for the same week last year. The decrease was all In manufacturing, of which liabilities were 1913.326. against 1.SH0.027 last year, while in trading concerns liabilities were $1,395,040. against ?1 .384.849 last year. For three weeks of November liabilities have been $f.03.429. against $17,937,145 last year. Fail ures during the week have been in the United States 289. against 271 last year, and in Can ada 30, against 48 last year." Bradstreefs says: "There is no general or radical improvement In business at the south, the southwest or the northwest. Hut in central western states, and particularly at some important cities fn the old middle and New England states, the re verse is true, a material gain in demand for many seasonable staples having shown itself with a corresponding increase in volumes of goods distributed or orders for future de livery. PANIC IN PEKING. Chaos Kales in the Chinese Capital American legation in Danger. Washington, Dec. 1. "Chaos rules in Peking. The American legation in danger of being sacked. Need im mediate protection." That is the substance of a cable re ceived Friday by Secretary Gresham from Minister .Denby at Peking. Sec retary Gresham made an immediate call upon Secretary Herbert of the navy and the two were closeted to gether for an hour and a half. As a result cablegrams were at once sent to the minister assuring him that prompt measures would be instituted, in spite of international complications, to protect him and his associates. Both state and navy department officers are reticent as to news itself and what will be done to protect the life of the American minister. As the Mo nocac3' is the only vessel near I'ekin it is assumed that whatever force is sent will be from that vessel, which is in the Pei Ho river not far from the seat of government of the Chinese emperor. State department oflicials pretend not to admit it, but they undoubtedly regard the situation in Peking as ex tremely grave. They know Minister Denby is not a man to be alarmed needlessly. He is an experienced diplomat who would not have asked for aid except at the last extremity. They also realize how helpless the legation will be in the event of an at tack from Chinamen. The entire force of the Monocacy does not comprise more than 150 men, and it is not probable that more than seventy five of these can be spared from the ship for the purpose of affording protection to the legation officials. Viewing it from this light, the situa tion is alarming. Not only are the legation attaches in danger, but the entire American colony in Peking, in cluding doubtless a number who have already sought the protection of the American minister. There are five vessels within com paratively easy reach the Baltimore, Admiral Carpenter's flagship, is at Na gasaki, the Charleston at Chemulpo, the Concord at ChinKiang, the Petrel is in the vicinity of Port Arthur, the Yorktown is en route from San Fran cisco to Yokohama and is expected to arrive daily. HAWAII RECOGNIZED. Many of the European Governments Offi cially Acknowledge the Republic. Wasuinotox, Dec. X. The Ha waiian charge d'affaires, Frank P. Hastings, has received in his cur rent mail information that since the establishment of the republic in Hawaii on July 4 last the official recognition of the following governments have been . received: United States, Great Britain, France, Russia. Italy, Belgium, Mexico, Guate mala, and also notice of intent from Germany and Peru. OUR WARRIORS. Secretary Lamont Thinks the Army Should Be Increased. Thirty Thousand Men About the Right Number Itattallon Formation Crged Keport on Operations of His Department. Washington. Dee. 1. Secretary of War Daniel S. Lamont in submitting his annual re port to the president gives the expenditures ot his department for the fiscal year ending June SO, 1MM. at $.t6,0:.0(W.34. The appropria tions for the fiscal year of 1H95 are 52.4:.112.7!l. The estimates for the fiscal year ending June 30. 1X9(1, are $52,318,6.55. The reports of the officers in command of the several geographical departments corrobo rate the opinion, expressed ia the last annual i report that Indian warfare is virtually at an end in the United States, and that beyond oc casional calls for police duty in the neighbor hood of Indian reservations, the army will henceforth be relieved to a greater degree I each year of the labor of armed surveillance 1 over the tribes of the west, j It was found necessary during the period be ginning with March and extending through July of the current year. In various sections of ' the country, to employ a considerable part of ; the army to execute the orders of the United States courts, otherwise successfully defied and resisted, to protect the dispatch of the United States mails, to remove restraints to travel and commerce, and to guard the proper ty of the government. The movement of troops thus necessitated was the largest which has taken p'.aee since the close of the civil war. The difficult and extraordinary tasks im posed upon the onicers and men of th.e army were discharged promptly, firmly and judic iously, in a manner which uttestcd to the courr age. intelligence and loyalty of those called Into act've duty, and the thorough efficiency of every branch of the service. The militia of the states wherever employed also proved gen erally to be composed of qualified and reliable soldiers. The number of enlisted men in service on October 31 was 35.516. Deducting the sick, those in confinement, recruits not yet joined, those absent on furlough, and others employed In staff departments of on detached service, the effective field strength on the same date was 2), 114 of all arms. The report says: "I earnestly recommend that congress enact the legislation necessary to establish in the army tho battalion forma tion, now adopted by the armies of every other civilized nation. As necessary to effect that change I recommend the removal of the limit of .Y0U0 men fixed by the act of Juno 18. 