PLATTSMOUTH SEMI - WEEKLY JOURNAL
PAGE FIVE
'Pacific House' at '39 Fair on S. F. Bay
Italy's Budget Sets 6 Million
as Foreign Propaganda Fund;
Schools Abroad Receive Half
Nations Seek
to Settle Czech
German Trouble
Warner Not
to Withdraw
from GOP Race
MONDAY, MAY 9, 1S38.
Privite Associations in Two Americas Also
Help Program and Spread Culture
of Homeland Among Youth
Py STEWART BROWN
ROME (UP) Italy spends 124,
00O.000 lire ($G. 522, 000) annually
en propaganda of various kinds in
foreign countries in an effort to
make new converts for Fascism and
t; keep Italians living abroad in
closer contact with their homeland,
a study of the current financial bud
git reveals.
Almost half of this money, most
cf which comes from the budget of
the ministry for foreign affairs, is
:-ent on Italian schools abroad. The
I'alian government maintains 138 j
ivhools in foreign lands and gives
I'liancial assistance to an additional
t.-1.
This alone costs the government
000, OoO yearly. These schools.
.!'ich are chiefly established in the
I ;iiid States. South America and
Fianc-e. have a total attendance of -dragon, aster, calendula, marigold.
C5.000. Tho pupils are almost cxclu- j panpy. petunia, pinks, salvia, sca
sively sons and daughters of Italians biosa aud verbena; perennials au
living abroad and the main aim of bi it tia, buddleia. Canterbury bells,
the schools is to teach them Italian ; coiumbine, hollyhock, pyrethrum,
and pet them interested in Fascist pinkSi scabiosa and viola.
Italy. Betwen the groups of flowers that
New Citizens Sought may and may not be transplanted i3
Naturally, the Italian government ! a Jhird division. plants in this
hopes the majority of these boys will
rrek Tor lialian citizenship when they
become of age. rather than accept
ing the nationality of the country
in which they were born.
The Fascist party boasts that more
than SO. 000 Italian boys aud girls
living in foreign countries are now
regularly inscribed in the Balilla or
ganization, recently renamed the
"Gioventu del Littorio."
According to a recent party com
munication, some 10.000 applications!
lor membeship in this organization
were received in Latin-America alone!
last year. The government yearly,
fpends between $250,000 and S300.-J
000 in assisting these foreign!
1. ranches. I
T act i-t. r- t h r. rnvcmmpni nt ITS
own expense brought IS. 5
00 of thee '
Italian bovs back to Italv to spend a
few weeks in summer camps vithj
their voung Fascist brothers. Many,!
of them came from the United States J
and Latin-America. The same thing :
111 Uf UUIie IU1S MHUIUtl. I
Private Organizations Active
In addition to the Fascist organ
izations which are directly subsidized
. ,. . ,, , ,,w
nnrato lhi hnTi accnr allfinQ fluff f l t(R!
supported by
wealthy Italian com
I
muni ties
-ru :-. : . : 1 i J
the United States, where the Order ! neutrality m a Lzecnosio.a u,,
of the Sons of Italv is a flourishing j nt vas expected to be similar to
. : they "banIts nff" ntfitlirlp nf fiprmiiny
(M L.dllUdl ion. in .-"iiiui iva mv.li
urn,.i,,;, f i.aiion. in Smith
1.1 lilt V C . V ' IU1 V L ALCIIIUHO v' v
America.
Most of these non-official organ
ization have a distinct bond with
Fascist Italy. Many of them operate
on programs laid down by the "Dante
Alighieri." which is a government
supported organization created toj
spread Italian culture and propa
ganda in foreign countries. This or
ganization has 200 committee in for
eign countries with a total member
ship of 23.000.
To further this work the govern
ment spends more than $500,000 an
nually, which is entered in the For-1
eien Affairs budget as "defense of j
I:;ilianity abroad.
Exactly'how this
sum is expended is not divulged.
Tourist Trade Sought
The second biggest item for foreign
propaganda, after schools, is $1,000.
onO annually for "tourist propa
ganda." This appears in the budget
(if the ministry of popular culture.
This money mostly is spent on for
eign advertising to attract tourists to
Italy.
In addition, the ministry of pop
ular culture spends about $100,000
annually on keeping Italian press at
taches in the big capitals of the
world. The chief task of these men
H to try to obtain a better press for
Fascist Italy In foreign newspapers.
