MONDAY, AUGUST "IS, 1913.
PAGE 6.
PLATTSMOUTH SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL.
CONSTANTINE,
THiOT MAKER
Father, His Son and His Holy
Sairit Mads Ghd In Person.
TRINITY NOT IK THE BIBLE.
Pastor Russall Says the Roman Em
peror Put It In the Nicene Creed,
A. D. 325 Confusion Followed.
Some Claim Three Gods In One Per
son Others Claim One God In Three
Person All Say Incomprehensible
Mystery Constaniine's Trinity Fiat
Enforced by Cruel Persecutions.
Back to the Bible and Avay from
Creeds U the Message of the Hour
Urged Upcn All Lovers of Truth.
London, Aug. 17.
Pastor Russell
addressed theLou
(I n Tabernacle
congregation twice
today. We report
one of his dis
courses from the
text, '"To us there
is o!!o Gd, the
Lather,
and one Lord Je
sus Christ." 1
Corinthians 8,0.
The Pastor ,o-
dared that the confusion which has
rent the- Church of Cod into hundreds
of sects ha conic through neglect of
th.; Bible. The confusion is recognized
l.y all Christian people everywhere, l.ut
the cause is not generally discerned.
Church creeds -lire admitted to be de
fective, notwithstanding tlx,' truths
which they nil contain. Creed flash
ings Jire the direct result of the se
iious errors in all creeds.
Realizing this, why should not all
Christians abandon and demolish their
creeds'' They purport to he pen pic
tures of the Almighty Cod, and His
attitude townrd men and His resultant
plans. No heathen id'l is so grotesque,
so terrible, so horrible, as that which
the most intelligent l'hritian people
have portrayed with t lie pen. We tire
all ashamed of having misrepresented
our Creator as worse in His purposes
toward mi ii than the vlic-t of humani
tyas l ad as wo Know how to picture
Satan himself s:nd his attitude. Why
linger longer? If Jch-.vnh he Cod. let
us -worship Him. If the horrible. Haul
of the Hark Ages he no longer our
Cod, let lis de-troy i,js creed images
and endeavor to for-'-t them.
Err.peror Constantine's Nicene Creed.
After the Christian Church had for
gotten that the Master de-dared that
His Twelve Apostles -would constitute
the chief foundation stones of tlu New
Jerusalem, they begin to re--ognizo
their bishops as successors to The
Twelve apostolic bishops. They over
looked tlie fact that while God had
prophetically told .that the place of Ju
das would be filled by another, this
.particularity itself intimated that there
would Le.no successors t The Twelve.
The real successor to Judas, Bible
Students recognize in St. Paul. Through
him Cod lias given us the major por
tion of the New Testament, and spe
cial light upon the Church's path,
which is to "shine mote ami more unto
the perfect Day." We now see that the
eleven Apostles, before they had been
confirmed in Apostleship by the Pente
costal blessing, erred in choosing Mat
thias, w hom Cod merely, ignored.
Fnder these circunistarves the bish
ops lose gradually to power niid in
l'uenee as inspired orach's of Cod.
And proportionately. The Twelve cho
sen as the Lord's mouthpieces to His
Church lost their influence. It was
easier to take the word of the bishops
than to search the Scriptures at a
time when copies of the Bible wove
very expensive, and only few wore
able to read.
Thus Bible study greatly declined
during the second and third centuries,
and disputes between Christians and
Creek philosophers Jed some of the
bishops to extremes. Not only did they
maintain the Bible tea--liing that Jesus
w;is the Son of Cod. and that He left
His Heavenly condition and became a
man that He might redeem Adam and
Ids ra-e; but, not content with this.
Sons" went further, and in their zeal
clairne.'S that He was the Heavenly
Lather Himself, who catne down to
earth, arid took man's nature, and died,
the Ju-t fr the unjust. In their anxi
ety to overwhelm the Creek skeptics,
tiies; Christian teachers involved thom
sehes in absmditios. without realizing
Jt. Those making the most absurd
claims appear t-i have had the great
est InflucTn-e with the iiiiterete.
