Nebraska Newspapers

    si
KO. 3
VOL. NO. IH
PLATTSMOUTH, NEERASXA, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1936.
WPA and RRA
Records Lost in
Nebr. City Fire
Offices cf Kike Kerns, WPA Employ
ment and Jean Spangler, Rural
Rehabilitation, Fire Swept.
In the complete destruction of the
Marcus hotel at Nebraska City, early j
Wednesday morning, there was swept
away records of many of federal and
county work and relief offices.
The offices were located in the sec
tion ol the building where the fire
originated and it was impossible to
save anything of the materials or
records that were stored there. The
gutting of the Cre will make neces
sary for all of the various activities
and their employes to start from the
bc-ginnlng in compiling new records
and getting lined up on the work.
The WPA office had dispatched the
payrolls for the week of February 9
to Lincoln last Sunday and this es
caped the destruction of the fire. All
other records that cover the 250 men
in Otce and 100 in Cass county are
destroyed. Mike Kerns, supervisor
vi the district, is preparing to start
in to again compile his records on
the piojeets and the men employed.
Jean Srr.sler, of this city, in
charge of tliD rural rehabilitation of
fice, also is ofiiceless and also with
the office has gone his records, cover-j
ing li.any months of hard work and
investigation: and to replace w hich jhome.
will iaI:o much time. j The Plattsmouth fire department
All cf the Otoe county relief ac-! responded to do what was poesible,
tivities records and materials, in-jbut the flames had gained such head
eliding the product of the sewing iay that It was impossible to save the
center and all of its new supplies
were lost.
Wall board partitions had been
used in making the various offices
and these btirned like paper in the
force of the fire and made the saving
of anything from the offices impos
cible. INSTALL OFFICERS
The Woodmen Circle held its reg
ular monthly meeting Tuesday after
noon at the home of the secretary.
Marie E. Kaufmann. Despite the
wintry weather a pleasing group of'
TTieJ
momLeis were in attendance
officers installed for the ensuing year
are as follows:
Mrs. Max Fitzmayer, guardian;
Mrs. Itozina Ripple, advisor; Mrs. Ida
Cotner. chaplain: Mrs. Mary Hart-
wick, banker; Marie E. Kaufmann,
secretary; Mrs. Elizabeth Buttery .at
tendant; Mrs. Lizzie Kelloy, inner
i-entinel; Marie E. Kaufmann, junior
supervisor; Mrs. Mary Kruger, Mr3.
Mary Mumm, Mrs. Ernestine Jahrig,
managers.
The members were all so proud to
have with them Mrs. Lizzie Kelley,
past 7G years cf age. She is the oldest
member in years as well a3 member
ship. Alter the close of the meeting
dainty refreshments were served by
the hostess. The next meeting, hid
the second Tuesday afternoon in
March, will be at the home of Mrs.
Ida Cotner, 623 South Cth street.
HORSES ABE POPULAR
With the heavy snow and almost
impassable roads in this section, the
horse, discarded in favor of the auto,
has come back into his own. Farm-
trs who have been able to break a
road from their farms to this city,
are largelj- traveling via team and
sled and a few with wagons where
th? snow i.s le3s heavily drifted. Even
with the teams and sleds it is neces
sary in a large number of cases to
cut through fields where sections of
the road are buried so deep that
travel is out of the question.
Several were in from Just west of
the city and taking the Cedar Creek
road in were compelled a large paxL
of the time to follow the fields as a
road rather than the snowy road.
DRAWS DOWN FINE
Wednesday afternoon in the court
of Judge Charles L. Graves, Harry
Newman was arraigned on the charge
of having disturbed the peace at one
of the local taverns against the peace
and dignity of the people of the state
of Nebraska. The defendant entered
a plea of guilty to the charge and
was given a fine of $10 and costs. The
fientence of the court was that this
should be worked out on the streets.
SPEAKS AT WAHOO
From Thursdaj-'B Daily
K. Foster Patterson, cf the his
tory department of Tarkio college,
Tarkio, Missouri, was in the city to
day, en route home from Wahoo, Ne
braska. Mr. Patterson was the speak
er last evening at Wahoo at the Am
erican Legion banquet to mark Lin
coln's birthday. Mr. Patterson took
as his subject, the life of the great
j civil war president and gave a fine
land instructive review of the life and
time cf Lincoln and his impress on
the American nation today.
