Nebraska State Histori al Society She Platte omn VOL. NO. XLTV PLATTSMOUTH, NEBRASKA, THURSDAY, MARCH 29, 1928. NO. 16 r Teahing Force for City Schools are Signing Up There Wille Be But Few of the Teachers That Will Not Be Back Here for the Year. From Monday's IJallv . The board of aducation have so far received the acceptances of the greater part of the teaching force of the Plattsmouth schools and there are only a few teachers that have so "war announced their intention of quitting the KChool service here for the 192S-29 term. In the high school acceptances have been received by the board from Principal Simons. Floyd E. Flack. Miss Estelle Baird, Mrs. George B. Mann, Fred A. Rothert. B. G. Wood ward. Miss Mary Tidball. Miss Pearl Staats, Mr. Thornton, while the ac ceptances of R. Foster Patterson and W. I. McMahon have not as vet been received by the board but it is thought that these gentlemen will probably remain here for the coming year. In the grade teachers the board has received the resignations of Miss Edith Abbott, Miss Golda Mason and Mrs. G. Ruck, who will not teach here thecoming year, but oth erwise the grade teachers will all be back on the job when school opens next September. As soon as all of the teachers have signified their acceptance or rejection of the contracts for the coming term, the board will proceed with the filling of the vacancies that may exist and to get the teaching force lined up for the season and make the plans for the next year's work in the high school and grade schools of the city. THE CEMETERY PROBLEM The nearing approach of the memorial day, brings to mind a problem that is always more or less with us and that is the care and preservation of Oak Hill cemeteryt where sleeps the members of many of the families of the community. The cemetery has. since its organ ization in the dim distant days of the city's organization, been a part of the care of the city government and the care and supervision of the silent city has been with the members of the city council, the committee in charge being one usually that was constantly changing as the chairman ship devolved on one of the new councilmen and in the second year usually the former chairman been advanced to some other committee and the cemetery again placed in the hands of a new and unfamiliar mem ber. Despite this fact the cemetery has had the beet service that is pos sible under this method and the com mittees have done all possible to do their bit on the job, but it is some thing that is really removed from the sphere of the city council. What has been found to be the most successful in other places and wfuld be here as well, is the placing of the cemetery in the hands of an association or have it turned over to the supervision of the Women's club or some other ladies organiza tion to supervise, as the ladies are largely more familiar with the ceme tery and its needs than the male portion of the city. Another step that would add to the upkeep of the cemetery would be to have the custodian or" sexton of the cemetery placed on a living salary that would permit the occupant to devote all of their time to the care of the cemetery and each day be able to put in time in looking after the keeping of the place in good shape, while under the present condition the sexton has to make his living in some other way and work at the cemetery as it was possible to do so. With the revenues of the cemetery turned into the cemetery treasury, the pexton placed on a good living salary and the association of ladies in charge of the affairs of the ceme tery it would be made a place of great beauty at all seasons of the year in stead of merely memorial day and also at an expense that probably would not exceed that of the present method. ANOTHER RECORD CROWD Attendance at the Legion dance on Saturday night again reached a high record mark with something over a hundred couples present. So pleased was the crowd with Scbreiner's old time df.nce band that arrangements were made to book them regularly on Saturday nights for the next several weeks. They have also been booked by the American Legion Auxiliary, which has rented the hall and will put on a combination dance Wednes day night, April 25th. FECES LARGE MORTGAGE From Tuesdays DaJiy I This afternoon County Register of Colorado, will be interested in learn Deeds. Miss Jessie M. Robertson re-1 ing that on Friday their home was eeived the second largest mortgage gladdened by the arrival of a fine that has been received in her office, little son to become a member of the the amount being $50,000,000. The family circle. Mrs. Spies was for- Missouri Pacific railway company has made the mortgage to the Guaranty Trust Co. of New York and the prop- erty covered is the railroad property ture welfare and happiness of the lit in the state of Nebraska. tie one. ' FIXING UP HOMES From Monday's Daily The sound of the hammer and saw was to be heard in all parts of the city the past week, where the owners of residence property are having im provements made to their homes and the building of new additions, porches or reshingling and repairing goes on apace