Other items of a propaganda na
ture in the budgets of the ministries
of popular culture and foreign af
fairs are: special political missions
abroad, $150. 000; broadcasts to for-
c isn countries, $75,000: foreign con-
renres and congress, $80,000; te
c-rot expenses.
;5.000.
FILES TOR LEGISLATURE
LINCOLN, May 7 (UP) J. B.
Douglas. 01, Tecumseh business man
and a member of the state game
commission filerl today as a candidate
for the unicameral legislature from
the first district.
Douglas said "it seems important
;vt tlii? tirnc tcr rorr.cr," to br rent
to the legislature who carries a stop
vatch ou expenditures."
TRANSPLANTING MAY BE
INJURIOUS TO FLOWERS
While many 11 overt may be safely
transplanted, there are other that,
because of their root growth, should
be left where their seed is sown.
Members of this latter group should
be kept in mind when planting seed
as veil as later, when moving plants.
The following annuals should not
be moved: California poppy, celosia, !
di1jscus (blue lace flower), lour!
v!,i, n,,ri hnnnnnnii .mnnc
the perennials, lathyrus (perennial
sweet pea) and orienta1 popp.v shouh'
not be transplanted.
The following popular flowers, on
the other hand, may be transplanted
i with little fear of damaging them:
Annuals ageratum, alyssuni, snap-
group will he stunted, though not
; seriously harmed, by transplanting.
! While both plant and flower will be
; smaller, earlier bloom will also re-
suit.
j Larkspur, zinnia, phlox, nastur
i tium and bachelor's button are i:i
I this classification.
WILL REMAIN NEUTRAL
ROME. May C (UP) Reliable
lazi sources revealed toniffin xnai
Italy and Germany had decided
against concluding alliance during
Adolf Hitler's current visit to Rome.
Mussolini, it was declared, will
preserve "free neutrality" toward a
settlement of the German minority
p m 1,1 Czechoslovakia, vnun
' Hitler is determined to achieve out
"peaceful means.'
Nazi sources said the essential
Poin,s ot the cussions between
""ler and Mussolini concerned
i Czechoslovakia and the ltauan-uer-I
man policy in Ppain.
A further two-hour
final confer
ence between the two leaders of the
Rome-Berlin axis was expected to-
morrow out it was precticiea mat me,
. ; understanding already reached would
HOI
be altered materially. Italian
during Italy's conquest of Ethiopia.
SPEND MONEY IS PRIMARIES
EAST CHANGE. S. J., May 6 (UP)
Postmaster General James A. Far
ley told an audience of 700 at a
testimonial dinner for Representative
Edward L. O'Neill last night that
"experts in such matters" had in
formed him that enemies of the ad
ministration already had spent $500,
000 in the congressional primaries
which are "now just under way."
He said that "in some of the re-
cent movements opposing measures of
the president there were hundreds of
thousands of telegrams sent to con
gressmen in an attempt to influence
their votes.
"You know and I know who paid
for those telegrams." he said. "In
the case of one stub propaganda cam
paign investigated by the senate it
developed that messages were filed in
batches of hundreds or more by a
single unidentified individual and
that names came out of city direc
tories or telephone books without the
knowledge of those whose signatures
were attached.
REPUBLICANS SEEK PLANS
DKS MOINES, la.. May " (UP)
Rules for a national republican party
program were being drawn up here
today at a conference of delegates
from Iowa. Nebraska. Missouri. Min-
j nesota. Kansas, aud North and South
I Dakota.
Y. J. Goodwin. Des Moines manu
facturer, is chairman of the republi
can party program committee for the
area embracing the seven states.
"We will organize committees to
assist Glenn Frank, head of the G.O.P.
policy committee in outlining a pro
gram of rules for the next repub
lican platform." be explained. First
speaker on the program will be Wil
liam S. Hard, republican political
commentator.
Your courtesy in phoning news
to Wo. 6 is appreciated.
British and French Ministers Confer
in Effort to Secure a Peaceful
Solution of Dispute.
Jiy REYNOLDS PACKARD
United Press Staff Correspondent
PRAGUE, Czech.. May 7 (UP)
British and French ministers to
Czechoslovakia were expected to con
fer with Foreign Minister Kmail
Krofta today in an effort to effect,
a peaceful settlement of the demands
of the German minority for a greatei
measure of self government.