Country Home
Burns to Ground
Thisjlorning
Residence North, of City Occupied by
Charles Tassler Family Burns
Overheated Chimney.
From Thursday' DalJy
Fire this morning at 10 o'clock
burned to the ground the residence
occupied by the Charles Tassler fam
ily, two miles north of the city near
highway No. 75.
The Cre was discovered by Ray
Misner, manager of the Lincoln Tele
phone &. Telegraph Co., who was
passing on the highway at the time,
who ruBhed to the house and sounded
the alarm. The fire was spreading
rapidly, hut it was possible to get the
greater part of the furniture from the
building, which was burned to the
ground.
The house was what Is known as
the Monte Streight residence, the
owner now living at Oakland, Cali
fornia. The cause of the fire apparently
was that of an overheated chimney
as the first traces of the fire seen
were on the roof near the chimney.
DIES AT WASHINGTON
Judge W. C. Parriott, for many
years a prominent attorney of Au
burn and Lincoln, died suddenly
Thursday at Washington, where he
has been serving in the federal hous
ing administration under the Roose
velt administration.
The deceased was a brother of
Mrs. W. II. Rainey and Grover Par-
Jriott of this city and was known to
a large circle of friends in southeast
ern Nebraska. Mr. Parriott was born
at Auburn, June 13, 1870, son of
William and Margaret Parriott and
lived his earlier years in j.emaha
county. He was married to Bessie
Tynon of Stella, who with one son,
Tyncn Parriott, of Kansas City, sur-;leF3
vive his passing. The deceased was
one of a family of nine children, two
urotners, t-awara ana josepn navejto be about 20. Needy persons over
preceded him in death. The surviving
brothers and sisters are Frank, Peru;
Lee, Denver; John, Dawson, Grover,
Plattsmouth; Mrs. W. H. Rainey,
Plattsmouth and Mrs. C. T. Edwards,
Elmwood.
HAVE FINE MEETING
The Westminster Guild of the
Presbyterian church held a nleasant
meeting at the home of Mrs. Louis
Lohnes on Tuesday evening.
The lesson was under the leader
ship of Mrs. Lohnes and was entitled
"Clouds of Promise in Africa." '
Devotions were most Inspirational
as given by Mrs. Bertha Shopp. A
fine article "The Upper Meaning,"
was the worship theme.
A short business session ensued.
Various suggestions of interest to
the organization were made.
A pleasant social period was en
joyed. The serving' of delicious re
freshments by Miss Susie Simonton
brought the evening to a close.
At the next meeting the election
of officers will be held. The place
of meeting to be announced later.
ENLISTS EN NAVY
Ira Earl Harris, son of Mr. Robert
W. Karris of 932 Cass street, Platts
mouth, was one of nine young men
enlisted in the United States Navy at
the Navy Recruiting Station, Omaha,
on February 13th. He was immed-
lately transferred to the Naval Train-
iner Station. San Dieeo. California.
for recruit training.
Platters will
Compete in Fre
mont Tourneys
local Quintet With Nebraska City!?
to Take Part in Jfev: District
Basketball Meet. C
With no class A basketball tour-'
ney Ftheduled for the southeastern !
district of Nebraska, the teams in
this section of the state are being I
assigned to meets which will be most
convenient in distance and classifica
tion for the respective schools.
i
Plattsmouth high, which has com
peted in the southeastern district lor
many years, will this year go to Fre--
from thi3 section of tfce etate.
Other teams that have been assign
ed to the Fremont meet are Ashland,
Blair, Columbus. David City, Fre
mont, Schuyler, Wahoo.
Plattsmouth has won from Ne
braska City and Ashland and have
yet to meet Blair and Wahoo in their
closing games of the season at this
place.
There are seventy-seven teams in
the class A assignments and 179 in
class B to play at the various points
over the state. The district meet is
from March 4 to March 7 inclusive
and the state tournamenat Lincoln,!
March 11 to 14.
Auburn, Falls City, Pawnee City,
and Tecumsth. of
the southeastern'
conference will
eniei iu x,eawc.
tourney, where they
ill ti nd Crete, i
Fairbury and Beatrice as tough con
tenders.