Gradually ihe trinitarian theory was
Advanced; at'd the. my-Mik-ation of say
ing that the Heavenly F ather was His
wn Son. and t'lat the Lord Jesus was
His own Lather, and that the Holy
Spirit was another pcis-.n'und yet the
Mine person, apposed to people who
delight to reverence v.v,t those things
which they d i - t understand. Thus
today when questions are asked re
specting the trinity how one could be
three, and h v three r -i'Id be one-the
answer which is given, and which satis
fies the ignorant, is. Mystery. Mystery!
Hut the P;!o makes no mystery of
the matter. It never mentions trinity
at all. nor anything that would give
such a suggestion. The one text (I
John r:7 wh-; h seems to give a color
of support to the thought is now ad
mitted by all scholars to be .in inter
polation dating from nbo-it the seventh
century; for it is not found in manu
1'ASQ!USSLIJ
scripts vrrittcn nt an earlier date. The
Revised Version shows quite distinctly
how the passage reads iu the old man
uscripts, and how the forgery to sup
port the trinltarian theory was adroit
ly accomplished.
"To Us There Is One Cod."
The Old Tes'tameLt Scriptures rep
resent the Divine Message of four
thousand years, and say not a word
respecting the trinity. On the' con
trary, they declare. "Hear, O Israel.
Jehovah thy Cod is one Cod"; "Thou
shall have no other gods." To keep
iu line with this definite statement,
the trinitarian theory- claims that this
one Cxl lias three persons, although
others claim that there are. three Cods
but only one person. It seems impos
sible to get a trinitarian ' to decide
what he really believes; he hedges
with tho word "Mystery."
Tlie New Testament is as explicit as
theJjid in its statement that there is
but one Supreme God. Jesus testified
to this, declaring, "My Lather is great
er than 1" greater tLan all. (John
11:2S.) Jesus declared that of Himself
He could do nothing; that? He was
merely the Mouthpiece of God in His
teachings. :tnd the Linger of God iu
His winking of miracles. He directed
that His followers should worship the
Lather, and declared, when leaving. "I
ascend to My Lather and to your La
ther, to My God and to your Cod."
John U';17.
Our Lord did indeed deelare the one
ness, or harmony, between Himself
and the Lather, but He explained that
this was because He ignored any will
of His own, coming not to do His own
will, but the will of the Lather who
sent Him.' lie exhorted His disciples
similarly to have the same mind, the
same wfl, the same spirit, which ac
tuated Him the Holy Spirit, the mind
or disposition to do the will of the La
ther in Heaven. His prayer for His
disciples was to the same effect, "That
they all may be one" even as Thou,
Lather, and I are one in heart, mind,
will, disposition, or holiness of spirit,
harmony with God. John 17:20, "1.
What could be more explicit than
our text. "To us there is one Cod, the
Lather, of whom are all things"; addi
tionally, "To us there is one I.ord Lor
Master, Jesus Christ, by whom are all
tilings, and we by Ilim"? The Apos
tle here not only shows the relation
shift between the Lather and Son. but
he ignores and thus disowns .entirely
the Holy Spirit as another God. Clear
ly and plainly enough he sets forth
time and again that Hie Holy Spirit is
the spirit, will, mind, power, disposi
tion. ctv. in fullest conformity to that
of the Lather. There is no mystery
t!oiit the matter, none whatever.
"The Alpha and the Omeja.'' .
Our Lord Jesus ifeclarod Himself to
be the Alpha and tho Omega of the
Divine direct creation. (Revelation
1;S.) lie was its Beginning and its
laid, according to John l:l-.". Our Re
deemer, known before He Ifocnine a
man as the Logos, was the L.eginning
of the Divine creation and' the I'nd of
it in that, -'ever after the creation of
the Logos, Jehovah operated iu and
through Him in respect to all the stu
pendous wanks of creation. His name,
the Lottos, indicates all this; it signi
fies the Divine Message, or Messenger,
the Oiie through whom Jehovah's ut
terances and decrees went forth.
