MONDAY, APRIL 23, 1934.
PLATT5MOTJTH SEMI - WEEKLY JOURNAL
PAGE THREE
r
History of
Arbor Day in
United States
J. Sterling Morton, Nebraska Pioneer,
Leader in Movement for Forest
ation of Plains Country.
Read before tiie Woniar.'s club by
Miss Jessie Robertson:
Tree-planting festivals are prob
ably as old as civilization. Sacred
trees and groves, planted avenues and
roadsides, shaded academic walks and
memorial trees were common during
the early Roman times. But Arbor
Day, as we know it, is purely Araer-ican-Nebraskan
in origin and grew
out of conditions peculiar to the
Great Plains of the west, a country
practically treeless over much of its
area, but with a soil and climate well
abe to nourish tree growth.
The first man to call attention in
this country in an impressive way
to the value and need of forests, their
influence on climate and rainfall, the
necessity for their culture and
growth, was the late George 1.
Marsh, of Vermont, for many years
our representative at the courts ofj
Italy and Turkey. In Europe he
found the forests regarded as the
most valuable crop which the ground
can produce and every effort made to
stimulate their growth to the ut
most, in some countries it was a law
of the land that every tree cut down j
must be replaced, regardless of who
va3 the owner. In 18C4 he called
the attention of the American peo
ple to the ruthless destruction or
their woodlands, the resultant effects
on streams, climate, commerce, ana
national conditions, and advocated
systematic measures for curtailing
their waste and consumption.
But no definite action was taken
on tree planting until 1S72. At a
meeting of the State Board of Agri
culture, held in Iincoln, Nebraska,
Thurday, January 4, 1872, Mr. D. T.
Moore, offered the following resolu
tion: "Resolved, That in order to
encourage the planting of forest trees
In the State of Nebraska, the State
Agricultural Society will award
premiums, in the year 1S72 and
every year thereafter, at the discre
tion of the board, to the person who
will plant and cultivate the greatest
number of acres in forest trees, said
trees to be in good health, thrifty
condition, and not more than fou
feet apart each way, as follows: For J
the best five acres or more planted
In 1S72, sixty dollars; for the second
best five or more acres planted in
1872, thirty dollars."
And at the same meeting J. Ster
ling Morton offered the following
resolution: "Resolved. That Wed
nesday, the 10th day of April, 1S72,
be . . . especially et apart and con
secrated to tree planting in the State
of Nebraska; and the State Board of
A rrf ii 1 1 ii ra lievohv nnmp it 'Arbor
Day'; and to urge upon the people cf J
the State the vital importance oi
tree planting, hereby offer a special
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the county agricultural society ot
that county in Nebraska which shall,
upon that day, plant properly the
largest number of trees, and a farm
library of twenty-five dollars worth
U. S. Ladybird
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Route, of SoutmAmerican CiRcu-rir
In danger of bem just another "forgotten ladybird," after her plans for a trans-Atlantic flight flopped in
ty31, Laura Ingalls, American aviatrix, has won a placa among the foremost aviators of the world, male and
female, by her remarkable solo flight around South America. Although Miss Ingalls asserted she was mak
ing the 15.000-mile trip "just for the fun of it," friends of the flier hope that the prestige thus obtained may
pet her backing for participation in the London-Melbourne international air race next October. Besides the
glory that would fall to the winner of the derby from Britain to Australia, there is a cash prize of $50,000.
but Miss Ingalls would require a faster plane than the craft she used in her South American circuit, in which
the became the third woman in history to fly across the Andes.
cf book, to that person, who, on
that day, shall plant properly in Ne
braska the greatest number of trees."
The resolution was passed after
some discussion of an amendment in
troduced by the late Chief Justice
Oliver P. Mason, supported by J. H.
Masters both of Otoe county
which proposed to strike out the
word "Arbor" and insert "Sylvan,"
but Mr. Morton insisted that the
word "Sylvan", would apply only
to forest trees, while the word "Ar
bor" would include all trees, hedge
and shrubbery. At the close of the
debate it was unanimously deter
mined to call the new-born anniver
sary "Arbor Day."
Wide publicity was given to the
plan, and over a million trees were
planted in Nebraska on that first
Arbor Day. One Lancaster county
fanner, according to an early news
paper account, planted 10,000 Cot
tonwood, soft maple, Lombardy pop
ular, box elder and yellow willow
trees.