It was understood thai the cabinet
at p. meeting yesterday aproved the
draft of a new minority statute and
this would be submitted to the envoys.
The government is ready to rush the
statute throurh parliament vt once
it was reported, if it offers a real
hope for solution.
The government also apmvci the
make-up cf a Czech economic dele
gation which will leave for Berlin
tomorrow for a conference which if
designed to review German-Czechoslovak
economic relations. This meet
ing1, ostensibly a routine one, may give
the first sign whether Germany is
preparing to exert economic pressure
against Czechoslovakia in an effort
to force sweeping concsssior.s to the
German minority.
Believing- that sveh pressure is cer
tain, the government already has
started a study of its position as re
gards foreign trade. Alternative
transportation routes arc! alternative
markets have been considered.
In these discussions the United
States plays a big part, Germany is
Czechoslovakia's best customer but
the United States conies next and
as regards actual cash, is the best
cutomer. Hence,
would look to the
the best field for
the government
United states as
increased exports
if the German markets were
closed!
j
to t.
The representations to be made to
day by the British and French en
voys were the result of the British
French conference at London.
There was a sudden revival ofi
minority German complaints of police
oppression. German news sources
published at Berlin reports of clashes
between police and minority Germans
here, at Falkenau, at Sar.z, and at
Asch. In each case it was asserted
that the rolice had been tne aggres
sors. As fast as the reports appeared
they were denied by government sour
ces here.
It was ar.nou
ced that the govern-
merit's ban on political meetings would
be lifted immediately.
i he ban was
decreed on March 31
ind became ef-
fective April 1.
Its lifting was interpreted as a con
cession to the Sudeten Germans, whe j
protested.
SECOND QUEST UNDERWAY
F0R OIL IN ALASKA
PAN FRANCISCO (UP). The
. The
full oil
steamer
North Wind, with a full oil
drilling equipment and
had been sent to drill a
in Alaska, has made
crew
wnicn
wildcat well
a successful
landing, three California oil com
panies that are backing the enter
prise have announced.
It will be the first attempt to strike
oil on the Alaska peninsula since
10 years ago when the same com
panies made a similar attempt. That
venture was unsuccessful.
The landing for the present enter
prise has been made southwest of
the volcanic "Valley of 10.000
Smok es."
The exploratory well will be start
ed about May 15 on the Bear-Creek -Salmon
Creek incline.
The Sua co. a former purse-seiner,
has arrived at Jute Bay from Seattle
and will serve as a tender for the
expedition. It is equipped with radio
to keep in touch with the Alaskan
outposts t)f civilization.
A modern radio-direction finder
also is carried due to heavy fogs
which settle close down along the
rocky Alaskan shore.
It is expected that the expedi
tion this time will be able to estab
lish definitely whether there are oil
possibilities on the Alaskan penin
sula. ROCK PUT BACK IN SOIL
I FISHKILL. N. Y. (UP) By grind-
ing slabs of rock from a stonewall
on his property, A. M. Polhemus.
Cedar Hill Road farmer, expects to
' fertilize his fields for spring plar.t
.' ing. The wall, erected by an early
settler, is made
! t ti c- nf udiii'h
of limestone, rpeci-
mens
V l U1V. II
test 9SVi per cent
pure.
Rubber Stamps, prompt tieliv-
erv. lowest dHces. All siies at the
y, low
'
Journal
office.
'iTSrf , t &::t 3 3sk
A s-? issSTv
v-Rs?! ; Jnf$ JTf y-zjr- - .
- ,- , , ,S 3W yess!'" -- ' f , Tvmm ' -U
'S- " ''f ? Ir"'1 jZrS " a
Hers is the colorful "Pacific House" to be erected at the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition,
on Treasure Island in San Francisco Bayv History, culture and customs of the nations of the Pacific will be
dramatized here. The building will rise on the edge of one of the picturesque lagoons on Treasure Island.
Salaries Show
Upward Trends,
Reports Show
TTod A nt ftTira1 Motor; Pornoration
Exception to the General Up
ward Move of Salaries.
WASHINGTON. May 7 U'P) Se-;
curities and exchange commission re-;
ports revealed today a sharp drop in 1
1937 salaries of William S. Knudseii.