So we read in the Creek, "In the he
ginning was the Logos, anil the Logos
was with ibc God, and the Logos was a
god. The same was in the beginning
with the God. By Him were all things
made itbat were made, and without
Him was not one thing made. And
the Logos was made flesh and dwelt
among us, and we beheld His glory as
the glory of the Only Begotten of tho
Lather, full of grace and Truth."
Constantine the .Trinity-Maker.
The, Roman Lmporor Constantine
saw a vision probably ' when wide
awake a vision of greater prosperity
for himself and his Lmpire, by a rec
ognition of Christianity as the religion
of his Empire instead of paganism,
which hud previously been recognized.
Lor that moment a certain portion of
Clio Church of Christ had long labored.
Abandoning the.thought of the Second
Coming of Jesus to establish His King
dom, they desired marriage, or union,
.with earthly empire, thus to bo set as
a queen upon the throne of earthly
dominion and honor.
Constantino's influence in Church af
fairs became groat. He proposed the
calling of a council of all tho bishops,
numbering about one thousand. Ho
wanted to know why these apostolic
bishops, all inspired with the same
Spirit of God, taught so differently.
He offered to pay the expenses of all
the bishops to the Council at Nice; hut
the majority, fearing that the Lmporor
would be under the control of the Ko
man bishop (not yet claiming to be
pope), declined to attend.
OnIyV?l came. Hut even they were
unable to agree, the great point of dis
pute being tho one wo are discussing:
Many held to the Hible teaching that
Jehovah is the One Supreme God; that
the Lord Jesus Christ was His Son
and honored Agent in all His creative
work; aid that He. having manifested
faith and loyalty to the Lather to the
extent of leaving the heavenly glory,
becoming a man and dying, the Just
for the unjust, had been exalted by
the Lather to Ills own right hand of
majesty and power.
Hut the mystification thought of
trinity hail gained a hold on some of
the bishops, amongst others the Bishop
of Rome. Tho questions at issue were
argued for months. Willi all his pow
erful influence, the Hishop of Rome
could not bring the majority of the
Council to acknowledge-the doctrine
of the trinity. Thereupon Constantino
decided the, matter; aud the Nicene
Creed, bucked by the Emperor's au
thority and power, was declared to be
the Christian faith, and anything con
trary to it, heresy. . 1
Trt.be it re mmbc-red that only
about one-third of the bishops were
present at the1 Council; and that they
could not be coerced into substituting
mystery for the Word of God, until
the Linperor lent his influence. His
decree was that Christian doctrine as
thus defined in the Nicene Creed
should have the prestige of the sup
port of the Lmperor and o all his
subordinate flicers throughout the
Roman Lmpire. All believing contrary
to this creed would be heretics, and
be considered in opposition to the Lin
peror, and such had the privilege of
leaving the Lmpire. Thus was the
mystery of trinity enshrined by a
heathen emperor, not baptized not
even sprinkled.
The history of the persecution of all
who would not worship the trinitarian
mystery would fill volumes. One sad
illustration is familiar to all the burn
ing of Scrvetus, by good Hrother Cal
vin's signature to the death warrant.
Is it any wonder that with such con
ditions prevailing for centuries, the
Lible ignored aud the creeds worship
ed, the true teachings of the Bible on
many subjects were completely lost
sight of? Is it any wonder that, when
in the sixteenth century God began to
bring' the Bible back to the attention
of the world, it was burned by the
bishops in front of St. Paul's Cathe
dral in London? Is it any wonder that
the Presbyterians of that time were
persecuted for studying it, and could
meet only in secret?
Is it any wonder that the men who
began afresh to study the Bible, but
who had their minds tinctured with
the creeds of centuries, were consider
ably handicapped?- Is it any wonder if
some of their conceptions of correct
Bible interpretation were rude and
crude? Have not our various Protes
tant denominations marked fresh en
deavors to get nearer to the light?
Now as we are in the dawning of the
New Dispensation, and God is lifting
the veil of ignorance in general, is it
any wonder that we can see the true
teachings of the Bible more clearly
than did our forefathers? Surely it is
what we might eXpeet, as well as what
the Bible distinctly declares: "The
mystery 'of God shall- be linished,"
which He has kept secret from the
foundation of the world.
The Difficulty at Present.