ESTIMATES OLD AGE NEED
Director Tolen or the state assist
ance committee said the demand for
old age assistance blanks has been
so great that the original order of
25 thousand is about exhausted and
he has ordered another 10 thousand
printed. Douglas county has sent in
an estimate for a prospective 3,450
persons eligible to old age assistance.
At an average fo $18 per month the
county estimates it will need $63,
920. Pierce county estimates G7 per
sons at $22.30 a month and asks for
$1,541. Cuming county asked for
$1,950 to give 122 persons $15 a
month.
Tolen said Omaha civic organiz
ations are co-operating to speed cer
tification there in the hope at least
2,000 aged needy can be taken off
relief rolls immediately.
Tolen said he has received many
letters from aged people who do not
seem to understand that the assis
tance or pension as some call it is
only for aged persons in need. It is
important he said that people know
they cannot qualify for payments un
they can prove they need help
The maxiinum pension is $30 a
montu but the average is expected
65 are eligible. Persons having an
income of more than $360 a year are
barred from old age assistance. Ap
plications after being passed upon
by county committees are forwarded
to the state committee for approval
and must lie there ten days pending
the filing of an appeal from the coun
ty board's decision. Tolen said this
waiting period would not slow down
"leaae of funds because ten da's time
win be needed lor checking county
board findings.
ITFTY FILE APPLICATIONS
Paul Vandervoort, county assis
tance director, has signed up and
completed fifty applications under the
new old age pension law, all of the
applicants being from this city and
immediate vicinity. The bad weather
conditions has prevented the director
from visiting other sections of the
county as planned, but as soon aa
travel is possible he will announce
the dates that he will be at the dif
ferent towns to take applications.
HAS BONE OPERATION
Mrs. Mathilde Ramsel, who is at
the Nicholas Senn hospital at Om
aha, recovering from the effects of a
broken ankle, underwent a small
operation this week. Several portions
of bone were removed from the ankle
and a silver plate inserted and which
it is hoped will facilitate the heal
ing and permit her more rapid use
of the ankle.
t -k-h-h-: : :"Kxjpjjnenil of
iv FOUND IT TOUGH GOING "
Like others who have to
travel the roads over the
county, the country corres
pondent or the journal was
handicapped by roads being
blocked, and was unable to
make on date all the towns
which had been allotted to
him, and was able to get over
but a portion of his terri
tory. Not being able to get
to Elniv.ood on the accus
tomed date which has been
his practice, was In town last
Saturday with the hope that
he might make ; Wabash.
Murdock and Mauley, but
found the reads north of
Elmwood impassable and
pelled to return via
the "O" street road, to we are
not able to have news from
Wabash. Murdock and Man
ley in this issue.
.j.
Assistance Direc
tor to Pay Visit
to Greenwood';
Paul Vandervoort to Make Visit to
Wes': Casn County Tovn Feb
ruarv 20th and. 21st.
Applicants for c!d age assistance
jiiving in Greenwood or virinity may;
I go to the office of Dr. N. D. Talcotl. ;
or. Thursday and Friday, February
120 and 21, when Paul Vaudervooi i, :
county assistance- director, vi!l be i
jm.es,.Et to take applications, having
. ,i n...-.-. o-oTnnM a
jfice space there.
As fast as office space can be ar-J
ranged for in other towns in the
county, the director will go to other
towns and villages to take applica
tions. The director is now in cor
respondence with persons living in
each town. In the effort to line op
a temporary office.
Due to the great volume of work
required, it will be some time before
every applicant in the county can
be registered, and the necessary' office
work and investigation after appli
cations are received may result in
some delay in arrival of checks to
those granted assistance.
For this reason applicants who
have not yet had opportunity to reg
ister, or who have registered and
are awaiting action on their appli
cations, are asked to be as patient
as possible. Cass county's assistance
committee is acquainted with the
needs of these aged persons, and are
working hard to get the money to ac
cepted applicants as soon as possible.
SCHOOL BONDS CARRY
County Superintendent Miss Alpha
C. Peterson has received the noti
fication from E. H. Armstrong, pres
ident of the board of education of
school district No. 3G. informing her
the result of the bond election.
This district comprises the village
of Greenwood and the question sub
mitted was that of voting for the
issuance of bonds in the sum of
$7,500 for the purpose of addition
and improvement of the school build
ing in Greenwood. The bonds carried
by 138 for and 31 against.