to fix the places up in the best of shape for the springtime. These activities are to be noted in all parts of the city and will result in a great general improvement over the past year in the residence sec tion. Many of the homes are also being given a touch of paint and freshened up to add to the beauty of the community in this ideal home city. Young People Wedded Here o n Saturday Eve County Judge Duxbury and Rev. H E. Sorter Have Two Happy Events Before Them. From Monday's Dally Saturday afternoon as the offices of the court house were closing for the week end holiday, County Judge A. H. Duxbury had two young peo ple. Wendell A. Sutton and Miss Iola Williams of Rising City. Nebraska. call upon him and ask the court to officiate at the ceremony that would unite them for life. The court is al ways glad to accommodate those who are about to commit matrimony and accordingly a hurry up call was sent over the court house for the neces sary witnesses and C. E. Ledgeway, deputy clerk of the district court and Bert Reed, sheriff, were called upon to serve as the necessary wit nesses. Saturday evening Rev. H. E. Sor- tor, pastor of the Methodist church was the officiating clergyman at the ceremony that united the lives and hearts of Carl Tilton and Olive G. Hastman, both of Omaha, the young people being married at the church parsonage to wrhich place they had hastened after securing the necessary marriage license. ENTERTAINS FOR SISTER From Monday's Daily Miss Lucille Horn very delightfully entertained in honor of the birthday anniversary of her sister. Miss Marie, on Friday evening at the Horn home in the north portion of the city. There were a large number of the young lady friends of the guest of honor invited in to enjoy the event and the members of the party spent the time in bridge and other card games as well as musical selections that added in making the time pass most delightfully. The guest of hon or received many handsome gifts. At a suitable hour there were dainty refreshments served and featured by the birthday cake with its sixteen glowing candles. The event was at tended by the following: Miss Viola Meisinger, Mrs. Edward Fullerton. Miss Florence Thacker, Mrs. Dick Beverage, Misses Eliza beth and Marie Nolting, Mrs. Earl Becker. Miss Florence Terryberry, Miss Eleanor McCarthy, Mrs. James F. Doyle, Misses Anna and Helen Smetena, Mrs. Robert Hill of Fre mont. Mrs. II. G. Goodchild and little daughter, Jean of Omaha, Misses Marie and Lucille Horn and Mr. and Mrs. P. A. Horn and son, John. CELEBRATES BIRTHDAY From Monday's Dally Yesterday was the fifty-second birthday anniversary of Mrs. P. A. McCrary, one of the highly esteemed residents of the city and in honor of the occasion she was given a very pleasant surprise at the family home on South 6th street. The event was arranged by the members of the fam ily circle without the knowledge of the mother and her surprise was complete when the members of the party arrived at the home to spend the day. At the noon hour a fine chicken dinner was served and which was featured by the birthday cake baked by Mrs. Will Renner. a sister-in-law, and which, blazing with the glowing candles that denoted the years of life of Mrs. McCrary. To enjoy the occasion W. D. Mc Crary of Lincoln came down to visit with the mother and Mr. and Mrs, George Privett of Cedar Creek and Mr. and Mrs. Caesar Baumbart. Miss Artensia and Merle McCrary of this city. The guest of honor also received a number of attractive gifts in honor of the occasion. NEW CHILD ARRIVES The friends in this city of Mr. and Mrs. Edmund Spies of Branson, merly Miss May Peterson of this city , ,and the family will receive the well ', wishes of the friends here for the f u- I 4 Rotary Club Has Its First Annual Election Today Fred I. Rea Is Named as the Second President of the Plattsmoutk Rotary Club. From Tuesday's Dally This noon the Plattsmouth Rotary club held their regular weekly meet ing and which was featured by the election of the officers for the ensu ing year, it being the second election j in the history of the club and in 1 Willi; il a great ucui ui liiitiehi was shown and the nominating committee had made the choice of two for the offices and who were balloted upon by their associates in the club. The following officers were named: President Fred I. Rea. Vice-President Searl S. Davis. Secretary Dr. P. T. Heineman. Treasurer Edwin A. Fricke. Sergeant at Arms John L. Tid ball. Jr. Directors R. W. Knorr and Wil liam Baird. The new president of the club is the district manager of the Iowa-Nebraska Light & Power Co., and one of the most able and popular officials of the power company in this part cf the west and his services to the local Rotary organization has caused his fellow members to demand that he serve as the "prexy" of the club for the ensuing year and succeeding in this office Searl S. Davis, the first president. GIVEN BIRTHDAY SURPRISE From Tuesday's Daily In honor of her fourteenth birth day anniversary. Miss Mildred Carl- berg was given a very delightful sur prise at the home on Friday after noon and in which a number of the young