. It seems sad indeed that now, in the
dawning of the New Lra, and its
clearer light on the Bible as well
as upon all things, so few Chris
tian people should bo prepared to
profit bj these clearer views. Only in
our day is thorough Bible study possi
ble for the majority in civilized lands,
for only of late is there a sutliciency of
education to admit of intelligent Bible
study. What is the explanation of the
failure to make use of all these bless
ings, favors, privileges and opportuni
ties for Bible Study? It is loss of faith;
as Jesus said: "When the Sou of Man
cometh. shall He tind the faith. on the
cart hi" It would appear that with
more advantages than any previous
generation, ours lias less faith in God
and less trust in the Bible as His Word.
Tho cause of this can readily be
traced, and.it appalls us.' Our great
Institutions of learning, founded by
our Bible-loving. God-fearing forefa
thers, have become worldly-wise. They
have followed the course of leaning to
human understanding, against which
we were forewarned by God that the
wisdom of this world Is foolishness
w ith God and will perish.
Following the guidance of so called
Higher Critics, the rank and file of
professors of colleges have lost their
faith, and at the present time, all over
Christendom, are engaged in destroy
ing the faith of the most intelligent
young men and women of the world.
Having lost faith in the Bible them
selves, they think they are doing a
real service in destroying the faith of
others: Truly, they know not what
they do; as the Hible declares, the wis
dom of our wise men has perished;
the understanding of the prudent men,
the wealthy, etc., who govern these, is
not apparent. Isaiah 20:11.
With college graduates sneering nt
the Bible, and ignoring Divine wor
ship, except In tho sense of drawing
nigh with their lips, is it any wonder
that tho spirit of this infidelity is grad
ually extending to the masses the less
educated? Is it any wonder that these
w ho have nothing in particular to gain
from religion except comfort and hope,
bereft of these, care nothing for Bible
study or for church attendance, except
to hear the music or a brilliant ad
dress or to renew acquaintanceships?
Balm of Gilead the Remedy.
The only remedy which can hinder
the world from rapidly rushing on to
ward socialism and anarchy, in utter
disregard of God and His Divine ar
rangements, is a return to Bible study.
Nor need the people be invited back to
study the Bible along the lines of the
creeds Indeed, in order to attract at
tention to the Word of God. it is nec
essary that Christians should unite in
smashiig their creeds and in telling
the people plainly that these creeds
thoroughly misrepresent the Divine
Character and tho Divine Plan.
With other Bible Students, I make
this my chief business In life. Having
found the true Message .of God's Word
to be beautiful, heart-comforting and
head-satisfying, we are prepared to
recommend it to others and to offer
them a helping hand out of the mists,
fogs, misunderstandings, mistransla
tions and interpolations of the Dark
Ages. Following the words of Jesus
ami the inspired Twelve, and the
Prophets of old. we find that our God
Is a wholly different one from the hor
rible picture-God in the creeds of the
Dark Ages. We rejoice in the true
God. and in tho true Savior, and in the
Spirit of Holiness, which conies to us
as followers of Christ in proportion as
we receive nim and His teachings into
our hearts and lives.
I0WSER SCORES.
Mrs. B. Plans Surprise For Him
on His Birthday.
HE PREPARES ONE FOR HER.
Strange to Say His Is the More Suc
cessful of the Two When Visitor
Do Not Arrive He Explains His Ruse,
Much to Mrs. B.'s Chagrin. (
By M. QUAD.
CopyriKht, 1S1U, ly Associated Literary
Press.
RS. BOWSER had a little plan.
It wasn't a plan she got
out of a novel, but one of
her own invention.
It was a wifely plan, and one to be
proud of. and she smiled over it fifty
limes a day.
Mr. Bowser's birthday was approach
ing. Ho had mentioned the fact in no
way or manner, but she was keeping
tabs of the date and never hinting
within liSrty rods of what she was at.
Since he passed his forty-eighth
birthday he has had that same freak
that seizes plenty of other men a de
sire to conceal his true age. He has
even sought to conceal it from himself.