187-i. and a return to the limit fixed by the act of July 15. 170. I-ecislative approval of these two propositions will restore to the effective force about 4.000 enlisted men. bringing the actual strength of the army up to the nominal strength now fixed by law. By these changes the army will be increased in efficiency 'JO per cent , in numbers about 1C1 percent, and in cost of maintenance only about 6 per cent. The organization of the line of the army has undergone no material change since the close of the civil war. During this period of thirty years every large foreign army has been completely reorganized. Changes and im provements in arms and ammunition and equipments have forced upon the leading tacti cians of the gre:it armies of the world the ne cessity of a broad departure from the old sys tems. All have adopted the battalion as the tactical unit for infantry and artillery serv ing as infantry, and nearly all the equivalent of the squadron as the cavalry unit. The light artillery battalion has a similar composition. Should our army ever be brought into collision with discipliaed for eign troops, our present formation would prove so defective as to turn the scale against us in a conflict on terms otherwise equal. For some years the secretaries of war, the generals com manding the army and the most eminent au thorities in military science in this country have urged the adoption of the battalion for mation, and our most progressive and best In formed officers believe that the organization of our small army should embody this univer sally approved result of modern military thought. For pay. rations and clothing of the in creased number of enlisted men proposed an Increase of f 1.200. 000 in annual appropriations will be required. Retrenchment In the ad ministrative branches of the war department has reduced expenditures for the current fiscal year by upward of half a million dollars com pared with last year, and the estimates con template further retrenchment for the coming fiscal year. These economies in the adminis tration of the war department may properly be turned to the beueflt of the army, aud so regarded, the proposed increase in numbers and the higher efficiency in organization of the enliste 1 men mav be obtained at an increase of only about $7uo.0U0 over sums hitherto appro priated annually to the war department. " The policy of concentrating the troops and abandoning unnecessary posts has been pros ecuted throughout the year. Where prac- j tieable small garrisons remote from railroads, ' whose further retention has become unnecces i sary by a change of conditions, have been con- so lid a ted with garrisons at more important centers, thus reducing the cost of maintenance I and transportation and utilizing improved fa- cilities for the prompt dispatch of troops to j any point where their services may be re i quired. The chances have in no instance i lessened the protection afforded by the army to any region in which a garrison has hereto i fore been stationed, but have considerably i augmented the extent of territory over which I that protection can promptly and effectively be afforded. i On June 30. 163. the army was distributed l among ninety-five independent posts. During j the last year the number of posts was reduced i to eighty, with garrisons ranging from no to ! 750 men. The uggregate area of the military j reservations abandoned since the lat annual j report is upwards of SUR.Ouu acres, j Army officers on duty with the national guard of tho states, of whom twenty-seven were regularly assigned to state headquarters, concur in reporting steady Improvement in the training and efficiency of the militia. The fact that state camps of instruction, in which forty additional army officers participated, were held by thirty-three states is proof that state military establishments are on a better footing now than ever before in time of peace. In several instances army detachments took part in stae camps, and the profit to the army in acquaintance with the soldierly qualities of the militia and to the militia in observation of the attention ot the regulars to details, which is necessary to the perfect sol dier, is both a present benefit and an invest ment for the future from which we should reap returns in any emergency calling for the cooperation of the two forces. The strength of the militia shows an increase of about 5,000 since last year, the