The first Arbor Day proclamation
was made by Gov. Robert W. Furnas
of Nebraska, in which he set apart
the third Wednesday of April, 1S74,
as Arbor Day. Since then a similar
proclamation has been issued an
nually by the Governors of Nebraska,
and in 1885 an act was passed by the
legislature designating the 22nd day
of April, Mr. Morton's birthday, as
the date for Arbor Day, and making
it one of the legal holidays of the
State. From being practicaly a tree
less State, only about 3 per cent of
the total area having originally been
covered with natural timber, Nebras
ka has become one of the leaders in
practical forestry and is so much
identified with tree raising that the
legislature of 1S95, by joint resolu
tions, designated Nebraska as "The
Tree Planter's State" and adopted
the "Golden Rod" as our State Flo .v
er. Kansas and Tennessee followed the
lead of Nebraska in 1875, and the
next year Minnesota fell into line.
In Kansas the same comparatively
treeless conditions as in Nebraska
made the plan of immediate economic
importance. In Minnesota the white
pine forests were being destroyed
with alarming rapidity, and no pro
vision wa3 being made for replacing
them.
It was not until 1882 that more
states began to celebrate the day
North Dakota and Ohio.
Before IS 82 the efforts to extend
the celebration of Arbor Day had
been made through agricultural as
sociations and town authorities. The
first celebration of the day in Ohio,
which was held during the sessions
of a national forestry convention at
Cincinnati, took an entirely new
form at the suggestion of Warren
Iligley, president of the Ohio For
estry Commission. Under the direc
tion of Superintendent of Schools
John B. Peaslee, the school children
of the city had a prominent part in
the celebration, which included a
parade through the streets to a local
park where trees were planted in
memory of distinguished men. About
20,000 children participated in the
singing and reciting and in putting
the soil about the trees. Two new
elements were introduced into the
Arbor Day plan the day was made
a school festival and the practice of
planting memorial trees was inaug
and Course Around
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urated. Tree planting by school chil
dren became a festival; and one of
the greatest benefits of the observ
ance of Arbor Day has been its effects
in impressing upon the minds of the
young people the value of trees and
the necessity of conserving all the
natural resources of the country.
In 188 3 the American Forestry
Congress at St. Paul, Minnesota, pass
ed a resolution recommending the
observance cf Arbor Day in the
schools of every state and a commit
tee was appointed to demonstrate to
school aothorities the value of Arbor
Day leltbrations. N. G. Northrop, of
Connecticut, author of the resolu
tion, was made chairman of this com
mittee. At the annual meeting of
the National Educational Associa
tion in 1884 he offered a resolution
similar to that adopted at St. Paul,
and altho no action was taken then
the next year the association adopted
the following:
"Resolved, That in view cf the
valuable results of Arbor Day work
in the six States where such a day
has been observed, alike upon the
school and the home, this association
recommends the general observance
of Arbor Day for schools in all our
States."
As a school festival the observance
of Arbor Day has spread not only
throughout the whole United States
but far beyond its borders. In 18S7
the educational department of On
tario set aside the first Friday in May
as a tree and flower planting day. In
IS 95 the plan was adopted officially
in Spain. It beached Hawaii in 1905,
and is now in vogue in all the de
pendencies of the United States and
in Great Britain, Canada, Australia,
the English West Indies. South Af
rica, New Zealand, France, Norway,
Russia, Japan and China.
The time of the observance of Ar
bor Day varies greatly in different
States and countries, being deter
mined by climatic conditions. In
many states it is combined with Bird
Day. In general the date is early in
the year in the South and is set
further along toward summer in the
northern states. In some states it is
in the fall and in othera two dates
are set, one in the fpring and the
other in the fall.
More than half of the state3 have
enacted a law for the observance of
Arbor Day. In other states and also
in the Territories the day is observed
by proclamation of the governor, au
thorization of the superintendent of
education, or by other action. In Ne
braska and Rhode Island the day has
been made a public holiday.