General Motors corporation presi-.
dent, and other General Motors of
ficials. salary ngures were presemeu
in annual reports filed with the SEC
by the corporation. In most eases.;
aside from General Meters, the re-'
ports Hidicated an upward trend in j
corporate compensation. j
The General Motors report showed j
lhat Knudsen, v. ho v. as executive!
vice president part of 1Do7 received,
total remuneration of S140.3S0 com-:
pared with $"07.64"j in 1930. Charles.
f. Kettering, vice president, drew
$93,120 in 1937. a reduction of j
?2oS.C35 from 1936. Eoth
officials j
rcceived
but only
Under
a share of profits
salaries in 1937.
PEC regulations
in 1936;
i
corpor-
ations must include in their annual j
reoorts the names and salaries of the1
i thrpe highest paId ernployees.
Sonja Heme, Norwegian skating
star and film actress, received $210.-;
729 from Twentieth Century-Fox
Film corporation. The only other
movie performer who rated among
the top salary reported so far was
Warner P.axter, another Twentieth
jcentury - Fox star who received $225.-
'9C1 compared with $2S4.3S4.
General Hugh Johnson, first adniin-
; iKf , nf th vn anrl now a news-
,., mlnmnist. was in the SECs
paper
hij;h
salary list in the roll of labor
advhor to the Radio Corporation of
America. The report disclosed that
ho received $ 40,000 in fees in that
capacity.
RELIEF COST HIGH
WASHINGTON. May 7 (UP)
WPA Administrator Harry L. Hop
kins told a house subcommittee that
federal relief will cost about S3.000.
000. 000 for the fiscal year 1939 with
relief rolls of about 3.100,000 per
sons next winter it was revealed to
day. Relief rolls now list about 2.C00,
(oo persons. Hopkins said. An in
crease to 3.100.000 would exceed the
previous WPA peak of 3. 030,000 on
February 29, 1936.
Hopkins gave his testimony before
the house appropriations deficiency
subcommittee during hearings on
President Roosevelt's relief recovery
bill, in which $1,250,000,000 was
requested for the WPA for the first
seven months of fiscal 1939.
NAMED AS DIRECTOR
OMAHA. May . (opeciau i arr
(Special)
Young of Nehawka. Neb., extensive , JIrs Cox as'Ked 10,000 in damages
Cass county livestock feeder, has been and costs alleging that neglicrce of
elected a director of the South Omaha (h(? state highway department in fail
Production Credit association, to fill j inff to ropa;r a washout in highway
the vacancy created by the resig-j lg3 C2U?od thc;r car to ups3t 2q miies
nation of Francis 11. iianson ot ue
catur.
Mr. Young will serve until the
1939 annual meeting of the associa
tion's stockholders. j
Oreanized four years ago, the ;
South Omaha unsocial ion is a
operative credit or
anization supply -
iug funds for livestock and farming;
operations. li; territory includes
Kurt. Dodre. Wailiingi'jn.
-auiidrr:
i - -
Douglas. Sarny aud Cats counties,
DENIES LIQUOR LICENSE
LINCOLN, May C (UP) The,
I state liquor commission today de-j
! nied a package liquor license sought i
ci,;
Mrs. Laura F. Long of Nebraska
j t hairman J. A. ;.jcLachen said a
license was refused Mrs. Long be-
cause her husband, her co-partner in
a drug store was ineligible! ecause
his license was revoked last year.
MeEachen said the law contem
plated that both partners must be
eligible for a license. Mrs. Long was
represented at the hearing by Attor
ney Lloyd E. Peterson. Rev. Ralph
C. Xelst-n of Nebraska City appeared
as an objector. Character witnesses
for Mrs. Long arc George O. Meyer.
John M.Carthy and John C. Miller.
'Streamlined'
Farms are to be
Shown in State
Eenefit of Soil Erosion Control in
Conservation Program to Be
i
i
Demonstrated.