latest returns showing a total organized force of 117.533 officers and en listed men. The artillery arm. maintained by thirty-three states, has an enrollment of 5.922 officers and men: the cavalry, arm. maintained oy twenty-six states, of 5.0(59. Among other topics touched upon in the re port are the following: Small arms and equip ments, field and siege guns, sea coast defenses, arsenals and armories, powders ana projectiles, dynamite guns, education of the army, mili tary academy at West Point, national soldiers' home, military prisons. Apache prisoners of war. rivers and harbors, preservation of battle fields, military reservations, monuments to Oens. Logan. Sheridan. Hancock, and Sher man, pension office, national cemeteries and war records. WILL MEET AT OMAHA IN '95. Work of the Closing Session of the Trans Mississippi Congress. Sr. Louis, Dec. 1. Not more than fifty delegates were in attendance at the closing session of the trans Mississippi congress Friday. The most important resolution adopted was one favoring the allottment by severalty of lands in Oklahoma; the giving to natives the rights of citizen ship and recommending that the ter ritory be admitted to statehood. Omaha was selected as the place for holding the next congress in 1S95. THE INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. Secretary Hoke Smith Submits Ills An nual Report. Washington, Dec. 1. In his annual report to the president on the opera tions of the interior department Sec retary Hoke Smith reviews the prob lem of effective work for the advance ment of the Indians. He says the task of the Indian bureau is that of developing a people no longer savage, but still far from civilized, into beings fit for American citizenship and capable of self-support. Two -means are chiefly relied upon to accomplish this tn the most practical manner education and allotments of land in severalty. lie does not question the advisability of allotting land to Indians in severalty, but does question Its propriety before the Indians have progressed sufficiently to utilize the land when taken. The secretary says that land should tot be purchased from the Indians at the best bargain the United States can make, but should be sold by the United States, the de partment acting as a, faithful trustee and ob taining for the Indians every dollar the land will bring. In speaking ot the education of the Indians, be says that a definite plan for the Indian, when school is finished, must always be In view. If he Is to enter our cities and towns as any other citizen, then his education should be broad and liberal. Hut if he is to commence his active life in the development of the re sources of the reservation, then his education should be directed especially with a view to that life. Secretary Smith adds that even if the education of the young In dian is a preparation for work on the reser vation, it should also work to the end that he should bo fitted as soon as possible to manage his own aTalrs. free from the paternal care of the department. Mr. Smith agrees fully in his report with those who oppose the use of public money for the support of sectarian schools: but he thinks it would be scarcely just to abolish them entirely to abandon instantly a policy so lonr recog nized. He suggests that they be decreased at the rate of not less than 20 per cent, a year. Thus in a few years they would cause to exist. During this time the bureau would gradually be prepared to do with out them, while they might gather strength to continue without governmental aid. The secretary urpes that the courts in Ar kawas and Texas bo abandoned, and that the Jurisdiction of the United States court be ex tended over the territory without regard to citizenship. The secretary condemns In strong terms the establishment of saloons upon the line of In dian reservations and calls attention to the de cision of Judge Bellinger, of the district of Oregon, to the effect that the sale of liquor to an Indian who has received his land in sever alty is not in violation of law because by allot ment he has become a citizen. If this decis ion is right, it presents another argument aguinst too speedy allotment of lands in sev eralty to Indians. The report shows that the public lands dis posed of during the past fiscal year aggregate 10.S77.;4.72 acres. It approximates the vacant lands remuinlng at (1X3 04O.3K171 acres, ex clusive of Alaska, which contains 300.0O0.000 acres, and military and other reservations; LK.OOO.OUO ucres in round numbers are em braced in the lists of selections by railroad and wagon road companies awaiting examination and settlement at the close of the fiscal year. The aggregate selection of swamp lands since the passage of the net of 1W9 Is 80.4T6.1!3.51 acres. During the past year 138.15tf.47 acres were patented under this head. The total rash receipts from the disposal of public lands amounted to 2.e74.2H3,79: J91 KS1. 