Tree plantings have such a far
reaching effect on the community
spirit, and through that on civic and
social betterment, that no commun
ity can affcrd to neglect them. Noth
ing so helps to beautfy a. city or town
as trees. But it is not enough to put
a tree in the ground and sing a
song over it. One mu;t see that it
has water, light, and soil fertility
necessary to enable it to grow.
The celebration cf Arbor Day by
plantings will lead to greater appre
ciation of the beauty and civic value
of trees, shrubs, vines and even wild
flowers in parks and woodlands. No
one who has come to a full realiz
ation of this beauty and value will
trip dogwood, laurel, and other flow
ering shrubs, trees, and flowers, or
ruin them permanently for the sake
South America
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lima omzoi
of temporary personal gratification.
In the sixty years since its first
celebration Arbor Oay lias become
firmly entrenched in the traditions
of our country. It has its place in
our history. Some one has aptly said:
"The spirit cf the day ij unique in
that it looks not backward but al
ways forward. It directs the eyes of
all not toward seme achievement of
the past but to a goal to be reached
in the future. It celebrates net what
we have done but what we hope and
determine to do now and in the days
to come. It appeals to the spirt of
youth and to all that i3 generous and
forward locking in men of every age.
It carries with it the inspiration to
work toward the betterment of the
cemmunitq. the State, and the Na
tion." "The trees are God's groat
Alphabet.
With them, he paints in
shining green
Upon the w o r 1 d, His
thoughts serene.
He scribbles poems acros3
the sky."
Of faith and hope and
love.
And bids us all like His
own trees
To put our trust in Him
above.
STANDARD BEARERS 1IEET
Tuesday evening-, April 17, 1934,
the Standard Bearers had a very
pleasant meeting at the homo of Mrs
L.. S. Devoe. Devotions were led by
Kathryn Armstrong in her usual
pleasing manner.
A playlet telling of roe trials and
troubles of missionary doctors' busy
lives was presented by several girls.
which proved to be an interesting
feature of the program.
The last lesson in the text book
was given by Delta Day, and was
I'ery much enjoyed.
As the pleasant evening drew to a
close, dainty refreshments were
served by Mrs. Devoe, who was as
sisted by Miss Anne Ulrich.
A called meeting of the Standard
Bearers was held April 5, 1934, at
the lovely home of Mrs. C. C. Wes-
cott.
The real purpose of this meeting
was to have an extra text book les
son, and to complete quilt blocks.
Mrs. Barkus was in charge of the
inspiring lesson.
At an appropriate hour, delicious
refreshments were served by Mrs.
Wescott, who was assisted by several
of the girls.
SIGHT RETURNS GRADUALLY
New York. A story of how her
sight came back to her gradually,
after doctors said she would be per
manently blind is told by Gertrude
Musier, 21. She became blind after
suffering infantile paralysis when
she was 3 years old, she said.
When she was about 10, Miss
Musier related, vision returned to
htr, just for a flash, long enough for
her to see a train conductor and his
shiny brass buttons. After that,
sight came back to her for fleeting
periods, she said, but she never told
anyone about them. She can now see
what is going on on the stage or
screen. Miss Musier said, adding: "I
want to see Babe Ruth play baseball.
Thi3 may be his last year. I want to
see him more than anything."
KARL DANE RITES HELD
Hollywood. With only a Landful
of friends in attendance, funeral serv
ices were held here for Karl Dane,
film comedian, who last Saturday
night shot himself to death.
POTATOES FOR SALE
Home grown potatoes, $1.00 per
bushel. II. E. Warden, lA miles
north of Union, Nebr. a!9-2tw
.GREENWOOD. J
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Rex Peters was in Lincoln for a
few day3 during the past week, serv
ing as a juror in the federal court.
Arthur Stewart was busy during
the latter portion of last week with
the building cf a sanitary pool at
the heme cf Mr. and Mrs. John GriL
bell. Donald Wyman who was selected
at Plr.ttsmouth a fow days ago to go
to one cf the CCC camps was sched
uled to go to Minneapolis where he
will serve in a camp this summer.
The young people of the Christian
church were meeting on lart Friday
night at the church parlor:; where
they enjoyed a very fine social even
ing and also with a splendid pro
gram as well.
Mrs. V. C. Boucher and little
granddaughter, Elizabeth Martin,
were guests for the day and a very
fine dinner with their friends, Mr.
and Mrs. W. L. Hillis on la.st
and Mrs. W. L. Hillis on last Wed
nesday where all enjoyed tin occa
sion very much.