LINCOLN. May (J ( UP t "Stream-
line farms will be featured at numer-'
ous farm tours to be held in Nebraska!
this vear. On soil conservation ser-!
j vice 'demonstration erosion control '
; aseas alone there are l.:'.'"0 farms, j
New style farms have been brought i
about by changes made to conserve
soil and moisture. These changes in
clude a shift from straight rows to
contour rows that run across slopes
raher than up and down them, re
placements of straight fences and
I farm roads with roads
j that cross farms on the
level, ir.tro-
j duction of the practice of growing)
crntmir ;t:irc: n ni 1 -h nl H i n o- rmns. in I
" " - "-
! alternation with strips of clean-tilled
row crops,
and the cons'. ruction
terraces. ;
On pasture; lard a streamlined cf-!
feet has been obtained on many forms!
by the plowing of contour pasture j
furrows to hold moisture. There arc
750 miles of such furrows on dem
onstration erosion control farms in
the state.
Areas where erosion control ir.eth
being demonstrated " are lo -
ods are
cated at Albion. Beatrice. Blair. Col
umbus, David Citv, Denton, Hebron
Ilunboldt, Madison, Pawnee City
Ralston, Ravenna, Syracuse and
Weeping water.
LAW UNCONSTITUTIONAL
LINCOLN. May G (UP) A 1037
legislative act giving Mre. Earl Cox
of North P'alte and others the right
to sue the state for injuries received
in p highway accident was declared
jUnco"; .titutional by the Nebraska
supreme court today.
By provisions of legislative bill
number 20. Mr. and Mrs. Cox and
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Bailey were
j ,rivcn permission to sue the state
south of North Tlatte in December
1930.
In sustaining a lower court dis
missal of the case, the supreme court
held the legislative act constituted
I special legislation in vioiaiion oi int
i ron?' if rtinn 1 :n - 1 v r ipnnr?l
law
! . , , . , ..
i cm: d havp hr-pn madp aiMi:icah n
I Whether your printing job Is)
i iiruc u r s nil . i n ihusi j vu .
large or small, it will recelva our,
prompt attention. Call No. C.
Chinese Guer
rillas Attack in
Many Points
j
Threst to Cut Off Railroad Between '
leiping and Tientsin. Most
Important to Japanese. j
'
i SHANGHAI, May 7 (UP) Chin
I cse p-uernlias, ther numbers running
j into the hundreds of thousands.
i tacked Japanese throughout central
ard northern China today with weap-
ons ranging from midieval big swords
, and spears to the submachine guns
of todays.
j Gurrilias operating with the famous
I 8th rente army under General Chu
i Teh "red Napoleon" the one-time com-
! munist army attacked Japanese on
j three sides of Pieping.
j They threatened to cut off the rail
j road between Pieping and Tientsin,
near the coast perhaps the most im
I portant road, to the Japanese in all
China,
i In Shansi
province in western
China, guerrilas took the offensive
over an area of hundreds cf miles and
threatned to wipe out Japanese gar
risons heavily outnumbered and iso-
Is ted from their bases at a dozen
points.
Other forces ripped up railroad
tracks to prevent the Japanese from
sending reinforcements by railroad
to retake the big areas thev had lost.
It was even reported, though this
was not -confirmed that Chinese guer-
rilas penitrated into Nanking, cap
ital of the Japanese sponsored "pro
visional government for central
' : ' 1 r u . 1 : . - 7
carrison f.ir two hours Lefoi-e
tiring to posts outside the city.
re-
. --r- . -t n..,r. -im-vrT"Tr
! XS U.A WUAAA int
CHICAGO, Mav i (UP) Phil K.
Wrigley. millionaire owner of the
Chicago Cubs, who paid ?1?.V0C
ana tratica tnrce piayers to me si. Stores are
jouis Cardinals for Dizzy Dean, said j thre0 ties a
today he still believes it was a good i are weeks
pamble. j from Sydney.
He returned from California last j Nevcrthless
night to find Chicago fans upset byij, ma(jc with
'a Ending of t!ie Cubs phy.ician that
Dean's pitching
s nu
needs a month's i
rest. Dean has pitched oniv one
full
game since he joined the Cuds last
month. His trouble has bucn caused
by a muscle inflamation r.?ar the
right shoulder
Wrigley said he had not considered
only Dean's pitching ability when he
bought him.
"A plaver of Dean's type b an ar
set to any team," Wrigiev said. "He
has spirit. The money he cost does
not enter into it.
We knew a let about him Vie for?
we bought him. J knew it was a
gamble ar.d thought it was a good
one. I still trir.k it is."