03 were received for Indian lands Over 35,000 agricultural patents were issued, granting, approximately, 5.640 8 0 acres. Mineral, mill site and coal patents were issued to the num ber of 1.429. About 3.100 patents were issued to Indians for allotments or selections in sev eralty, covering 101.t3a.34 acres. Patents of all classes issued during the year covered about 7.700.01IO acres, a decrease from the pre ceding year of over 2.000.0UO acres. Congress is asked to make sufficient appro priations to employ at least one superintend ent on each reserve and upon the larger re serves to provide a sufficient force of assist ants to prevent public property from being wantonly destroyed. It is also pointed out that a lack of special agents has prevented investigation of proposed forest reserves which would otherwise have been made. The Importance of laying a foundation for a wise, comprehensive forestry system to be applied to the timber upon the public lands and the forest reservations is again urged upon congress. The secretary recommends that the commis sioner of the general land office and the secre tary of the interior be relieved from the duty of deciding these cases aud that a nonpartisan court be created in connection with the gen eral land office. The decision of this court is to be final, so far as the Jurisdiction of the de partment is concerned. It is suggested that an appeal should be had in certain circum stances. oAt the close of the fiscal year ending June 80. Is4. Wiy.544 pensioners were borne upon the rolls, an increase of 8.532 pensioners during the year. Of these. 10.H11 pensioners ore on account of Indian and other wars prior to the late war. and 15.42 widows, orphans and other dependent relatives. Under the act of June 87, isyo. there are 375.0S4 pensioneiO and t'4.200 widows and orphans, it is interesting to note that nine widows and three daughters of vet erans of the revolution constitute the pension roll for that war. Forty-five survivors of the war cf lH12constitute the remnant of that list. The total amount expended for pensions during the past fiscal year was fl.10.SOJ 4i'1.05. leaving a balance from the appropriation in the treasury of -5. 205.712.85. The estimate for the fiscal year 1S96 made by the commissioner Is H40.0)0.0i0. The commissioner states that. In his opinion, tho year 1895. thirty years after the close of the last war. must in the nature of things see the highest limit of the pension roll which, therefore, must begin to decrease. The aggregate of persons added to the rolls during the year is 39.0S5. and the total number dropped for all causes 37.951. There were 21.546 patents granted, including reissues and designs, and 1.658 trade marks registered during the past year. Tho number of patents which expired is 13.167. The total expenditures of the patent office amounted to 1.053.962. The receipts exceeded the expendi tures $129,560. The commissioner ot labor in charge of the eleventh census, for the fiscal year ending June JO, 1894. states that the total disburse ments on account of the eleventh census to that date amounted to $10,365,676 81. At the close of the fiscal year the total number of persons employed in the census office was 679; there are at the present writing aboat 400. The whole number of volumes necessary to Comprehend all the facts gathered at the eleventh census is twenty-five: the estimated and actual printed pages of these volumes be ing 22.2C0. The report treats at length of many more subjects of minor interest, among them being the bureau of education, public documents, railroads, the territories, national parks and forest reserves, and various public institu tions. The secretary closes his report with recom mendation for an additional building for the Interior department, as $352,699 were paid out for rental of buildings in which several branches of the department have their offices located. Georgia legislators Refuse to Vote Money for the Militia. Atlanta, Ga., Nov. SO. Consterna tion reigns in the ranks of the volun teer militia of the state over the fail ure of the house of representatives to vote the usual appropriation for their maintenance. For several years the legislature has set aside from $20,000 to 825,000 annually for the military, but the present body has de clined to give a cent for that purpose. This will necessitate abandonment of the annual encampments, and will Jrobably result in disbanding of a ma ority of the companies now in the aervice NIGHT FISHING. A Novel Way of Catching Bljf Black Rasa In New York State. When the cold weather comes on in the fall the Lake Keuka lover of angling looks forward to what is to him the most enjoyable sport of all tho year, although the average angler elsewhere would not be apt to see much pleasure in it. This is fishing for black bass at night. The fisher men along the lake discovered long ago that the biggest black bass seek the deep water in the fall, and do their feeding mostly at night. It has also been discovered by them that the bass hare peculiar ideas about what they are willing to eat at night. In fishing for black bass. during the day the angler on Lake Keuka meets with little success if he fishes with any of tho baits that are usually killing else where, such as dobson or crawfish. These baits Lake Keuka black bass will rarely notice, and he is not partial to young lrogs. The best bait for bass in this water is a little minnow, which is caught in a creek that flows into the lake. It