Visited Friends Hers.
Ben Linch of Lincoln, where he
has reided for many years, was a
visitor in Greenwood for a i-liort time
on last Wednesday afternoon and was
guest while in town of Clyde New
kirk and Mrs. G. M. I'ailing;, Tie com
ing to visit with his sister, Mrs. W.
E. Ncwkirk, who chanced to be visit
ing at that time at the home of her
daughter. Mrs. Dr. L. D. Lee, and so
he did not get to see her. However
he enjoyed the visit here with other
relatives and friends.
Attended State Gathering.
Clyde Newkirk, who is a salesman
for the Mid-Continent Petroleum
Co. at Greenwood, was in attendance
at a state gathering at Fremont for
the various dealers of this product
over the state. There was a general
conference of the dealers, which dis
closed the fact that the volume of the
DX gas had grown greatly since a
year ago. Mr. Newkirk also has had
the same experience, v.'i he had in
creased the volume of the DX gas
over that of a year ago by nearly
two fold.
Visits Greenwood Tuesday.
Mrs. Lottie Kosenerans of Platts-
mouth and her secretary were in
Greenwood last Tueday loejking after
the giving of employment to those
who are looking fcr work under the
FERA and arranged for a number
to go to work under the new provi
sion. Hold Enthusiastic Meeting.
The members from the various
seven lodges of the I. O. O. F. which
met to form a new district, met as
per schedule in Greenwood and had
a large number of representatives
and delegates present. The organ
ization was formed and the various
committees appointed. Georgo Buck
r.ell found a place on the publicity
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committee and Leo Peters on the re
ception committee.
Another meeting was called to
meet at Haveloek on May 1st, at
which time there will be a scliof;l of
instruction Kivcn dining tlu after
noon and following which will be
the supper and then degree work
and other interesting numbers on as
well as the program. There was at
the Greenwood meeting some twenty
five from out of town.
Serving on xedeial Jury.
Mr. E. A. Laudou, the manager of
the Farmers Elevator at Greenwood,
was called to Lincoln to serve on the
federal jury, and while he was away
lh:? business of the elevator was look
ed alter by the vice president of the
company, Mr. C. D. Fulmer.
Have Splendid Program.
Last Sunday night at the Chris
tian church was Iield a very delight
ful program with special music and
special numbers besides their regular
program. James Jeffreys, who was
the highest at the graduation at the
school at Waverly gave a reading of
the oration which lie gave at the clos
ing of r.chool when he graduated,
while Davis Hall who has just grael
nted from (he school of music at
Geneva rendered a group cf numbers
at the piano and with t!e other num
bers of the special program made a
very enjoyable evening.
Bible Schccl Contest.
Th? Bib!:: school c the Christian
church of Greenwood have just in
augurateel a peculiar contest which
is known as the Thermometer con
test and a irambcr of things effect
the rise and fall of the- marker on
the thermometer, such as attendance,
new members and the offering. A
portion of the school are pitted
against another party, each having
a number of classes on their side. Just
what will be the result at the end
of the three months which the con
test is to run is not yet known, but
a jolly good time will be had when
the contest is concluded and a good
time during the contest.
Gave Wonderful Entertainment.
The membership of the Methodist
church of Greenwood, gave a very
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pleasing entertainment at the church
parlcrn on last Sunday evening where
they presented the play under tin
auspices of the Arti-Saloon League'
of Nebraska. The entertainment was
in the form of a trial by jury, and
the jurors being members of the
church who wer? putting on the play
let and was supplemented by parties
from Lincoln, who acted as Judge and
attorney, the play being called
"Guilty Fingerprints."
DECIDE TO SELL HOME
Hollywood. The controversy be
tween Mary Astor and her parents,
Mr. and Mr:;. Otto Longhanklc, re
sulted in the father'.-? announcement
that he would sell their $200,000
home at public auction. "We can
not hold on any longer," said Lang
hankie. From Saturday's Dally
Mrs. Viola Long and son, H. B.
Long, of South Bend, were in the
city today to lock after somo matters
cf business for a short time and
visiting with friends.
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Murray, Nebr.
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