A woman turns to paint, powders
and bleaches, but a man has no re
course at the age of fifty-three, when
asked his age by some Impertinent
scoundrel, who ought Jo be sent to
jail for it, but to carelessly reply:
"Oh, I'm on tl e right side of forty
five yet."
Mr. Bowser hadn't fooled himself so
badly that he had lost all count' of
time. He had a dream one night that
his birthday was only three weeks
away, aud he awoke with a yell and
in a cohl sweat.
"Will you tell me what on earth is
the matter?" demanded Mrs. Bowser.
"I-I had a dream!"
"Of what?"
Bowser's Bad Dream.
"I dreamed that a boa constrictor
had me iu his coils and was crushing
the life out of mo!"
"I thought tlrat dill pickle you de
voured just before coming upstairs
, hi i i -I 11
A
21
"iHEUrENED THINO fiOT TWISTED A1SOCND
would bring on a racket. You should
be more cautious. Was it a big ser
pent?"
"Half a block long?"
"Did it glare?"
"Like an are light!"
"Couldn't you climb a tree?"
"No; he came upon me too sudden."
"Was it in our back yard?"
"No; I was seated on a log out in the
woods. I had gone out there with
pad and pencil to see if I couldn't fig
ure my income, below $4,000 a year,
and thus beat the government, when
the durned thing got twisted around
me." 7
"Well, let the dills alone after this."
It will be noticed by the careful
reader that Mr., Bowser lied, but it
wasn't an Ananias lie. It was just a
2 by 4 lie about his age, and the re
cording angel happened to be out of
ink that night aud didn't record it.
If -any further reminder of the fast
approaching birthday was needed Mr.
Bowser got it next morning when he
took tjie car. It was crowded, and an
old war veteran of seventy-four years
old painfully rose up and said:
"Here, Bowser, take my seat. You
are an older man than I am."
"You are mistaken, sir!" was the
stiff reply as a stand up place was
found by the frontdoor.
"Purty techy for an old man," said
the veteran to the man on his right.
His Birthday Approaches.
That birthday 'was only three days
away, and as near 'as Mr. Bowser
could make out, Mrs. Bowser hadn't
given it a thought. He had been very
careful to say nothing that might lead
to a discovery. In reading her tho
news, which he sometimes did. if an
Article gave a man's age, he suppress
ed that part of it.
Mrs. Bowser had originated' ' her
scheme without help, but to carry it
out she had to go to Mrs. Green and
Mrs. Brown and Mrs. Black and say:
"You won't tell a soul If I tell you
something, will you?"
"Mercy, no!"
"Mr. Bowser will be fifty-three years
old next Thursday."
"Dear me!"
"He doesn't know I'm keeping track
of his birthday."
"No?"
"Rut I am, and I am going .to have
n. few friends drop iu as a surprise
party."
"Why. that will be real cute. He
doesn't suspect, en?"
"Not in the slightest. I want them
all to get together at your house aud
come marching over in a body and
take him completely by surprise."""
"We'll do it. Won't it be fun!"
"But don't breathe a word to any
one who may tell him."
"I'll cross my heart on it."
He Walks Into Trap.
On Wednesday evening, as the inno
cent Mr. "Bowser was reading and
fmoking, Mrs. Bowser carelessly
queried: '
"Were you thinking of going out to
morrow evening?"
"Why?"
"I'd like to have you stay home and
read Dickens to me."
"Well, I think I will."
And after a little thought he said
to himself:
"By the great horn spoon, can the old
lady have got on to that birthday
racket! If she has I'll poison the cat
.within a week."
Ten minutes later Mr. Bowser took
a little walk. lie was standing on the
corner when a man named Ashley
came along and stopped to give him
pood evening and add:
"So you are getting there with- the
rest of us?"
"What do you nieanV
"Why, you are fifty-three tomorrow
"Who said so?"
''Why, your wife told my wife. Say,
Bowser, we promised to run in on
you with the rest of the pang tomor
row evening, but the baby has come
down with the measles and th.it will
keep us home. Our best wishes, how
ever, and many returns of the happy
day."
Light Dawns on Bowser.
Mr. Bowser leaned up against the
fence and was as one stunned for a
time.
So Mrs. Bowser had kept tabs!