is called the streaked side. The minnows natural to the lake shiners and other kind are indiffet-entl- taken by the bass. During the day the angler drifts slowly in his boat along the shores. The fishing is done in comparatively shallow water, along the outer edges of the thick growths of submerged water weeds. If any sink er is used it is a very light one. The minnow must be always lively, or the day-feeding bass will not come near it. At night the fishing is done in an entirely different manner. Then the fisherman seeks water that is thirty or forty feet deep. Instead of a single hook, he uses a gang of eight or ten tied in pairs an inch apart. The hooks are but little larger than ordinary trout fly hooks. Until last season the lure used was either a dead lake shiner or a little brilliant fish known as the saw belly, or a piece of fat pork cut in a narrow strip and wound temptingly about the gang of hooks. Last season some one made the discovery that the bass, as if to keep up and add to their reputation for capriciousness. would take a black fly at night with especial avidity. The fly that seems to be the most killing is a big fuzzy thing, as long as a caterpillar, and with very few feathers on it. This is tied on a large, crooked hook with a long shank. According to a local angler of of much observation, this queer-looking lure resembles closely an insect that abounds at this time of year on the weeds that grow on the lottom of the lake, and upon which the ba.ss spend the night in feeding. If the fishtrman uses the gang of hooks and a shiner, sawbelly, or piece of pork, the bait is so attached to the gang that when it is trolled through the water -it will whirl. The leader used is six feet long. When it is fas tened to the line another line, two or three feet long is tied. To the other end of this is attached a lead-sinker of about four ounces in weight. This is let to the bottom. The gang and its allurinir bait play on the water above the bottom the length of the sinker line. This rig is used at the end of a hundred feet of line. The boat drifts, or is rowed very slowly. If the fly is used: it is sunk to the bottom in the same way. three flies be ing used as the'leader. two feet apart. Bottom fishing with flies is a new art in the Lake Keuka waters, and is prac tised with good success in the day-time as well as at night. This gang rig never takes bass except at night. N. V. Sun. PHILADELPHIA AS CAPITAL. fllonotonr of Life in the City in the Early Iayn of the In Ion. Life in Philadelphia during these ten rears from 17i0 to 1SIK) must have been as delightful as provincial life ban ever be to those who are bred in capitals. There was a little gloss of finish, and there was the beauty of the American women, which led to c.-rtain international marriages, but there was the eternal monotony of a new and small society. Outside of this tempo rary capital, in the woods where the j people were beginning to build an em pire, was to be found the real life of the new experiment. Civilization had pitched its tent there, but while the future glowed with hope for the country and for humanity, the .prtyient was crude and uncom fortable. The few Europeans who saw the hopefulness of the experiment were men of broad and philosophic minds. Most of those who came hither on business or for pleasure complained only of the barbarism of the back woods. The representatives of foreign countries who were forced to dwell at the seat of government found life al most unbearable. It was of Turrcan, whom Napoleon sent as minister to the United States in 1804. that Henry Adams was writing when he said: "At best, the position of a French minister in America was not agreeable. The mere difference in habits, manners, amusements, and the want of a thou sand luxuries and pleasures such as made Paris dear to every Frenchman, rendered Washington a place of exile Perhaps nothing but fear of the guillo tine could have reconciled even repub lican Frenchmen to staying in a coun try where, in the words of Talleyrand, there was no Frenchman who did not feel himself a stranger." Rut what did Jefferson or Madison care for Turreau Turreau of whom Dolly Madison wrote: "I have heard Rad things of Turreau that he whips his-wife, and abuses her dreadfully; the wife who was servant in his jail, who rubbed out the red mark on his door placed there as a guida to the guillotiners, and whom lie mar ried because she had thus saved his life? Henry Loom is Nelson, in Hai per's Magazine. A Distrartinn. Mrs. Brown Considering the trouble) y.Mt have with dyspepsia. I should think you wouldn't insist on eating every thing! Brown My dear, the only tim- 1 don't feel miserable 1'ir: i-'.ii - PneV SCHOOL AND CHURCH. Holman Hunt has just been ap pointed Romanes lecturer for 1395 at Oxford. The largest salary that any Baptist minister receives in Germany is 3.000 marks, about S350. and the church that pays this salary has between 500 and 600 members. The Pennsylvania supreme court has confirmed the decree of the lower court that school boards have the right to exclude from the public schools children who have not been vaccin ated. Judge Oliver Wendell Holmes, of Boston, the son of the