friends joined and made the event one that this lady will long pleasantly remember. The time was spent in games and contests, and in the corn guessing contest Anna Duda proved the most successful while in the contest tn form the largest number of words from the word "birthday" the guest of honor received the prize. At a suitable hour Mrs. Carlberg assisted by Miss Dorothy Elliott served very delicious refreshments and which was featured bv the fine birthday cake that was provided for the occasion. In honor of the birthday Miss Mil dred received many fine gifts. Those attending the birthday par ty were: Amy and Dorothy Elliott, Florence Wright, Mary Ellen Byers, Virginia Galloway, Edna Carlberg. Glen Carlberg, Doris Peterson. Edith Elledge, Vivian Taylor, Mildred Al len, Mary Ann Chancellor, John El liott and the guest of honor. Miss Mildred Carlberg. HAS A GOOD SEASON From Monday's Dally "Business is Good," isn't just a meaningless statement when applied to the implement business of Joe Mrasek, of this city, as he states that he has had one of the best seasons in a great many years and the last two weeks business has exceeded that of many months in other years. Joe and his assistants have been kept busy delivering implements to the residents of the localities in and near this city and as far south as the Otoe county line where the In ternational line has made a demand for them. Mr. Mrasek states that in a great many cases there are machin ery of which he sells only one -or two a season, while this year the demand has been six or seven times that of other years. The orders have includ ed several tractors and larger farm implements and from the outlook Joe will have a very busy season for the entire summer. TAKEN TO HOSPITAL John Lahr, manager of the Platts mouth exchange of the Lincoln Tele phone & Telegraph Co., who has been sick the greater part of the time since the second of February, has been taken to the Immanuel hospital at Omaha for treatment. Mr. Lahr was flrst taken with flu and later an attack of pneumonia developed and from which he suffered for several weeks. Mr. Lahr was able to be out a few days a week ago but suffered a relapse and has since been, confined to his home and his condition has been such that it was decided to have him taken to the hospital for treat ment. SUFFERS INJURED FOOT From Monday's Dally Mrs. E. J. Rummel of near this city has just received a letter from her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Lambert Lister, who resides at Burbank, Cal ifornia, in which the information Is given of a very painful accident that occurred to Mr. Lister a week ago while he was entraered in his wort A large section of iron pipe fell on the right foot of Mr. Lister and as the result the member was very badly mashed and injured and has caused air. LiEter more or less pain and an noyance and kept him from his re gular duties for a number of days. DIES IN NEW YORK From Tuesday's Dally Yesterday afternoon George W. Rhoden of this city received a mes sage that announced the death at New York City of Mrs. Richard Air. unoueii anu a icmuciii ior many years at Fremont. The deceased lady was formerly Miss Tempest Search of Fremont, and where she was mar ried to Dr. Richard Rhoden and where the family resided until after the death of the husband some years ago. Since the death of Dr. Rhoden ! the wife has made her home in New ' York City where her daughter, j Beulah, is a practicing physician, j At the time of the death of Mrs. ! Rhoden she was in her sixty-third year. The funeral arrangements have not been announced and altho Dr. Rhoden is buried at Fremont, whether or not the wife will be brought back to the old home for burial has not been made known. Return of Coach Fred A- Rothert is Very Pleasing Popular Manual Training Teacher and Athletic Coach to Be Here Next Year. From Tuesday's Daity The mooted question that has been agitating the minds of the young people of the high school and a large part of the public as to whether or not Fred A. Rothert. athletic coach of the high school for the past four years, was to again serve in the capacity of coach and manual train ing teacher, has been settled by the acceptance of the contrat tendered by the board of eduation and "Fritz" will be on the job when the school opens the next season. Mr. Rothert has been an outstand ing figure in the high school faculty during his services here and has been most valuable in handling the young men that have been engaged in athletics, his splendid character and his quiet and unassuming man ner winning him the high respect of the boyd that have been under his supervision. From his splendid per sonality the young men have gather ed inspiration and his service here has been for a great good among the young men of the high school and this is one of the reasons that the general public feels that the com munity is fortunate in having Mr. Rothert here for another year. The coming year will be import ant in athletic circles of the school as the coach will have the task of forming practically new teams as the veterans have all graduated with the present year