Not only that, but she had planned
for a gang to come in and surprise
him.
Twenty times in the last year he
had given his age at forty-five, and yet
one after another of that gang would
take him by the hand and say:
"Fifty-three today, eh? Never mind,
old bor. We have all got to come to
it. Hope you'll live to be a hundred.
"By cripes, but I'll go home and
raise the biggest row ever heard of!"
he muttered as he started.
Then a sudden thought came to
him. and he stopped and mused:
"Mrs. Bowser Is slick and sleek
Can't Mr. Bowser' be slick and sleek
enough to inarch her? Let's see."
At the end of ten minutes he enter
ed the house whistling. Mrs. Bowser
was rejoiced to hear it. She had been
a bit afraid that he might catch up a
hint. All was well, and all continued
to be well through the rest of the
evening and the next day.
"What volume of Dickens do you
want me to read from this evening?
asked Mr. Bowser as he shoved back
from the breakfast table.
" 'A Tale of Two Cities, I guess," re
plied the arch conspiratress without
daring to look up.
"All right. I'll get me some troches
and have my voice in good order."
"Does he suspect anything, ma'am
asked the cook in an awed voice as the
master was clear of the house.
"Not a thing."
"Ain't that nice?"
Matched Wife's Strategy.
Mr. Bowser didn't take the car at the
corner. He walked three blocks down
and entered a job printer's place and
handed in copy for a placard.
"Good lands, but you don't say!"
gasped the printer.
"Yes."
"Where?"
"At my house.".
"Who's the victim?"
"My wife."
"Too bad too bad. I didn't know
there was a. case of it in town."
"Hers is the only one, I believe. I'll
get the placard about 0 o'clock, when
I come up."
No change to be observed in Mr.
"Bowser when he came home to dinner.
Mrs. Bowser was dressed up a bit, and
the cook had her Sunday clothes on,
but he didn't seem to notice anything.
At half past 7 he was ready to sit down
with Dickens and begin his reading.
He had, however, slipped out of the
front door a minute first.
Visitors Do Not Arrive.
Mrs. Bowser listened to the words
with one ear and for the doorbell with
the other. t
Eight o'clock aud no gang!
A quarter past and no ring!
JIalf past and not a shout!
Nine o'clock and Mrs. Bowser had to
get up and walk around. At half past
9 she looked at Mr. Bowser in a
strange was, and In reply he said:
"Let us go down to the gate."
She followed him down, and he lifted
from the outside of the gate a placard
reading in startling letters:
"Keep Out! Smallpox Here!"
The tears started to Mrs. Bowser's
eyes, but she forced them back and
with a rueful smile she kissed Mr.
.Bowser and said:
N "I gues there's some mistake. I
guess you aren't a day over thirty
years old!"
No Wonder.
"Now, doctor," said the suffragette,
"there's one thing you must admit. A
woman doesn't grow warped and hide
bound so quickly as a man. Her mind
keeps younger, fresher."
"Well, no wonder," was the retort.
"Look how often she changes it!"
Philadelphia. Becord.
Shoot Him at Sunrise, Men!
"A New York woman z having her
cat's voice trained," said the old fogy.
"What on earth Is her idea in doing
that?"
"She is cultivating the mews, I
guess," replied the cheerful idiot. Cin
cinnati Enquirer. ...
Biily Mudges
Surprise
Ey OSCAR COX
Billy Mudge was a strapping farm
er's boy, ambitious of something more
profitable than plowing, sitting all day
on a reaper or tossing hay up into the
second story of a barn with a pitch
fork. Billy was trudging along through
a wood one day when he came to a
clearing. There was a small house on
it, but no one appeared to be at home.
Billy noticed the place before leaving
t?ie edge of the wood, anil suddenly Le
saw something else that made him stop
short. On the opposite side of the clear
ing a man emerged from the road and,
taking position behind a tree standing
alone, surveyed the house intently.