He said that if he had been forced
to trade second baseman Billy Her
man or catcher Gabby Harnett to
get Dean it might have been a dif
ferent matter
"But I'd rather have Dean with a
sore arm than I wou'.d Curt Davis,"
he said
DAVE RUBIN0FF ILL
BATTLE CREEK, Mich. May "
, UP) Dave Rubinoff, the violonist,
'was reported in serious condition here
today when peritonitis developed fol
lowing an emergency operation for
appendicitis. Rubinoff was rushed
to the Battle Creek tanitarium for
liie operation yesterday
; Feels That Filling Vacancy of Lieu
tenant Governor Would Not
Bar Him From Race.
LIN'COLX. .May 7 (UP) -Speaker
j Charles J. Warner of the unicam
eral legislature announced last nieht
I he has decided his candidacy as r
republican candidate for governor
will net be affected if he performs
I such duties of the lieutenant governor
. iis signing wari'ants and records.
I Attorney General Richard C. Hunt
j er, in an opinion last week, ru'jd that
j the speaker should take over these
j duties inasmuch as the attorney gen-
eral's office has held that the office
j of lieutenant governor has been vac
i ant since March 7 when Lieut. Gov.
j Walter I!. Jurgcnsen was convicted
' of embezzlement.
j Warner hesitated, however, until ho
COUid
determine for himself whether
the assumption of the lieutenant gov
ernor's duties would make him lieut
:.r,t governor and thus bar Inni, under
the constitution, from running for
governor. .
'"If the governor is absent from the
state and the office of lieutant gov
ernor is vacant, the speaker will b
called upon to perform some duties
in the office of governor," Warner
said.
"In li'.:e manner pcrformirg duties
normally performed by the lieutant
governor does net make the speakev
licutenanant governor. The attorney
general holds that the constitution of
the ftate docs not provide for a sue-
fnpc'r.n n iff ion v "f 1 im in'in tpit
ernor, and that office remain; vacant.
No other question
sjcms to be in-
at-!Volved."
I Warner's decision will enable per-
i ir.anent legislative employes J re-
' ceive April salary checks aggrcgat'ng
j $000, which have been helu up pend-
Warner's signature
j
I 2RIDE MISTRESS OF VAST RANCH
SYDNEY (U P) Miss Maxinc
Darrow, in nam ing "Bill" McDon
ald married into a family which has
the LigL-est ranch in Australia owned
by oe person
Under the countryside sounding
name of Fossil Downs, it covers 1.
064.000 acres and is situated in that
western part of Australia that is so
far west that is known as the "Back
o' Beyond"
The rise of Fossil Downs into its
; present immensity has an interesting
5tcry behind it. In 188.1, two uncles of
"Bill" McDonald started out from
Goulbourn with 1,000 head of cattle
an(j 300 horses. They spent three
J years going westward until they found
j what they considered the best pastoral
country ort the continent.
They settled down ana their ranch
grew and their herds grew until when
it was finally left to the present own
er is was the largest cattle station
controlled by one man in Australia.
An entire native tribe is row work
ing on the station and two adjoining
properties.
b very one of the l,noi),(i't() anu more
acrcs has a knowledge of first aid. as
I there is no doctor or der.tist nearer
i t-lan utrDy, 230 miles awav.
received
year and
old when
from Perth
newspapers
thev arrive
the homestead house
ventilating- pipes run
throUffh the concrete bricks and U
e-.uipped with elcctr:c lighting and
! refrigeration, while outside a swim
! ming pool and golf course arc undei
; construction.
MAY RUN FOR CHIEF JUSTICE
LINCOLN. May 6 (UP) C. A.
Sorensen. Lincoln attorney, said to
day he is giving "serious eonsider
aiion" to filing as a candidate for
chief justice of the Nebraska supremo
court and may have a statement to
make soon.
Reports have been current here
for some time that Korensen, former
rtlorney general virtually has decided
to enter the race. District Judges
K. II. Chappell of Lincoln and Jcr
V. Ycager of Omaha have filed for
this pest.
FALL VICTIM "FAIR'
OMAHA. May 6 (UP) George
iMalnick, 27. a window washer fell
from a third story window to a sec
ond floor landing yesterday, but de
Fpite a severe leg laceration his con
dition was "fair" at a hospital this
morning
In his tumble, Malnick hit
a window ledge. A passerny applied
a crude tourniquet to Malnick's le
v our.d after the accident.
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