and will make nec essary the drafting of new players and trimming them into shape for the football and basketball season, but from the material on hand there will be a good team ready to go when the athletic season opens up. CHARGED WITH RECKLESSNESS Phil Thierl of Cedar Creek, Neb., was taken to the police station and charged with reckless driving Sun day evoning. His arrest followed a thrilling chase by Tom Dow, 3908 U street, Donald Thomas, 2718 South Eighteenth and C. W. Anderson, 712 South Sixteenth street. Dow and Thomas were sitting in the Dow car which was parked by the curbing. Thierl attempted to pass a west bound car, struck the front end of the car, tearing open the doors and damaging the bumper. It then struck the Dow car parked at the curb. Anderson, a passing driver, seeing the accident, picked up Dow and Thomas and they gave chase, which resulted in the arrest of Thierl. South Omaha Sun. FIRST RAIN OF SPRING From Monday's Daily April showers will now be the or der of the day as the first rainfall of the spring season swept over this locallity last night and brought a very welcome moisture and the gentle and slow falling rain that covered a period of several hours made for the general benefit of the community and for the starting out of the veg itation for the spring. The rain came at the conclusion of an unusally hot dav and in which summer like con ditions prevailed, he rain was fol-J lowed by considerably cooler weather j that will remain with us a few days the wenthpr man states HIKERS VISIT HERE From Monday's Dally , I On Saturday evening the city wasj visited by some thirty of the members '. of a Hiking club of Omaha and the young people that comprised the party spent some time in the city in a most enjoyable way. The party came on a special chartered bus of Ike Gilinsky of the DeLux bus line and the party enjoyed a dinner party at the Royal cafe and later after looking over the city hiked back to the metropolis and enjoyed very much the thrill of the eighteen mile hike over the hills that lie between this city and Omaha. Journal Want Ada bring result. New Baseball League Proposed for This Section Omaha Teams, Plattsmouth, Nebraska City and Louisville Proposed In New Loop. From Wednesday's Dally "Last evening representatives of several Omaha baseball teams were here to talk over with the local barcball management the proposition of the creation of a new baseball league that would include in addi tion to several Omaha teams, a num ber of the baseball teams of this sec tion, of the state and if carried out would make a good fast league. The teams that are tentatively pro posed for the new loop s are the Knights of Columbus, Vinton Street Merchants, North Side Athletic clubs of Omaha, Plattsmouth, Ne braska City and Louisville. The local team had planned on playing independent ball thi3 year and dropping from the Sarpy-Cass County league in which they have played for the past two seasons, many believing that more games at home would stimulate the local interest in the great national pastime, but they will give the new league serious con sideration as it will embrace a num ber of fast and aggressive teams that should make a hot race for the league leadership. The Nebraska City team has play ed independent ball throughout and what views the team there will have on the proposed league will be taken up by the sponsors of the new or ganization and it is hoped that the fast and aggressive Otoe team can be landed in the league camp as it would give a new field of operation and help in the league interest. A meeting of the various teams is planned for Sunday at Omaha, when the final plans will be discussed and the status of the organization deter mined for the coming season. HAS LOTS OF STEAM From Wednesday' Dally Last night while the early watches of 2 a. m. were drawing near, the night police force was atti acted by the loud and forceful cries that arose on the night air and as the vast ma jority of the residents of the city were wrapped n slumber and even the belated bridge players were safe at home, the representatives of the law started an investigation. It was found that the loud cries eminated from a stranger within our midst, who had arrived from the state metropolis to the north and was filled with that strange brand of Omaha liquor that moves man to do many 3trange things. The police were able to temporarily still the unmusi cal noises and to get the stranger over to the palatial city jail and where he was quartered for the rest of the night and to await the coming of the dawn and the verdict of Judge William Weber as to his ultimate fate. The cold stone walls of the prison failed to check the enthusiasm of the man, however, and he con tinued to burst forth into the shrill bird calls until a group of the vic tims of republican prosperity who were sheltered for the night in the jail to protect them from the cool breezes, were able to close the cut out of the stranger and then a deep silence fell over the city prison. GREAT EGG MARKET From Tuesday's Daily The past week has seen one of the greatest movements of eggs in this city in