The bonds are to raise the sum re
quired to meet the requirements of
the government PWA under which
the improvement to the building will
be carried out, the government sup
plying the grant of forty-five percent
of the total amount.
ATTEND SAFETY MEETING
From Thursday's Daily
Sheriff Homer Sylvester and De
puty Sheriff Cass Sylvester, were at
Lincoln today where they were called
to attend the meeting of the various
officers of the state. The meeting
is called by Governor Roy Cochran to
discuss the campaign for safety on
the highways of the state and repre
sentatives from all sections are in
vited to attend the meeting and take
part in the discussions. There will be
an address by the governor and oth
ers interested In the highway safety
meeting.
VISIT IN THE CITY
Mr. and Mrs. Glen "Woodbury andltion on Tuesday, April 7th. There
daughter, of Nebraska City, were; will be two elected at the epring
here Wednesday to spend a short
time as guests at the home of Mr.
and Mrs. Theodore Ptak, old time
friends.
Mrs. Stoner is
Held Thursday
z I Number oi Old Friends From Omaha
and Glenwood Here for Services
a: Sattler Funeral. Home.
-j The funeral of Mrs. Eelle Stoner
Viwas held Thursday afternoon at the
fi Sattler funeral home where a large
Ji. 1 number cf the old friends of many
-.'years standing had gathered to pay
i! their last tribute's of esteem. There
jV.a3 a large number of friends and
associates present ironi Glenwood.
where Mrs. Stoner had re-sided for
'the past few rears.
J j Dr. H. G. McClusky, pastor of the
First Presbyterian church, had charge
of the sarvice and in his short ser
mon brought much comfort from the
teachings of the scriptures and the
promise cf the lite to come when
earth's burdens are laid aside.
Frank A. Clcidt gave "In the Gar-
and Mrs. E. H. Wescott, "No
ight There." during the services to
jadd to the beauty of the last rites.
Mrs. J. M. Roberts was the accom-
jpanist for both numbers.
j Following the service the cortege
proceeded to Oak Hill cemetery where
the interment was held. The road to
the cemetery was opened Thursday
t,v the efi'orts of a large group of the
WPA workers and made possible the
cortege to reach there.
The pall bearers were W
C. Soen-
nichson.
B. A. Rosenerans,
E. A.
v i t.
P. Busch, E. II. Schulhof
and Frank Smith.
All of the members of the family
were here for the service, the eldest
daughter, Mrs. Edith Romero, ar
riving Thursday morning from her
home at Long Eeach.
Those here from Glenwood k were
Mrs.' G-crtrude Gamblin, Mrs. Ethel
Morrow, Mrs. Anna Carlson. Mrs.
McKown, Mrs. Ethel Shook, Mr.
Webb. The Omaha friends who were
here were Joseph Manacek, James
Manacek, Mrs. Mary Manacek, Mrs.
Anna Smith, Mrs. Mary Walthers,
Mrs. Maude Hansen, William Reinch.
OLD AGE ASSISTANCE
Three more counties filed requests
for old age pensions funds with the
state assistance committee and Sher
man county's proposed average
monthly pension, $12.30, became the
lowest suggested by any county to
date, altho more than a dozen have
made known their plans.
Sherman county proposes to pay
200 old age pensions. It asks a total
of $2,536 monthly to pay the pen
sions and take care of administrative
costs. Dundy county listed 40 pen
sions, averaging $15 monthly and
asked $61S. Platte county proposes
t3 pay 350 pensions, averaging $16. S3
'monthly, and asked for $C,033.
The state committee has received
from Furnas county three completed
applications for old age assistance,
from Adams county three and from
Fillmroe county six. Sioux county
has asked the state committee for
$900 state relief funds.
VALENTINE PARTY
Some of the eighth grade girls
gathered at the home of Mr. and Mrs.
Dewey Reed Thursday night as guests
of their daughter, Aileen. Valentines
were exchanged and games played.
Some played ping pong and some
danced. At a suitable hour refresh
ments were served, assisted by Rachel
Wright and Aileen Reed.
Those present were Dorothy Will,
Wilma Sv.atek, Rachel Wright, Shir
ley Petersen, Phyllis Redd, Corrine
Drucker, Helene Parker, Helen Hiatt,
Charlotte Cotner. Jean Qurnette.