Thou he moved townrd it stealthily,
keeping his eye fixed on it. and on
reaching it began to examine it for
some plate of entrance. '
From a dream Billy had suddenly en
tered upon a reality. How much there
might be in it for him he didn't con
sider. Apparently it was nothing more
than an opportunity to prevent a thief
from committing a depredation. Billy
as unarmed and felt it necessary to
proceed cautiously. The man he watch
ed, after trying windows and doors, at
last found an opening to the cellar,
through w hich he disappeared.
Billy looked about him for a weapon
and found a stout cudgel on the ground,
which he picked up and clutched with
a firm grasp. He had time to think
while the man was iu the house and
realized that the robber doibtless had
either a revolver or a knife, perhaps
both, and to attack him would be to
get worsted. He therefore decided not
to enter the Louse, but wait till the
fellow came out, follow him. steal up
behind him and fell him with a blow
from Lis club.
In a few minutes the front door was
thrown open, and the thief emerged,
carrying a long yarn stocking, full as
after a visit from Santa Clans on
Christmas eve. Biily knew the way
that some country persons kept their
money and recognized the stocking as
the depository" of the occupant of the
house. He stooped and moved for
ward, expecting the' robber to go the
way he had come and intending to fol
low him. But just as the fellow was
about to step down from the porch
on to the ground there was a sound of
breaking underbrush and a thud of
horse's hoofs on turf, and a girl on
horseback emerged from the wood into
the clearing.
Billy paused and awaited develop
ments. The man dropped the stocking, and
the girl, pulling in her horse, rested
the rein on his neck, covered her face
with both hands and .was shaking with
convulsive sobbing. The robber, who
had lcon caught in the act, hung his
head. It was evidently not merely a
case of a common thief being detected
bv a stranger, but a brother or a lover
surprised by his sister or his sweet
heart There were words reproaches likely
which Billy could not hear. The girl,
calling on the man to follow her, urged
her horse from the clearing, the man .
running on foot. They were out of
sight when a posse of armed men
broke into the clearing and, hearing
the sounds of breaking bushes, ran
after them.
Billy waited further developments:
but, neither hearing nor seeing aify
more of the persons concerned, ho
emerged from his hiding, went to tho
house and picked up the stocking lying
on the ground. He felt of it and con
cluded that it was full of bills and
coins. Untying a string that held iu
the contents, he thrust in his hand and
drew out a handful of loose pieces of
paper and some small stones.
"Well. I'll .be goldarned!" he ex
claimed.
Billy looked at the stocking, then at
the house, then turned the stocking
upside down and shook out the con
tentsbits of newspaper and stones-
scratched his head and repeated:
"I'll be goldarned!"
Going to the door, he tried to open it,
but it had evidently been fastened, aft
er the robber had gone out, by a spring
lock. Billy tried to get into the house
by the cellar-door through which the
robber had effected an entrance. This
door, too, was locked, or, rather, bolt
ed inside, for through a crack ho could
see the bolt shot-
Turning, he stood looking up at the
house with his hands in his pockets.
still wondering. ,
"I wish." he said, "I'd knowed that
stockin didn't have no money in ir.
cause I could 'a' told the feller that.
after all, he hadn't committed no bur
glary, aud the gal wouldn't 'a' tuk on
so. But what he was so keerful fur
about lot-kin' up atter lieu tuk or
thought he'd tuk all the funds in the
house I'.d like to know."
Ilea ring a titter, he looked to his
right. There stood a man beside some
sort of machine. A titter at his left
drew his attention, and he saw the rofc
ber and the girl laughing at him.
"See here, you people," he exclaimed.
"What does all this goldarned perform
ance mean?"
"It means," said the man with the
machine, "that we've been making a
moving picture play. I've got you iu
picking up the stocking and trylug to
get into the house, and it's the best
part of ihe show."
Billy didn't s::y anything for a few.
moments while the true conditions
were getting through his thick skull.
Then the ire began to gather in his rye,
and his eye was focused on the ap
paratus. Suddenly lie gave a kick wuu
his foot and lifted the imcMno In thoror
air. . a
CRIMINALS JUST
LIKE OTHER FOLK
Differences Rot -of Kind, but
of Degree, Says Expert.
NO CRIMINAL TYPE EXISTS.