many years, states George W. Olson, local produce dealer, there be ing over $300 more paid to farmers the week of March 19 than any time during the residence of Mr. Olson here and far exceeding the same per iod in 1927. . There were over 200 cases of eggs sold at twenty-four cents and which was worth $1,440. Last year the price of eggs at this timewas eighteen cents or six cents less a dozen and the farmers realized $360 more for their eggs this -year than they did last year. This is the largest amount of eggs that has come to Plattsmouth which is a great poultry and egg market and where the high prices have at tracted a great many from all parts of the country to come and bring their produce. Mr. Olson is well pleased with the showing and feels that the farmers have received a good return and the community bene fitted by the growing market for the poultry and eggs. HOLD BIRTHDAY From Wednesday's Dally The Social Workers Flower Club held their annual celebration of the ; birth of the club as well as good old j St. Patrick at the home of Mr. and Mrs. John Kaufman, south of this ' city, on last Saturday evening. Al-! most all of the total membership, as well as their families attended, mak- ing more than 80 guests. A splendid program composed of readings, songs, club paper, style show, and biography of the club was given. If any doubt ; the sumptuousness of the luncheon, just ask any one who attended. , ENJOYING SERVICE IN NAVY From Wednesday's Daily Mr. and Mrs. It. B. Tompkins of this city have received word from their son, Donald, who enlisted in the navy a year ago, announcing that he was leaving with part of the Pacific coast fleet for Honolulu where the fleet will visit at the naval base there, and go through the spring training period. Donald has been on the battleship Maryland, for the greater part of his enlistment and has been stationed at the naval base at San Pedro, California, for the greater part of the time, aside from trins tn the cnmil zone and on the J voyage to Boston with a large party of recruits. His friends here will be interested in learning of Donald's activities in the navy and his enjoy ment of the life of the sailor boy. Death of Former Resident of City in California Mn. Albert Quinn Passed Away Mon day at Her Home Formerly Miss Mae Patterson. The announcement has been re ceived here by relatives and friends of the death on Monday, March 26th at Los Angeles, California, of Mrs. Albert Quinn, for many years a resi dent of this city and well known to a great many of the older resi dents of this city. The deceased lady was formerly Miss Mae Patterson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ambrose Patterson, pio neer residents of this county and she was born and reared in this com munity, and where she was married some eighteen years ago to Albert Quinn, at that time in charge of the News-Herald plant in this city. The family left shortly after that time for the west coast and have made their home in Los Angeles and vicin ity since. There remains to mourn the loss of Mrs. Quinn, the husband and one sister, Mrs. Irene Murphy, of St. Louis, Mrs. T. H. Pollock and R. F. Patterson of this citj are cousins of the deceased lady. The interment of Mrs. Quinn will be made at Los Angeles where a large number of the old friends reside. RIVERVLEW CLUB MEETS Riverview club held their regular monthly meeting at the home of Mrs. George Meisinger on Friday after noon. This meeting closed the work for the year. The work taken up this year was Time Saving in Sewing," and has proven very beneficial as well as in teresting to the members. The ladies had a very fine exhibit at their meeting, each member hav ing one or more garments for exhibits Plans were made to attend the County Achievebent day to be held at Weeping Water on April 19th, when the different clubs throughout the county will meet and report on their year's work. Each club will exhibit their work and also take some part in the program which will be gin at 1 o'clock. The club plans to meet once a month during the summer for some study work and will in September! again take up the project work that I has proven so helpful in the past . year. At the close of the arternoon i very delicious refreshments were served by the hostess, assisted by Mrs. John Ketelhut. The social meet ing for April will be held at the home of Mrs. John Kaufman. WELL KNOWN LADY HONORED From Wednesday's Dally The Daughters of the American Revolution at their state convention at York the past week selected as the chaplain of the society for the state, Mrs. Charles Mullen of Omaha, aunt of Mrs. T. B. Bates of this city and well known to the Plattsmouth members of the society a3 she has been a frequent visitor here. The nomination of Mrs. Mullen was made by the Plattsmouth representatives at the convention, Mrs. Minor and Mrs. j E. H. Wescott and this talented lady j was given the unanimous election to, the office. Mrs. Mullen has been very ' active in D. A. R. work over the state . and is a well known authoress, her poetical works having been well known in this part of the state and in the various offerings