Shirley Mason, Maxine Graves, Geor
gia Carey, Aileen, Betty Fae, Mary
Ellen and Florence Reed.
SCHOOL CAUCUS
The call has been Issued for the
annual caucus of the voters of school
district No. 1, Cass county, which
will be held at the high school audi
torium on Thursday evening, Febru
ary 20th. This caucus will select four
candidates to be voted on at the elec-
election.
The retiring members of the board
of education are Dr. P. T. Heineman
and R. W. Knorr.
RECEIVES PLEASANT NEWS
The members of the Cole family
here have received the announcement
of the birth of a fine six and a half
pound son to Mr. and Mrs. Carl R.
Cole, Brule, Nebraska. The little one
was born at the hospital at Ogallala,
Nebraska, on February 9th, and with
the mother is reported as doing nice
ly. Mr. Cole is a former resident
here, a son of Mrs. S. O. Cole of
near this city, and the many friends
here will be pleased to learn of the
new arrival , the first hois in the
family.
Masons Receive
Fifty Year
at Masonic Home
Three Honored in Ceremony of Pre
sentation by W. A. Robertson,
Grand Senior Warden.
Friday at the Nturaska Masonic
Home, three of the residents were
presented with the medal commemor
ating their half century of member
ship in the fraternity o Masonry.
The presentation v as made by Wil
liam A. Robertson, grand senior war
den, of the A. F. &. A. M. of Nebraska,
as a part of the program. Frank A.
Cloidt and Raymond C. Cook each
gave a vocal solo and a duet.
Mr. Robertson very impressively
presented the medals to Brute E.
Jolls, Ashlar lodge. No. 30. A. F. &
A. M., Grand Island; Stewart W. Lee,
Rawalt lodge, No. 135, A. F. & A.
M., Oxford and William J. Sears,
Creighton lodge No. 100, A. F. & A.
M. of Creighton.
The Masonic Home has a large
number of members who have re
ceived the fifty year medal and one,
Albert E. Baker, Oliver lodge No. 38,
A. F. & A. M. Seward, who also has
the distinction of possessing the Jor
dan gold medal, given to the longest
time Mason in the state. Mr. Baker,
who is now in his ninety-third year,
has been a member of the Masonic
order for seventy years.
Other members of the Home who
have the fifty year medal are as fol
lows: Philip Sauter, St. Johns lodge, No.
25. A. F. & A. M. Omaha; John F.
Twamley, St. Johns lodge No. 25.
A. F. & A. M., Omaha; Charles B.
Page, Mt. Moriah lodge No. 57, A. F.
& A. M., Syracuse; Nathaniel Suth
erland, Tecumseh lodge No. 17, A. F.
& A. M., Tecumseh; Charles Slattery.
Lincoln lodge No. 19. A. F. & A. M..
Lincoln; Chalkley J. Cooper, DeWitt
lodge No. Ill, A. F. & A. M. DeWitt;
John W. Farrand, Eminence lodge No.
223, A. F. & A. M., Gilmer; Charles
M. Headrick. Tecumseh lodse No. 17.
A. F. & A. M.. Tecumseh; Murry K.;studieB
Holley, Unity lodge No. 163, A. F. &
A. M. Greenwood; George Rhoden,
Plattsmouth lodge No. 6, A. F. &
A. M., Plattsmouth; Edgar M. Jen
kins, Alexandria lodge No. 74, A. F.
& A. M., Alexandria; Louis J. Tay
lor, Frank Welch lodge No. 75, A. F.
& A. H., Sidney.
ENTERTAINS AT LUNCHEON
Mrs. John P. Sattler, Jr., was hos
tess at a most charming Valentine
day 1 o'clock bridge luncheon Fri
day afternoon, at her home in the
south part of the city. The table
was arranged in the form of a large
heart and the decorations were in
keeping with Valentine day, forming
ja very attractive setting for the
pleasant afternoon that followed. The
ladles enjoyed bridge and in which
'.Mrs. William Schmidtmann. Jr., was
.winner of the high score. Those who
enjojed the afternoon were Mrs. Carl
tKell, Mrs. Carl Ofe, Mrs. Hilt Mar
tin, Mrs. Carl Schneider, Mrs. L. t..
McKissick, Mrs. L. S. Devoe, Mrs.