Dr. Goring, Medical Officer of English
Prison, Gives Results cf Twe!t
Years' Study of Wrongdoers Crimi
nals Are Defective, but Only by Con-,
trast With Normal People.
"As individuals criminals possess no
characteristics, physical or mental,
which are not shared by all people.
The only difference is one of degree."
Such is the conclusion reached after
a remarkable statistical investigation
based upon measurements m' prison
er: in Pankhurst prison, Liielainl,
which began in 1!K)1, now set forth
by Dr. Goring, the medical ollicer of
the prison, in a monograph which is of
extraordinary s--:ent ifio and human in
terest. Dr. Goring's measurements shatter
the theory propounded by Lombrosd
that there is a definite criminal type
and that it is even possible to know
the various kinds of criminals by
their fncs. The lawe of the thief is
not, as Lombroso taught, "short and
large;" the eye of the homicide "not
glassy, cold and fixed." Crime dues
not reveal Itself In a man's outward
visage.
The general characteristics of tho
English convict are those of a defec
tive. He is defective in physical
strength, weight, stature and mental
capacity. It is found that in height
and bodily weight he is very marked
ly inferior to the general average of
the population. This is the only solid
fact ascertained which might suggest
the existence of a criminal type.
Highbrows and Lowbrows.
One venerable superstition laid to
rest by Dr. Goring is that a low fore
head connotes criminality and a high
forehead intelligence.
The different classes of-criminals, he
shows, do not differ markedly among
themselves or vary much, except iu
height aud weight, from the standard
of population, while hospital inmates
who are quite free from crime, but cf
weak physique, in many characteris
tics signally resemble the malefactor.
Thieves and burglars, it is true, are
unusually puny, while fraudulent of
fenders are commonly as tall anl
heavy as the average man, but this !
because the fraudulent offender is
drawn from a higher class of the pop
ulation than the thief.
The remarkable inferiority of tho
( crin,innl in height and weight Is ex-
plained very simply. Stature and phy
sique are endowments which enable :i
man readily to obtain an honest occu
pation. "Wo might easily produce sta
tistics," says Dr. Goring, "to show
that, all other things being equal, thu
poor roan's physique serves frequently
as the casting vote determining wheth
er he can easily find employment or to
unemployable." It is for this reason
apparently and no other tlmt crime H
to some extent hereditary, low stature
being transmitted by parents to their
progeny.
Causes of Criminality.
The criminal's health appears to
have no effect upon his proclivity to
crime, nor is it true that drink is tho
cause of crime, except in the case of
violent offenses against the person. So
cial inequality, often paraded as the
true cause, appears to have even less
to do with making a criminal, but a
low standard of intelligence, often
amounting to mental deficiency, has
been found in the Vast majority of
criminals.
Dr. Goring concludes: "The chief
source of the high degree of relation
ship between weakmindelness and
crime is probably beside the fact. The
thing which we call criminality and
which leads to-the perpetration of
"many If not most anti-social offenses
today is not inherent wickedness, but
natural stupidity." '
The volume is epoch making in that
it is "the first attempt to arrive at
results in criminology by the statistical
treatment of facts, which In a crude
form are without scientific value."
FORMS A ONE MAN TRUST.
Philadelphia Carpenter Incorporates
Himself For $2,000,000; Partly Water.
Benjamin F. Roberts, a carpenter of
f2t Cumberland street, Philadelphia,
has sent to Harrisburg papers Incor
porating himself for $2,000,000 as a one
man trust.
Roberts said that ho was watering
his stock somewhat, as he might not
be able to pay dividends upon the $2,
000,000 stock issue which he purposes
to sell to friends or other Interested
parties, but he contended he had as
much right to inflate his personal stock
ns a n j other corporation.
Brilliant Signs Lure Hawks.
hw
Maurice Willen of Georgetown. Del.,
has a new scheme for killing chicken
hawks which he claims proves that
hen hawks hava an artistic sense de
spite their ferocity.
Maurice secured a number of large
advertising signs brilliantly painted, '
which he set in his poultry yard, the .
nlctures lurlnrr the hpn hntrL-a l.itrn
a io0ic when Willen, biding with
gun, shoots them.
t