poet." was a lieutenant-colonel in the civil war, and was wounded at Antietom and Freder icksburg. After the war he became professor in the Harvard law school. A writer in the Living Church ana lyzes the returns of the Protestant Episcopal church, and shows that there are 4,300 churches with less than 100 communicants each, l,."0i having le tween 100 and 200, 24 with 1.000, two with over 2,000 and one with over 3,000 communicants. Mrs. Theresa Vide, formerly a Miss Grifiin, has ju.st been decorated with the grand cordon of the chefekat by his majesty, the sultan of Turkey, in reward for "services rendered to the Ottcmn ?nipirc" by the paper re-"? be fore tiie lidiai'V cu.i("tcal the Colum bian fair at Chicago, on "Turkey and the Religion of Islam."' Probably the first provision for a free school in America by a direct tax or assessments on the inhabitants of the town was in Dorchester, in 1P:09, four years after the general court had granted Thompson's island to the peo ple of the town of Dorchester. The town voted to tax the proprietors of this : island twenty pounds ''for the maintenance of a school in Dor- . Chester," and the rent was paid by one hundred and twenty persons, including the principal part of the adult male in habitants. The Montreal aldermen bave be fore them a resolution restoring all property in the city now exempt to the taxable list, to be taxed on a basis of half its value. The city is heavil.f in debt, and its revenues are unequal to the demands upon the treasury, and nore money must be raised in some jvay. This .scheme of taxing exempt property promises to add quite a sum to the revenue, for there would be some 820,(100.000 to be taxed. The greater portion of the exempted church prop erty in Montreal is owned by Roman Catholics, while the Frotestants are the richer in proportion to their numbers. The Roman Catholic population of Montreal is said to be 10.",000, and the value of the exempted property owned by Roman Catholic churches is 811,04.1. 750. There are r.r.,000 Protestants, who own church propertj- worth S0,T10,9s4. In addition, there is school and other propert3 to be taxed. THE KING OF INNISHKEA. lie Dwells on an Irish Island and Itules a Mayo Tribe. About sixteen miles from Dugort. in Achill island, out to sea, looking like a thin line of sand in the waves of the Atlantic, is the island of Innishkea. One fine morning our varty started to visit it in a trusty hooker. As the hooker came in sight of the shore great excitement was visible among the islanders, and it was very hard to realize that we were still but thirty six hours' journey from London. The inhabitants turned out en masse, the women and children in their scanty garments of red flannel crouched out side their cabins, while numbers of the men ran down to thelieaehand put out in their coracles on chance of rowing us to land. It was a strange scene and curiously like a picture plate in a boy's bx)k of adventures. We knew there was a "King'' of Innishkea, and sooq a tall, bronze-faced man was pointed out to us as his majesty. On landing all the part' .vere intro duced and conditcted by him to "the palace," where the queen dowager with her daughter bade us welcome in true Irish fashion. The old lady was in her picturesque native costume red dress and plaid shawl over her head; the princess, however, had evidently on first sight of the hooker arrayed her self in modern fashion to do us honor; and we were amused on penetrating into the reception room to find adver tisements from shops in Buckingham Palace road and St. Paul's churchyard hung up to embellish the wall, though only by a favored few could they be . read. The island was destitute of any school or means of instruction for the children, a very small proportion either understood or spoke English, and there was neither watch nor clock among the people, who had a happy -go-lueky idea of time and troubled themselves little as to Greenwich regulations. There were no church bells to ring, no trains to catch, no office hours re quiring punctuality; so when the sun was high in the heavens they would get through their no very arduous farming duties, and when he sank in the great waste of waters they could seep. The king's word settled all disputes; it was a hereditary mon archy, and his people, as far as he was concerned, were untaxed. Happy those statis, thought some of the visit ors, whei-e royalty could be main tained with so little cost and sov ereigns content with so little grandeur! However, I am in honesty bound to add that we found King Philip had other means of filling his coffers be sides levying taxes on! his faithful subjects and had learned the art of making good his opportunity when ever the Saxon stranger ventured to land on his shore. But Innishkea has an interest altogether apart from its situation, surrounded as it is by lovely views of mountain cliff and rocky headland. On this spot, hundreds of years ago, early Christian missionar'es "landed, and on the top of a shelly mount, half a mile from the beach, are Christian remains of great antiquity. West of the island there stands also the ruins of a church said to buvD been built by the successow of SjW Colnmba. Leisure Iloura.