L. S. Pucelik, Mrs. William Schmidt
mann, Jr., Mrs. R. Fester Tatterson,
Tarkio, Mo., guest of honor, and the
hostess, Mrs. Sattler.
FIGHT SNOW TO AID SICK
Residents cf the vicinity of the
Joseph Bierl home have been bat
tling the snow to open the roadway
to the Bierl farm to permit the pass
ing of an ambulance, Mrs. Bierl being
ill and ordered to the hospital for
treatment. The road has been clear
ed with the exception of one mile
of very bad road and which it is
hoped to have open and permitting
the removal of Mrs. Bierl.
Grace Louise
Wiles to Represent
P.FLS. in Contest
Will Be Entered in Ruth Eryan Owen
Good Citizenship Contest. Spon
sored by the D. A. R.
At the meeting of rvjntenelle chap
ter D. A. R. Tuesday evening there
was presented the names of the thre
girls in the senior clasR of Platts
mouth high school, who v. ere pelt ti
ed by the vote of the clans to rep
iesent all the requirements oi the
Ruth Bryan Owen Good Citizenship
Pigriinage Contest. The three wtoce
names were selected Ly majority
vote were Grace Louise Wilee, 1st;
Kathryn Armstrong, 2nd and Via
Palmer, 3rd.
The members of the I). A. R. com
mittee dtcideu to accept the defi.uon
of the class and therefore selected
Miss Grate Louise Wiles to attend
the state conference of the society
held in Grand Island, March IS, 19,
20. under the supervision of the re
gent, Mrs. Frank W. Baker.
The winner at the state confer
ence i3 entitled to a trip to Washing
ton, I). C, accompanied by the tat.'
regent or other delegate to the na
tional meeting of the D. A. It. known
as the Continental Congress, which
formally ipens April 20th.
The National Society Daughters of
the American Revolution will bear
expenses of transportation from the
home city to the winner direct to
Washington, D. C, and return; ex
penses of hotel rooms, meals, and
transportation on the selected s'.kM-
seoing tours planned, for the number
of days Fpecihcally named in the piaa
as offered by the D. A. It. The win
ner will also be formally presinuJ
to the audience cf aLout four thou
sand members. U. S. senators and rep
resentatives from all the states, and
other distinguished guests assembled
in the I). A. R. Auditorium for the
opening session of the Continental
Congress, anJ presented with u D. A.
R. Good Citizenship medal.
The girls voted on by the cl;ns
were selected "ith the following
qualifications as a basis:
1. Dependability, punctuality,
truthfulness, loyalty and nelf-control.
2. Service, cooperation, courtesy,
and respect for proper authority and
the rights of others.
3. Leadership, imagination, com
mand of good will and respect of oth
ers, and ability to lead.
4. Patriotism: interest and pride
in family, school, community and na
tion. Willingness to sacrifice self for
them. Willingness to take the Oath
of Allegiance to the United States
of America.
5. It is understood that the candi
date must make creditable grades in
Thi3 will be a wonderful oppor
tunity for some Nebraska girl to see
our national capital and get a first
hand view of the operation of our na
tional government. We sincerely
hope that it may be the good fortune
of Grace Louise to win the honor of
representating our state.
ATTEND OMAHA MEETING
Judge and Mrs. A. H. Duxbury and
Mr. and Mrs. Ralph H. Anderson of
this city, were at Omaha Thunday
evening to attend the meeting ad
dressed by Dr. Kagawa, noted Jap
anese Christian leader. The mc tir.g
was at the Paramount theatre which
was crowded to it? capacity. The
speaker, one of thtfN great Chri tian
workers of the world, gave a fir.e
address and which was very instruc-
itive and insrirptional to the aud
ience.
RETURNING FROM HOSPITAL
Mrs. Robert Gray, who has been at
ithe Irr.manuel hospital at Omaha, re
cuperating from an operation for ap
ipendicitis. has eo far recovered that
rhe is able to return home. If the
weather and road conditions improve
it is hoepd to have her brought home
this afternoon.
MOVE TO NEW LOCATION
Tho V F Wnrrpn fnmilv. mho have
been residing in a houHe on west Vine
street, are moving to the R. U. Hayes
property on South Fifth street. The
new home is located on Park Hill
and much more convenient for all of
the family as it is nearer the busi
ness section.