of her pen are several poems dealing with Plattsmouth and its people. APPLICATION FOR MORTGAGE: From Wednesday's Dally I An action was filed In the district court yesterday afternoon in which the board of trustees of the First Methodist church of this city ask the court for permission to place a mort gage on the property of the church here to clear up outstanding indebte dness in the sum of $4,100. The property is to be mortgaged to the Peters Trust Co. of Omaha, and the preceeds will be used In clearing up the balance remaining from the cost of the erection of the parsonage here. The trustees aek permission to re tire as much of the debt at each of the interest paying dates as possible. Missouri River Barge Lines to Go Into Operation Inland Waterways Corporation Head Impressed; Figures Will Be Presented to Committee. Washington. March 2S. Barge lines on the Missouri river as fast as the channel can be opened, will be recommended, it is said, by Gen. T. Q. Ashburn, director of the Inland Waterways corporation as a result ! of the showing made by the recent I survey of tonnage available, j The survey, which recently took W. H. Smallwood of the department of commerce and a group of assistants to Kansas City, Omaha, t'ouncn Bluffs, Sioux City and Yankton, has revealed a total tonnage available on the river from Yankton to St. Louis of 8.445.350 tons. Of this there was revealed 3,729.437 tons of freight available for the barge lines from Kansas City south and 4,715, 918 on the upper river, from Kansas City to Yankton. Ashburn Impressed. From the department of commerce, which gathered the information for the War department, 1he finures have been subntftted to Secretary Davis, and the war secretary plans to present them shortly to the house interstate commerce committee for consideration in connection with the discussion of barge line legislation. General Ashburn, it is understood, has been so favorably impressed with the tonnage showing that he will urge that the Missouri river sec tion of the barge line start off with an appropriation of $3,000,000 for the establishment of a line to Kan sas City, his sum would Jurnish K of the most modern towboats and six of the latest tug boats. Figures Larger. The tonnage facts revealt-d by the Missouri river survey, surpass the expectations of the moi-t ardent river navigation advocate. The fig ures are larger than those revealed in the Mississippi river survey last fall, on the basis of which addi tional barge line equipment Is plan ned for the upper reaches of that river. Those figures showed only 6. 997.918 tons of freight available. The barge line established on the Mississippi has been swamped with business. It is argued by Missouri river advocates now in Washington that the comparative showings prove the need for immediate action along the lines of General Ashburn's pro posed recommendation. Omaha Dee News. NEED OF REPENTENCE From Weanesaay's Dallv The attendance and interest has been growing in the special services being held at the Methodist church. Last night Rev. Druliner again held the close attention of his audience as he presented the necessity of hum ility and repentence before the Christian life can be started. His text was taken from the words of Christ in the Gospel of Matthew in which Christ stated that "except ye turn and become as little children, ye can not enter into the kingdom or heaven," Whenever any member of any church causes criticism because of hypocritical living, it is almost without exception beause he has not had any experiene to tie Us life to and is not in reality a Christian. Rev. Druliner also stated that be coming as a child did not mean to become childish, but to possess the innocent faith in God and men that children possess. The necessity of the life of a Christian life is to know it's master. There is no place for a guess so in a Christian's life. It U a positive life and as in the epistle of John the "We know" is the very heart and life of it. The burden of the message of John the Baptist wa "Repent Ye for the Kingdom of Heaven is at Hand" and with that message he emptied the rities and filled the desert with people who came to hear him. The message of Christ was "Repent ye for the king dom of heaven is here," and with this message down through the years sin sick men have found siitisfaction in their lives by repenting and be coming childlike in their living. The meeting begins tonight at seven thirty and the people are urged to tome. HOLD FINE MEETING From Wednesdays Daily Last evening the W. H. E. L. club was very delightfully entertained at the home of Mrs. Guy Long and which was enjoyed by a large num ber of the members of thi Jolly or ganization. The time was spent in the plying of the busy needle on many dainty articles of needlework until an appropriate hour when the most dainty and delicious refresh ments were served by the hostess that added to the completeness of th evening. Very artistic Easter designs were used in the refreshments of the evening. Get your school supplies at the Bates Book and Stationery Store, where you will find the corcplete line at all times.